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Muhammad Rafiq.Pdf MORAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE LIGHT OF ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE QURAN AND SUNNAH Researcher: Supervisor: MUHAMMAD RAFIQ DR. SYED ASAD ABBAS RIZVI Reg. 86-FSS/PHDEDU/F11 Co- Supervisor: PROF. Dr. MUHAMMAD TAHIR MANSOORI Department of Education Faculty of Social Sciences INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD 2020 MORAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE LIGHT OF ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE QURAN AND SUNNAH By MUHAMMAD RAFIQ 86/FSS/PhD/EDU/F-11 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree in Education to the Department of Education at Faculty of Social Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad. Department of Education Faculty of Social Sciences INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD 2020 ii iii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to Imam Hussain (AS): the biggest example of Islamic morality iv FORWARDING SHEET The thesis entitled “Moral Development Strategies for University Students in the Light of Islamic Philosophy of Moral Development in the Quran and Sunnah” submitted by Muhammad Rafiq for partial fulfillment of degree of Doctor of Philosophy in education, has been completed under my guidance and supervision. I am satisfied with the quality of the research work and allow him to submit this thesis for further process as per rules of International Islamic University, Islamabad. _________________________________ Supervisor: Dr. Syed Asad Abbas Rizvi ______________________________________________ Co-Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Muhammad Tahir Mansoori v APPROVAL SHEET Thesis titled “Moral Development Strategies for University Students in the Light of Islamic Philosophy of Moral Development in the Quran and Sunnah” submitted by Muhammad Rafiq Reg. No: 86-FSS/PHDEDU/F11 is accepted by the Department of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree “DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN EDUCATION” Supervisor: __________________________ (Dr. Syed Asad Abbas Rizvi) Co-supervisor: ________________________ (Prof. Dr. Muhammad Tahir Mansoori) Internal Examiner: ____________________ (Dr. Muhammad Munir Kayani) External Examinar1: ___________________ (Prof. Dr. Col (R) Manzoor H. Arif) External Examinar2: ___________________ (Prof. Dr. Ayesha Akbar) Chairman, Dean, Department of Education Faculty of Social Sciences International Islamic University International Islamic University Islamabad. Islamabad. vi ABSTRACT This research project was designed to explore the existing level of morality of university students, identify the causes of the existing morality of the university students, rank the causes of existing moral disposition of the university students, identify the moral values for youth as mentioned in Islamic Philosophy of moral development revealed by Quran and Sunnah, find out the principles to develop strategies for moral development of university students using Islamic Philosophy of moral development revealed by Quran and Sunnah. The design of the study was sequential transformative mixed. In this design second, quantitative phase is based on the findings of first qualitative phase. The instruments of the study were interviews, focus groups discussion and questionnaires. The population of the study was composed of teachers and students of the universities. The sample included 15 teachers and 22 students selected by snowball theoretical technique for qualitative phase and 100 randomly selected teachers and 400 students for Quantitative phase. The results of the study obtained by content analysis of qualitative data and subsequently applying frequency distribution and Chi square test to quantitative data. The result showed explorations about the existing nature of morality of the students. The major finding about explorations were the morality of the students was based on materialism, there was lack of nationalism, the was aimlessness in students, irresponsible behavior and sources of moral orientation were found to be other than that of Islamic. The findings about the causes of moral decline in the students were ineffective role model of teachers, the curriculum, value free education, privatization and entrepreneurship of education, religious and political leaders and policies of the government. The findings about the principles were moral development means spiritual development, the elimination of disparity between thoughts and actions, inculcation of patience as a basic Islamic moral value, and orientation of morality according to the faith in Allah and His Prophet (PBUH). In search of shared values to be fostered it was found a set of 25 values such as Trustworthiness, care, responsibility, respect, justice, fairness and citizenship. The findings about the strategy were the development an explicit strategy with revision curriculum, monitoring policies and reform of evaluation systems. It was concluded that there is a decline of morality and the education system of the universities is the major contributor of this decline. So, a comprehensive reform of education system is the need of the time. The study recommends conduction of research work to explore the effects of privatization of education, secularism, and pragmatism on the moral reasoning of the students. It is also recommended to find role of media in moral decline. It was recommended the development of a national Academy for teacher training where trainee teachers must be equipped to act as the agent for moral orientation of students in the light of Quran and Sunnah. It was recommended to develop and implement an explicit strategy, eliminate effects of wrong philosophies of life, stop entrepreneurship of education, realization role of teachers, inculcate shared moral values and do reforms in the curriculum, in evaluation system, in Medium of instruction, in teacher training and induction processes, in co- education set ups, and in development of positive environment for learning. It was recommended to replicate this study to establish the fact evident from this research study. vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All the acclamations and appreciations are for almighty Allah, the kind and merciful and all blessings for the Holy Prophet (PBUH), who is forever a torch of guidance and knowledge for humanity. I am extremely thankful to my supervisor Dr. Syed Asad Abbas Rizvi Assistant Professor International Islamic University, Islamabad for his gentle guidance, valuable suggestions, and forever friendly and loving attitude during the conduct of research and completion of this thesis. I pay my gratitude to Prof. Dr. N.B. Jumani, Dean faculty of social sciences International Islamic University, Islamabad, and Dr. Muhammad Munir Kayani Associate professor IIUI, for their valuable suggestions, re-enforcement and motivation during the completion of this thesis. I am extremely thankful to my wife Shamshad Parveen, who kept encouraging me and being a source of inspiration and a great moral support throughout my research. Thanks, are extended especially to my Friends Iftikhar Ahmad and Mr. Zahid Yasin for their indescribable help for the successful completion of this research project. In addition, I am thankful to Mr. Muhammad Afzal Mirza Principal Government Higher Secondary and Mr. Muhammad Iqbal Senior subject specialist (Physics), for all their valuable encouragements and help in arrangement of study leave. I am especially indebted to my family members for their patience and sacrifice of paternal love and care they deserved. Last but not means the least, very special thanks are to my loving father and my sweet mother, whose love, affection was great asserts for me. Sincere thanks to all my family members for every possible support. MUHAMMAD RAFIQ viii LIST OF CONTENTS Items P age Number ABSTRACT VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENT VIII LIST OF CONTENTS IX LIST OF TABLES XV LIST OF FIGURES XXII LIST OF ABBEREVIATIONS XXIV CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background of The Study 1 1.2 Rationale of The Study 4 1.3 Theoretical Lens 5 1.3.1 Why to Use Quran and Sunnah as the Theoretical Lens of 5 the Study 1.3.2 Effects of The Theoretical Lens on The Study 7 1.4 The Main Axioms of The Islamic Philosophy of Moral 7 Development 1.5 Statement of The Problem 10 1.6 Objectives of The Study 12 1.7 Research Questions 13 1.7.1 Null Hypotheses for Qualitative Phase of the Study 13 1.8 Significance of the Study 14 1.9 Delimitations 15 1.11 Operational Definitions of the Key Terms 16 1.11.1 Moral Development 16 ix 1.11.2 Moral Standard of Quran and Sunnah 16 1.11.3 Good Moral Character 17 1.11.4 Strategy 17 1.12 Limitations 18 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 19 THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 19 2.1 Moral Development and Quran 19 21 (فسق) Definition of Debauchery 2.1.1 2.1.2 Quranic Philosophy of Human Status in the Universe 22 2.13 Foundations of Morality in Islam 23 2.1.4 Objectives of Prayer 24 2.1.5 Role of Fasting in Moral Development 25 2.1.6 Motivational Force for Observance of Moral Behavior 27 2.1.7 Evils That Quran Aimed to Eliminate from Societies 28 2.1.8 Beneficence with Parents 29 2.1.9 Significance of Repentance in a System of Moral 29 Development 2.1.10 The Moral Values that Allah Wants to Inculcate Through 30 Quran 2.1.11 Defalcation with Conscience and Its Effects on Moral 30 Development 2.1.12 Universal Moral Law of Allah Almighty 31 2.1.13 Compatibility Between Views and Action 31 2.1.14 Assumptions of Immoral Way of Life 32 x 2.1.15 False Beliefs of Intercession (SHIFA’AT)
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