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Preparatory Survey Report on the Ulaanbaatar Water Supply Development Project in Gachuurt in Mongolia

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Preparatory Survey Report on the Ulaanbaatar Water Supply Development Project in Gachuurt in Mongolia Ministry of Roads, Transport, Construction and Urban Development Water Supply & Sewerage Authority of Ulaanbaatar City MONGOLIA PREPARATORY SURVEY REPORT ON THE ULAANBAATAR WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN GACHUURT IN MONGOLIA March 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO. LTD. GED JR 10-047 Ministry of Roads, Transport, Construction and Urban Development Water Supply & Sewerage Authority of Ulaanbaatar City MONGOLIA PREPARATORY SURVEY REPORT ON THE ULAANBAATAR WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN GACHUURT IN MONGOLIA March 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO. LTD. PREFACE In response to the request from the Government of Mongolia, the Government of Japan decided to conduct the Preparatory Survey (Basic Design) on the Ulaanbaatar Water Supply Development Project in Gachuurt in Mongolia and entrusted the survey to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA sent a survey team to Mongolia to conduct the preparatory survey at the survey area from August 3 to November 2, 2009. Discussions were held with the officials concerned of the Government of Mongolia, and when the team returned to Japan, further studies were made. Then, a mission was dispatched again to Mongolia to discuss the draft of the basic design, and as a result, the present report was finalized. I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of the project and to the enhancement of friendly relations between our two countries. I wish to express our sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of Mongolia for the close cooperation extended to the teams. March 2010 Izumi TAKASHIMA Vice-President Japan International Cooperation Agency LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL We are pleased to submit to you the Preparatory Survey (Basic Design) Report on the Ulaanbaatar Water Supply Development Project in Gachuurt in Mongolia. The survey was conducted by CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd. under a contract to JICA, during the period from July 2009 to March 2010. In conducting the survey, we have examined the feasibility and rationale of the project with due consideration to the present situation of Mongolia and formulated the most appropriate basic design for the project under Japan's Grant Aid scheme. Finally, we hope that this report will contribute to further promotion of the project. Very truly yours, Yoshiharu MATSUMOTO Chief Consultant Preparatory Survey (Basic Design) Team on the Ulaanbaatar Water Supply Development Project in Gachuurt in Mongolia CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd. SUMMARY ① Overview of Mongolia Mongolia is a highland and inland country, 2,392 km from East to West, 1,259 km from North to South, with a total area of 1,570,000 km2. It borders with Russia to the North, and with China to the East, West, and South. On the northern half of the country spreads the grassland that transitions to a coniferous forest zone towards the Russian border, while on the southern half is the dry desert region called the Gobi. The population of Mongolia is approximately 2.7 million people (Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Regional Affairs of 2009), and the population growth rate has been fluctuating between 1.2% and 1.4% in the past decade. Ulaanbaatar City, which is targeted for the Project, is the capital of Mongolia and the political and economic center of the country with the population of 1.07 million as of 2008. The average temperature in the past decade has been –0.7°C, and monthly average temperature has been above 0°C only between April and October. Approximately 86% of the annual rainfall occurs from May to September, marking 238 mm on annual average and 330 mm in the mountain area in the past decade. The GDP growth rate of Mongolia was 2% to 4% from 1996 to 1999, and was only at the 1% level from 2000 to 2001. However, it steadily rouse up to the 10% level by 2004, and grew by 7% or more from 2005 to 2007. In late 2008, the worldwide recession and the collapse in copper and gold prices depressed the economy of Mongolia. The inflation rate was also at a high rate, reducing temporarily to 12.3% in 2007, but at the 20% level after 2000. The gross national income was USD410 and USD810/person in 2000 and 2005, respectively. However, due to the benefits from mining resource development, it increased suddenly to USD1,680 in 2008 (World Bank, September 2009). According to the latest data, the gross regional domestic product (GRDP) of Ulaanbaatar City was USD930 million in 2005, which was equivalent to approximately 48% of the GDP in Mongolia. The GDP per person was USD990, which was around 30% higher than the national average. ② Background, History, and Outline of the Requested Project The waterworks master plan (M/P) of Ulaanbaatar City was formulated under the JICA study in 1995, namely; “The Study on Water Supply System in Ulaanbaatar and Surroundings,” and the water source development plan in this project was also proposed in the said study. In addition, in the “Water and Waste Water Master Plan of Ulaanbaatar targeting the year 2020 (UBMP2020)” which was implemented in 2006 with support from the World Bank and approved by the Cabinet, the necessity to increase the water supply capacity was pointed out. Subsequently, although it was not approved by the Cabinet, “The Study on City Master Plan and Urban Development Program of Ulaanbaatar City in Mongolia (UBMPS)” was reviewed by JICA in 2009. It was then estimated that the maximum water demand per day will exceed 240,000 m3/day by 2011 which is the current water supply capacity. Thus, water facility development including this project is proposed as the priority project. With consideration on the study results, the following items were confirmed: s-i i) It is noteworthy that the migrants inflow from the countryside to Ulaanbaatar City, the capital of Mongolia. Due to the increase which continued to grow by 4% yearly from 2000, the population was estimated to have reached 1.07 million people in 2008, which is equivalent to 40% of the national population. As a result, the urban problem became serious, and especially for water supply, the water demand was estimated to exceed the current supply capacity by 2011. In the occurrence of water shortage, the impact to daily lives and urban functions can be huge, so that the strengthening of the waterworks is an urgent issue. ii) The water supply of Ulaanbaatar City is under the responsibility of the Water Supply & Sewerage Authority of Ulaanbaatar City (USUG). With the facility development program of the Japan’s grant aid, the water supply capacity had reached 240,000 m3/day. However, water is supplied to the Ger areas through the water supply kiosks and shared by half of the population, but water use is only 7.2 ℓ/person/day. Therefore, the World Bank is extending the water pipes or building additional water supply kiosks to the Ger areas. In the apartment areas where water is supplied by USUG to each household, water consumption is discouraged by shifting to the metered water fee system or through water-saving education campaigns. However, despite the effort, the increase of water supply capacity is still required due to the improved water supply system and population growth in the Ger areas. Besides, water consumption is increasing due to the shift of population from the Ger areas to the apartment areas. iii) USUG is supplying water from four (4) groundwater sources. These water sources no longer have allowance for further development hence a new water source must be developed at Gachuurt located east of Ulaanbaatar, which has been proposed as the ideal location in the previous study. In response to the above development study results, the Government of Japan decided to implement the basic design on the facility development plan of water pipes in Ulaanbaatar City (North East Reservoir) and the water source development in Gachuurt. ③ Outline of Study Results and Contents of the Project JICA sent the preparatory (basic design) survey team to Mongolia to conduct the survey from August 3, 2009 to November 2, 2009. In the on-site study, the details of the request for grant aid was confirmed through discussions with the involved parties of Mongolia, and the natural conditions (landscape, geology, and groundwater condition), social conditions, buried objects, and procurement conditions of construction equipment, etc., were studied. Based on the survey results, a mission for the briefing on the basic design was again sent by JICA from February 21, 2010 to February 27, 2010 and held discussions regarding the direction of the basic design and the burden of Mongolia, etc., and the agreement of the Mongolian side was obtained. The outline of the final plan is as described below. • Target Year of the Plan and Scale of the Facility Taking the project implementation schedule and urgency of the grant aid into consideration, the target year of the Plan was set to 2014. The water volume for new development is based on the s-ii past 5-year performance, i.e., for the Ger areas and apartment areas, the water supply population and water use per person per day (Ger area: 25 ℓ/person/day; Apartment area: 230 ℓ/person/day), average water supply volume per day, and the maximum water supply volume per day were estimated. As a result, the amount equivalent to the difference between the water demand expected in 2014 and the current water supply capacity (240,000 m3/day) was set as the new water volume to be developed, i.e., 25,200 m3/day. • Water Source Development Plan The water source of this project is the subsurface water which will be taken from the riverbed flood plain in Gachuurt at the upstream of the urban area of Tuul River.
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