Final Report

REPUBLIC OF COTE D’IVOIRE ------Union-Discipline-Labor

« WOMEN IN INTERPRISE » Project

STUDY ON PROMISING SECTORS AND VALUE CHAINS IN THE REGIONS OF GBEKE, PORO, TONKPI AND THE DISTRICT OF ABIDJAN

FINAL REPORT

STUDIES AND CONSUTANCY OFFICE

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TABLE OF CONTENTS STUDY IMPLEMENTATION TEAM ...... 5 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATION ...... 6 LIST OF TABLES ...... 8 LIST OF FIGURES ...... 9 SUMMARY ...... 10 CHAPTER1 : STUDY AREA AND CONTEXT OVERVIEW ...... 17

1.1. BACKGROUNG AND RATIONALE OF THE STUDY ...... 177 1.2. STUDY AREA ...... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI.8 CHAPTER 2 : STUDY APPROACH ...... 21

2.1. OBJECTIVE AND EXPECTED OUTCOMES OF THE STUDY ...... 211 2.2. DEFINITION OF THE ONCEPTS ...... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI.1 2.3. METHODS USED ...... 233 2.4. STUDY IMPLEMENTATION STEPS ...... 244 CHAPTER 3 : STUDY RESULTS ...... 30

3.1 INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS OF SECTORS BY AREA ...... 30 3.1.1 Lists of identified sectors by study area ...... 30 3.1.2 Main actors identified and involved in the development of target sectors in the project area ...... 32 3.1.3 Women’s role in the sectors ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.4 3.1.4 Actions to support the development of sectors ...... 355 3.1.5 Professional organizations ...... 378 3.1.6 Banks and other financing structures ...... 399 3.2 PRIORIZATION OF PROMISING NEW SECTORS BY AREA ...... 40 3.3 ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATA FROM THE SURVEY IN THE STUDY AREA ...... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI.7 3.3.1 At the level of women food crops producers ...... 477 3.3.2 At the level women livestock farmers ...... 499 3.3.3 At the level of craftswomen ...... 512 3.3.4 Age group of the actors met ……………………………………………………………………………………………….54 3.4 Mapping and description of the value chains of promising crop production sectors by area………….....56 3.4.1 Mapping of actors in the cassava, rice and tomato sectors in the study area ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.6 3.4.2 Analysis of the mapping and relationships between actors involved in the cassava, rice, and tomato sectors 599 3.4.2.1 Structures to support the development of sectors ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.9 3.4.2.2 Actors in the main links of sectors ...... 62 3.4.3 Analysis of the operating accounts for promising links of the cassava, rice and tomato sectors .. Erreur ! Signet non défini.7 3.4.3.1 Reminder of the crop speculations selected by area ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.7 3.4.3.2 Producer link operating account ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.7 3.4.3.3 Processor link operating account ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.9 3.4.3.4 Reseller link operating account ...... 70 3.5 MAPPING AND DESCRIPTION OF VALUE CHAINS OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION SECTORS BY AREA ...... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI.3 3.5.1 Mapping of actors in the poultry sector ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.3 3.5.2 Analysis of the governance of animal and fisheries production sectors ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.4 3.5.3 Analysis of mapping and relationship between actors in the poultry sector ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.5 3.5.3.1. At the meso level ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.5 3.5.3.2. At the micro level ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.6 3.5.3.2.1 Value chain analysis at the production level ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.6 3.5.3.2.2 Value chain analysis at the processing level ...... 80 3.5.3.2.3 Analysis of the marketing link of modern poultry ...... 81 3.5.3.2.4 Analysis of the consumer link of modern chickens ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.3

3.5.3.2.5 Analysis of the marketing link of traditional poultry ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.3 3.5.3.2.6 Analysis of the consumer link of traditional chickens ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.6 3.5.4 Mapping of actors in the pig sector ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.7 3.5.5 Analysis of the mapping and relationship between the actors in the pig sector ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.8 3.5.5.1 At the meso level ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.8 3.5.5.2 At the micro level ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.8 3.5.3.2.7 Value chain analysis at the production level ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.8 3.5.3.2.8 Value chain analysis at the pigmeat processing level ...... 90 3.5.3.2.9 Value chain analysis at the marketing of pigmeat level ...... 90 3.5.3.2.10 Analysis of the pork consumption link ...... 92 3.5.6 Analysis of the operating accounts for promising links of the modern and traditional poultry and pig sectors ... 92 3.5.6.1 Reminder of the animal speculations retained by area ...... 92 3.5.6.2 Analysis of the producers' operating account ...... 93 3.5.6.3 Analysis of the operating account of the processor link ...... 95 3.5.6.4 Values added diagram by the various links in the poultry (broiler) sector ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.5 3.6 MAPPING AND DESCRIPTION OF THE VALUE CHAINS OF THE PROMISING CRAFT SECTORS .. ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI.7 3.6.1 Mapping of the actors in the hairdressing, sewing and catering sectors ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.7 3.6.2 Analysis of the governance of craft trades ...... 101 3.6.2.1 Public or Semi-public structures in charge of developing craft trades ...... 101 3.6.2.2 Regulations affecting the activities of the various actors in the sector ...... 102 3.6.3 Analysis of the mapping and relationship between actors in the sewing sector ...... 102 3.6.3.1 At the meso level ...... 102 3.6.3.2 At the micro level ...... 1023 3.6.4 Analysis of the mapping and relationships between actors in the catering sector ... Erreur ! Signet non défini.4 3.6.4.1 At the meso level ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.4 3.6.4.2 At the micro level ...... 1034 3.6.5 Analysis of the mapping and relationship between actors in the hairdressing sector...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.6 3.6.5.1 At the meso level ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.6 3.6.5.2 At the micro level ...... 1056 3.6.6 Analysis of the mapping and relationships between actors in the pastry sector...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.7 3.6.6.1 At the meso level ...... 1067 3.6.6.2 At the micro level ...... 1067 3.6.1 Analysis of the operating accounts of craft trades ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.8 3.6.1.1 Reminder of the trades selected by area ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.8 3.6.1.2 Operating account for a hairstylist ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.8 3.6.1.3 Operating account for a seamstress ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.9 3.6.1.4 Operating account for a restaurant owner ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.9 3.6.1.1 Operating account for a pastry chef...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.10 3.7 SELECTION OF PROMISING LINKS ...... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI.11 3.7.1 At the level of crop production sectors...... 111 3.7.2 At the level of animal production sectors ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.4 3.7.3 At the level of craft trades ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.5 3.7 RISK ANALYSIS...... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI. 3.7.1 Project risks ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini. 3.7.1.1 Project risks ...... 117 3.7.1.2 Promoter risks ...... 117 3.7.1.3 Counter-party risks ...... 117 3.7.1.4 Country risks ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini. 3.7.2 Risk mitigation ...... 118 3.7.2.1 Project risks ...... 118 3.7.2.1.1 Installation risks ...... 118 3.7.2.1.2 Operational risks...... Erreur ! Signet non défini. 3.7.2.2 Promoter risks ...... 119 3.7.2.2.1 Major forces ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini. 3.7.2.2.2 Skills risks (techniques et gestion) ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini. 3.7.2.2.3 Moral risks ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini. 3.7.2.3 Counter-party risks ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini. 3.7.2.3.1 Credit risks related to financial partners ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini. 3.7.2.3.2 Supervisory risks related to technical partners ...... Erreur ! Signet non défini.

CHAPITER 4 : CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 12122 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 12324 ANNEXES ...... 12425

ANNEX 1 : LIST OF MAJOR LAWS AND REGULATIONS RELATING TO OPA ...... 12425 ANNEX 2 : SITUATION OF PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM CROP PRODUCTION INCLUDED IN THE STUDY ...... 12526 ANNEX 3 : LIST OF PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCT FARMERS AND TRADERS BY AREA ...... 12627 ANNEX 4 : LIST OF PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF FOOD CROP PRODUCT PRODUCERS AND TRADERS BY AREA ...... 13031

STUDY IMPLEMENTATION TEAM

Full Name Position Role/qualification in the team Rural Economist, Expert in Director of Studies and Dr Miaman KONE Agricultural and Rural Consultancy Development, Head of Mission Head of Division of Agro-economic Zoo-technician, Expert in Livestock ANOH Missa Lin Studies Rearing BEDA Ekeni Evrard Head of Agro-pastoral Studies Unit Agronomist, Food crop Specialist Lionnel COULIBALY Mamadou Rural Economist, Specialist in Data Head of Service Offers Unit Namogo Processing and Analysis Marie Josephine Berthe Gender and Development Head of Division Spouse NASSA Specialist

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATION

2QC Quantity Quality Growth Program ADCVI Association for the Development of Intensive Food Crops ADERIZ Agency for the Development of the Rice Sector in Côte d'Ivoire ADR Rural Development Facilitator AEJ Youth Employment Agency AFD French Development Agency AfricaRice Rice Center for Africa AGEFOP National Agency for Vocational Training AISA Ivorian Association of Agronomic Sciences ANADER National Agency for Rural Development Support ANAREV CI National Association of Poultry Resellers in Côte d'Ivoire ANAVI-CI National Association for the Valorization of Food crops in Côte d'Ivoire ANAVICI National Association of Poultry Farmers of Côte d'Ivoire ARRMA Regulatory Authority for the Food and Beverage Trades AWECO Africa Women Welfare Committee BAD African Development Bank BAD-Livestock Development and Livestock Project BAD-OUEST Rural Development Project in the Western Forest Region BOAD West African Development Bank BUNAP National Population Office Debt Reduction and Development Contract - Support Project for the Revival of C2D-PARFACI Agricultural Sectors in Côte d'Ivoire CCC Cocoa-Coffee Council CECP Postal Savings and Credit Fund CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research CMEC Mutual Savings and Credit Fund CNCE National Savings Fund CNRA National Center for Agronomic Research in Côte d'Ivoire CORAF West and Central African Council for Agricultural Research and Development CSRS Swiss Center for Scientific Research CVA Value-Added Chains DD Departmental Directorate DMG General Merchandise Distribution Project for the Dissemination of Improved High Yield Cassava Varieties in the Farming DONATA Environment FACI Manufacturing of Ivorian Compound feeding stuffs FAFCI Support Fund for Women in Côte d'Ivoire FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAPA Support Fund for the Promotion of Crafts FEDACI Federation of Craftsmen in Côte d'Ivoire FENACOFBVI - CI National Federation of Cooperatives of the livestock and Meat Sector in Côte d'Ivoire FENACUCI National Federation of rabbit farmers in Côte d'Ivoire FENAPCI National Federation of Professional Craftsmen in Côte d'Ivoire FENASCOVICI National Federation of Crop Cooperatives in Côte d’Ivoire FIDA International Fund for Agricultural Development FIDRA International Federation for the Development of Active Retirement FIRCA Inter-professional Fund for Research and Agricultural Council FOANI Ferme Ouattara Ali dit Nanan Issa GDS Avicole Sanitary Defense Group IDE-AFRIQUE African Development Initiative

IDEFOR Forest Institute IFEF Women's Training and Education Institutions INHP National Institute of Public Hygiene INTERPORCI Pork Trade Association in Côte d'Ivoire IRC International Rescue Committee JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency KDS KOUDIJS Distribution Society LANADA National Laboratory for the Support of Agricultural Development OCPV Office of Assistance for the Marketing of Food Crops OIA Inter-professional Agricultural Organizations ONDR National Office of Rice Development ONG Non-Governmental Organization OP Professional Organization OPA Professional Agricultural Organization OPE Professional Breeders Organizations PADECI Support Project for Livestock Development in Côte d'Ivoire PAGDRH Support Programme for the Sustainable Management of Fishery Resources PAH Animal and Fisheries Production PAM World Food Program PAPAN Support Program for National Poultry Production PARFACI Support Project for the Revival of Agricultural Sectors in Côte d'Ivoire PEJEDEC Youth Employment and Skills Development Project PME Small and Medium-sized Enterprise PPAAO/WAAPP Agricultural Productivity Program in West Africa PPMS Project to support Small Vegetable Producers in the Savannah Regions PROFADEC Professional Orientation and Apprenticeship Training for Former soldiers Project PROPACOM Production and Marketing Support Project PRORIL Local Rice Promotion Project PV Crop Production Emergency Rehabilitation and Recovery Program for Rice Activities in the Tonkpi, PURRAR-TGC, Guemon and Cavally Regions REEA Identification of Farmers and Agricultural Enterprises RGPH General Population and Housing Census SAPAVIM-CI Autonomous Trade Union of Crops and Vegetable Producers in Côte d'Ivoire SCOOPS-AC Simplified Cooperative Society SMIG Inter-professional Guaranteed Minimum Wage SODERIZ Rice Development Company UACI Union of Poultry Farmers of UNEGABY Union of Cooperatives of Southern Pig Farmers

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1 : STUDY AREAS ...... 18 TABLE 2 : CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF PROMISING SECTORS BY AREA ...... 24 TABLE 3 : SAMPLE OF PERSONS INTERVIEWED ...... 28 TABLE 4 : PRIORITY SECTORS INVOLVING WOMEN IN THE PROJECT AREA ...... 30 TABLE 5 : LIST OF THE MAIN ACTORS OF THE DIFFERENT LINKS IN THE SECTORS BY AREA ...... 32 TABLE 6 : STRUCTURES AND ACTIONS TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SECTORS ...... 35 TABLE 7 : NATURE OF SUPPORTS/SERVICES OFFERED ...... 37 TABLE 8 : LIST OF BANKS AND FUNDING OF THE ECONOMY ...... 39 TABLE 9 : RESULT OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF SECTORS IN KORHOGO ...... 40 TABLE 10 : RESULT OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF SECTORS IN SINÉMATIALI ...... 41 TABLE 11 : RESULT OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF SECTORS IN BOUAKÉ ...... 42 TABLE 12 : RESULT OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF SECTORS IN MAN ...... 43 TABLE 13 : RESULT OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF SECTORS IN SIPILOU ...... 43 TABLE 14 : RESULT OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF SECTORS IN ABOBO ...... 44 TABLE 15 : RESULT OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF SECTORS IN SONGON ...... 45 TABLE 16 : SUMMARY RESULT OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF PROMISING SECTORS ...... 46 TABLE 17 : SOCIO-ECONOMIC CARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN FOOD CROP PRODUCERS IN THE STUDY AREAERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI. TABLE 18 : AREA EXPLOITED BY WOMEN ...... 48 TABLE 19 : SAMPLE OF LIVESTOCK FARMERS INTERVIEWED ...... 49 TABLE 20 : YEARS OF EXPERIENCE OF WOMEN LIVESTOCK FARMERS INTERVIEWED ...... 50 TABLE 21 : DATA ON SOME SOCO-ECONOMIC PARAMETERS ...... 50 TABLE 22 : LEGAL STATUS AND OWNERHIP TITLE OF CRAFTSMEN STRUCTURES IN THE STUDY AREA ...... 52 TABLE 23 : SOCIO-ECONOMIC CARACTÉRISTICS OF CRAFTSWOMEN ...... 52 TABLE 24 : SOME ECONOMIC DATA ON CRAFTSWOMEN’S ACTIVITIES ...... 53 TABLE 25 : SPECULATIONS SELECTED BY AREA ...... 67 TABLE 26 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR A PRODUCER OF ONE HECTARE OF RAINFED RICE ...... 67 TABLE 27 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR A PRODUCER OF ONE HECTARE OF CASSAVA ...... 68 TABLE 28 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR A PRODUCER OF ONE HECTARE OF TOMATOES ...... 68 TABLE 29 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR A RICE HUSKER ...... 69 TABLE 30 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR A CASSAVA PROCESSOR IN ATTIÉKÉ ...... 69 TABLE 31 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR A PADDY RICE WHOLESALER ...... 70 TABLE 32 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR A HUSKED RICE RETAILER ...... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI. TABLE 33 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR A CASSAVA WHOLESALER ...... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI. TABLE 34 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR A CASSAVA RETAILER ...... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI. TABLE 35 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR A TOMATO WHOLESALER ...... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI. TABLE 36 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR A TOMATO RETAILER ...... 72 TABLE 37 : ANIMAL SPECULATIONS RETAINED BY AREA ...... 92 TABLE 38 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR A BUNCH OF 1000 BROILERS ...... 93 TABLE 39 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR A BUNCH OF 1000 LAYING HENS ...... 93 TABLE 40 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR A CORE OF 30 ROOSTERS...... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI. TABLE 41 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR A FARM OF 10 SOWS + 1 BOAR ...... 94 TABLE 42 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR AN OWNER OF OVEN-ROASTED PORK PLACE ...... 95 TABLE 43 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR AN OWNER OF ROASTED CHICKEN PLACE ...... 95 TABLE 44 : LIST OF SELECTED SECTORS BY AREA ...... 107 TABLE 45 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR A SEAMSTRESS DURING LOW ACTIVITY PERIOD ...... 108 TABLE 46 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR A SEAMSTRESS DURING HIGH ACTIVITY PERIOD ...... 108 TABLE 47 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR A RESTAURANT OWNER ...... 109 TABLE 48 : OPERATING ACCOUNT FOR A PASTRY CHEF ...... 109

LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 : MAPPING OF ACTORS IN THE CASSAVA SECTOR ...... 56 FIGURE 2 : MAPPING OF ACTORS IN THE RICE SECTOR ...... 57 FIGURE 3 : MAPPING OF ACTORS IN THE TOMATO SECTOR ...... 58 FIGURE 4 : MAPPING OF VALUE CHAIN IN THE MODERN POULTRY SECTOR ...... 73 FIGURE 5 : RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRODUCERS AND OTHER PRODUCTION ACTORS ...... 76 FIGURE 6 : RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRODUCERS AND OTHER PRODUCTION ACTORS ...... ERREUR ! SIGNET NON DEFINI. FIGURE 7 : RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACTORS INVOLVED IN MARETING ...... 84 FIGURE 8 : MAPPING OF VALUE CHAIN OF STANDARD-WEIGHT PIG SECTOR...... 87 FIGURE 9 : RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRODUCERS AND PIG PRODUCTION ACTORS ...... 89 FIGURE 10 : RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACTORS INVOLVED IN MARKETING ...... 90 FIGURE 11 : MAPPING OF ACTORS IN THE SEWING SECTOR ...... 96 FIGURE 12 : MAPPING OF ACTORS IN THE CATERING SECTOR ...... 97 FIGURE 13 : MAPPING OF ACTORS IN THE HAIDRESSING SECTOR ...... 98 FIGURE 14 : MAPPING OF ACTORS IN THE PASTRY SECTOR ...... 99

Summary

Crop production in Côte d'Ivoire is "mainly" provided by women and represents about 70% of agricultural value added. In business activity, women outnumber men. Despite all this, women derive lower resources from all their efforts than men do. To reduce this vulnerability, CARE has initiated the "Women's Empowerment and Business Development" project. The project intend to focus its efforts on a limited number of promising sectors to which it will provide more targeted and in-depth support to facilitate sustainable change among women and enable them to move from a development category to a higher level. The study of sectors or activities is an exhaustive analysis of six (6) main agricultural and non-agricultural sectors in the project area. With the help of precise arguments and supported by an economic analysis, it is necessary to propose the list of promising sectors and relevant information likely to help the effective management of the project. All eight (8) areas identified with CARE are in the administrative regions of Poro, Gbêkê, Tonkpi and Abidjan District and cover the commune or in some cases the sub-prefecture of Korhogo, Sinématiali, Bouaké, Brobo, Man, Sipilou, Abobo and Songon

 Methodology

The methodology used by ANADER to achieve the objectives and the expected results consisted in :  Making an inventory of the first 12 agricultural and non-agricultural sectors involving women with the support of the institutional actors in each locality.  Establishing a matrix of indicators based on all ten (10) selection criteria established by CARE  Collecting data from identified targets,  Evaluating, after analysis, all twelve (12) agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, using scores assigned to the selected criteria  Identifying all six (6) promising sectors by Area.

 Prioritization of promising sectors or activities by Area

The prioritization of promising sectors or activities by Area led to the following results

Songon Abobo Sipilou Man Bouaké Sinématiali Korhogo Traditional Traditional Modern Poultry Modern Poultry Rice Rice Cassava Poultry Poultry Cassava Cassava Cassava Cassava Trading Tomatoes Welding Pig Rabbit Plantain Modern Poultry Tomatoes Onion Pig Modern / Tomatoes Sewing Traditional Pig Poultry Rice Sewing Poultry Catering Pastry Hairdressing Hairdressing Rice Solder Hairdressing Okra Hairdressing Catering Sewing Hairdressing Sewing Modern Poultry

The analysis of the main actors in the value chains of the different sectors identified in the areas surveyed enabled to know the role of women in each sector of activity and to characterize them according to the activity implemented.

 Socio-economic characteristics of women farmers

The analysis of the survey data in the study area revealed that:  At the socio-economic level o 70% of women food crop producers have no education level. o More than 95% of these women have never received training in the sector of activity they work in o 90% hoard their earnings and do not have an account in a financial institution despite the turnover they achieve at the end of these activities.

 In terms of the area of crop grown by women

o The size of women's farms remains relatively small. o The manual nature of women's activity, and the fact that labor is increasingly scarce and expensive, are among the main causes of the small size of women's farms. o The fact that most of these women's activity is financed from their own resources and that they are not trained and monitored. o The perishability of products linked to the narrowness of local markets should also not be neglected when explaining the size of farms.

 Socio-economic characteristics of women livestock farmers

It is clear from the data collected that:  13.5% of women farmers interviewed received training in livestock farming,  24.3% are affiliated to an organization in its sector,  94.6% finance their activities from their own funds,  35.1% are visited by supervisors

 Socio-economic characteristics of craftswomen

It appears that:  97% of craftsmen work in the informal sector  70% of craftswomen are out of school.  93.10% do not belong to any organization.  85% of them have not received any certified training during progression.

 Mapping and description of value chains in the crop production sectors

Analysis at the macro level shows that several entities ensure the governance of the sectors and that there is a set of regulatory texts affecting the activities of the various actors in the sector. These regulations are not strictly implemented in the field, which leads to many conflicts.

At the meso level, there are also several laws and regulations that promote the formation of several types OPAs/groups whose viability leaves something to be desired. This weakens OPAs that have conflicting interests and are unable to offer a program of goods and services tailored to their needs. In addition, there are many administrative challenges. For each sector or activity, the actors at the micro level were described. This description has taken into account the links between production, processing and marketing.

Main actors of the production link in the crop sectors

Two groups of suppliers (authorized and non-authorized) of inputs exist at the level of crop sector concerning fertilizers, seeds, pesticides and agricultural equipment. Rice producers are found in almost all villages in the project and adopt three extensive growing systems (i) upland (rainfed) rice, (ii) lowland rice, and (iii) irrigated rice because of the high cost of basic certified seed, the vast majority use good to sow. Although dominated by men, women play a key role in rice growing. They also own their own farms, which are generally of small size. The majority of these rice producers benefit from technical support. Cassava producers are predominantly women. Men help with site preparation work (weeding, clearing, etc.) and are also involved in harvest. In the regions visited, there are producer associations that can be formal or informal. These associations can also take the form of inter-professional associations or platforms by integrating other actors in the processing and marketing links. Informal or formal groups can bring together up to 100 women. However, in reality, there are usually only about 20 of them who are really active.

Women who grow two (2) varieties, one of which is called local or African and the other exotic or European, dominate the production link of the tomato sector. Tomatoes are grown in rural, urban and peri-urban areas. In traditional or semi-modern cropping systems, producers keep no accounting. Tomato customers are mainly wholesalers and factory workers.

 Main actors of the processing link in the crop sectors After the dissolution of the large rice processing factories, the current husking factories are traditional but they process almost all the paddy produced in milled rice. These husking units are most often owned by private individuals (the vast majority of whom are men) and are supplied by local producers, OPAs, wholesalers or semi-wholesalers. Women mainly process cassava into placali and Attiéké individually or in groups. Either private individuals or groups own the motorized crushers used, which in most cases receive them as donations from development partners. After crushing, the process of transforming the dough into Attiéké can be family, cooperative or entrepreneurial, traditional, semi-industrial or industrial.

As regards tomatoes, the processing system remains traditional in the project areas where they are cited as a promising sector. Processing units are generally located in markets and women working on this link bring the product to be processed.

 Main actors of the marketing link in the crop sectors Marketing of the agricultural products analyzed (paddy rice, cassava, tomato) is still informal. While men are of significant importance in the trade of rice, this is not the case in the trade of cassava and its derivatives. For cassava and tomatoes, women are almost entirely responsible for marketing. In the central part of the country (Bouaké), forms of collective organization are more developed than in the western (Man) or northern (Korhogo) regions. Sales prices are very unstable and subject to the law of supply and demand. The actors involved in marketing are:  Wholesalers or semi-wholesalers: These large rural traders manage part of the local market through their control over the sector. They temporarily employ collecting agents and have storage facilities and sometimes means of transport. This organization gives them a great deal of speculative capacity.  Retail sellers: rural traders, usually women, carry out fresh rice and cassava trade locally produced. These local traders often have few financial resources, which forces them quickly to put the product back on the market without any real possibility of speculation. For placali and Attiéké, retail sellers obtain their supplies from processing units or wholesalers. They buy bags from 120 to 140 kg (for placali) and 40 kg bags or baskets for Attiéké to repackage them in bags or by ball.

 Analysis of the operating accounts of the cassava, rice and tomato sectors

The operating account for the producer link of one hectare of rainfed rice shows that this sector is very unprofitable with a monthly net income that varies between 12,867 and 17,467 CFA francs. Cassava sector is profitable in its production component, but tomato producer produces very high monthly net income compared to other speculations (rice and cassava). The processing link in the rice sector is fairly well paid compared to the production link. The processing of fresh cassava dough into Attiéké is more beneficial than the crushing processing and production links. Rice trade is also promising but does not generate as much margin as processing In the cassava sector, traders generally have good monthly income. In the tomato sector, compared to the production link, the commercial link (particularly that of wholesalers) generates the highest monthly margin.

 Mapping and description of value chains in the animal production sectors Laws and Regulations have been enacted by the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire to create the conditions for economic activities. This applies in particular to livestock activities, laws and decrees on rural land in general, the creation of livestock holdings, approval, and manufacture of livestock feed and professional agricultural organizations. However, these regulations are not always implemented in the field. At the meso level, there are several structures for the management of animal production sectors. As regard the poultry and pig sectors, in addition to the large number of producer organizations, two (2) inter-

professional organizations (IPRAVI and INTERPORCI) and four (4) umbrella organizations that defend the interests of all two (2) sectors.

Main actors of the production link in the animal production sectors

Animal productions selected for this study are (i) modern chicken poultry farming, (ii) traditional chicken poultry farming and (iii) standard-weight pig/pork butcher. There are two (2) groups of actors at the production level:  Direct actors: these are mainly livestock producers or farmers who conduct activities on their farms. Women are present in livestock farming even if their numbers remain low. In modern poultry, two types of producers are distinguished according to the rhythm of their production (poultry farmers producing continuously throughout the year and seasonal farmers). For traditional poultry, this group of actors is made up of hut farmers characterized by a low production. The cities of Abidjan and Man are all two (2) main centers of standard-weight pig production in Côte d'Ivoire and include the large numbers of livestock farmers.  Indirect actors: they are composed of several types of actors providing services, management structures, financing or financial support, state structures or development partners, etc. They support the production.

Main actors of processing link in the animal production sectors

Processing takes into account all the process from slaughter to final packaging. To date, the processing activity of modern poultry and standard-weight pig in the project areas is marginal or even non-existent. Processing is organized around small, low-capacity units in urban centers that fry or braise chicken or pork meat. In the Project Area, FIRCA has intervened on several occasions alongside pig producers by facilitating the creation of outlets for pork meat sales in Man, Bouaké and Abidjan. The women who cook the pork meat («oven-roasted pork») mainly hold these points. There is a private industrial slaughter unit for modern poultry and a modern public pig slaughterhouse in Abidjan that provide the modern distribution network around Abidjan and within the country. These networks (processed meats) provide a wide range of poultry and pig products. In this study, the processing link analysis did not take into account processed meat units because this type of unit could not be identified in the study area.

Main actors of the marketing link in animal production sectors

The actors surveyed in this study are those from the permanent markets of poultry and live pigs. Live chickens, eggs and pigs are either sold directly to consumers or to intermediaries or retailers. The marketing of livestock production therefore involves a limited number of actors.  Transport

Natural or legal persons carry out the transport activity. The means of transport are not specifically dedicated to speculation. Transport is hampered by poor road conditions that cause recurrent vehicle breakdowns, which constitute high maintenance and repair costs. In addition, there are road worries that extend travel times, worsen product quality and increase shipping costs.

 Market channels

Poultry and pork market channels are informal. Modern poultry and pig farmers sell to wholesalers, retailers and consumers, but their main contact is still the wholesalers. Consumption Poultry and pork meat consumption is still low (1.99 kg/inhabitant/year for poultry and 0.5 kg/inhabitant/year for pork).

Analysis of the operating account in the animal production sectors

The analysis of the data from the operating accounts shows that the production link of all four (4) speculations is profitable. Producers earn monthly net income above the agricultural minimum wage. The net income for traditional poultry farming seems low, but in view of the low costs involved in this speculation, it generates very high profitability. The operating accounts of the processing link show significant positive results that make the sector profitable and attractive.

 Mapping and description of the value chains in the crafts sectors

The local governance of artisanal sectors in the project areas is very similar to that found at the national level. Very few regulations and are not very often rigorously applied in the field. This lack of knowledge exposes all customers to major risks, including health risks, and gives the crafts sector an informal character. This informal nature not only is related to non-compliance with standards, but it also affects the lack of control of the activity by the governance bodies and the fact that it is not really taken into account in the national economy.

Actors at the macro level

The main actors ensuring the governance and regulation of crafts in the project area are the Ministry of Crafts and the Ministry of Health (for activities related to human food)

Main actors at the meso level

The National Chamber of Commerce is the privileged contact of public and private authorities for questions relating to the life of crafts and small business enterprises. In all localities in the project area, hairstylists and seamstresses OPs were interviewed. On the other hand, in the localities we identified catering as a promising profession, no organization is identified. The restaurant owners we met did not have any information on the existence of any organization.

Main actors at the micro level

The analysis revealed:  Direct actors: these are hairstylists, seamstresses and restaurant owners  Indirect actors: a multitude of suppliers, specific or not to each business line have been identified.

 At the micro level, the characteristics of the actors involved reveal their informal nature and a lack of professionalism at all levels. Technical training in specialized centers almost non-existent and a large number of illiterate people. Their number is not controlled either at the local or national level.

Analysis of the operating accounts of the hairdressing, sewing and catering activities Craft activities are impacted by external factors that greatly influence the income of the actors. However, the monthly net incomes of the operating accounts show that the identified activities are profitable.

 Identification of promising links

Based on the rate of return, the links of the promising sectors have been classified. This ranking was established according to each administrative region.

Chapter 1 : Study area and context overview

1.1. Background and rationale of the study According to the reports, food crop production in Côte d'Ivoire accounts for about 70% of agricultural value added and has as its primary function to ensure food security. Women who are involved in the collection, storage, transport, conservation, processing, distribution and marketing of these food products «essentially» provide it. In trade activities, they outnumber men. These women remain vulnerable because they do not fully benefit from the resources generated and do not have the skills to undertake effectively. They mainly occupy this primary sector against a low representativeness in the secondary sector. According to a study by the National Population Office (BUNAP), the economic occupation of Ivorian women is marked by its diversity. They are mainly represented in rural areas as farmers and food producers. They occupy 55% of agricultural, fishing and livestock activities and represent 27.2% of commercial/sales staff and 5.6% of staff specialized in services. By initiating the «Women's Empowerment and Business Development» Project, CARE intend to address the following challenges: - Unavailability and inaccessibility of financial services and products adapted to the needs of small rural entrepreneurs; - Unequal access of women to the right to use or own land in rural areas - Lack of adequate sites for activities in peri-urban and urban areas (markets, shops) - Lack of financial education training and support mechanisms to manage relationships with formal financial institutions - Lack of inclusive space as an interface between women and local authorities - Lack of a framework for exchanges to allow women to share their experiences - Improving local governance with regard to the needs of women and girls involved in small and medium-sized enterprises - Lack of knowledge and skills in entrepreneurship among women and girls in rural and peri-urban areas - Absence or lack of access to market information, in particular local market information for locally produced agricultural crops.

To enhance its visibility, the project intends to focus its efforts on a limited number of promising sectors to which it will provide more targeted and in-depth support. This involves moving from general supports, such as entrepreneurship, accounting and management training, and to provide more technical supports that meet the specific needs of each sector of women entrepreneurs. This will facilitate sustainable change for women and allow them to move from a category of development to a higher stage. Thanks to this support, the target women will be able to achieve very specific and concrete results, such as the use of new production technologies or access to new traditional financial services. To this end, the preliminary study initiated by CARE is therefore the identification of all six (6) agricultural and non-agricultural sectors that support the project's intervention areas, namely Gbêkê, Tonpki, Poro and Abidjan district. The project plans to support the various links in the most promising sectors, i.e. those that are predominant in the project's area of action and have the best potential for development, profitability and structure.

It is therefore necessary, with the help of precise arguments and supported by an economic analysis, to propose the list of promising sectors and relevant information likely to help the effective management of the project.

1.1. Study area

 Target areas All eight (8) areas identified with CARE belong to the administrative regions of Poro, Gbêkê, Tonkpi and Abidjan District. They either cover the municipality or in some cases the sub-prefecture. In the ANADER nomenclature, these areas belong to five (5) ANADER zones. Table 1 : Study area Administrative regions concerned Target areas ANADER Zones Korhogo PORO Korhogo Sinématiali Bouaké GBEKE Bouaké Brobo Abobo AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT OF ABIDJAN Abidjan Songon Man Man TONKPI Sipilou Biankouma

The project's localities belong to all three (3) types of cities that cover the Ivorian territory, as a World Bank study shows:

 Large cities (Abidjan, San Pedro), have strong economic potential and offer an environment conducive to innovation  Regional cities (Bouaké, Korhogo, Man), which are essential for trade; connect the large Ivorian cities with other cities in West Africa.  Small towns (Sinématiali, Brobo, Sipilou), concentrate the core of agricultural production and play a crucial role in the country where the agricultural sector remains the main employer. However, it should be noted that the geographical limits of the study remain vague; sometimes we will talk about city, district, department or region.

 Demographic information

According to the RGPH 20141, the population of all six (6) sub-prefectures (Korhogo, Sinématiali, Bouaké, Brobo, Sipilou, Man and all two (2) cities (Abobo, Songon) of the project is estimated at 2,246,268 inhabitants and consists of about 49% women.

Data from the REEA2, show that the project's administrative regions have a total number of 226,567 households in which at least one member is involved in agricultural activity in the broad sense. 75.91 % of these agricultural households are located in rural areas and 24.09% in urban areas. Of these four regions, Abidjan District has the lowest number of agricultural households (1,499 urban agricultural households and 6,680 rural agricultural households).

1 General Population and Housing Census 2014 2 Identification of Farmers and Agricultural Enterprises 2015/2016 18

The region of TONKPI, on the other hand, has the largest number of agricultural households in the country with 106,469 agricultural households, including 83,809 rural agricultural households and 22,660 urban agricultural households. Socio-economic indicators show that, like the rest of the country, the project areas have an illiteracy rate that remains at a high level, even though areas such as Abidjan have about 30%. In the north in the Poro region, the illiteracy rate is 70.0%. The rate of illiterate women reaches 63% and is above the national average of 56.1%.  Agricultural activities in the study area Farm households in the project areas are interested in crop and livestock production. Nevertheless, as in most regions of Côte d'Ivoire, crop production (32.98%, including 24.70% for food crops) is the most common activity, followed by livestock (13.21%) and fishing (0.66%). Forestry (0.25%) and aquaculture (0.06%) are activities practiced to a lesser extent3. Due to the instability of the statistical parameters on annual crops, which constitute the main agricultural activity, the available data mainly concern perennial crops. However, it should be noted that food crop farms represent 58.6% of crop farms. The varied climate regime of the project areas favors the development of several plant and animal species. However, the climatic disturbances observed in recent years have increased the precariousness of rained agriculture, due to irregularity and inadequacy rains in many regions of the country.  Trade activities of agricultural and livestock products in the study area

Trade activities for agricultural and livestock products are generally developed in all project areas. Nevertheless, it is important to note that, depending on the level of urbanization and the location of the city in relation to the borders of Côte d'Ivoire, the intensity of commercial activity varies from one area to another. This is the case, for example, in the district of Abidjan, the cities of Bouaké, Korhogo and Sipilou. In addition, in order to facilitate sales and better negotiate the prices of their products, some producers and traders of agricultural and livestock products have decided to form OPAs, OPEs and professional trade organizations. In addition to these organizations, which could be characterized as wholesalers, there are other types of actors in the marketing channel, namely semi-wholesalers and retailers.  Craft activities in the study area (see annex)

As regard the craft sector, tourism (internal and external) and urbanization in cities such as Abidjan, Bouaké, Korhogo and Man promote the development of a multitude of services and crafts.

The craft sector is a strategic direction and a privileged field for the creation of tomorrow's businesses. Thus, the craft sector represents an economic sector in full evolution at the both in terms of jobs created and wealth produced, which integrate traditional expertise and technological developments.

In the project area, crafts have long played an important role in the socio-economic activities of the population, alongside agriculture, livestock, fishing and harvesting. It responds to a series of objective needs of communities, whether economic, domestic or religious. In recent years, thanks to its transversal nature and its opportunities to create jobs and generate income, the craft sector has proved to be a real springboard for the country's economic, social and cultural development for a very large segment of the population in these four (4) regions.

In addition, it should be noted that statistical data on crafts remain disparate, non-regular and not always available. Moreover, where information exists, it is partial, which limits the scope of analyses on women's socio-economic integration opportunities in the labor market in this sector.

Chapter 2 : Study Approach

2. This chapter summarizes the methodology used by ANADER to achieve the objectives and expected results. It successively presents the objectives and expected results of the study, the definitions of the key themes and concepts, the methods and tools, the steps and resources used.

2.1. Objective and expected outcomes of the study

 Objectives

The main objective in these sector studies is to make an exhaustive analysis of all six (6) main agricultural and non-agricultural sectors in the project area and to select all four (4o most promising sectors, i.e. predominant in the project area and presenting the best potential for development, profitability and formalization.  Expected outcomes The expected outcomes of this study are:  All six (6) promising sectors in all the target areas are identified, analyzed and then classified according to their importance in terms of opportunities for professionalization and increased productivity by women.  A mapping of the links in the value chains with great potential of professionalization and profitability opportunities for women is available.

2.2. Definition of the Concepts The concepts defined here are: Value chain, promising sector, agricultural production activities, small trade and service activities, crafts.  Value Chain

Value chain analysis aims to meet consumer demands and create value and profits through reducing production costs and inefficiencies in the system, improving product quality and manufacturing differentiated products with a market premium. Value chain analysis is therefore a fundamental tool for diagnosing competitive advantage or discovering ways to acquire and retain it. Value chain analysis consists in breaking down the company into strategically important activities to understand their impact on cost behavior and differentiation. Applied to a value chain, value chain analysis enables to become aware of the importance of coordination between the links in the value chain in order to obtain optimal value. All the links and actors that drive them are interdependent; hence, the importance of conducting a global diagnosis taking into account the different levels (micro, meso and macro).

At the agricultural sector level, the subject of this study, these links concern production, processing, marketing and consumption. Qualitative and quantitative indicators were used, whenever possible to better define the various points raised.

With regard to non-agricultural sectors, the analysis will focus on the trades identified with the support of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in order to describe them and identify the best potential for their development, profitability and formalization.

 Sector

The sector is a series of actions carried out, in parallel or complementary by actors to produce, process, sell and consume a product. This product can be agricultural, industrial, artistic, computer, etc.. These actions can be divided into large groups, systems, or links (production, processing, marketing, consumption).

 Promising sector

As part of the promotion of sectors, the term "promising" has an economic significance. A promising sector is then a sector that has the potential for economic development in relation to a market, or income generation. It is therefore not necessarily strategic or a priority. For the purposes of this study, any sector that is predominant in the project's area of action and has the best potential for development, profitability and structuring will be referred to as "promising".  Agricultural production activities

These are activities related to agriculture such as small food or market gardening, small livestock farming, etc. To carry out these trades, you must have an agricultural qualification or expertise.

 Small business and service activities

These activities are essentially characterized by the provision of products for trade and the technical or intellectual capacity of the promoter as part of the service. These are activities such as trade of agricultural and livestock products, fabrics, hairdressing, cleaning services, sewing, etc.

 Craft activities

The activity of the craft sector is any activity which mode of production, mainly manual, may include the use of mechanical, electrical or electromechanical machinery and tools belonging to one of the branches covered by the nomenclature of trades as determined by law. The following classification of actors will be distinguished: - Master craftsman: It is any craftsman who, in parallel to his activity, is considered capable of providing professional training to one or more people. - Craftsman: the craftsman is any natural person exercising an activity in the craft sector. The craftsman takes a personal part in the execution of his work and manages it. - Apprentice craftsman: any natural person without prior qualification placed with a master craftsman under an apprenticeship contract for training in the craft trade.

- Craftsman journeyman: this is any apprentice craftsman who has completed his apprenticeship period or any person who has a professional qualification in a craft activity and who, before setting up on his own account, lives with a master craftsman.

2.3. Methods used

 Identification of promising sectors Based on ANADER's interventions in each area on the one hand, and exchanges with institutional actors on the other, an inventory of economic activities involving women has been developed. For the identification of promising sectors in each region, the study team has: - Adopted a list of twelve (12) important sectors per area, i.e. four crop production sectors, four (4) animal and fish production sectors, and four craft sectors during the survey; - Established a matrix of indicators based on all ten (10) selection criteria adopted by CARE International; - Identified the targets to be interviewed and their number, - Developed data collection tools, - Processed and analyzed the data, then evaluated each of all twelve (12) speculations, using the scores assigned to the selected criteria. The "Scores Method" was used to evaluate the criteria. This consisted in assigning each criterion a score ranging from one to five (and this, by speculation and by region). The total points obtained for all the criteria enabled to rank and choose for each region, the first four (4) speculations that obtained the highest scores. The matrix below illustrates the approach used.

Table2 : Criteria for the selection of promising sector by area Level of achievement Information collected by sector and by area Criteria proposed by CARE of the

criterion (Scores) Criterion1 : Potentially significant Number of producers - Production volume demand and growing Purchase price level (mini, average, maxi) - Sale price level (mini, average, maxi) (1) Opinion of the actors interviewed on market needs. Criterion 2 : Number of families Proportion of households involved in the activity by area - Average number of persons per (1) involved in the sector household involved) - Opinions of the actors interviewed. List of jobs created - Opinion of the actors interviewed on the potential for jobs to be Criterion 3 : Capacity of the sector created. (1) to generate new jobs

Criterion 4 : The sector has an Data on the professional organizations operating in the sector - Operating account of the interesting and potentially various activities by link in the sector - Importance of labor in the cost structure – Role of (1) increasing added value women and remuneration received. Criterion 5: Possibility of Situation of training and advisory support actions for actors in the sector - Main constraints integrating technological to be addressed in the sector - existence or not of technical solutions to overcome these (1) innovations into the sector at a constraints. lower cost. Criterion 6: Ease in formalization Level of organization or structuring of the supply chain in takeover bids - Existence of a as a cooperative (1) framework for exchange around the supply chain - proportion of people affiliated to OPAs

Criterion 7 : Government priorities Existence of a national framework for the development of the sector Existence of a structure, and favorable business (1) projects and program for the development of the sector. environment

Criterion 8 :Importance of project Recognition of project investment actions in the area - Importance of investments in the sector (1) investments in the activity by the project.

Criterion9 : Possibility of List of donors who have financed the sector - Sectors of activity that have received donor (1) partnership with other donors support. Criterion10 : Multi-region Place of the sector in other parts of the country /point of the departments involved in culture (1) geographical coverage Criterion10 : Multi-region Place of the sector in other parts of the country /point of the departments involved in culture (1) geographical coverage Level of achievement of the criterion (Scores): 1=very low, 2=Low, 3=Medium, 4= fairly good, 5= Good

 Mapping of promising sectors and value-added chains (CVA)

From the results of the classification and the data collected two types of maps were developed: - Representation of the promising sectors on a map of Côte d'Ivoire - Representation of interactions between actors in each sector using CVA maps: this representation will specify the major actors and the relationships between them at the macro, meso and micro levels. It will also specify some data on the volume of transactions and typical operating accounts by activity. 2.4. Study implementation steps

The methodology used to conduct the mission is based on the following main steps: - Step 1: Mission preparation - Step 2: Data collection - Step 3: Processing, data analysis and report writing

 Step 1 : Mission preparation

During this phase, two start-up meetings were held with CARE, leading to :

 Identification of the localities of the project and the ANADER Zones involved..  Validation of the work plan proposed by ANADER;  Harmonizing the understanding of certain terms mentioned in the study's TDR;  During this step, based on the TOR, an analysis of the criteria proposed by CARE enabled to develop a series of questions that made that help us design a data collection tool for each actor. These tools were sent to CARE for validation before the collection began. All these collection tools are attached to this report.

 Step 2 : Data collection

The study on promising sectors and value chains in the regions of Gbêkê, Poro, Tonkpi and Abidjan district essentially focused on:  Document review;  Site data collection: it took into account both bibliographic and primary data in urban and rural areas. This approach enable to analyze the data collected and identify the links in all four (4) most promising sectors presenting the best potential for development and profitability.

a) Document review

The document research consisted in exploiting:  All documents related to the project area;  Information on promising sectors and activities implemented by women or archives of projects achieved or in progress;  Monographs, activity and specific study reports, and documentation received from the structures and actors visited. The use of these data contributed to treating the different themes addressed by the study and to describing the major agricultural and non-agricultural sectors by project area, and to making the choice of promising sectors according to the 10 criteria identified by CARE. It should be noted that this document research continued throughout the various steps of the mission. b) Site data collection

Depending on the information required, the data collection took place, either at the level of the regional capitals (which house most of the decentralized structures), or at the level of the cities capitals (or even sub-prefectures) and the surrounding villages. o Regional level :

At this level, they are institutions and resource people of the services of the Ministries (Agriculture, Animal Production, Women and Family, etc...), the structures in charge of agricultural advice and the professional organizations of stakeholders (Chamber of Commerce, Chamber of Agriculture) who have been interviewed.

. Consultation of institutional stakeholders in agricultural sectors The institutional stakeholders in the agricultural sectors are the structures that participate in the definition of agricultural policy or provide their expertise in the agricultural framework in each region of the project. It is about:  The regional and/or departmental directorates of the ministries in charge of agriculture and rural development, animal production and fishery resources and trade;  The regional and/or departmental directorates of the Consular Chambers (agriculture, commerce and industry);  Regional and/or departmental directorates of specialized structures (ANADER, OCPV, CNRA...). . Consultation of trade centers These centers are only present in the region capital. Thus, the working sessions were held with agents from the trade centers in Yopougon, Abobo, Bouaké, Man and Korhogo. During these sessions, the following were reviewed:  Organization mission and operation of the business center;  Conditions of access to the services offered by the center;  Projects and/or programs already implemented or in progress on women's empowerment;  Most practiced professions that offer the best potential for development, profitability and formalization for women;  Place of women in these professions.

o At the level of sub-prefectures, cities and villages

The sectors of activity and sectors consulted, during the data collection by the mission teams at the level of all eight (8) project areas, were identified after consultations with institutional stakeholders in the agricultural sectors and those of the chambers of Commerce. The following sub-sectors and sectors have been targeted:  Vegetables and food crop whose products are intended for consumption (rice, maize, manioc and vegetables);  Short-cycle livestock sectors with a production cycle of no more than 18 months (rabbit, sheep, goat, pig, poultry and fishing/fish farming);  Crafts sectors for which women are actors: car mechanics, ironwork, aluminum, traditional clothing, stitching and children clothes, catering, sculpture, hairdressing, dressmaking, building trade (carpenter, painter, electrician, etc.).  Marketing activities for various products (food products, clothing, and phyto products).

For each of these sectors of activity or group of sectors, the sessions highlighted the following points:  Organization of the sector : identification of actors, review of activities carried out at the level of production, processing and marketing, exchanges between actors, project implemented ;  Place in the local economy and potentiality ;  Place of young people and women ;  Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats ;  Supporting and favorable links in each sector of activity conducive to the socio-economic integration of women and the recommendation of the actors

The following table shows the number of actors to be surveyed in the different study areas at the micro level.

In general, the methodological approach used in this study favored a participatory approach. Thus, focus group was organized with women’s groups, platforms, cooperatives involved in production, processing and trade. Individuals were also interviewed.

Table3 : Sample of persons to be interviewed

Name of factsheet or guide Number of survey unit to be interviewed n° TOTAL Korhogo Sinématiali Bouaké Brobo Abobo Songon Man Sipilou 1 Craftsmen factsheet 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 480 2 Farmer factsheet 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 480 3 Identification of the OPs factsheet All OPs interviewed 0 4 PV producers factsheet 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 480 5 Discussion guide for craftsmen trader 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 224 6 Discussion guide for OP PV and PAH trader 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 80 7 Discussion guide for PV and PAH trader 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 256 8 Discussion guide for consumer / household 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 200 9 Discussion guide for craftsmen suppliers 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 224 10 Discussion guide for input supplier 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 256 11 Bank institution Guide 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24 12 Institutional guide for craftsmen See discussion guide 0 13 institutional guide for PV and PAH See discussion guide 0 14 Guide for craftsmen OP 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 80 15 OP guide for PV and PAH producer 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 80 16 OP guide for PV and PAH processor 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24 17 Women’s Organization Guide 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 80 18 Platform guide 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 40 19 Transport union guide 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24 20 Processor guide 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 128 21 Individual transport Guide 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 80

c) Processing, data analysis and report writing

Different types of analyses that could be grouped in two were conducted to meet the study’s expectations. These are qualitative and quantitative analyses with calculation / estimation of parameters or ratios.

The purpose of the qualitative analysis conducted is to take stock of the situation, explain the situations observed, analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats at the level of the various links or trades using the SWOT analysis tool. These analyses were carried out based on the results of interviews with the various actors and also using data from the document review. It also enabled to identify issues relating to the governance of the sectors through the use of existing regulatory texts and working documents available at the level of the structures visited. It was also based on diagrams from value chain methods.

As for the quantitative analysis, it was based on the results of surveys of producers, traders, consumers, craftsmen and master craftsmen, as well as on the figures provided in the literature. These results are indeed primary data from the survey. Also, these primary data were digitized using forms or input masks and then exported to calculation and statistical software (Excel 2013, SPSS 25) for analysis. The quantitative analysis therefore made it possible to estimate the values taken by the interest indicators, to quantify the physical flows, the prices of the products traded, to calculate the production costs and the margins of the actors, to construct graphs and to make the cartographic representations expected from the study. The writing of the draft report was the subject of a workshop at the ANADER training center in Kotobi.

a) Human resources used

A multidisciplinary team that mobilized ANADER agents at two levels conducted this study: At the central level, key staff were composed of:  2 rural economists;  2 specialists in agro-economics;  1 gender specialist; At the level of all four (4) ANADER Areas, were involved in the data collection phase:  4 specialists in Professional Organization;  4 specialists in livestock rearing ;  4 specialists in annual crop  13 basics agents (CA, ADR)

Chapter 3 : Study Results

3.1 Inventory and analysis of sectors by Area

3.1.1 List of identified sectors by study area Food crops play an important role in the cultural habits of the populations in the different regions of the study area. This is reflected in the existence of many cultivable areas and farms of rice, corn, cassava, banana, yam, dasheen (Taro) and vegetables. At the livestock level, short-cycle speculation is the most common from one region to another. Various trades in the field of crafts are practiced among which we have sewing, hairdressing, catering, food trade etc. Women are present at all levels of the supply chain. Table4 : Priority sectors involving women in the project area Areas Domain Sectors Crop production Corn, rice, onion, groundnut, gumbo, tomato, potato pepper, Animal and fish Cattle, sheep, pig, poultry, fish farming, beekeeping, rabbit, goat Korhogo production Food products, catering, sewing, hairdressing, metal and woodworking), bakery, motorcycle Crafts taxi, Crop production Lowland rice, corn, tomato, pepper, cabbage, eggplant, okra, onion Animal and fish Cattle, poultry, sheep, pig, goat beekeeping Sinématiali production Food products, hairdressing, catering, sewing Crafts carpentry (metal and wood), bakery, motorcycle taxi soldering, Cassava, yam, corn,, rice, tomato, banana, potato Crop production vegetables Animal and fish Cattle; modern poultry, pigs; aulacodiculture, sheep-goats, Bouaké production rabbit, beekeeping, Food products, sewing, weaving, catering, hairdressing,, carpentry, motorcycle and car Crafts mechanics, ironwork, plumbing Crop production Cassava, tomato, yam, marshes, corn, rice Animal and fish Modern poultry, cattle, sheep-goats, pigs, rabbits, beekeeping, aulacodiculture Brobo production Hairdressing, food products, catering, motorcycle and car electricity, carpentry, ironwork, Crafts plumbing, sewing, Crop production Rice, okra, okra, cassava, plantain, corn, eggplant, taro (dasheen) Animal and fish Traditional poultry, sheep; pigs, modern poultry, beef, goats, beekeeping Sipilou production Crafts Hairdressing, sewing, catering, pastry, food products, weaving Crop production Cassava, rice, corn, eggplant, plantain, yam, tomato; okra Animal and fish Traditional, poultry, modern poultry, pigs, sheep and goats, cattle, apiculture, Man production aulacodiculture Crafts Hairdressing, sewing, catering, pastry, weaving, food products Crop production Okra; leaves, vegetables, cassava, tomato, eggplant, banana, peanut Animal and fish Songon Traditional poultry, modern poultry, pigs, sheep and goats, rabbit, aulacodiculture production Crafts Hairdressing, sewing, catering, pastry, food products Crop production Cassava, corn, leafy vegetables, okra, pepper, eggplant, potato, banana Animal and fish Modern poultry, traditional poultry, rabbits, cattle, sheep and goats Abobo production Hairdressing, sewing, catering, pastry, food trade, motorcycle and motorcycle mechanic, Crafts electrician, plumbing

3.1.2 Main actors identified and involved in the development of target sectors in the project area

The main actors in the value chain of the different sectors identified in the areas surveyed are shown in the table below.

Table5 : List of the main actors of the different links in the sectors by area Institutional/Management Areas Production Actors Processing Actors Marketing Actors Consumption Actors Stakeholders DR MINADER; DR MIRAH ANADER; CNRA; Coffee-Cocoa Producers, Cooperative Societies, input Supermarkets, council (CCC) suppliers: DMG, CALLIVOIRE Wholesale traders, retailers, all police forces of the gendarmerie, Owners of processing units Korhogo ADRIZ (ONDR), OCPV SEMIVOIRE, OPs of traders; bars, customs, military BSO (Battalion for the

BVP, REGIONAL CHAMBER OF IVOGRAIN COTIVET, SHOPS OF supermarkets and restaurants Securing the West), school and university COMMERCE (CRMB) LEBANON AND OTHER PARTICULAR canteens, households REGIONAL COUNCIL Producers, Cooperative Societies, input Supermarkets, suppliers: DMG, SEMIVOROUS Wholesale traders, retailers, all police forces of the gendarmerie, DD MINADER; DD MIRAH Owners of processing units Sinématiali CALLIVORY, OPs of traders; bars, customs, military BSO (Battalion for ANADER; CNRA; IVOGRAIN COTIVET, SHOPS OF supermarkets and restaurants Securing the West), school and university LEBANON AND OTHER PARTICULAR canteens, households ANADER, MINADER, NATIONAL CHAMBER OF AGRICULTURE Producers, Cooperative Societies, input Supermarkets, ADRIZ (ONDR), OCPV Owners of processing units, suppliers: DMG, SEMIVOROUS Wholesale traders, retailers, all police forces of the gendarmerie, BVP, REGIONAL CHAMBER OF households, craftsmen (oven- Bouaké CALLIVORY, OPs of traders; bars, customs, military BSO (Battalion for securing TRADES (CRMB) roasted meat owners, women IVOGRAIN COTIVET SHOPS OF supermarkets and restaurants the West), school and university canteens, REGIONAL COUNCIL who smoke fish and meat) LEBANON AND OTHER PARTICULAR households MIARH, CNRA, TOWN HALL, CHAMBER OF COMMERCE Producers, Cooperative Societies, input Owners of processing units, CITY HALL, CHAMBER OF suppliers: DMG, SEMIVOROUS Wholesale traders, retailers, households, craftsmen (oven- Brobo COMMERCE, ANADER CALLIVORY, OPs of traders; bars, School and university canteens, households roasted meat owners, women IVOGRAIN COTIVETMAGASIN OF supermarkets and restaurants who smoke fish and meat) LEBANON AND OTHER PARTICULAR Producers, Cooperative Societies, input DD MINADER suppliers: DMG, SEMIVOROUS Wholesale traders, retailers, DD MIRAH Owners of processing units Sipilou CALLIVORY, OPs of traders; bars, Households, Army camps ANADER IVOGRAIN COTIVET SHOPS OF supermarkets and restaurants

LEBANON AND OTHER PARTICULAR

Institutional Actors / Areas Production Actors Processing Actors Marketing Actors Consumer Actors Management DD MINADER ; DD MIRAH Input suppliers OPs, Cooperative Owners of processing units, Wholesale traders, retailers, All police forces of the gendarmerie, ANADER ; CNRA ; Coffee-cocoa Societies World Food Program (WFP) households Traore Oumar traders' OPs; bars, customs, military BSO (Battalion for council (CCC) ; International Rescue Oumar Dioulabougou district. supermarkets and restaurants Securing the West), school and university Committee (IRC, National Office for Koné Mamadou SODECI district, canteens, Man rice production Development Mrs Adou Kogouin district; Diko Households (ONDR) ; National Center for Issiaka Thérèse district, SIDIBE Agricultural Research (CNRA) ; Kadi commune of Logoualé, OCPV DD MINADER ; DD MIRAH Input suppliers OPs, Cooperative Owners of processing units, Wholesale traders, retailers, Households, Army camps ANADER ; CNRA ; Coffee-cocoa Societies, United Nations system households, artisans (oven- traders' POs; bars, Songon Council (CCC) ; OCPV roasted owners, women who supermarkets and restaurants smoke fish and meat) DD MINADER ; DD MIRAH Input suppliers OPs, Cooperative Owners of processing units, Wholesale traders, retailers, All police forces of the gendarmerie, ANADER ; CNRA ; Coffee-cocoa Societies, United Nations system households, artisans (oven- traders' POs; bars, customs, military BSO (Battalion for Abobo Council (CCC) ; OCPV roasted owners, women who supermarkets and restaurants Securing the West), school and university smoke fish and meat) canteens, Households

3.1.1 Women’s role in the sectors

In Côte d'Ivoire, women play an important role in the sectors, especially in crop production, especially vegetables and food crop production, in crafts and animal and fishery production. At the producer level, the workforce is essentially family-based, with work divided between men, women and children. Man's work generally consists of clearing, slaughtering, burning, pouring, fencing against animals and building storage barns. Woman's work consists of sowing, weeding, harvesting, transporting, storing, managing the attic and processing. As for children, according to their age and sex, they help men or women. The average number of agricultural workers per farm is four (4) and working groups or self- support groups are a form of community work in villages. They are organized by people of different ages but in a rotating way. Each member is responsible for bringing food and drink to the group that has come to help them. In recent years, in the areas of Abidjan, Bouaké, Man and Korhogo, the enthusiasm for livestock farming has been such that all species, from ruminants to off-ground animals, pigs, goats and poultry (traditional meat, layers, chickens), have been the focus of livestock farming. In the regions visited, certain types of livestock farming are reserved for women (traditional poultry, pig runners, etc.). Women are present at all levels of the value chain. They are very involved in the production, processing and marketing of livestock products. Crafts is highly developed in the regions of GBEKE, PORO, TONKPI and Abidjan District, but it remains a largely informal activity. It is focused on pottery, traditional sewing, hairdressing, catering, trade in agricultural products, cosmetics; women dominate many activities in these different sectors. However, there is a series of trades where women are poorly represented. These include carpentry, soldering, car and motorcycle mechanics, plumbing, masonry, electricity, etc.)

3.1.1 Actions to support the development of sectors The different sectors studied benefit from the support of the different actors without them being part of a concerted and planned framework. This support is provided by the decentralized and specialized structures of the State through projects and programs or through spontaneous support. The table below provides an overview of the support recorded in each sector in each of all eight (8) areas of the study.

Tablea6 : Structures and actions to support the development of sectors

SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGISTERED SECTORS BETWEEN 2016 Areas Domain AND 2018 - State institution/governance: MINADER Trade support structures: ANADER, CNRA, AFRICARICE, AEJ, OCPV, - National Chamber of Agriculture Crop production - Federation : FENASCOVICI, ANAVI-CI, SAPAVIM-CI - Number of OPEs identified : 8 - Projects/Programs: WAAPP/PPAAO, PROPACOM, PUAPV, C2D Youth Employment, PARFACI, FAFCI, PPMS Korhogo and - State institution/governance: MIRAH Sinématiali - Financing structures: FIRCA, AFD - Technical and trade support structures: ANADER, CNRA, AEJ Animal and fishery - Federation: FENACOFBVI - CI, INTERPORCI, FENACUCI, ANAVICI production - Number of OPEs identified: 9 - Projects/Programs: PADECI, PAGDRH, WAAPP/PPAAO, C2D Youth Employment - State institution/governance: Ministry of Trade and Crafts - Financing structures: FAPA Crafts - Technical and trade support structures: National Chamber of Trades - Federation: FENAPCI, FEDACI - State institution/governance: MINADER - Financing structures: FIRCA, AFD, AFDB, IFAD, JICA - Technical and trade support structures: ANADER, CNRA, CSRS, AFRICARICE, AEJ, OCPV Crop production - Federation: FENASCOVICI, ANAVI-CI, SAPAVIM-CI - Number of OPEs identified: 32 - Projects/Programs: WAAPP/PPAAO, PROPACOM, PUAPV, C2D Youth Employment, PARFACI, FAFCI, PRORIL, DONATA, PPMS - State institution/governance: MIRAH Bouaké and - Financing structures: FIRCA, AFD Brobo - Technical and trade support structures: ANADER, CNRA, AEJ Animal and fishery - Federation: FENACOFBVI - CI, INTERPORCI, FENACUCI, ANAVICI production - Number of OPEs identified: 3 - Projects/Programs: PADECI, PAGDRH, WAAPP/PPAAO, C2D Youth Employment -State institution/governance: Ministry of Commerce and Crafts - Financing structures: FAPA Crafts - Technical and trade support structures: National Chamber of Trades - Federation: FENAPCI, FEDACI State institution/governance: MINADER - Financing structures:: FIRCA, BAD, AFD,FIDA, BOAD Sipilou and - Technical and trade support structures: ANADER, CNRA, AFRICARICE, Crop production Man AEJ, OCPV - Federation : FENASCOVICI, ANAVI-CI, SAPAVIM-CI - Number of OPEs identified: 21

- Projects/Programs: WAAPP/PPAAO, PROPACOM-OUEST, PUAPV, C2D Youth Employment,, PARFACI, FAFCI, BAD-OUEST, PURRAR-TGC - State institution/governance: MIRAH - Financing structures:: FIRCA, AFD, BAD - Technical and trade support structures: ANADER, CNRA, AEJ Animal and fishery - Federation : FENACOFBVI – CI, INTERPORCI, FENACUCI, ANAVICI production Number of OPEs identified: 5 Projects/Programs: PADECI, PAGDRH, WAAPP/PPAAO, C2D Youth Employment, BAD-Livestock Phase II - State institution/governance: Ministry of Trade and Crafts - Financing structures::FAPA Crafts - Technical and trade support structures :National Chamber of Commerce- Federation : FENAPCI, FEDACI State institution/governance: MINADER - Financing structures: FIRCA, AFDB, AFD, IFAD - Technical and trade support structures: ANADER, CNRA, CSRS, AFRICARICE, AEJ, OCPV Crop production - Federation: FENASCOVICI, ANAVI-CI, SAPAVIM-CI - Number of OPEs identified: 6 - Projects/Programs: WAAPP/PPAAO, PUAPV, C2D Youth Employment, PARFACI, FAFCI Abobo and - State institution/governance: MIRAH Songon - Financing structures: FIRCA, AFD - Technical and trade support structures: ANADER, CNRA, AEJ Animal and fishery - Federation : FENACOFBVI - CI, INTERPORCI, FENACUCI, ANAVICI production - Number of OPEs identified: 5 - Projects/Programs: PADECI, PAGDRH, WAAPP/PPAAO, C2D Youth Employment - State institution/governance: Ministry of Trade and Crafts - Financing structures: FAPA Crafts - Technical and trade support structures: National Chamber of Commerce - Federation: FENAPCI, FEDACI

In all the areas covered by the study, the crop production sector benefits more from the action of different stakeholders. The domain of animal and fishery production comes in second place in terms of organization and the sector of crafts at the end of the ranking.

Table 7 : Nature of supports / services offered by structures

PROJETS/ PROGRAMS INPUTS/ SERVICES TERMS OF ACCESS PROPACOM, - Crop producers - Support for the structuring of the environment Production and Trade Support - Residing in Ex-CNO areas - Counseling support on production and trade Project - Producer groups - Supply of cassava cuttings and other Inputs

- Vegetables - Counseling support for production and support PARFACI, Support Project for - Residing in the Regions of Belier, Gbeke, for the structuring of the environment the Revival of Agricultural Sectors Gontougo, Poro and Tchologo - vegetables marketing in Côte d'Ivoire (C2D-PARFACI) - Producer groups (OPs) - Supply of vegetable seeds and other inputs

- Support for the structuring of the environment - Counseling Support for the production and Vegetable/Crop producers PUAPV, Emergency Food trade of crops - Residing in Côte d'Ivoire Production Support Project - Supply of seeds, cassava cuttings, banana, - Producer groups (OPs) and other inputs - Improvement of lowlands - Support for training - Being women FAFCI, Support Fund for Women - Support for project financing - Women's group in Côte d'Ivoire - Post training follow-up - Have a project - Supervised credit - Residing in Côte d'Ivoire - Out of school youth AEJ, Youth Employment - Installation, financing and supervision of - Young graduates unemployed Agency sheep, goat, pig and poultry farmers - Being Ivorian - Residing in Côte d'Ivoire - Support for training - Being women - Support for project financing - Women's group MINADER Women's Fund - Post training follow-up - Have a project - Supervised credit - Residing in Côte d'Ivoire - Out-of-school youth - Support for the structuring of the environment - Young graduates unemployed - Support for the production and trade of crops - Producer /rice Agriculture Council of - Support for training - Residing in Côte d'Ivoire ANADER - Post training follow-up - Women's/men's group - Supervised credit - Professional Organizations (OPs)

- Young graduates unemployed - Support for the structuring of the environment - Producer /rice - Counseling support on the production and PURRAR-TGC - Residing in Côte d'Ivoire trade of rice - Women's/men's group - Provision of improved seeds, and other inputs - Professional Organizations (OPs) - improvement of the lowlands - Residing in the Tonkpi and Cavally Regions - Farmers, PADECI, Support Project for Financing and supervision of cattle, sheep, - Youth, women, Livestock Development in Côte goat, pig and poultry farmers. - Professional Farmers Organizations (OPE) d'Ivoire (PADECI) - Operators in the livestock sector. (Table 7)

PROJECTS/ PROGRAMS INPUTS/ SERVICES TERMS OF ACCESS - Fight against the worst forms of child labor in cocoa - Populations affected by the crisis, CARITAS, sector - Residing along the border of Côte d'Ivoire - Assistance and emergency with Liberia,

- Support for the implementation of a project on food security, water, hygiene and sanitation, community health, - Protection and education for crisis-affected populations along Côte d'Ivoire's border with Liberia, - Reintegration of Ivorian repatriates; - Most vulnerable social groups in general, - Women and children in particular CARE International - Support for the women’s empowerment - Population

- Works in the field of health, protection, education and social cohesion. -Most vulnerable social layers in general, Africa Women Welfare -Ensure respect for the rights of women and children; - Women and children in particular Committee (AWECO), - Assist in the primary needs of women and children; - Population -Establish prevention mechanisms through awareness raising, training and capacity building. -Intervenes in the areas of health, HIV/AIDS, -Most vulnerable social layers in general, African Development Initiative protection, gender-based violence, - Women and children in particular (IDE-AFRICA) - Income Generating Activities (agriculture), - Population - Literacy and nutrition

3.1.1 Professional Organizations The region of PORO, GBEKE, TONKPI and ABIDJAN District has a large number of professional organizations operating in the sector of agricultural production, livestock, sewing, hairdressing, welding, weaving and transport. These OPs are organized either as Cooperative Societies or as a Union of Cooperative Societies, as innovation platforms or as a federation, including:  Fashion Designers Association  Welders' Association  Cooperative weaving company  Fashion Designers Union  Cooperative companies for the production of agricultural products  Poultry farmers' cooperatives  Transporters' unions  Platforms.

The objective of these OPs is to defend the members' corporate interests, promote mutual assistance, solidarity between them and group purchases. Indeed, there is no approved price for products in the same sector. Each member in the OP sets its prices according to negotiations with the customer. The various organizations have not yet met the expectations of their members; expectations that generally relate to obtain financing and opportunities. Market research and financing always remain a real constraint for members who carry out their activities under their own resources.

At the organizations level Professional organizations, even if they are registered with the competent authority, have a relatively low level of organization. Interviews with OP managers indicate that the low level of organization is mainly due to:

 Low level of motivation of members  Little interest for members in the association  Insufficient support and supervision  Insufficient training in the management of organizations and the exercise of their professions  Infrequency of funding and restrictive access conditions  However, some of them are distinguished by the quality of the organization and the commitment of their leaders. At this level, animal production chains register more structured organizations 3.1.2 Banks and other financing structures In most regions covered by the study, there is a Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) agency in the regional capitals; in addition to this, there are commercial banks and other financial institutions. The following table shows a non-exhaustive list of financial institutions in each of the project areas. Table 8 : List of banks and microfinances AREAS BANKS MICROFINANCES MONEY TRANSFERT Western Union, Money gram, SGBCI, SIB, BACI, BIAO, BHCI, NSIA Bank, Wari, RIA, CELPAID CASH BICICI, BOAD, BNI, BANK OF AFRICA, COOPEC, ADVANS, KORHOGO EXPRESS FIDRA UBA, CORIS BANK, DIAMOND BANK, CECP, etc. Orange Money, MTN Mobile ECOBANK, ETC. Money, Flooz Orange Money, MTN Mobile SINEMATIALI - COOPEC, Money, Flooz Western Union, Money gram, SGBCI, SIB, BACI, BIAO, BHCI, NSIA Bank, COOPEC, ADVANS, Wari, RIA, CELPAID CASH BOUAKE BICICI, BOAD, BNI, BANK OF AFRICA, CECP FIDRA EXPRESS Orange Money, MTN UBA, CORIS BANK, DIAMOND BANK, ETC. etc. Mobile Money, Flooz Orange Money, MTN Mobile BROBO - COOPEC, Money, Flooz Orange Money, MTN Mobile SIPILOU - COOPEC3 Money, Flooz SGBCI, SIB, BACI, BIAO, BHCI, NSIA Bank, COOPEC, ADVANS, Western Union, Money gram, BICICI, BNI BANK OF AFRICA, VERSUS MAN MIRCOCRED CECP, Wari, RIA, CELPAID CASH BANK, UBA, CORIS BANK, DIAMOND BROMALAH, etc. EXPRESS FIDRA BANK, ECOBANK, ETC. COOPEC, ADVANS, Orange Money, MTN Mobile SONGON - CECP Money, Flooz SGBCI, SIB, BACI, BIAO, BHCI, NSIA Bank, COOPEC, ADVANS, Western Union, Money gram, BICICI, BOAD, BNI, BANK OF AFRICA, ABOBO CECP Wari, RIA, CELPAID CASH VERSUS BANK, UBA, CORIS BANK, FIDRA, etc. EXPRESS FIDRA DIAMOND BANK, ECOBANK, ETC. Source: Study data Financial institutions and microfinances in particular have as one of their missions to help disadvantaged or low-income segments of the population to benefit from financial support in order to ensure their care. In addition, their mission is to increase the rate of account penetration and popularize electronic money. In general, the products offered to clients by these financial institutions are access to the opening of

3 The Structure exists but is not functional. 39

current accounts, savings accounts, access to credit, school loans and even insurance products in certain micro-finance institutions. In the primary sector, the role of banks and microfinance is to finance the agricultural and livestock projects of the actors in this sector (Producers, livestock farmers, OPAs, and OPEs) even if, at the microfinance level, loan conditions are more adapted and accessible to these actors. Nevertheless, in order to benefit from these services, the applicant must have an account in the said financial institution and then transactions must be made on this account for at least a period of three months. In addition, the major difficulty faced by these financial institutions in the primary sector (particularly livestock and agriculture) is the non-repayment of loans by some clients. 3.2 Prioritization of promising sectors by area

Matrices below present the average scores obtained by speculation and by criterion evaluated. The last line of the table ranks the sectors in order of importance based on the total scores obtained. For this summation of scores, all criteria were assigned a coefficient 1. Table 9 : Result of the classification of sectors in Korhogo PV PAH CRAFTS Pepp Metal CRITERIA Cor Peanut Traditiona Rab Modern Solderi Sewin Hairdres Rice er Pig joinery n s l poultry bit poultry ng g sing and wood C1 4 4 4 3 4 5 3 3 3 3 4 4 C2 5 4 3 3 3 5 2 3 3 3 3 3 C3 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 4 3 3 4 C4 2 2 3 4 4 3 2 3 4 4 3 3 C5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 4 C6 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 C7 2 5 1 1 4 4 1 3 3 3 3 2 C8 2 3 1 1 2 3 1 3 4 4 3 2 C9 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 C10 3 2 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 TOTAL 28 31 26 26 32 36 22 31 34 31 33 32 Rank 6 5 4 1 5 2 5 3 4

The sectors listed below are at the top of the list. They have the advantage of combining a number of criteria that have earned them a place in the ranking. These are: 1. Traditional poultry 2. Soldering process 3. Pig 4. Sewing 5. Hairdressing 6. Modern poultry These sectors represent, for the most part, a large number of farmers and significant opportunities to create jobs for women, young people and girls in particular. The activities in these sectors do not require a lot of start-up investment. They are carried out throughout the region of Korhogo area and beyond. They benefit from the local availability of inputs and other services necessary for their implementation. Potential markets exist for these sectors. These markets could be improved and satisfied if the development actions initiated by the State are developed (IFEF/sewing, literacy…).

Table 10 : Result of the classification of sectors in Sinématiali PV PAH CRAFTS Traditional Metal CRITERIA Onion Tomato Rice BF Corn Pig poultry Soldering joinery and Sewing Hairdressing wood C1 4 4 4 5 4 4 3 3 4 4 C2 4 4 4 5 2 5 3 3 3 3 C3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 C4 3 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 3 3 C5 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 2 3 4 C6 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 C7 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 C8 3 3 4 2 3 3 4 4 3 2 C9 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 C10 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 Scores 34 35 34 31 31 37 34 31 33 32 Rank 3 2 3 1 3 4

At the level of the Sinématiali region, the sectors selected at the end of the prioritization are: 1. Traditional poultry 2. Tomatoes 3. Onion 4. Rice 5. Soldering process 6. Sewing There are several reasons in favor of these ranks: - Projects such as: ADCVI (Association for the Development of Intensive Food Crops), PARFACI (Support Project for the Revival of Agricultural Sectors in Côte d'Ivoire), PUAPV (Urgency Support Program for crops production) have been conducted in the area. The objective was to develop food crops and vegetables production on innovative developed sites such as the Drip Irrigation System as part of the ADCVI project. - Traditional poultry is implemented throughout the area. It involves all households. This activity can be initiated with a summary investment. The actors benefit from the supervision of the management structures through the dismemberments of the MIRAH. - Areas cultivated are large and the market exists locally because most of the production is sold on the local market. - Rivers and labor are assets. There are also producer organizations (crops and vegetable producer groups).

Table11 : Result of the classification of sectors in Bouaké PV PAH CRAFTS CRITERIA Cassav Aulaco Hairdre Electrici Tomato Yam Rice Poultry Pig Rabbit Trade Sewing a de ssing ty C1 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 C2 5 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 5 3 3 2 C3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 4 2 4 3 C4 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 C5 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 4 2 3 2 C6 4 3 2 3 3 3 1 1 4 3 3 2 C7 5 4 2 5 3 3 1 1 3 2 2 3 C8 4 2 1 4 3 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 C9 4 3 1 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 C10 4 3 3 2 5 2 2 2 5 4 4 4 Scores 39 32 23 32 31 28 18 18 36 26 30 28 Rank 1 3 3 4 6 2 5

At the level of Bouaké, the analysis of the sectors enables to retain the following six first: 1. Cassava 2. Trade 3. Tomatoes (because they are more practiced by women than rice) 4. Rice 5. Modern poultry 6. Hairdressing

Indeed, Bouaké and Botro represent a strong production area for cassava, tomatoes, rice and poultry. Almost all localities in the area are affected. These sectors benefit from the support of the State through projects (PUAPV (Cassava), PURAR (Development in Bagoué), PRORIL, construction of the inflatable weir in M'Bahiakro, construction of a weir in Sangafori; establishment of a rice husking unit (Exil Bank)...) and major investments including the development of many lowlands and the introduction of innovations (new varieties). There is also a strong mobilization of young people and women in these sectors. The margins that can be achieved in these sectors are significant (see operating account). They could be optimized under better conditions for activities implementation.

Table 12 : Result of the classification of sectors in Man PV PAH CRAFTS Traditional Modern Sheep Hairdressi CRITERIA Cassava Rice Corn Eggplant Pig Sewing Catering Pastry poultry poultry and goat ng C1 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 3 5 4 4 3 C2 4 5 4 3 5 2 4 3 4 4 3 2 C3 5 5 4 4 3 5 5 3 5 4 5 4 C4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 5 4 C5 5 5 4 3 4 5 4 3 3 4 3 4 C6 5 5 3 3 3 5 5 3 4 4 5 5 C7 5 5 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 C8 4 5 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 C9 4 5 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 5 3 C10 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 4 4 4 4 Scores 45 49 38 36 37 43 42 31 39 38 40 35 Rank 2 1 3 4 6 7 5

In Man, the analysis of the sectors enables to select the following six first sectors: 1. Rice 2. Cassava 3. Modern Poultry 4. Pig 5. Catering 6. Hairdressing

Indeed, Man represents a strong development area for these sectors; almost all the localities in the area are concerned. These sectors benefit from the support of the State, through projects (PUAPV (Cassava), PURAR -TGC, PROPACOM OUEST (Rice, Cassava), and the establishment of rice husking units and major investments, particularly the development of many lowlands and the introduction of innovations (new varieties) with ADERIZ. Young people and women are also involved and earn substantial incomes.

Table13 : Result of the classification of sectors in Sipilou PV PAH CRAFTS Traditio cassav Modern Haidres Caterin CRITERIA Rice Gombo plantain nal Sheep Pig Sewing Pastry a poultry sing g poultry C1 5 4 4 5 5 3 3 3 5 4 3 2 C2 3 3 4 5 5 4 3 3 5 4 4 3 C3 5 3 5 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 3 C4 5 3 5 5 4 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 C5 5 4 5 5 3 3 4 5 5 4 4 5 C6 5 3 4 4 3 4 4 5 3 3 4 4 C7 5 3 5 5 3 3 4 5 4 4 3 2 C8 5 3 5 5 2 3 4 5 3 2 3 5 C9 5 2 5 4 3 3 4 5 3 3 5 5 C10 5 5 4 4 5 6 4 5 5 5 5 5 Scores 48 33 46 46 38 36 37 46 42 38 40 39 Rank 1 2 2 2 4 5 6

At the level of Sipilou, the following sectors have been prioritized : 1. Rice 2. Cassava 3. Plantain 4. Modern poultry 5. Hairdressing 6. Catering There are several reasons in favor of these ranks: As part of the projects of ADCVI (Association for the Development of Intensive Food Crops), PARFACI (Support Project for the Revival of Agricultural Sectors in Côte d'Ivoire), PUAPV (Urgency Support Program for food crop Production), some actors in these sectors have received various forms of support (training and counseling support, structuring in OPA, development of production sites, inputs and equipment). Modern and traditional poultry are implemented. In general, while traditional poultry involves most households, modern poultry is mainly in the cities. Farmers benefit from the supervision of MIRAH structures and ANADER agents. The natural potential (climate, watercourses, and land availability) and producer organizations (groups of crops and vegetable producers) are assets that favor these choices.

Table14 : Result of the classification of sectors in Abobo PV PAH CRAFTS Leaves Modern Tradition Hairdress Cassava Corn vegetabl Okra Rabbit Cattle Sewing Catering Pastry poultry al poultry ing CRITERIA es C1 5 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 C2 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 2 3 4 3 4 C3 4 3 3 3 5 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 C4 5 3 3 4 5 4 4 2 3 3 1 4 C5 5 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 C6 4 3 3 3 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 C7 5 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 C8 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 C9 5 4 3 3 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 C10 4 5 5 5 5 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 Scores 44 34 34 35 46 34 36 34 35 36 33 36 Rank 2 6 6 5 1 3rd 7 5 3rd 3rd

In Abobo, the priority sectors in terms of the criteria are: 1. Modern poultry 2. Cassava 3. Pastry (because it is more practiced by women than sewing and rabbit farming) 4. Sewing (because it is more practiced by women than rabbit farming) 5. Rabbit 6. Hairdressing There are several reasons in favor of these ranks:

Modern poultry and rabbit farming are practiced in the vicinity of Abidjan due to the high demand for meat (beef, poultry, rabbit) in the city of Abidjan. These activities involve enough households. Support is provided by various structures: traditional counseling structures, food manufacturers/suppliers, veterinary product suppliers, livestock farmers' networks, NGOs. As for cassava, demand remains strong because it is used to produce Attiéké and placali, two dishes that are highly prized by the population in the Abidjan district. Today, cassava is one of the most widely grown crops in the villages of the district. They play a key role in the entire value chain from production to the marketing of finished products.

Projects such as WAAPP, FAO, PARFACI, PUAPV were implemented in the areas. As regard sewing, hairdressing and pastry, they also remain flourishing activities for a metropolis like Abidjan. They are dominated by women. Although government action remains weak, there is a regulatory framework for the implementation of these crafts. A Ministry of supervision and a National Center for Crafts and Trades exist and take actions in favor of the promotion of these trades. Table15 : Result of the classification of sectors in Songon

PV PAH CRAFTS Leaves Traditio Cassav Modern Sheep Hairdres CRITERIA Okra vegetabl Tomato nal Pig Sewing Catering Pastry a poultry and goat sing es poultry C1 5 4 5 5 4 5 4 3 4 4 4 5 C2 4 4 4 3 3 5 4 3 3 3 4 3 C3 3 3 5 3 3 5 4 3 4 4 4 4 C4 3 3 4 5 4 5 4 3 3 3 4 3 C5 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 4 3 3 4 4 C6 3 3 4 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 C7 3 3 4 3 3 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 C8 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 C9 3 3 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 C10 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 Scores 37 36 44 40 35 49 40 34 35 35 39 36 Rank 5 6 2 3 1 3 4 6

In the area of Songon, the prioritization gave the following channels: 1. Cassava 2. Tomatoes (because it is more practiced by women than pig) 3. Pig 4. Catering 5. Okra Arguments in favor of these choices are almost identical to those of Abobo.

Table16 : Summary result of the classification of promising sectors Ranking in Crop production Animal and fishery Crafts order of production importance Product Number of Product Number of Product Number of times times times 1st Cassava ++++++ traditional ++++ Sewing ++++ poultry 2nd Rice +++++ modern ++++ Hairdressing ++++ poultry 3rd Tomato +++ Pig +++ Soldering ++ 4th Banana + Cattle + Catering ++ 5th Onion + Rabbit ++ Trade + 6th Okra + Pastry +

Referring to the number of times that speculation appears among the choices by area, the most cited products are: 1. Cassava 2. Rice 3. Tomatoes 4. Traditional poultry 5. Modern poultry 6. Pig 7. Sewing (including traditional and children's clothing) 8. Hairdressing 9. Catering These products are found in almost all eight (8) areas of study and all of them involve women. They are followed by Banana, rabbit and soldering, the degree of development of which differs greatly from one area to another.

3.3 Analysis of socio-economic data from the survey in the study area

3.3.1 At the level of women food crop producers

 Socio-economic characteristics

Table 17 shows that 70% of women food crop producers have no education. In many cases, they work in associations, but they are weakly structured and not always recognized by the authority. More than 95% of these women have never received training in the trade. Despite the turnover they achieve at the end of these activities, 90% hoard their earnings and do not have an account in a financial institution. Table17 : Socio-economic characteristics of women food crop producers in the study area Modality Valid Percentage (%) Marital status Married 56.6 Single 38.9 Widow 4.4 Total 100.0 Level of education None 69.4 Primary 18.9 Secondary 10.8 Koranic 0.9 Total 100.0 State of affiliation to OPA Affiliated to OPA 65.2 Not affiliated to OPA 34.8 Total 100.0 Have a bank account Have an account 10.6 Does not have an account 89.4 Total 100.0 Beneficiary of agricultural training Once trained 4.4 Never trained 95.6 Total 100.0

To increase the activity of these women, emphasis should be placed on: - Functional literacy - Training on technical itineraries, management, familiarization with financial products, - Importance of organization and guidance of OPAs so that women can really benefit from them.

 Area of crop grown by women

From one area to another, the main crops grown by women are:  Vegetables: Tomato, cabbage, okra, beans, leafy vegetables, onion, chili, peanut, eggplant, , cucumber, spinach, potato leaves  Food crops: cassava, rice, yam, plantain, corn, potato However, the importance of crops varies from one area to another depending on the climate, soil and relief

Table 18 : Areas exploited by women interviewed in the project area

Regions Crops Maximum (in ha) Average (in ha) Abidjan District CASSAVA 2.00 0.50 TOMATO 0.50 0.15 Gbêkê CASSAVA 1.00 0.25 TOMATO 0.50 0.02 RICE 0.50 0.25 Poro TOMATO 0.25 0.01 RICE 1.00 0.05 Tonkpi CASSAVA 1.50 0.25 RICE 1.50 0.25

It emerges from this table that the size of the farms of the women interviewed in the study remains rather small. It is higher for cassava and corn where the average is one (1) ha and rarely exceeds two (2) ha. For rice, the average area is 0.75 ha. As regards vegetables in general, the areas are included between 0.05ha and 0.5ha. The largest areas are used for eggplant and okra. The manual nature of women's activity, and the fact that labor is increasingly scarce and expensive, are among the main causes of the small size of women's farms. To this should be added the household expenses, although the relationship between marital status and the size of the farm is not clearly established. There is also the fact that most of these women's activity is financed from their own resources and that they are not trained and monitored. The perishability of products linked to the narrowness of local markets should also not be neglected when explaining the size of farms.

A sustainable improvement in incomes of these women requires a review of the operating system, taking into account labor, training and financing constraints. Emphasis should be placed on the availability of selected seeds and plant material, fertilizers and pesticides appropriate for the speculations being exploited. It is therefore important to work to reduce the hardship of work and make job opportunities more attractive.

3.3.2 At the level of women livestock farmers

 Sample of livestock farmers interviewed

The livestock farms commonly implemented in the project area are: traditional poultry, modern poultry (meat and layers), pigs, sheep and goats, rabbits. The table below shows the sample of farmers interviewed with each type of farm as their first or second activity. Table 19 : Sample of livestock farmers interviewed Number of famers interviewed % CATTLE 11 4.93% RABBIT 13 5.83% SHEEP 32 14.35% PIG 62 27.80% AFRICAN CHICKEN 41 18.39% BROILER CHICKEN 61 27.35% LAYING HENS 3 1.35% TOTAL 223 100.00%

In this sample, women hold less than 20% (37 farmers). The most dominant farms among these women are successively broiler chicken, African chicken, pig, rabbit and sheep. In these farms, women are the main owners. 75% are in couple. The remaining 25% are either single or widow.

 Socio-economic characteristics of women livestock farmers

Almost all farms are not legal entities and they are not registered. However, there is a tendency to integrate existing organizations at the professional level. It is clear from Table 20 below that: - Only 13.5% of women farmers interviewed received training in animal farming, - 24.3% are affiliated to an organization in its sector, - 29.7% have a bank account, - 94.6% finance their activities from their own resources, - 35.1% are visited by supervisors - 40.5% keep records on the management of their farms. However, these trends differ from one type of farming to another. In terms of experience, for example, it varies between 3 and 20 years. The table below gives an overview of these years.

Table 20 : Years of experience of women farmers interviewed Minimum Maximum Average SHEEP 3 28 11.67 PIG 1 20 6.13 AFRICAN CHICKEN 1 11 6.18 BROILER CHICKEN 2 7 4.08

Table 21 : Data on some socio-economic parameters Variables assessed Frequency Percentage YES 5 13.5 FARMING TRAINING BENEFITS NO 32 86.5 Total 37 100.0 Yes 9 24.3 BELONG TO AN OPE OR A KEY No 28 75.7 NETWORK Total 37 100.0 Yes 11 29.7 HAVE A BANK ACCOUNT No 26 70.3 Total 37 100.0 Own resources 35 94.6 Loan 1 2.7 FINANCING METHOD Donation 1 2.7 Total 37 100.0 Yes 13 35.1 RECEIVE SUPPORT No 24 64.9 Total 37 100.0 Farm food 20 55.6 Industrial food 10 27.8 TYPE OF FOOD USED Others 6 16.7 Total 36 100.0 Yes 15 40.5 CALCULATE THEIR No 22 59.5 PRODUCTIONS COSTS Total 37 100.0

Modern poultry farming case

Training in livestock farming Only 13.5% of women producers received specialized training in the technical itinerary for modern poultry production. They have acquired a solid technicality following many years of experience. However, this "mechanical" technicality is still not without blame. Land acquisition mode In general, women interviewed are owners of land. About a third of them rent their production site Size of poultry farms Modern poultry farms in all four (4) administrative regions selected belong mainly to natural persons. These farms are small in relation to their livestock population, which does not exceed 1,000 animals. However, in the regions of Abidjan and Bouaké there are real industrial farms with SME status.

At the level of natural persons, the gender distribution shows that modern livestock farming remains a male-dominated activity. However, the data collected show that the women interviewed generally own the farm.

Source of financing for poultry farms Modern poultry farmers in the regions of Korhogo and Man financed 100% of their activity from their own resources. In Abidjan and Bouaké, 10 to 20% say they started their activity with a bank loan. Modern Ivorian poultry farming has no real financial support like most agricultural speculation.

Official recognition of farms Poultry farms are registered neither with the MIRAH nor with the support services. Technical support Only 35% of the registered poultry farmers receive visits from structures specializing in the technical support of livestock farmers, while more than 86% of them are not trained on the technical route. Belonging to an organization When women are interviewed on their membership of a livestock organization, more than 75% of them answered that they are not members of a Professional Livestock Organization (OPE). They are individual farmers for the most part and who have almost no market power. The sections of two networks are met in the field but the women producers are unaware of their activities. Type of Food In order to reduce production costs, modern poultry farmers use complete farm feeding stuff and/or a mixture of industrial farm feeding stuff.

Economic monitoring The economic monitoring of livestock farms is important to assess farm costs and income. According to the data collected, about 60% of women do not calculate their production costs

Traditional poultry farming Case

These animals of local breeds (often mixed with imported breeds) are characterized by their adaptation to the environment. It is generally a "gathering" farm with very low input levels. Animals are left at liberty the day in or around the buildings and returned in the evening. Animals feed on kitchen waste, crop residues, insects, some wild seeds and grasses. The poor quality of the feed is partly responsible for the long breeding period The production levels of this livestock is relatively low. In general, productivity, expressed as the number of edible chickens per hen per year, is less than two (2) due to a high loss of chicks (diseases, predators, crushing, etc.). It is an important source of animal protein that must be enhanced by increasing its level of productivity. Almost no traditional women poultry farmers have received any training. Women mainly implement traditional poultry farming with female reproductive nuclei ranging from 5 to 10 hens. This is mainly concentrated in rural areas in the regions of Poro and Gbêkê. All the production units encountered were built on own resources. No OPs of traditional poultry producers are known or have been interviewed.

3.3.3 At the level of craftswomen

The mission focused on a set of characteristics of craftsmanship, including the legal status of the structures, the ownership title, and the socio-economic characteristics of the activity.

Table 22 : Legal status and ownership title of craftsmen structures in the study area Characteristics Number of craftsmen Percentage

Civil status of Individual 234 96.69% craftsmen structures Corporate 8 3.31% Total 242 100.0 Craftsmen Master craftsman 173 72.08% structures owners Craftsman 67 27.92% status Total 240 100.0

It emerges from this table that nearly 97% of structures are not incorporated as a company with a regularly declared corporate name. These craftsmen therefore mainly work in the informal sector. The owners are either master craftsmen (72.08%) or craftsmen (27.92%). Is the informal nature of the activity not an obstacle to its development? At least an obstacle to the sustainable partnerships development? The table below provides an overview of some of the characteristics of these craft workers. Indeed, by focusing attention on women craft workers we note: - Illiteracy rate of craftswomen is much lower than that of men and women in general, but remains high. This is of 31%. It is an illustration that handicrafts is one of the sectors that welcomes women who had dropped out of school. About 70% of women craft workers had dropped out of school. - They have fairly diversified marital situations: married (29.9%), single (41.4%), concubines (25.3%), widows (2.3%), divorced (1.1%). Most singles are young people looking for a first husband. - They are not affiliated to professional organizations of a cooperative society type because 93.10% do not belong to any organization. They work alone in their workshops with 1 to 4 permanent and casual employees, and sometimes with apprentices or trainees. - They operate on own funds and are hardly financed by a bank or a third party. As a result, the size of the institutions remains very small. Apart from the professional training received by a few (13.79%) before their installation, more than 85% of them did not benefit from any certified training during their career. - They aspire to become more professional: about 25% have a bank account and 27% are developing an initiative to record data from their activities in documents whose quality and maintenance need to be improved.

Table23 : Socio-economic characteristics of craftswomen Characteristics Modalities Number of craftswomen Percentage Level of education Not educated 54 31.0 Primary 65 37.4 Secondary 49 28.2 High school 6 3.4 Total 174 100.0 Marital status Married 52 29.9

Single 72 41.4 Widow 4 2.3 In couple 44 25.3 Divorced 2 1.1 Total 174 100.0 .Member of a Yes 12 6.90% professional No 162 93.10% organization Total 174 100.00% Activity financing sources Own resources 108 95.6 Loan 1 9 Donation 4 3.5 Total 113 100.0 Crafts training Yes 24 13.79% beneficiaries No 150 86.21% Total 174 100.00% Craftswomen who have a Yes 43 24.71% bank accounts No 130 74.71% Total 174 100.00% Craftswomen who have Yes 48 27.91% data register No 124 72.09% Total 172 100.00%

Table 24 : Some economic data on craftswomen’s activities Activity Years of experience Average number of Average monthly customer per week income Hairdressing 9 13 75,000 Sewing 11 7 52,000 Trade 10 28 41,000 Catering 7 127 53,400 Pastry 11 27 76,000 Food products 14 10 17,000 Sale of doughnut 4 126 46,000 Sale of juice 3 50 52,500 Sale of braid and condiment 7 300 67,000

Activities ranked as handicrafts and implemented by women in the study area consist mainly of hairdressing, sewing, petty trade and catering (small bars and restaurant, pastry, food sales, donut sales, juice sales, bread and condiments). The above table shows that these activities are housed at different levels of wealth from one area to another. Indeed, it is clear that the women interviewed have been carrying out these activities for years. On average 9 years for hairdressing, 11 years for sewing, 10 years for trade, 7 years for restaurants, 11 years for pastry, 14 years for food products, 4 years for doughnut sales, 3 years for juice sales, and 7 years for bread and condiments sales. They are therefore real social integration activities.

These activities drive the local economy as evidenced by the number of clients recorded per week and the daily lives of households. In many cases, they partially or totally involve household members.

They provide the women who lead them with average monthly incomes that sometimes go beyond the minimum wage, not to mention the remuneration in kind that could benefit the members of the promoters' families. Based on the statements of the interviewees, the highest monthly income is obtained from pastry (76,000CFA F) and hairdressing (75,000 CFA F), followed respectively by the sale of bread and condiments (67,000 CFA F), restaurant (53,400), the sale of juice (52,500), sewing (52,000), the sale of donuts (46,000), trade (41,000), food products (17,000) During the mission, and in view of the above, an action to support women craft workers is very beneficial. This should focus on several aspects, in this case: - Raising awareness on savings and its place in strengthening activities, - Training in management and implementation of appropriate management tools, - Craftsmen formalization who employ and generate a minimum turnover capable to ensure regular operation, - Support for the development of professional projects for the development of activities - Support for banking and the development of trust relationships with micro-finance institutions in their areas of activity - Development of a follow-up-coaching action for the development of management consulting.

3.3.4 Age group of the actors met

Based on the survey sheets filled in with individual actors, the age groups of the actors met are presented in the following table. Table 25 : Age group of actors met District/Department Area of activity Promising sector age group Cassava 28 to 61 years old Food crop production Tomato 41 to 61 years old Poultry 27 to 69 years old ABIDJAN Animal production Pig 31 to 56 years old (SONGON AND Hairdressing 17 to 49 years old ABOBO) Sewing 25 to 43 years old Crafts Catering 30 to 49 years old Pastry 29 to 51 years old

Table 26 : Age group of actors met (continuation and end) District/Department Area of activity Promising sector Age group Cassava 43 to 71 years old Food crop production Tomato 29 to 65 years old Rice 34 to 59 years old BOUAKE AND Poultry 22 to 51 years old Animal production BROBO Pig 30 to 46 years old Hairdressing 24 to 55 years old Crafts Sewing 25 to 53 years old Trade 26 to 52 years old Rice 29 to 59 years old Food crop production Tomato 29 to 48 years old KORHOGO AND Poultry 28 to 42 years old Animal production SINEMATIALI Pig 35 to 49 years old Hairdressing 19 to 60 years old Crafts Sewing 17 to 40 years old Cassava 30 to 69 years old Food crop production Rice 30 to 65 years old Poultry 30 to 53 years old Animal production Pig 35 to 63 years old MAN AND SIPILOU Hairdressing 21 to 38 years old Sewing 20 to 39 years old Crafts Catering 20 to 51 years old Pastry 30 to 42 years old Source : Study survey sheet, 2018

In general, the actors met in non-agricultural activities (crafts) are in younger age groups than those in agricultural activities.

3.4 Mapping and description of the value chains of promising crop production by area 3.4.1 Mapping of actors in the cassava, rice and tomato sectors in the study area

Figure 1 : Mapping of actors in the cassava sector

SUPPLY PRODUCTION COLLECT AND PROCESSING RETAIL SALE CONSUMPTION WHOLESALE

MEN AND 100% W MOSTLY W MOSTLY W MOSTLY M WOMEN H RESTAURANT OWNERS

PROCESSORS OF WHOLESALE INPUTS PRODUCERS ATTIEKE OR RS/ TRADE RETAILERS CONSUMERS SUPPLIERS /OPA PLACALI/PROCESSOR ORG. ORG.

DISSEMINATION RESEARCH CENTER TRADE SUPPORT SERVICES : OCPV (CNRA/CSRS) SERVICES (ANADER/NGO)

FINANCING : FIRCA VALUE CHAIN OF CASSAVA56 IN CI DEVEL. STRATEGY : MINAGRI DEVEL. STRATEGY. : MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND CRAFTS

Figure 2 : Mapping of actors in the rice sector

COLLECT AND SUPPLY PRODUCTION PROCESSING RETAIL SALE CONSUMPTION WHOLESALE

MEN AND ETUVAGE SURTOUT F MOSTLY M MOSTLY M SURTOUT F MOSTLY M WOMEN DECORTICAGE SURTOUT H MOSTLY M

RESTAURANT OWNERS

WHOLESALE BAKING, HUSKING INPUTS CONSUMERS PRODUCERS RS / TRADE PROCESSORS /PROCESS. SUPPLIERS /OPA ORG. ORG.

SEMI- RETAILERS WHOLESALERS/ TRADE ORG.

RESEARCH CENTER DISSEMINANTON TRADE SUPPORT SERVICES : OCPV OF (CNRA/AFRICA SERVICES RICE) (ANADER/ADERIZ)

FINANCING : FIRCA

DEVEL. STRATEGY : MINAGRI DEVEL STRATEGY. : MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND CRAFTS

Figure 3 : Figure 4 : Mapping of actors in the tomato sector

COLLECT AND SUPPLY PRODUCTION PROCESSING RETAIL SALE CONSUMPTION WHOLESALE

MOSTLY MOSTLY W MOSTLY M MOSTLY W MOSTLY W CORPORATE

RESTAURANT OWNERS

WHOLESALE INPUTS PRODUCERS /O FACTORY RS/ TRADE RETAILERS CONSUMERS SUPLLIERS PA WORKERS ORG.

SEMI-WHOLESALE/ SALES ORG.

DISSEMINATION RESEARCH CENTER TRADE SUPPORT SERVICE : OCPV (CNRA) SERVICES (ANADER/NGO)

FINANCEMENT : FIRCA

STRATEGIE DEVEL. : MINAGRI MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND CRAFTS

3.4.2 Analysis of the mapping and relationships between actors involved in the cassava, rice and tomato sectors

3.4.2.1 Structures to support the development of sectors

 CNRA

The National Center for Agricultural Research (CNRA) created in April 1998 as an alternative to former research structures (IDESSA, IDEFOR) thanks to the implementation of CASA and PASA. The mission of the CNRA is to initiate and execute research programs aimed at ensuring in particular: - Improving the productivity of export crops and food crops; - Intensification and stabilization of agricultural and livestock production systems; - Promotion of technologies for the packaging and processing of products adapted to the rural environment.

Since the creation of the CNRA, all food crops, including vegetables where the sanitary aspect is a concern, have been the subject of major research programs, both in terms of access, improvement and dissemination of varieties and in the development of high-performance production systems. At the level of the Cassava and Rice sectors in particular, the WAAPP/PPAAO program to research and discover new selected varieties of cassava and rice funded the CNRA.  ANADER

Created on 29 SEPTEMBER 1993 by Decree in the form of a semi-public company, ANADER has since 1998 become a Public Limited Company with the following mission: - Promote the professionalism of agricultural producers, - Promote increased productivity, quality and income through the improvement of the technical skills of agricultural producers, - Promote the development of agricultural cooperatives and producer associations, - Conduct studies of agricultural projects, - Develop the autonomy of farms through self-promotion, - Conduct all studies or work at the request of clients (State, Producers, OPA, National or International Private Institutions), - Implement all rural development programs or projects entrusted to it by the State, - Sensitize public authorities on issues related to the promotion of the rural world (training, rural credit, rural development, land security, etc.). It has national coverage with headquarters in ABIDJAN, 6 Regional Directorates (ABIDJAN, ABENGOUROU, BOUAKE, DALOA, MAN, and KORHOGO), 57 operational entities called ''Zones'' which cover the entire national territory and 05 training centers. With regard to the cassava, rice and tomato sectors, ANADER is responsible for implementing the technical aspects of the specific WAAPP/PPAAO, PROPACOM and PUAPV projects, which consist in providing technical support to producers and OPAs by disseminating good agricultural practices with a view to improving farming techniques and increasing productivity.

 OCPV

The support office for food product marketing (OCPV) was created by Decree 84-934 of 27 July 1984, amended by Decree 92-14 of 8 January 1992. This National Public Institution of an administrative nature, under the supervision of the Ministry of Commerce, has the mission of providing multifaceted assistance to operators with a view to improving the distribution and marketing of food products. Its missions are as follows:

- Modernize the marketing of food crops by leaving the effective distribution of these products to private initiative; - Contribute to the organization of actors, namely farmers organizations, traders and processors associations, structured wholesale markets - Ensure regular contacts to ensure a proper distribution of supply and demand on Ivorian territory. - participate in improving the supply and distribution of food products; - Support operators and promote the popularization and promotion of food products. It operates in the following four areas: - Information management and dissemination; this involves collecting and processing all economic and trade data on food crops; - Promotion of infrastructure; the OCPV acts as prime contractor for the establishment of the national wholesale markets network; - Transaction support; this support includes the training and organization of professional production and marketing operators; - Logistical assistance; the OCPV invests in the search for outlets and markets for food export operators, in raising awareness among operators to join forces and in establishing business relations between operators. The OCPV has therefore been collecting and processing weekly data on food markets for many years, including tomato, rice and cassava markets. These data are currently compiled in a weekly publication called "Crop chronicle" and distributed by email. In addition, the OCPV wishes to redeploy its information dissemination network in order to reach a larger number of actors in the food crop sector.

 CSRS

The Swiss Centre for Scientific Research in Côte d'Ivoire (CSRS) is a public research institution under the dual supervision of the Swiss Government (through the Leading House, the Swiss Tropical Institute) and the Ivorian Government (through the General Office for Research). It has devoted a significant part of his research to the development and adaptation of improved cassava varieties in Côte d'Ivoire.  ADERIZ (Ex ONDR)

The Agency for the Development of the Rice Sector in Côte d'Ivoire (ADERIZ Ex ONDR) is a State Executing Agency with private administrative and financial management. It was created by Decree 2018- 10 of 10 January 2018. Its objective is to provide coordinated support to actors directly or indirectly involved in the rice sector to create the conditions for sustainable development of the sector in order to achieve and manage rice self-sufficiency. The mission of ADERIZ is to design and propose rice policy guidelines to meet the consumption needs of the population through national production and thus contribute to food security. To this end, ADERIZ is responsible for:

- Organize the consultation framework for rice sector actors; - Regulate national rice production, imports and exports; - Support the rice production system; - Develop and implement a sustainable and sustainable mechanism for seed production and dissemination; - Coordinate and monitor investments in rice infrastructure, including the rehabilitation of developed sites and the development of hydro-agricultural facilities; - Develop and manage an information system on the rice sector; - Develop a mechanism to secure land tenure for the sites developed and to be developed; - Provide support for the mechanization of rice cultivation; - Strengthen rice research and agricultural advice; - Support the transfer of rice technology; - Promote the processing and marketing of local rice; - Label and promote local rice.

 AFRICARICE

Created in 1971 by 11 African states, the Africa Rice Center (Africa Rice Center), the Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice) is a leading Panafrican research organization working to improving livelihoods in Africa through effective science and partnerships. AfricaRice is a Research Center of CGIAR – a global agricultural research partnership for a hunger-free future and currently has 27 member countries covering the West, Central, and East and North African regions. Its mission is to contribute to poverty reduction and food security in Africa through research, development and partnerships aimed at increasing the productivity and profitability of the rice sector in order to ensure the sustainability of the production environment. Its headquarters are located in Côte d'Ivoire.  FIRCA

Created in December 2002, FIRCA provides funding for programs in the crop, forest and livestock production sectors, in particular for:  Agricultural and forestry research,  Conduct of experiments and demonstrations for the transmission of knowledge between research and exploitation,  Technological research for the improvement of agricultural and processed products,  Dissemination of knowledge through information, demonstration, training, technical and economic advice,  Conduct of studies, experimentation and expertise,  Support for the sustainable improvement of the economic profitability of farms,  Capacity building of OPAs,  Professional training for producers, managers of OPAs and their staff. Its intervention in the field is done through service providers it recruits. The main program managed by FIRCA and integrating actions targeting the rice and cassava sectors is the Agricultural Productivity in West Africa Program (PPAAO/WAAPP) financed by the World Bank, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the West and Central African Council for Agricultural Research and Development (CORAF), whose component is coordinated by FIRCA.

At the level of vegetable and tomato sectors, we can notice a lack of reliable structures through which FIRCA could organize the mobilization of resources to finance counseling support dedicated to this sector. Consequently, the programs relating to the activities of the vegetable sector are funded by the FIRCA solidarity fund.

3.4.2.2 Actors in the main link of sectors

 INPUT SUPPLIERS

There are two groups of input suppliers (fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, agricultural equipment): approved suppliers or distributors, based in Abidjan with representatives in the different production regions. In addition to this category of suppliers, there are also unregistered suppliers; the latter distribute products, some of which are unregistered. In the rice and cassava sectors, in particular, seeds and crop material are very often available from: - CNRA and seed multipliers for rice seed (base and certified) - CNRA and extension structures (ANADER, NGOs) for selected cassava cuttings

 PRODUCERS

 RICE Sector

Rice producers are found in almost all villages where there is a practice of rice growing throughout the project area. Their number remains undetermined. Although dominated by men, women play a key role in men's rice farming. They also own their own plots, which are generally of small size.

Within the framework of the existing agreement between ANADER and the State of Côte d'Ivoire, as well as specific projects/programs such as PROPACOM, PUAPV, PPAAO/WAAPP, the majority of these rice producers benefit from technical support in order to inculcate good agricultural practices in rice growing. Rice farmers acquire their inputs (especially fertilizers and pesticides) from the suppliers categorized above. Nevertheless, at the seed level, the vast majority use good to sow, surely because of the high cost of certified and basic seeds. Indeed, either part of the harvest is renewed as seed for the next cycle or the seed is obtained from their producer peers. Few rice farmers obtain basic or certified seeds from CNRA, AFRICA RICE or seed multipliers. In addition, all three (3) categories of growing system, namely: - Shelf (rainfed) rice growing - Lowland rice growing - Irrigated rice growing Exist in the regions selected by CARE In addition, the production system used by almost all rice farmers is extensive. In this system, a large area of land is used with a minimum of labor and working capital to achieve high production. Finally, to facilitate the sale of their products to wholesalers and to have an attractive selling price, they are associated in informal and cooperative groups that are spread throughout the different production areas.

 CASSAVA Sector

Producers play a crucial role in the cassava value chain. They are upstream of the chain and are organized individually or in association to meet the needs of processors, traders and direct consumers.

The majority of producers are women. Men are mainly involved in cash crops, but they are called upon to support cassava cultivation for work in the most physical fields, such as clearing bushes and pulling tubers at harvest. Women, for their part, are generally responsible for the operations of setting up the crop and maintenance (cutting, weeding, etc.). They can also handle transport from the fields to the village or grouping points where roots are loaded on transports that deliver to wholesalers or processing units located in rural or urban areas.

However, they may use teams of young people to handle the grouping of tubers when they are involved in other tasks, such as cassava processing. In the regions visited, there are producer associations that can be formal or informal. These associations may also take the form of inter-professional associations. In this case, they include all the actors in the cassava value chain. Their aim is to develop mutual support in their farms, to be able to influence negotiations with traders and to find market opportunities for the members of the association. There are also cooperatives that can bring together groups from one or more villages. These same cooperatives can in turn be part of a Federation of producers at the regional level. There are also national federations. Cooperatives and federations generally integrate production and processing functions. This is also the case for regional platforms, which constitute the most integrated form of organization, since its purpose is to involve all actors in the value chain: producers, processors, traders and even transporters. Informal or formal groups can bring together up to 100 women. However, only about 20 of them who are active. According to our interviewees, there are many inactive associations, due to the lack of leaders and/or managers for their proper functioning.

 TOMATO Sector

Women in terms of production dominate the tomato sector. In addition, tomatoes grown are of two types: local, African as well as exotic, or European type vegetables. Tomato cultivation is practiced on individual or community sites in rural, urban and peri-urban areas. The relative importance of tomato growing, in terms of the proportion of producers, varies from one area to another. In traditional or semi-modern cropping systems, producers keep no accounting. Tomato grower customers are mainly wholesalers and factory owners.

 PROCESSORS

 RICE sector

After the dissolution of SODERIZ, the large processing factories are all closed, current husking factories are traditional with a low production capacity but they process almost all the paddy produced in Côte d'Ivoire into milled rice placed on the market. These husking units are most often owned by private

individuals (the vast majority of whom are men) and are supplied by local producers, OPAs, wholesalers or semi-wholesalers. These processors then supply the husked rice to retailers, restaurant owners or households.  CASSAVA Sector

 Placali

Women producers themselves most often do the processing of placali in the village. In these villages, there are therefore groups of processing women producers. Cassava is peeled, cut into pieces, and then crushed, using a private motorized crusher rented for use. The dough is then pressed using a manual press and placed in bags of about 1 kg, which are then placed in bags to urban areas for retailers, restaurants and consumers.

 Attiéké

Manufacturing process of Attiéké begins like that of placali: the cassava is peeled, cut, washed and crushed with a ferment and a little palm oil. The resulting dough is then pressed and fermented for two days, then passed through a sieve to be semolina. The size of the sieve determines the size of the grains (Attiéké "big grains" or "small grains" according to the preferences of each region). The semolina is then dried in the sun and steamed on large wood stoves before being packaged. Attiéké is therefore a ready- to-eat food. Attiéké processing units can be family, cooperative or entrepreneurial, artisanal, semi-industrial or industrial. Family units consist of 5 to 20 women living in the same area/house, who work collectively on their own account (there are no salaried workers or apprentices). The processing is done in a traditional way. This type of unit exists in all cities and in many villages in the major production areas (South, Center and West). A cooperative or group unit consists of women from the same village who work together and pool production equipment, but sell the Attiéké each on their own account or (more rarely) in common; in this case the money is distributed fairly among the workers. The processing is done by hand. This type of unit exists in many villages. It can therefore be seen that proximity to a large city is essential for this type of activity. There are also groups in some districts of Abidjan or other large cities; in this case, they are rather groups of family units that order cassava together to benefit from wholesale tariffs. Entrepreneurial units run by a boss who employs workers and/or apprentices. There are very large units employing more than 1000 women workers, such as the one in Abobo Baoulé (Abidjan), and others much smaller, 10 to 20 people; this type of unit is common in large cities such as Abidjan and Bouaké. The large units work in a semi-industrial way: the work is divided into different stations or workshops: peeling, washing, grinding, pressing, pressing, semolina, drying, baking, they have a larger production apparatus such as crushers, presses, concrete drying areas... Attiéké manufacturing units obtain their supplies in bulk (or even half-large for the smallest family units) and sell in bulk and half-large. They thus supply the many restaurateurs (the Attiéké accompanies fried meats) and fixed or mobile retailers, who recondition it in "balls" for sale.

 TOMATO Sector

Manufacturers mainly provide the processing link in the tomato sector. The latter obtain their supplies from wholesalers and/or semi-wholesalers. Sometimes their raw materials come directly from the producers with whom they sign agreements. In Côte d'Ivoire, the product resulting from processing is essentially concentrated tomatoes, which are then transported to consumers and restaurateurs through supermarkets, large markets, shops, etc...

 TRADERS

 RICE Sector The marketing of paddy rice is carried out in the informal sector. Sales prices are very unstable and subject to the law of supply and demand. Wholesalers supported by a network of semi-wholesalers and retailers distribute imported rice.  Wholesalers and semi-wholesalers

Wholesalers are the ones who organize and drive all exchange and processing activities. These large rural traders manage part of the local market through their control (especially financial) over the sector. They employ collecting agents and have storage facilities and sometimes means of transport that allow the grain to be stored and resold at high prices during the lean season. Some of them are now becoming owners of husking machines.  Retailers

Rural traders, usually women, who buy paddy and sell it in markets, mainly carry out trade in locally produced rice. They can also steam and shell the paddy to resell the milled rice. They are the main customers of the artisanal processing units. These local women traders often have limited financial resources, which forces them to return quickly paddy rice or processed rice to the market. They sell the rice in retail to local consumers or restaurant owners.

 CASSAVA Sector

Women, both wholesalers and retailers, also represent traders in cassava and cassava products. They can work individually and in isolation, but also organize themselves into groups to share logistics costs, and in particular transport from loading points in villages and unloading platforms in urban wholesale outlets. The forms of organization vary from region to region. In central Canada, forms of collective organization are more developed than in the western or northern regions. As an alternative to sale, each trader has her own loyal customers to whom she can even sell on credit.  Wholesalers

Wholesalers of fresh cassava generally belong to cooperatives or groups of wholesalers that manage unloading platforms, often located near processing units. These traders work independently, but organize themselves with other women for collection tours in the villages. Wholesalers/collectors can work on order to deliver directly to a processing unit. They can also charter a transport together for direct sale at the unloading points on fixed days. Retailers, or cassava processors, then come to collect the tubers at the very foot of the trucks. There are also mixed producer-merchants cooperatives that market pressed pulp for resale in urban wholesale outlets. Gouro women who also manage wholesale outlets, particularly in Abidjan, often run these cooperatives.

 Retailers As regards fresh cassava, urban retailers buy cassava in bags, or in piles, and sell it in units. They obtain their supplies from wholesale traders or directly from the villages if they are close to the production areas. Some are also retailers-producers who will sell directly in local markets. For placali, they obtain their supplies from processing units or wholesalers, if the origin is outside the region. They buy bags from 120 to 140 kg, which they resell packaged in bags or by ball in consumer markets or on the street. For Attiéké, they are also contact the processing units. They buy 40 kg bags packaged in 40 kg bags, recondition, and sell them in bags or balls of about 300 g.

 TOMATO Sector

 Wholesalers or semi-wholesalers Wholesale or semi-wholesale tomato traders are generally women who go to localities or production sites to buy the tomato directly with the producers. Then to transport them to the markets of the big cities. The sale of products is not easy because buyers do not have their own means of transport at their disposal.  Retailers Wholesalers and semi-wholesalers in particular will in turn distribute the stock of tomatoes received to retailers, most of whom are women, in the various markets of Abidjan. Retailers will either sell the tomato directly to consumers in detail in the stables of small neighborhood markets, in large markets, or deliver the tomato to loyal customers such as Attiéké sellers, grocery stores, restaurants etc. Retail sales are made in piles or kilograms.

3.4.3 Analysis of the operating accounts for supporting links of the cassava, rice and tomato sectors

3.4.3.1 Reminder of the crop speculations retained by area

The speculations or sectors in the sector of crop production selected are listed in the summary table below: Table 27 : Speculations selected by area ABIDJAN BOUAKE MAN KORHOGO SECTION Songon Abobo Brobo Bouaké Sipilou Man Sinématiali Korhogo Cassava Rice Tomato

3.4.3.2 Producer link operating account

1. Operating account for one hectare of rice

Table 28 : Operating account for a producer of one hectare of rainfed rice

SECTION BIANKOUMAN BOUAKE MAN KORHOGO INCOME (1) 350,000 385,000 350,000 385,000 PURCHASE (2) 156,400 137,000 140,200 139,400 GROSS MARGIN (1)-(2) 193,600 248,000 209,800 245,600 OPERATING EXPENSES 135,000 179,500 147,000 173,200 Workforce 120,000 164,500 132,000 158,200 Purchase Transport 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Other external services 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 OPERATING CASHFLOW (D) 58,600 68,500 62,800 72,400 Depreciation and amortization (F) 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 OPERATING INCOME OVER A 3-MONTH CYCLE 38,600 48,500 42,800 52,400 MONTHLY NET OPERATING INCOME 12,867 16,167 14,267 17,467

In the rice sector, the operating accounts of the producers interviewed show that the rice sector is generally unprofitable at the production link level. Nevertheless, at the level of Korhogo, there is a slightly higher margin than in other localities. In addition, the production link in the rice sector is profitable for the production of certified rice seed. Indeed, in this production category, the selling price per kilogram goes from 80-100 CFA francs to 500-600 CFA francs. Nevertheless, the production of certified seed is a little complex and follows enough regulations that producers (for the most part) have difficulty complying.

2. Operating account for one hectare of cassava

Table 29 : Operating account for a producer of one hectare of cassava SECTION ABIDJAN BOUAKE MAN BIANKOUMAN INCOME (1) 1, 000,000 800, 000 700, 000 700 000 PURCHASE (2) 210, 000 190, 000 185, 000 185,, 000 Gross Margin (1)-(2) 790,000 610, 000 515, 000 515, 000 OPERATION EXPENSES 267, 300 204, 500 162, 800 146, 200 Workforce 242,300 184,500 142, 800 126, 200 Purchase transport 15,000 10, 000 10,000 10, 000 Other external services 10 ,000 10,000 10,000 10, 000 OPRATING CASHFLOW 522, 700 405, 500 352,200 368, 800 Depreciation and amortization (F) 85, 000 50,000 40,000 40, 000 OPERATING INCOME OVER A 10 MONTHS CYCLE 437, 700 355, 500 312,200 328, 800 MONTHLY NET OPERATING INCOME 43,770 35, 550 31,220 32,880

The cassava sector is profitable in its production component in the sense that it is easy to manage and does not require enough monitoring after implementation. The producer can therefore devote himself to other economic activities. In addition, the producer after harvest can market his cassava stems for use as cuttings. The average price is 60 000 FCFA /ha depending on the region. Abidjan is the most income- generating locality because of its bordering price, which is slightly higher than the other localities. 3. Operating account for one hectare of tomatoes

Table 30 : Operating account for a producer of one hectare of tomatoes SECTION SONGON BOUAKE KORHOGO INCOME (1) 4,200,000 3,500,000 3,500,000 PURCHASE (2) 1,025,500 1,160,400 1,230,500 Gross Margin (1)-(2) 3,174,500 2,339,600 2,269,500 OPERATING EXPENSES 1,217,600 985,300 830,800 Workforce 852,600 675,300 542,800 Transport for purchase and harvest 180,000 150,000 150,000 Other external services 185,000 160,000 138,000 OPERATING CASHFLOW 1,956,900 1,354,300 1,438,700 Depreciation and amortization 165,000 130,000 120,000 OPERATING INCOME OVER A 4-MONTH CYCLE 1,791,900 1,224,300 1,318,700 MONTHLY NET OPERATING INCOME 447,975 306,075 329,675

Data analysis of tomato operating account shows that the production of tomato activity is very profitable and produces very high monthly net results compared to other rice and cassava speculations. Nevertheless, it is a speculation characterized by an intensive production system and therefore requires enormous expenses (inputs, agricultural equipment, investments, and labor). In particular, the purchase of pesticides and fertilizers is strongly recommended.

 Pesticides: For preventive treatments because tomatoes are very vulnerable to diseases and pests  Fertilizer: For fertilizer inputs to the plant for harvesting over a long period of time In addition, tomato growing is quite delicate (difficult) in its technical management so for less experienced people it will be necessary to support the extension services.

3.1.1.1 Processor link operating account

1. Operating account of a rice husker

Table 31 : Operating account of a rice husker SECTION BIANKOUMAN BOUAKE MAN KORHOGO INCOME 675,000 700,000 671,000 704,000 PURCHASE GROSS MARGIN 675,000 700,000 671,000 704,000 OPERATING EXPENSES 310,000 327,500 301,400 316,200 External Supply 75,000 92,000 76,400 87,000 Transport - - - - Other external services 235,000 235,500 225,000 229,200 OPERATING CASHFLOW 365,000 372,500 369,600 387,800 Depreciation and amortization 25,000 18,500 23,600 20,800

MONTHLY NET OPERATING INCOME 340,000 354,000 346,000 367,000

The processing link in the rice sector is fairly well paid compared to the production link. Nevertheless, it is an activity generally practiced by men given that it requires enough physical effort (processors often play the role of technician of their husker). 2. Operating account for a cassava processor in Attiéké

Table 32 : Operating account for a cassava processor in Attiéké

SECTION ABIDJAN BOUAKE MAN BIANKOUMAN INCOME 600,000 520,000 470,000 450,000 PURCHASE 387,500 337,500 308,750 307,500 GROSS MARGIN 212,500 182,500 161,250 142,500 OPERATING EXPENSES 113,125 99,375 85,000 71,000 External supply 34,375 28,125 25,000 20,250 Transport - - - - Other external services 78,750 71,250 60,000 50,750 OPERATING CASHFLOW 99,375 83,125 76,250 71,500 Depreciation and amortization 14,000 10,000 11,000 9,600 MONTHLY NET OPERATING INCOME 85,375 73,125 65,250 61,900

The processing-Attiéké link is more profitable than the processing-crushing and production links. In addition, In addition, the high margins in large cities are justified by very attractive sale prices of Attiéké

3.4.3.3 Reseller link operating account

1. Operating account for rice traders

Table 33 : Operating account for a paddy rice wholesaler

SECTION BIANKOUMAN BOUAKE MAN KORHOGO INCOME 2,240,000 2,560,000 2,400,000 2,560,000 PURCHASE 1,668,570 1,851,430 1,668,570 1,828,570 GROSS MARGIN 571,430 708,570 731,430 731,430 OPERATING EXPENSES 406,850 521,150 498,290 475,430 External supply 36,570 37,570 38,700 40,370 Transport 21,860 20,700 22,700 25,060 Other external services 348,420 462,880 436,890 410,000 OPERATING CASHFLOW 164,580 187,420 233,140 256,000 Depreciation and amortization MONTHLY NET OPERATING INCOME 164,580 187,420 233,140 256,000

Table 32: Operating account for a husked rice retailer SECTION BIANKOUMAN BOUAKE MAN KORHOGO INCOME 157,500 183,750 168,000 178,500 PURCHASE 91,250 102,500 92,000 101,250 GROSS MARGIN 66,250 81,250 76,000 77,250 OPERATING EXPENSES 42,275 50,000 45,750 44,650 External supply 3,275 3,000 3,500 2,300 Transport 2,500 3,000 2,000 2,100 Other external services 36,500 44,000 40,250 40,250 OPERATING CASHFLOW 23,975 31,250 30,250 32,600 Depreciation and amortization 5,000 MONTHLY NET OPERATING INCOME 23,975 31,250 25,250 32,600

In the rice sector, the traders' link is also very promising but does not generate a high margin as the processing link, which nevertheless requires large investments. In the large cities of Bouaké, Korhogo and Man, the margins are quite large because of the selling price and the quantity sold. It will therefore be quite profitable to invest in this link.

2. Operating account for cassava traders

Table 33: Operating account for a cassava wholesaler SECTION ABIDJAN BOUAKE MAN BIANKOUMAN INCOME 1,500,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,100,000 PURCHASE 1,060,000 845,000 738,000 735,000 GROSS MARGIN 440,000 355,000 362,000 365,000 OPERATING EXPENSES 205,000 186,000 184,000 172,000 External supply 8,000 7,500 9,000 10,000 Transport 10,000 6,500 5,000 4,000 Other external services 187,000 172,000 170,000 158,000 OPERATING CASHFLOW 235,000 169,000 178,000 193,000 Depreciation and amortization 55,000 49,000 46,000 48,000 MONTHLY NET OPERATING INCOME 180,000 120,000 132,000 145,000

Table 4: Operating account for a cassava retailer SECTION ABIDJAN BOUAKE MAN BIANKOUMAN INCOME 150,000 120,000 112,500 110,300 PURCHASE 112,500 90,000 82,500 82,500 GROSS MARGIN 37,500 30,000 30,000 27,800 OPERATING EXPENSES 13,000 11,000 9,600 7,000 External supply - - - - Transport 3,000 2,500 2,400 2,000 Other external services 10,000 8,500 7,200 5,000 OPERATING CASHFLOW 24,500 19,000 20,400 20,800 Depreciation and amortization - - - - MONTHLY NET OPERATING INCOME 24,500 19,000 20,400 20,800

In the cassava sector, traders generally have a good monthly income in terms of expenses. In particular, in Bouaké, the margin is low, compared to other cities because of the incomes that are minimal compared to operating expenses in terms of proportion

3. Operating account for tomato traders

Table 35: Operating account for a tomato wholesaler SECTION ABIDJAN BOUAKE KORHOGO INCOME 5,700,000 4,500,000 4,400,000 PURCHASE 4,250,000 3,540,000 3,530,000 GROSS MARGIN 1,450,000 960,000 870,000 OPERATING EXPENSES 280,000 218,000 208,500 External supply 8,000 6,000 5,000 Transport 10,000 8,000 7,300 Other external services 262,000 204,000 196,200 OPERATING CASHFLOW 1,170,000 742,000 661,500 Depreciation and amortization 15,000 12,000 11,500 MONTHLY NET OPERATING INCOME 1,155,000 730,000 650,000

Table 34 : Operating account of a tomato retailer

SECTION ABIDJAN BOUAKE KORHOGO INCOME 210,000 165,000 159,000 PURCHASE 171,000 135,000 132,000 GROSS MARGIN 39,000 30,000 27,000 OPERATING EXPENSES 11,500 9;850 8,800 External supply - - - Transport 3,500 2,600 2,000 Other external services 8,000 7,250 6,800 OPERATING CASHFLOW 27,500 20,150 18,200 Depreciation and amortization MONTHLY NET OPERATING INCOME 27,500 20,150 18,200

In the tomato sector, compared to the production link, the commercial link (particularly that of wholesalers) generates the highest monthly margin (monthly net operating income)

3.5 Mapping and description of value chains of animal production

3.5.1 Mapping of actors in the poultry sector

Figure 5 : Mapping of value chain in the modern poultry sector

Chicken and egg Input suppliers Poultry farmers Trade Processing Consumers Resellers

 Suppliers of day old  Traditional system chicks (Ivoire poussin, Seasonal Poultry  Wholesalers where chickens are sold C FOANI,…)  Semi-Wholesalers farmers on live weight o  Suppliers of feeding stuffs  Roasters n and/or food supplement s (Ivograin, FOANI, Maridav, u Koudjuis…) m  Suppliers of veterinary  Modern system where poultry  Ready to Cook products e Modern professional is slaughtered in modern or Chicken  Hypermarkets  Suppliers of farming semi-modern structures  Cold meat  Hotel restaurants r equipment poultry famers  Smoking  Canteen (industrial slaughterhouses  Sizing of eggs

INTERAVI ANAREV CI

UACI, ANAVICI

ANADER, Private veterinaries, LANADA, Support Service for feeding stuff suppliers

STATE FIRCA Poultry Inter Profession

3.5.2 Analysis of the governance of animal and fisheries production sectors

Analysis of actors at the macro level will be conducted for all selected sectors.

 Ministry of Animal and Fisheries Production (MIRAH) The Ministry of Animal and Fisheries Production (MIRAH) defines the general policy of the State in terms of production and food security. This policy, which is characterized by the withdrawal of the State from agricultural production activities, consists in encouraging the private sector to develop short-cycle production (poultry and pig).

 Ministry of Commerce The Ministry of Commerce defines the general policy of the State with regard to the marketing of agricultural products, in particular animal and fish products. It signs agreements with other States in the field of sub- regional and international trade; it prepares and enforces texts regulating trade activities relating to the import of food of animal and fish origin.

 Technical structures to support the production and trade of poultry products These include ANADER, CNRA, FIRCA, LANADA. Their roles were analyzed in the previous chapters.

✓ Regulations affecting the activities of the various actors in the sector Several laws and regulations have been enacted by the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire to create the conditions for economic activities. This applies in particular to livestock activities, laws and decrees relating to rural land in general, the creation of livestock farms, the approval, and manufacture of livestock feed and professional agricultural organizations. o Rural land

Rural land is regulated by Act No. 98-750 of 23 December 1998, amended by Act No. 2004-412 of 14 August 2004 amending article 26 of Act No. 98-750 of 23 December 1998 and Act No. 2013-655 of 13 September 2013 on the time limit for the recognition of customary rights over land and amending article 6 of Act No. 98-750. These various laws have been implemented by several decrees. The implementation of this law in the field is facing difficulties related to: (i) high land pressure; (ii) costs of issuing land certificates, which are too high for small producers; (iii) fears of landowners of losing control over their "properties" to public authorities or non-entitled parties; (iv) reduction of land surfaces due to rapid urbanization while urbanization plans do not always include agricultural areas.

o Livestock Code

In order to limit environmental pollution and sanitary zoo, the creation of livestock farms within the urban perimeter is prohibited unless an exemption is granted by the environmental services following a favorable opinion from the municipal livestock commission Decree No. 98-70 of 13/02/1998 laying down general rules for the installation of livestock farms, Title III art.9

These regulations are not strictly implemented in the field, which favors the regular eviction of livestock farmers following urbanization

3.5.3 Analysis of the mapping and relationship between the actors in the poultry sector

3.5.3.1. At the meso level

OPAs are formal or informal groups and associations, cooperatives or cooperative societies or any group of actors (men, women, youth or mixed) undertaking economic activities in the agricultural sector based on one of the existing laws or not. Agricultural Inter-professional Organizations (OIA) are groups constituted by the most representative OPAs for agricultural production, processing and marketing that have been recognized as such by the competent administrative authority at national level for each product or group of products determined under the conditions defined by Ordinance No. 2011-473 of 21 December 2011 on OIA (Art 1). The existence of several laws and regulations encourages the formation of several types of OPAs/groups whose viability leaves something to be desired. This situation weakens OPAs, which have conflicting interests. As a result, they are unable to properly train their members and provide them with a program of goods and services tailored to their needs.

To this should be added, at the administrative level:  Insufficient or inadequate community supervision;  Almost non-existent administrative control;  Lack of promotional actions.

Some legal texts are not sufficiently popularized (Uniform Act on the Law of Cooperative Societies, Ordinance on OIAs).

In view of the above, it is imperative to:  Popularize the texts in force (Ordinance on OIAs, Uniform Act on the Law of Cooperative Societies);  Support cooperative companies with equipment and training to enable them to play a major role in the economic and social development of their members (marketing of products, provision of services) in order to obtain their commitment and real involvement in cooperative action;  Favor a representation based on (i) a similarity relationship and a dependency relationship, two concepts that require membership of a sector, and (ii) the economic weight of the group represented;  Promote Cooperative Societies through the introduction of awards (Excellence Awards, National Cup of Progress, etc.).

 Organizations in the poultry sector

At the level of the poultry sector, there is a federal structure for defending the interests of stakeholders or a consultation framework: the Ivorian Poultry Inter-profession (IPRAVI). Thus, it was created in 1995 and is administered by a Board of Directors of fourteen (14) members. Its supreme body is the General Assembly, which has twenty (20) members. The main objective of IPRAVI is to defend the interests of the Ivorian poultry sector and promote local poultry production through:  Promotion of local poultry products,  Council of public authorities and administration in regulatory matters;  Search for greater competitiveness of poultry products.

To achieve this objective, IPRAVI has a Permanent Secretariat staffed by career agents. IPRAVI's resources consist of professional contributions (which ensure its operation) and support from financial institutions partners in the form of donations or grants. Since its creation, IPRAVI has already benefited from the support of partners such as the European Union and the French Development Agency. Today, it has four (4) grassroots associations in the poultry sector, which are:

 INTERAVI Association of industrialists of the Ivoirian poultry sector was created in 1989, bringing together members who carry out a hatching activity or manufacture poultry feeding stuffs, slaughter or package eggs for consumption. They provide technical support to producers who buy food and day-old chicks in their store.

 UACI The Union of Poultry Farmers in Côte d'Ivoire is the first poultry organization. It was also created in 1989 and brings together individual farmers, broiler farmers or egg producers. This association has sections in the regional capitals of Bouaké, Korhogo, Man and Abidjan

 ANAVICI The National Association of Poultry Farmers in Côte d'Ivoire was created in 2005 and also includes individual farmers, broiler breeders or producers of eggs for consumption. The association also has sections in the four regional capitals.

 ANAREV CI The National Association of Poultry Resellers of Côte d'Ivoire was created in 2008 and has been a member of IPRAVI since 2010. It brings together retailers of poultry and eggs. Representatives of this entity were not identified in this study.

3.5.3.2. At the micro level

3.5.3.2.1 Value chain analysis at the production level

The types of poultry identified in this study are:  Modern chicken farming (broiler farming; laying hen farming) ;  Traditional chicken farming.

 Modern poultry farming

The management of modern poultry farming is a very active and crucial phase of modern poultry farming. It consists of caring for a large number of chicks until maturity or adulthood. At this stage, driving error is not allowed. The farmers must remain with the animals at all times in order to detect their ills and needs. It should also be noted that the conduct of a flock of poultry does not differ fundamentally from one type of production to another. In modern poultry farming, there are several types of production: meat, layers, cockerels, breeding animals, etc. In the project area all productions are present. The most widespread are broilers and layers.

The graph below shows the main actors who are directly involved alongside producers in the modern poultry production chain.

Figure 6 : Relationship between producers and other production actors

Service providers Management and research structures

 Poultry  A day-old chicks suppliers (Ivoire  ANADER poussin, FOANI,…)  Private veterinarians  Suppliers of feedingstuffs and/or  CNRA food supplement (Ivograin, FOANI,  CSRS Maridav, Koudjuis…)  LANADA  Veterinary product suppliers  Support service for  Livestock farming equipement feedingstuffs suppliers suppliers  Producers groups (UACI, ANAVICI)

Modern Poultry Farmers

State and Development Financing or financial Partners management structures  MIRAH  Micro finance  FIRCA  Projet PADECI  ORGANISMES  CMEC INTERNATIONAUX  PAPAN  CNCE

There are two (2) groups of actors at the production level:  Direct actors: these are mainly producers or breeders who conduct activities on their poultry farms. A distinction should be made between poultry farmers who produce continuously throughout the year and those who produce seasonally and whose activity is based on the holiday regime (Christmas, New Year's Eve, Easter, Ramadan, etc.). Marketing difficulties have led these farmers to carry out seasonal production. Thus, the establishment of flesh chicks reaches its peak 50 to 60 days before the Christian holidays of Easter, Pentecost and Christmas as well as the New Year's holiday. As far as the installation of laying chicks is concerned, the Ivorian farmers favors the reform period. Just like the broiler chick farmers, the broiler chick farmer will set up his

hens in such a way as to sell his reform hens during the festive season. For the latter the months of June, July and August are the most important implementation periods. The chicks will be raised over 6 months so that egg production will start between January and March. After 12 months of laying (i.e. in December), these animals will be sold. For this type of farming, the primary production is the egg. The reform of hens, which should not be commercially important, is, in Côte d'Ivoire, an essential means for the farmer to make a profit margin and make the activity profitable. Layers are generally reformed in December so that from January to April, there is a reduction in the supply of chicken eggs. During this period, the price of the egg tray is at its highest.

 Indirect actors: they are composed of several types of actors providing services, support structures, financing or financial support, state structures or development partners. They support the production. These are:  Poultry farmers: they are people who make their expertise available to the farm owner who usually have another occupation. This expertise comes after a long year of experience in the management of poultry farms. Sometimes we meet poultry farmers with quality technical training at Baccalaureate +2 option Zoo-technics;  Suppliers of day-old chicks: or hatchery owners: they have breeding farms that provide fertilized eggs. These eggs are hatched to produce day-old chicks. In the project area, there is no hatchery but all breeders have a local representation that registers orders and delivers chicks within about 2 weeks.  Food and/or food supplement suppliers: several structures provide this service in the project area. The most important are Ivograin, FACI, Maridav, Koudjuis.  Suppliers of veterinary products: In the project's regional capitals, there are veterinary pharmacies or structures that market almost all the products needed to manage a modern chick population. This function is regulated by obtaining an accreditation. In addition to this category of suppliers, there are also non-approved suppliers; the latter distribute products, some of which are not approved. In Bouaké, for example, only 2 out of 6 veterinary product depots have official approval.  Suppliers of livestock farming materials and equipment: some feed suppliers such as Ivograin and FACI also provide this service. But there are many craftsmen who offer more or less good quality equipment  Producer groups (UACI, ANAVICI): two sections of these national POs exist but most of the farmers interviewed are not affiliated to any of them. There are local POs such as SCARP in Korhogo that have no link with these two networks

Names of Professional Names and contacts Convenient Number of Offices Organizations of officials location members M. Palenfo Functional Bouaké ANAVICI Section Bouaké 246 Tel : 08 33 10 19 Bouaké M. Ouattara Functional UACI Section Bouaké - 07 65 81 14 Bouaké Poultry GDS M. Palé Bindjité Functional 300 Bouaké Cooperative Society Functional M. N’DRI Brou 20 « SCOOPS-AC » Korhogo SCARP 110 Source : Site Survey These groups are generally characterized by a low level of operation: managers have very little knowledge of their responsibilities and the texts governing their organization.

 Management structures (ANADER, Private veterinaries, Management services for feeding stuffs suppliers etc.). Their presence with the breeders is necessary.

 Research structures (CNRA, CSRS, AISA, Universities): their intervention remains very limited alongside farmers.

 Financing or financing support structures (Microfinance, PADECI Project, PAPAN, CNCE) very little financing is available. Two (2) MIRAH projects (PADECI, PAPAN) are involved in providing livestock equipment or animals to farmers. Other micro-finance structures provide financing when donors house resources in their accounts

 Traditional poultry farming

Traditional livestock farming is practiced everywhere. Traditional chickens, commonly referred to as "bicycle chickens", are rustic and of a smaller size than modern chickens of improved breeds. Traditional poultry farming has a great potential for under-exploitation. Traditional poultry are reared throughout the country with a very significant presence in the region of Poro. In addition to its socio-cultural role, village chicken is an interesting source of income and food animal protein for rural populations. It plays an important role not only in the subsistence of the household, but also in the economy of the populations in the rural areas of the project areas. Because of its many potentialities (short-cycle species, easier to produce and requiring little investment, accessible to all). Very few actors are directly involved alongside producers in the traditional poultry production chain.

Figure 3: Relationship between producers and other production actors

Service Providers Management and research structures

 Farming of reproducers  Suppliers of hatching eggs  ANADER  Corn grain producers  Private veterinarians  Veterinary product suppliers  CNRA  CSRS

Traditional Poultry Farmers

State and Development Partners

 MIRAH  FIRCA  INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

At the production level, the identified actors are:  Producers: They run traditional chicken farms  Suppliers of breeding stock or hatching eggs: these are breeders who have hen and rooster nuclei and who supply subjects or eggs to potential breeders  Suppliers of food and/or food supplements: these are generally corn grain producers, owners of cereal processing units.  Management structures (ANADER, private veterinarians, NGOs, etc.). Their presence with farmers is generally linked to a project  Research structures (CNRA, CSRS, AISA, Universities): their intervention remains very limited alongside farmers.

3.5.3.2.2 Value chain analysis at the processing level

Poultry processing takes into account all the processes from slaughter to final packaging. To date, the modern poultry processing activity in the project areas is marginal. It involves a limited number of actors. It is organized around small, low-capacity units in urban centers that grill or braise chicken. However, there is an industrial slaughter unit and some artisanal poultry slaughterhouses feeding the modern distribution network around Abidjan and in the interior of the country. This unit provides a wide range of products:  Poultry carcasses  Eggs undergo various manipulations, which result in the production of the finished products presented under the brand  Smoked carcasses

 Cold cuts (sausage…)

In this study, the analysis of this link will not take into account industrial chicken processing units. These types of units could not be identified in the study area.

3.5.3.2.3 Analysis of the marketing link of modern poultry

Actors interviewed in this study are those from the permanent markets for the sale of live poultry. Spontaneous markets that appeared during the holidays were not taken into account during this study. The modern distribution channel involving modern slaughterhouses has not also been analyzed.

 Marketing actors The modern poultry supply chain includes a limited number of actors. These are:  Producers,  Collectors,  Intermediaries  Consumers. Live chickens and eggs are either sold directly to consumers or to intermediaries or retailers.

Producers They are small modern farmers who practice an intensive production mode with inputs generally produced by industrialists. These producers sell their products directly to consumers or to intermediaries in the market.

Collectors They are traders involved in the poultry trade, for whom it is a source of income and economic activity. These traders act as a link between producers and other economic actors or consumers in the sector. These operators travel to peri-urban areas to collect eggs and chickens and direct them to urban markets. In this category, not all persons who do not keep poultry or at least are recognized as poultry farmers but who trade poultry. Collectors constitute a heterogeneous world where all socio-professional categories can be found. They play a role in the collection and transport of chickens to urban traders. Some intermediaries operate on a personal basis and others work on behalf of wholesalers to whom they return the products as soon as they make purchases.

Urban wholesalers In general, they buy chickens with producers from peri-urban farms. They go around the farms to identify producers with ready-to-sell products. The regularity of relationships and trust leads farmers to contact wholesalers as soon as production is ready. Urban Resellers They are semi-wholesalers who buy their products from wholesalers on their return to resell them to retailers, restaurants and grillers. These are installed in part of urban markets. In some large urban areas such as Abobo, Yopougon-Songon and Korhogo, there are specialized markets.

Retailers Retailers meet at various points of sale where they sell chickens to consumers and households.

Consumers Consumers are the last link in the marketing chain. There are several types of consumers, the most common are:  Households ;  Restaurants and beverage places;  Public or private structures (hospitals, schools, prisons, garrisons, etc.);

 etc....

 Means of transport for chicken

Transport activity is carried out by natural or legal persons. Due to the large number of employees, transport is mainly provided with 4x4 single cab vehicles or vehicles with a livestock carrier for large producers. Generally, these vehicles do not benefit from any real maintenance. The chickens are placed in suitable crates stored in the rear of the vehicle. These vehicles are not specifically dedicated to the transport of chickens.

Some actors generally roasters prefer the motorcycle on which the chickens are attached in groups of two (2) and place on a firmly fixed branch.

The transport of chickens is hampered by poor road conditions that cause recurrent vehicle breakdowns, resulting in high maintenance and repair costs. In addition, there are road worries that extend travel times, worsen product quality and increase shipping costs.

 Market channels

They are defined as a succession of intermediaries and places through which flows of products, currencies and information on demand and supply transit for a defined period. Indeed, the study of a production chain is not limited to commercial activities but covers all upstream and downstream activities. It includes the chain of activities carried out by farmers, traders, transporters and consumers. Modern poultry marketing channels are informal. These channels, which concern the sale of chickens and eggs, are important because of the importance of trade. Modern farmers sell to wholesalers, retailers and consumers, but their main contact is still the wholesalers.

Short channels They are characterized by a small number or absence of intermediaries between producer and consumer and/or a short distance between them. These channels also allow producers to obtain greater value added from the products marketed. This channel is very limited and is very important on the eve of the holidays.

Long channels In the long channels, poultry is subject to relatively long sales chains. The bargaining power between producers and traders depends closely on the distance from the place of production to the urban market. In addition, close loyalty links exist between suppliers and distributors.

3.5.3.2.4 Analysis of the consumer link of modern chickens

Poultry consumption per capita per year increased from 0.43 kg in 2006 to 1.99 kg in 2015, according to the Ivorian Poultry Inter-profession. Average still very far from international standards (the French average is 28 kg; the world average is 14 kg).

3.5.3.2.5 Analysis of the marketing link of traditional poultry

The meat of traditional chickens is highly valued and more expensive by consumers, who find it to be of good organoleptic quality, compared to that of exotic or imported commercial strains. Traditional chickens are generally marketed alive. The marketing of traditional poultry is one of the few opportunities for rural households to generate cash income, especially for farmers without access to land.

The farmer does not hesitate to take a few eggs or take one or two chickens outright to sell them to the collectors who often come to the village to meet the immediate needs of the family (salt, pepper...).

Changes in sale periods are observed during the year leading to significant price fluctuations on the markets. The sale and price of poultry increases significantly with the seasons, end-of-year festivities and religious holidays. Women dominate the sale of traditional poultry on rural markets. The poultry marketing system is informal and underdeveloped However, the weight and size of poultry are the only criteria used when households and restaurateurs buy domestic chicken, while for sacrifices plumage color and sex are the most sought-after criteria. In rural markets, males are sold more than females.

 Traditional poultry marketing actors and their characteristics The various actors involved in the activity play a key role in:  Collection;  Transport;  Trade of village chickens at village markets and in urban centers

Figure 7 : Relationships between actors involved in marketing

Traditional Poultry Producers

Trackers / Collectors Local market

Urban resellers / semi- wholesalers

Consumer (households, restaurants, etc.)

 Collection

Poultry production in the traditional sector includes a range of actors that are generally producers, traders, collectors, intermediaries and consumers. Live chickens and eggs are sold either directly to consumers or to intermediaries or retailers.

Producers They are traditional rural chicken farmers who practice an extensive production method with few inputs. These producers sell their products directly to consumers or to intermediaries on the market.

Collectors They are also traders involved in the exclusive trade of traditional poultry. Here too, some intermediaries work in a personal capacity and others work on behalf of wholesalers to whom they return the products as soon as they make purchases. Still others are itinerant traders who change activities according to the seasons or profitable speculations. A distinction is made between village collectors and urban collectors or wholesalers. Village collectors They are local rural buyers, usually farmers, who come to look for a way to expand their economic activity in the poultry trade. They travel through villages and rural markets to buy chickens from producers. These collectors can have their own capital, buy the chickens and sell them to wholesalers. Some collectors also act as intermediaries for wholesalers. Thus, these collectors group the chickens into batches large enough to be transferred to the wholesaler for a salary or commission.

Urban wholesalers In general, they buy chickens with village collectors and producers. With the village collectors, appointments are made in a given village where all the collectors from the surrounding villages go to meet the wholesaler. It should be noted that each wholesaler has its own collector-delivery customers, which means market segmentation. Most often, these wholesalers work on very large numbers of poultry. Their main customers are retailers, communities, restaurants, hotel kitchens. The main function of wholesalers is to balance market availability with demand, and to move poultry from places where it is abundant and cheap to places where it is relatively rare and expensive.

Urban Resellers They are semi-wholesalers who meet with wholesalers upon their return, and take the product and resell it to retailers, hotel bars, restaurants and grills. It is only in the case where the product is not entirely removed by urban retailers that the wholesaler can sell it to grillers and restaurant owners.

Retailers It is the largest group in terms of workforce, the most diversified in terms of its composition. There are different age groups and different socio-professional categories. Retailers meet at the specific points of sale where they sell chickens to consumers, households. Consumers They are at the end of the chain. In contrast to producers, consumers have a propensity to consume if they have high incomes that allow them to feed themselves properly. Their high or low demand for agricultural products, particularly traditional chickens, has an impact on production.

 Means of transport for chicken

In the project area, there are no specialized means for transporting traditional chickens. The mode of transport is very varied and depends on the proximity of the village market. At the village level, travel is by foot, donkey, horse or bicycle cart. Trucks and motorcycles are used to transport larger numbers of people over long distances. Along the roads, columns of men and women are most often observed travelling to the weekly market using different means of transport. Live chickens collected at village markets are confined in cages of different types and sizes. Cages are often dusty and unhealthy and are almost never cleaned or disinfected. If the number of chickens is small, they are attached to the sides of the trucks. If the number of animals is large, they are placed in inappropriate cages, often poorly arranged and subjected to heat stress conditions (heat) for long hours with high losses.

 Market channels Traditional poultry marketing channels are informal. These channels, which concern the sale of chickens and eggs, are important and complex, both in terms of the importance of trade and in terms of the number of currents that characterize them. Producers sell to wholesalers, retailers and consumers alike. The most important current is the one that flows in the direction of villages and urban centers. It is regular but intermittent. Thus, some villages or small centers located in the region of Poro and relatively in Gbêkê are known for the importance of their markets. Short channels It is common to find small markets in each village and commune where farmers bring their products to sell them either directly to consumers or to traders. This channel is strongly recommended on market days. Long channels In the long channels, poultry is subject to relatively long sales chains. The margin rate is much higher at the retail level in urban areas than at the collection level in rural areas. Transport costs penalize rural production more than urban production. The bargaining power between producers and traders depends closely on the distance from the place of production to the urban market. In addition, close loyalty links exist between suppliers and distributors.

3.5.3.2.6 Analysis of the consumer link of traditional chickens

Various economic and socio-cultural factors are likely to influence the consumption of traditional poultry. These factors include religious and festive events, eating habits, income levels and forms of transformation. Religious events and holidays significantly affect chicken consumption. The processing of chickens is an important activity for the actors of this link in the large agglomerations of Bouaké, Korhogo, Man, Abidjan). The main places where traditional chicken is processed are bars, restaurants, street corners and hotel kitchens. The various processed products are roasted chicken, grilled chicken, stir-fried chicken, oven-roasted chicken "televised chicken", etc.

3.5.4 Mapping of Actors in the pig sector

Figure 8 : Mapping of value chain of the standard-weight pig sector

Input suppliers Producers Processors Trade Consumers

 Hypermakets C  Oven-roasted  Reproducer suppliers oO  Suppliers of feedingstuffs Pig pork place owner  Owner of cold meat stores nN and/or food supplement s (Ivograin, FOANI, Maridav, S o Koudjuis…) U m  Veterinary products farmer M  Butchers m  Suppliers of livestoc R equipments a tS e u r

INTERPORCI

UNEGABY, APPORCI

ANADER, Private veterinarians, LANADA, Management services for feeding stuffs suppliers

STATE FIRCA Pig Inter-profession

Actors at the macro level have not been analyzed because they are the same as those in the poultry sector. 3.5.5 Analysis of the mapping and relationship between the actors in the pig sector

3.5.5.1 At the meso level

At the meso level, there is one inter-profession(INTERPORCI) and two main networks (UNEGABY and APPORCI). Alongside these organizations abound a multitude of groups and organizations. In the project area, we can mention: CEPOM in Man, FEPPORC, AEPRG, Bouaké etc.

3.5.5.2 At the micro level

3.5.3.2.7 Value chain analysis at the production level

Analysis of this link applies to modern standard-weight pig farms, i.e. pig farm or pen (meeting a minimum standard) and where animals are maintained.  Actors in pig production and their characteristics

Consumers increasingly appreciate pork meat. This makes some cities important production areas. Among these are Abidjan and Man1, which are the two main production centers in Côte d'Ivoire. The actors involved in production alongside producers are shown in the graph below.

1 FIRCA, General Identification of modern pig farmers in Côte d’Ivoire, 2007

Figure 9 : Relationship between producer and other actors in pig production

Service providers Management and research structures

 Farm workers  Reproducer suppliers  ANADER  Suppliers of feedingstuffs and/or  Private veterinarians food supplement (Ivograin, FOANI,  CNRA Maridav, Koudjuis…)  CSRS  Veterinary product suppliers  LANADA  Farming equipment suppliers  Management service for  Producer groups (APPORCI, feedingstuffs suppliers UNEGABY,CEPOM)

Pig farmers

State and Development Financing and Financial Partners support structures  MIRAH  FIRCA  Micro finance  INTERNATIONAL  Projet PADECI ORGANIZATIONS  CMEC  CNCE

There are two (2) groups of actors at the production level:  Direct actors: they are mainly producers or herders who conduct activities on their pig farms. National statistics give about 10% of women who own a pig farm.  Indirect actors:  Farm workers: they are people who make their expertise available to the farm owner.  Reproducer suppliers: they have rearing farms that provide young sows and boars to newly created farms or to rebuild the breeding herd on old farms. With the support of FIRCA, Four (4) such farms are being set up in Bouaké, Man, Korhogo and Azaguié (for Abidjan). Among the owners, there are two (2) women.

 Feeding stuffs and/or food supplement suppliers: several structures provide this service in the project area. The most important are Ivograin, FACI, Maridav, Koudjis. But generally speaking, each producer produced is fed with commercially available ingredients to reduce its production cost.  Suppliers of veterinary products: several veterinary pharmacies exist in the project's regional capitals.  Suppliers of farming materials and equipment: some feeding stuffs suppliers such as Ivograin and FACI also provide this service. However, there are many craftsmen who offer more or less good quality equipment.  Producer groups (UNEGABY, APPORCI, CEPOM, FEPPORC...): Several organizations exist in all eight (8) areas of the project. As in the previous sectors, these groups are generally characterized by a low level of functioning and the producers they meet do not recognize themselves in them.  Management structures (ANADER, Private veterinarians, Food Providers Services; etc.).  Research structures (CNRA, CSRS, AISA, Universities)  Financing or financing support structures

3.5.3.2.8 Value chain analysis of the pork butcher processing

Only Abidjan has modern industrial units for processing pig meat. The pork used by these structures is used to make many recipes including sausages, hams, pâtés, sausages etc. In the project area, the most common processing encountered is baked or grilled pork. In the Project Area, FIRCA has intervened on several occasions alongside producers and their organizations. In particular, it has enabled the creation of shops for pig meat sales in Man, Bouaké and Abidjan. Women who are in charge of cooking the process essentially hold these points. In addition to these points of sale, there are many other places where the concept of oven-roasted pork makes many small restaurants and beverage places work. 3.5.3.2.9 Value chain analysis in the marketing of pork butchery products

Apart from Yopougon and Koumassi (Abidjan), there are no specific markets or points of sale for fresh pig meat like that of beef and sheep/goats. The owners of the oven-roasted pork sales units as well as pork butchers are in direct contact with the farmers.

 Marketing actors

The supply of pig meat includes the following actors:  Producers;  Pig meat;  Owners of oven-roasted pork sales places;  Consumers.

Figure 10 : Relationships between actors involved in marketing

Producers of pig meat

Owners of sale stores

Deli product resellers

Consumer (households, restaurants, etc.)

 Collection

Producers They are modern small farmers who practice an "intensive" mode of production. These producers sell their products directly to:  Consumers;  Butchers;  Owners of oven-roasted pork sales places.

Collectors There are no intermediaries between the producer and the processor in the marketing of pork. Processors (pork butchers or owners of roasted pork outlets) travel to farms to select the animals to be delivered and to negotiate prices with producers Retailers They are the owners of roasted pork or women from specific markets such as “Gabriel gare” in Yopougon. The city of Abidjan, which has six sales outlets in six municipalities. These courtyards employ 210 saleswomen from the town halls concerned. Fresh and cooked meat is available at these retailers. In the other cities of the project, retailers are at the level of oven- roasted pork places. The butchers also make retail sale of fresh meat, but the cutting carried out and the prices charged limit their access to non-experts.

Consumers Consumers are the last link in the marketing chain. There are several types of consumers, the most common of which are:  Households ;

 Restaurants and beverage places ;  Etc…

 Means of transport for pigs Most common means of transport for live pigs is the vehicle (car or motorcycle). For the motorcycle, the number of subjects to be transported remains very limited and restraint measures must be taken. The vehicles used to move live pigs are the same as those used to transport other goods (chicken, vegetables, etc.). Here too, the transport of pigs faces the same constraints as that of other goods.

 Market channels They are characterized by a small number or absence of intermediaries between the producer and the consumer. 3.5.3.2.10 Analysis of the pork consumption link

Côte d'Ivoire only covers 21% of its pig meat consumption, the rest of the rate being imported from abroad. Each Ivorian consumes an average of 500 g of pork meat per year (the ratio of pork consumption in the world is 34.5 kg/capita/year). According to the pig industry, if Côte d'Ivoire decides to increase per capita consumption to 1 kg/year, pig slaughter in the modern system will increase from 22,000 pigs per year to 183,000 pigs and financial flows in the Ivorian pig sector will increase from 6 billion to 50 billion/year. Pork consumption is therefore very encouraged and these efforts are concretely taking place in the field through the establishment of points of sale financed by FIRCA, local authorities and development partners. Two items were completed and functional in Bouaké and Man.

3.5.6 Analysis of the operating accounts for supporting links of the modern and traditional poultry and pig sectors

3.5.6.1 Reminder of the animal speculations retained by area

Speculations retained by area have been shown in the summary table below:

Table 35 : Animal speculations retained by area ABIDJAN BOUAKE MAN KORHOGO SECTION Songon Abobo Bouaké Sipilou Man Sinématiali Korhogo Traditional Poultry Pig Modern Poultry (broilers

and laying hens)

3.5.6.2 Analysis of the producers' operating account

1. Operating account for a bunch of 1,000 broilers

Table 36 : Operating account for a bunch of 1000 broilers SECTION ABOBO/SONGON BOUAKE MAN KORHOGO INCOME 1,843,000 1,841,100 2,156,000 2,001,250 PURCHASE 1,522,000 1,444,000 1,747,680 1,541,250 GROSS MARGIN 321,000 397,100 408,320 460,000 OPERATING EXPENSES 115,750 85,000 71,500 276,050 External supply 15,750 11,000 17,500 10,000 Transport 20,000 10,000 10,000 53,550 Other external services 80,000 64,000 44,000 212,500 OPERATING CASHFLOW 205,250 312,100 336,820 183,950 Depreciation and amortization 24,833 77,417 212,000 79,375 OPERATING INCOME 180,417 234,683 124,820 104,575 MONTHLY OPERATING INCOME 90,209 117,342 62,410 52,288

In the modern poultry sector, the operating accounts of the farmers interviewed show that broiler chicken farming is profitable. This activity generates more margin in Bouaké than in the other localities where the activity has been selected

2. Operating account for a bunch of 1,000 laying hens

Table 37 : Operating account for a bunch of 1,000 laying hens SECTION ABOBO/SONGON BOUAKE MAN KORHOGO INCOME 20,043,000 17,565,000 20,116,000 18,778,000 PURCHASE 14,010,400 14,073,400 15,377,026 12,936,300 GROSS MARGIN 6,032,600 3,491,600 4,738,974 5,841,700 OPERATING EXPENSES 3,035,750 789,000 47,500 1,841,000 External supply 15,750 11,000 17,500 252,500 Transport 500,000 38,000 30,000 292,500 Other external services 2,520,000 740,000 - 1,296,000 OPERATING CASHFLOW 2,996,850 2,702,600 4,691,474 4,000,700 Depreciation and amortization 571,917 161,824 404,000 440,700 OPERATING INCOME 2,424,933 2,540,776 4,287,474 3,560,000 MONTHLY OPERATING INCOME 134,719 141,154 238,193 197,778

Analysis of the data from the operating accounts of this speculation shows that the production activity of the layer is profitable and produces results superior to the production of broilers. This activity requires huge production costs in relation to the value of the purchases to be made. Its implementation requires significant financial resources for the promoter.

3. Operating account for a core of 30 hens + 3 roosters

Table 40 : Operating account for a core of 30 roosters SECTION SIPILOU KORHOGO SINEMATIALI INCOME 540,000 1,298,500 1,116,710 PURCHASE 144,290 327,280 314,189 GROSS MARGIN 395,710 971,220 802,521 OPERATING EXPENSES 12,000 120,000 132,000 External supply - - - Transport - - - Other external services 12,000 120,000 132,000 OPERATING CASHFLOW 383,710 851,220 670,521 Depreciation and amortization 54,000 - - OPERATING INCOME 329,710 851,220 670,521 MONTHLY OPERATING INCOME 27,476 70,935 55,877

The activity seems very inexpensive in its operation. The results on Sipilou remain low (27,476f/month) although they can be used to significantly improve the income of the producers concerned.

4. Operating accounts for a pig farm with more than 3 years of experience.

Table 38 : Operating account for a farm of 10 sows + 1 boar SECTION SONGON MAN KORHOGO INCOME 11,340,000 8,450,000 6,550,000 PURCHASE 5,483,290 4,020,300 1,983,000 GROSS MARGIN 5,856,710 4,429,700 4,567,000 OPERATING EXPENSES 840,000 444,000 840,000 External supply - - - Transport - 60,000 180,000 Other external services 840,000 384,000 660,000 OPERATING CASHFLOW 5,016,710 3,985,700 3,727,000 Depreciation and amortization 1,060,233 615,250 411,500 OPERATING INCOME 3,956,477 3,370,450 3,315,500 MONTHLY OPERATING INCOME 329,706 280,871 276,292

Production costs are quite high even if the activity creates high resources.

3.5.6.3 Analysis of the operating account of the processor link

1. Operating account for an owner of oven-roasted pork place over 12 months

Table 39 : Operating account for an owner of oven-roasted pork place SECTION SONGON MAN KORHOGO INCOME 23,040,000 18,000,000 12,780,000 PURCHASE 16,840,678 13,560,000 6,876,000 GROSS MARGIN 6,199,322 4,440,000 5,904,000 OPERATING EXPENSES 1,056,834 1,206,000 1,171,000 External supply 388,696 432,000 451,000 Transport 144,000 60,000 180,000 Other external services 524,138 714,000 540,000 OPERATING CASHFLOW 5,142,488 3,234,000 4,733,000 Depreciation and amortization - 12,000 38,500 OPERATING INCOME 5,142,488 3,222,000 4,694,500 MONTHLY OPERATING INCOME 428,541 268,500 391,208

2. Operating account for an owner of a roasted chicken place over 1 month

Table 40 : Operating account for an owner of a roasted chicken place SECTION ABOBO/SONGON BOUAKE MAN KORHOGO INCOME 2,400,000 1,012,500 480,000 1,800,000 PURCHASE 1,320,000 632,520 312,000 1,425,000 GROSS MARGIN 1,080,000 379,980 168,000 375,000 OPERATING EXPENSES 785,000 155,000 105,000 175,500 External supply 95,000 42,500 35,500 115,500 Transport 360,000 15,000 5,000 15,000 Other external services 330,000 97,500 64,500 45,000 OPERATING CASHFLOW 295,000 224,980 63,000 199,500 Depreciation and amortization 7,650 17,400 800 23,667 OPERATING INCOME 287,350 207,580 62,200 175,833

3.5.6.4 Values added diagram of the various links in the poultry (broiler) sector

Value added created in the poultry sector in Man

15 f Value added 12 f Inputs/services + Intermediary Products

6 f A diagram of the value added created from one link to another in the poultry sector (broiler chicken) shows that the farmer creates a margin of 6f while the reseller earns twice as much

(i.e. 12f). the roaster in turn earns a margin of 15f

Broiler farmer Reseller Roaster

3.6 Mapping and description of the value chains of the promising craft sectors

3.6.1 Mapping of the actors in the hairdressing, sewing and catering sectors

Figure 11 : Mapping of actors in the Sewing Sector

SPPLY : SEWING SHOP CONSUMPTION - SEWING EQUIPMENT - FABRIC

MEN AND MEN AND WOMEN WOMEN WOMEN

SEAMSTRESSES CLIENTS/CONSUMERS

FABRIC SUPPLERS

CITY HALL

NATIONAL CHAMBER OF TRADE VALUE CHAIN OF SEWING IN CI DEVEL STRATEGY. : MINISTRY OF CRAFTS

Figure 12: Mapping of actors in the catering sector

Suppliers Restaurant owners Consumers /Clients

Women and men Women 70% Women and men

Shop or site owner

Suppliers of Furniture, Catering Equipment and Supplies

Drink suppliers Local Restaurant owners Market Suppliers of provisions (food, meat and seafood products...)

Electricity and water supplier NATIONAL CHAMBER OF TRADE CITY HALL

Supplier of gas, coal and firewood INHP

BURIDA

MINISTRY OF CRAFTS – MINISTRY OF HEALTH

Figure 13 : Mapping of actors in the hairdressing sector

Suppliers of : Clients / - Hairdressing equipment Consumers - Cosmetic Products Hair salon - Sotre, Electricity and water -

80 % Women Women and men Women and men

Hair salon owner

Hairdressing equipment traders Hair salon Local Market Cosmetis traders

Electricity and water suppliers

CITY HALL

HYGIENE DEPARTMENT

Local Hairstylists’ Association BURIDA

MINISTRY OF CRAFTS

Figure 14 : Mapping of actors in the pastry sector

SUPPLY : - EQUIPMENT AND KITCHEN EQUIPMENT BAKERIES AND PASTRY SHOPS CONSUMPTION

- INGREDIENTS FOR CAKES AND PASTRIES

Men and women Mostly women Men and Women

SUPPLIERS OF EQUIPMENT AND KITCHEN EQUIPMENT

PATRY CHEF CONSUMERS

- SUPLLIERS OF INGREDIENTS FOR CAKES AND PASTRIES

CITY HALL

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HYGIENE (INHP) VALUE CHAIN OF

NATIONAL CHAMBER OF TRADE PASTRY IN CI

MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND CRAFTS – MINISTRY OF HEALTH 99

3.6.2 Analysis of the governance of craft trades

Local governance of craft trades in the project areas is very similar to that encountered at the national level. It takes into account:  Public or para-public structures in charge of developing the sector,  Regulations affecting the activities of the various actors in the sector,

3.6.2.1 Public or para-public structures in charge of developing crafts

- Ministry of Crafts

The Ministry of Crafts defines the general policy of the State with regard to the promotion of crafts, in particular the production and marketing of works of art in Côte d'Ivoire. Its interventions in the project area are very little known to the actors.

- Ministry of Health This ministry intervenes via the National Institute of Public Hygiene (INHP) whose role is to control the health conditions related to the activity. It ensures that contact staff have undergone vaccination sessions on the prevention of diseases known to be legally contagious such as tuberculosis, typhoid, etc. Each year, following an evaluation, a hygiene certificate is provided to the economic operator, which is made public by exposing it. This actor is involved in this study on the catering industry.

- Ministry of Trade, Industry and SME Promotion The Minister of Trade, Industry and SMEs Promotion is responsible for the implementation and monitoring of Government policy. The missions in terms of SME/SMI development are as follows: - Promotion of Small and Medium Enterprises and Medium Industries, SMEs/SMIs; - Monitoring and coordination of SME/SMIs development actions; - Implementation and monitoring of policies to improve the efficiency of SMEs; - Development and implementation of an institutional and regulatory framework for the creation and financing of SMEs; - SME/SMI management; - Implementation of the Government's policy on business creation by nationals; - development of actions to support the creation of businesses by nationals; - Implementation of actions aimed at strengthening the managerial capacities of national business leaders, particularly in terms of business management.

- National Chamber of Trade The National Chamber of Trade in Côte d'Ivoire (CNMCI) is a consular institution created by Decree No.93- 01 of 7 January 1993. It represents the interests of economic operators in the craft sector and craft companies to the public authorities. A Regional Chamber of Trade located in the capitals of each region represents the CNMCI at the regional level. The main objective of the CNMCI is to contribute to the promotion and development of the handicraft sector and craft enterprises as part of the economic and social development of Côte d'Ivoire.

- Regulatory Authority for Catering and Food Activities (ARRMA) This authority's mission was to organize and promote catering and drinking activities at the national and international levels. The agreement between the Ministry of Tourism and the Ministry of Commerce, Crafts and SME Promotion has been terminated since 24/04/2017.

- City Hall

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The City hall is a territorial collectivity whose missions, within the limits of the competences expressly assigned to it, are to organize community life and the participation of the populations in the management of local affairs, to promote and achieve local development, to modernize the rural world, to improve the living environment, to manage the rural areas and the environment. In order to carry out these missions mentioned above, the town hall levies taxes on large companies, SMEs and SMIs in the municipality, i.e. owners of craft workshops. The City hall participates in regular hygiene controls in restaurants and public places. This action supports the action of the National Institute of Public Hygiene (INHP).

3.6.2.2 Regulations affecting the activities of the various actors in the sector

The texts enacted by the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire to create the conditions for the implementation of catering are:  Decree No. 2014-740 of 25 November 2014 regulating tourist catering creation  Act 2014-338 of 05 June 2014 on craftsmanship  Order No. 005/MCAPPME/CAB/of16 January 2015 defining the terms of registration in the Directory of Artisanal Companies  Order No. 006/MCAPPME/CAB/of 16 January 2015 defining the procedures for registration in the Trade Register

Very few regulation texts exist in the sector. These regulations are not very often rigorously applied in the field. This lack of knowledge exposes all customers to major health risks. It is difficult to know if what is consumed in restaurants complies with the standards imposed. In addition, about 97% of restaurateurs work informally. This informal nature is not only related to non-compliance with standards. It also affects the lack of control of the activity by the governance bodies and the fact that it is not really taken into account in the national economy.

3.6.3 Analysis of the mapping and relationship between actors in the sewing sector

3.6.3.1 At the meso level

- Organization of Tailors

Several organizations exist in the project area but their number is not known to the management authorities of the sector. In the context of the study, the POs met had practically the same creative objectives: solidarity, mutual assistance and the protection of members' interests. The following table shows the OPs interviewed.

Departme Date of Number of Name of the PO Officials Contact nt creation members

Korhogo Tailors’ Association in Korhogo 2006 74 KOUYATE SIDI 02 94 74 32

SORO Sinematiali Union of Tailors in Sinématiali 2013 60 09 34 60 86 CASIMIR Women at the small market of Bouaké the industrial zone Association 2018 54 GUE Jeannine 47 43 34 21 in Bouaké

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Seamstresses at the big market GOTA Bouaké 2010 530 07 41 83 77 Union in Bouaké Catherine

Despite the existence of a large number of OPs, those responsible for them acknowledge that members do not attend meetings and do not pay their statutory fees. Organizations exist by name because no activities are carried out in common. There is no approved price for either products or services.

- NGOs

NGOs and embassies work alongside seamstresses in technical training or functional literacy. In Bouaké, for example, the NGO APSID works alongside seamstresses POs in the field of technical training on new cutting and sewing techniques.

3.6.3.2 At the micro level

- Sewing equipment Suppliers This link is characterized by a series of actors intervening at different levels and who contribute to implementing sewing activities. Materials and equipment suppliers : they are the sellers of sewing machines, irons, over- lockers, etc. They are mainly involved at the start of the activity or for an extension of the workshop. These suppliers provide customers with either new or second-hand equipment. Generally, equipment maintenance is carried out by other operators who are not always available on site. Sewing accessories or haberdashery suppliers : they act as input suppliers for the fulfilment of customer orders. Fabric sellers: they intervene when customers give the tailor the choice to make the outfit.

- Other suppliers They are structures whose action does not directly contribute to the imp of the sewing activity. They are suppliers of electricity, water, decorators, painters, etc. These entities provide services to tailors but their interventions are not mandatory for the manufacture of clothing

- Tailors Both men and women carry out the sewing activity. Nevertheless, the observation is that women are only specialized in women's clothing yet men generally make both types of clothing (men and women). The majority of the tailors interviewed during the data collection were trained on the job. Long years of experience have given them the title of craftsmen. There are two types of tailors:  Tailors with an equipped sewing workshop equipped with machines  Mobile tailors called''Toclo-toclo'' who do not have sewing shops and move with their machines to carry out their activity. Sewing is still a seasonal activity. The off-peak periods or periods of low activity are generally the main school holidays (June, July, August and February). During this period, the prices charged are negotiated and low. During periods of high activity (September, October, November, December, January, March, April and Muslim and Christian holidays), prices are higher and are not negotiable. The professionalization of the profession has been underway since the 1990s with the creation of a fashion and sewing school. In the project area, there is a women's training center in Korhogo that trains women in the sewing trades.

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3.6.4 Analysis of the mapping and relationships between actors in the catering sector

The operation of catering institutions consists in serving the public, in return for payment, food or drink services to be consumed on site, taken away or delivered to customers, regardless of whether it is on demand, the daily menu or the buffet. Several types of restaurants exist in the project area:  Fast food restaurants ;  Street restaurant ;  Gourmet restaurant.  etc. According to the Ministry statistics, Ivorians have different habits when it comes to choosing a restaurant. The vast majority chose drinking places (44%), followed by garbadromes (28%), coffee kiosks (13%), other types of restaurants (8%) and finally processing units (7%). Not only has this sector become increasingly important, but also it is now an essential link in the food production-distribution-consumption chain. The resulting revaluation of traditional consumption habits can be attributed to Ivorian women who have taken into account the diversity of eating habits. As part of this study, the restaurants visited are those run by women and offering daily menus based on rice, foutou, Attiéké with sauce containing either meat or fish.

3.6.4.1 At the meso level

- Organization of restaurant owners In the areas that have identified catering as a promising trade, no catering organization has been identified. The restaurant owner we interviewed did not have any information on the existence of any organization.

- Ivorian Office of Authors Rights (BURIDA) This actor collects the artists' copyrights and protects their works against piracy or any other damage. When in the catering business, customers are entitled to certain numbers of works by artists, musicians or actors or any other, the Owner is required to pay a monthly amount of taxes collected by the (BURIDA).

3.6.4.2 At the micro level

- Suppliers of Furniture, Materials and Catering Equipment They are natural or legal persons who act in the supply/sale of furniture, materials and equipment. In general, they allow new players wishing to enter the sector to have all that is necessary to conduct the catering activity. These investments have a longer or shorter life depending on the material they are made of. In the project area, various craftsmen or traders exist and present a very diverse range of products. - Beverage suppliers They intervene when the restaurant owner decides to market, in addition to food, beverages. These suppliers intervene according to the level of orders either in the form of a sale deposit or by cash payment. In the main towns of the project area, this group of actors includes wholesalers, semi-wholesalers and retailers. In the context of certain promotions, the brands marketed by these suppliers provide support to restaurant owners in the form of equipment donations, restaurant fittings, etc. - Food suppliers (crops, meat and seafood products …) These actors provide all the ingredients necessary for the preparation of meals. They are located in the markets of the project areas. These actors constitute an important link in the chain, as they strongly influence 103

the profitability of the activity. The prices of dishes rarely change, while the price of ingredients takes into account periods of abundance and shortage on the market for a particular product. - Store/site owner Generally, private economic operators build the stores or have sites. These sites are not developed by the owners. The restaurant owner wishing to use the site signs a lease agreement before setting up his activity. The location of the restaurants is characterized by a wide dispersion of the sites installation. However, the positioning responds to a logic of profitability. That's why the busiest sites are also the most sought after. - Electricity and water supplier This link is transversal to all activities. It is composed of legal entities that have the mandate of supplying electricity (CIE) and water (SODECI) in Ivory Coast.

- Gas, Coal and Firewood Supplier This link is also essential to carry out the catering activity. Private economic operators provide the energy sources such as butane gas, charcoal, etc. necessary for cooking the dishes. For gas, several entities provide the service. Restaurant owners we selected often encountered shortages. As a result, they use the services of several distributors and use other fuel sources such as coal and wood. - Restaurant owner They are master craftsmen or craftsmen who run restaurants where you can find food served in portions or on demand. Restaurant owners attract customers of all kinds with very attractive prices. They feed the customers by offering dishes of rice, Attiéké, foutou etc. Sauces are known to regulars: peanuts, seeds, eggplant, gouagouassou, leaf or tomato sauce with fish or meat. They have working hours that vary between 12 and 15 hours a day and generally work 6 days a week. The restaurant owner’s activities are impacted by several factors:  Muslim and Christians’ fasting periods;  Holiday periods.

Some characteristics of the restaurants in the project area Based on the style of installation and/or the sales process, the data collection enabled to distinguish different types of consumption sites that complement and compete with each other in terms of food supply. 1. Restaurants in fixed location  «Beverage places» mainly held by women;  Restaurant-bars;  «Kiosks» mainly held by men.

2. Restaurants on mobile tables In parallel with the growth of fixed location, a significant number of mobile sales outlets or much more precarious installations operating with reduced equipment. These are:  Dining areas (also called "who knows me"). These are areas developed by small sellers to meet a massive food need. They look like improvised canteens around markets, schools, public services, administrations or factories.  Spontaneous restaurants, which appear on a special occasion (construction site, festivity) and disappear when they close. They are similar to the previous ones and offer the same type of food.  Many street sellers offering a very small amount of food, mainly extra food.

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3.6.5 Analysis of the mapping and relationships between actors in the hairdressing sector

3.6.5.1 At the meso level As with other craft trades, there are several hairstylists OP in the project areas. In the region of Gbêkê, for example, the Association of Hairstylists and Beautician in the Region of GBEKE covers several regions where it has set up sections in IFFOU and HAMBOL. This association has benefited from opportunities to develop its activities. It received hairdressing equipment such as helmets and products (relaxer, shampoo, conditioner...) from the First Lady of Côte d'Ivoire. It also received material and wick packages worth 280,000 CFA francs from the NGO APSID as part of the craftswomen’s empowerment. Despite these actions, which reflect a certain vitality, most OP in the sector are facing the same difficulties as those in other sectors.

3.6.5.2 At the micro level

- Furniture, Hairdressing Equipment and Materials Suppliers Just like those met at the catering level, these natural or legal persons are specialized in the supply/sale of hairdressing equipment and materials.

- Cosmetic product suppliers These actors are an important link in the chain; they provide the consumables necessary for the operation of a hair salon. There are several categories of suppliers ranging from wholesalers located in the capital of the region to retailers who generally settle very close to customers. Among these retailers are the hairstylists themselves.

- Store/site owner They are not specific to the sector. These are economic operators who lease their assets from a lease agreement.

- Electricity and water supplier

Electricity and water are two important elements in the implementation of the hairdressing activity. All the equipment used depends on electricity.

- Hairstylist/beautician They are mainly craftswomen who provide aesthetic and hygienic hair or body care. The practice of this trade requires a more or less long period of apprenticeship or training. Although there are specialized training centers, almost all the hairstylists we interviewed learned on the job. They work with many young girls and hire one or two experienced hairstylists depending on the workload. To maximize their income, they sell cosmetics to customers who use their services.

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3.6.6 Analysis of the mapping and relationships between actors in the pastry sector

3.6.6.1 At the level of meso

The pastry activity identified in this study concerns homemade production or in small family units of (cake, birthday cake, etc.), donuts or beautiful floating doughnuts (Gbofloto) that are not really under the control of governance structures. It was not possible to meet with professional organizations bringing together the actors

3.6.6.2 At the micro level

- Kitchen equipment and appliances suppliers Women hold the sale of cooking materials such as cooking utensils. Men are involved as suppliers in the sale of kitchen appliances, namely: microwave ovens, cookers, centrifuges, mixers. These new and second-hand kitchen equipment and appliances can be found in local markets and supermarkets, they are essentially new equipment and appliances. Some blacksmiths also provide equipment.

- Cake and pastry ingredient suppliers The ingredients for the manufacturing of cakes and pastries are: flour, egg, butter, milk, cream, yeast, sugars. All these ingredients are easily found in supermarkets and local markets, especially in neighborhood shops and boutiques. - Fuel suppliers (gas, coal, firewood...) They provide the energy needed to bake cakes and doughnuts. Apart from gas that is sold by authorized distributors and whose price is approved, the other fuels are beyond any real control in terms of quantity, quality and availability. - Pastry chefs They are generally women who live on busy neighborhood streets or who, because of their notoriety, are established in their backyards. They are specialists in sweet recipes fried in oil or baked in the oven. For those located in high-traffic areas and on public roads, production is sold on site. These women do not really have a shop or hangar. They are frequently exposed to bad weather and sunshine. Women who work at home or have a shop are mainly specialized in the production of oven cakes such as fruitcakes and wedding cakes etc. There are two types of pastry chefs in this category:  Individual pastry chefs with vocational training  Pastry chefs who are passionate about the activity and who have learned on the job. Individual pastry shops operate like SMEs, but almost all of them are informal. In addition, with this type of pastry, products such as madeleine and cakes are sold daily, while joined pieces are made on demand during happy events (birthdays and weddings).

3.6.1 Analysis of the operating accounts of craft trades

3.6.1.1 Reminder of the trades selected by area

The trades selected by area are presented in the following summary table:

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Table 41 : List of selected trades by area ABIDJAN BOUAKE MAN KORHOGO SECTION Songon Abobo Bouaké Sipilou Man Sinématiali Korhogo Sewing Hairdressing Catering Pastry

3.6.1.2 Operating account for a hairstylist

As the activity is seasonal, two operating accounts have been produced.

HIGH ACTIVITY

SECTION ABIDJAN BOUAKE BIANKOUMA SIPILOU KORHOGO INCOME 349,000 307,500 660,000 660,000 850,000 PURCHASE 32,300 135,950 280,000 280,000 45,000 GROSS MARGIN 316,700 171,550 380,000 380,000 805,000 OPERATING EXPENSES 175,000 108,000 199,500 199,500 394,000 External supplies 10,000 24,000 8,000 8,000 31,000 Transport 10,000 15,000 10,000 10,000 - Other external services 155,000 69,000 181,500 181,500 363,000 OPERATING CASHFLOW 141,700 63,550 180,500 180,500 411,000 Depreciation and amortization 7,042 9,856 29,170 29,170 8,375 OPERATING INCOME 134,658 53,694 151,330 151,330 402,625

LOW ACTIVITY

SECTION ABIDJAN BOUAKE BIAKOUMA SIPILOU KORHOGO INCOME 215,000 307,500 260,500 260,500 520,000 PURCHASE 24,800 135,950 105,750 105,750 45,000 GROSS MARGIN 190,200 171,550 154,750 154,750 475,000 OPERATING EXPENSES 134,500 108,000 102,500 102,500 394,000 External supplies 4,500 24,000 4,500 4,500 31,000 Transport 10,000 15,000 5,000 5,000 - Other external services 120,000 69,000 93,000 93,000 363,000 OPERATING CASHFLOW 55,700 63,550 52,250 52,250 81,000 Depreciation and amortization 7,042 9,856 29,170 29,170 8,375 OPERATING INCOME 48,658 53,694 23,080 23,080 72,625

3.6.1.3 Operating account for a seamstress

Income from this activity depend on the period. The following tables present the operating accounts for a sewing shop with one machine.

 Off-peak period

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Table 42 : Operating account for a seamstress during low activity period

SECTION ABIDJAN KORHOGO MAN BIANKOUMAN INCOME 168,000 140,000 102,500 90,000 PURCHASE 35,000 49,700 21,000 18,000 GROSS MARGIN 133,000 90,300 81,500 72,000 OPERATING EXPENSES 80,500 48,500 42,000 33,500 External supplies 5,500 3,500 3,000 4,500 Transport 5,000 10,000 4,000 3,000 Other external services 70,000 35,000 35,000 26,000 OPERATING CASHFLOW 52,500 41,800 39,500 38,500 Depreciation and amortization 7,500 4,000 2,500 3,000 MONTHLY NET INCOME 45,000 37,800 37,000 35,500

 Abundance period (Holiday period) Table 43 : Operating account for a seamstress during high activity period SECTION ABIDJAN KORHOGO MAN BIANKOUMAN INCOME 264,000 210,000 160,000 180,000 PURCHASE 55,000 67,500 35,000 41,000 GROSS MARGIN 209,000 142,500 125,000 139,000 OPERATING EXPENSES 89,500 59,500 47,000 59,500 Outside supplies 9,500 4,500 4,000 8,500 Transport 10,000 20,000 8,000 8,000 Other external services 70,000 35,000 35,000 43,000 OPERATING CASHFLOW 119,500 83,000 78,000 79,500 Depreciation and amortization 7,500 4,000 2,500 3,000 MONTHLY NET INCOME 112,000 79,000 75,500 76,500

The monthly net income of the above farm accounts show that the sewing business is profitable. In addition, in shops where there is more than one sewing machine, this net income increases but is not proportional to the number of machines. Indeed, income increases if the number of sewing machines is greater than or equal to two, but labor and goods costs are added to operating costs.

3.6.1.4 Operating account for a restaurant owner

In all two (2) areas where catering is identified as a promising business for women, the operating accounts are as follows:

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Table 44 : Operating account for a restaurant owner SECTION SONGON SIPILOU INCOME 1, 300,000 385,000 PURCHASE 910,000 172,150 GROSS MARGIN 390,000 212,850 OPERATING EXPENSES 123,800 97,000 External supplies 28,800 21,000 Transport 30,000 5,000 Other external services 65,000 71,000 OPERATING CASHFLOW 266,200 115,850 Depreciation and amortization 16,397 20,585 MONTHLY OPERATING INCOME 249,803 95,265

These operating accounts were drawn up on the basis of the statements made by the owners interviewed for one month of activity. For every 100 CFA Francs spent, a restaurant owner earns 24 CFA Francs in Songon while the one in Sipilou earns 33 CFA Francs. 3.6.1.1 Operating account for a pastry chef

The following table shows the operating account of a cake producer.

Table 45 : Operating account for a pastry chef SECTION ABOBO INCOME 198,000 PURCHASE 119,110 GROSS MARGIN 78,890 OPERATING EXPENSES 24,500 External supplies 17,000 Transport 5,000 Other external services 2,500 OPERATING CASHFLOW 54,390 Depreciation and amortization 13,500 MONTHLY NET OPERATING INCOME 40,890

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3.7 Identification of promising links

The links in the promising sectors are classified based on the rate of return. This ranking was established according to each administrative region.

3.7.1 At the level of crop production sectors

The tables below establish a situation of the classification of the links of each crop production sector by region as well as the general classification. It should also be noted that one link could generate enough margin (net operating income) than another (as recorded in the various operating accounts) which is indeed more profitable in the sense that it generates a larger margin for the same unit of expenses. This is the case, for example, in Abidjan where the cassava crusher has a higher margin than the cassava producer, but the production activity is more profitable because at equal expenses the producer has a higher margin than that of the crusher.  ABIDJAN

Rate of return Rank by sector CASSAVA Cassava producer 77.84% 1st Processor : cassava crusher 77.60% 2nd Cassava retailer 19.52% 3rd Processor: Attiéké trader 16.59% 4th Cassava wholesaler 13.64% 5th TOMATO Tomato producer 74.41% 1st Tomato wholesaler 25.41% 2nd Tomato retailer 15.07% 3rd

Rate of return General rank Cassava producer 77.84% 1st Processor : cassava crusher 77.60% 2nd Tomato producer 74.41% 3rd Tomato wholesaler 25.41% 4th Cassava retailer 19.52% 5 th Processor: Attiéké trader 16.59% 6 th Tomato retailer 15.07% 7th Cassava wholesaler 13.64% 8th

The above tables show that at the District of Abidjan level, all (4) four main links are respectively cassava production and cassava crushing (an activity dominated by men) in the cassava sector, then the tomato production and tomato wholesale trade in the tomato sector.

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BOUAKE

Rate of return Rank by sector CASSAVA Processor : Cassava crusher 84.87% 1st Cassava producer 79.98% 2nd Cassava retailer 18.81% 3rd Processor : Attiéké trader 16.36% 4th Cassava wholesaler 11.11% 5 th TOMATO Tomato producer 53.80% 1st Tomato wholesaler 19.36% 2nd Tomato retailer 13.91% 3rd RICE Processor : Rice husker 102.31% 1st Wholly milled rice retailer 20.49% 2nd Rice producer 14.41% 3rd

Paddy rice wholesaler 7.90% 4 th

Rate of return General rank Processor : Rice husker 102.31% 1 st Processor : Cassava crusher 84.87% 2 nd Cassava producer 79.98% 3 rd Tomato producer 53.80% 4th Wholly milled rice retailer 20.49% 5th Tomato wholesaler 19.36% 6th Cassava retailer 18.81% 7th Processor : Attiéké trader 16.36% 8 th Rice producer 14.41% 9 th Tomato retailer 13.91% 10 th Cassava wholesaler 11.11% 11 th Paddy rice wholesaler 7.90% 12 th

In Bouaké (Gbêkê Region), all four (4) main links are first rice husking (activity dominated by men), then cassava crushing, cassava production and finally tomato production.

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KORHOGO

Rate of return Rank by sector RICE Processor: Rice husker 108.90% 1st Wholly milled rice retailer 22.34% 2nd Rice producer 15.75% 3rd Paddy rice wholesaler 11.11% 4th Tomato Producer 60.45% 1st TOMATO Tomato wholesaler 17.33% 2nd Tomato retailer 12.93% 3rd

Rate of return General Rank Processor : Rice husker 108.90% 1st Tomato Producer 60.45% 2nd Paddy rice wholesaler 22.34% 3rd Tomato wholesaler 17.33% 4th Rice producer 15.75% 5th Tomato retailer 12.93% 6th Paddy rice wholesaler 11.11% 7th

In Korhogo (Poro Region), all four (4) profitable links are at first rice husking, second tomatoes production, wholly milled rice retail and finally the wholesale of tomatoes.

MAN

Rate of return Rank by sector Cassava producer 80.51% 1st CASSAVA Processor : Cassava crusher 79.70% 2nd Cassava retailer 22.15% 3rd Processor: Attiéké trader 16.12% 4th Cassava wholesaler 13.64% 5th Processor: Rice husker 106.46% 1st RICE Wholly milled rice retailer 17.69% 2nd Rice producer 13.93% 3rd Paddy rice wholesaler 10.76% 4th

Rate of return General Rank Processor : Rice husker 106.46% 1st Cassava producer 80.51% 2nd Processor: Cassava crusher 79.70% 3rd 112

Cassava retailer 22.15% 4th Wholly milled rice retailer 17.69% 5th Processor : Attiéké trader 16.12% 6th Rice producer 13.93% 7th Cassava wholesaler 13.64% 8th Paddy rice wholesaler 10.76% 9th

SIPILOU

Rate of return Rank by sector Cassava producer 88.58% 1st CASSAVA Processor: Cassava crusher 86.41% 2nd Cassava retailer 23.24% 3rd Processor : Attiéké trader 15.95% 4th Cassava wholesaler 15.18% 5th Processor: rice husker 101.49% 1st RICE Wholly husked rice retailer 17.96% 2nd Rice producer 12.40% 3rd Paddy rice wholesaler 7.93% 4th

Rate of return General Rank Processor : Rice husker 101.49% 1 st Cassava producer 88.58% 2nd Processor : Cassava crusher 86.41% 3rd Cassava retailer 23.24% 4th Wholly milled rice retailer 17.96% 5th Processor : Attiéké trader 15.95% 6th Cassava wholesaler 15.18% 7th Rice producer 12.40% 8th Paddy rice wholesaler 7.93% 9th

In Man and Sipilou (Tonkpi Region), the classification is similar, all four (4) supporting links are first rice husking in the rice sector, then we have respectively cassava production, cassava crushing and cassava retail which are classified in the cassava sector. However, although the ranking order is the same, it should be noted that the rates of return remain different from one region to another.

3.7.2 At the level of animal production sectors

The following tables provide a classification by region of each link in the livestock production sector

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ABIDJAN

Rate of return Rank Production of 10 sows + 1 boar 53.6% 1st Oven-roasted pork processors 28.7% 2nd Production of 1,000 layers 13.8% 3rd Braised chicken seller 13.6% 4th Production of 1,000 broilers 10.9% 5th

In Abidjan, the pig farmer, the owner of oven-roasted pork, the layer farmer and the braised chicken seller are the first 4 supporting links.

BOUAKE

Rate of return Rank Production of 10 sows + 1 boar 28.0% 1st Oven-roasted pork 22.7% 2nd

In Bouaké, the first supporting link is the production of pork standard-weight pigs. KORHOGO

Rate of return Rank Production of 30 hens + 3 roosters 190.3% 1st Production of 10 sows + 1 boar 102.5% 2nd Oven-roasted pork processors 58.1% 3rd Traditional poultry retailer 46.2% 4th Production of 1,000 layers 23.4% 5th Braised chicken 10.8% 6th Production of 1,000 broilers 5.5% 7th Broiler reseller 5.4% 8th

In Korhogo, the first four (4) supporting links are: traditional poultry producers, standard-weight pig producers, pig processors and traditional poultry retailers.

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MAN

Rate of return Rank Production of 30 hens + 3 roosters 156.8% 1st Production of 10 sows + 1 boar 66.4% 2nd Traditional poultry retailer 28.5% 3rd Production of 1,000 layers 27.1% 4th Oven-roasted pork processors 21.8% 5th Pork meat reseller 16.4% 6th Braised chicken seller 14.9% 7th Broiler reseller 12.4% 8th Layer reseller 9.3% 9th Production of 1 000 broilers 6.1% 10th

In Man, the first four (4) supporting links are traditional poultry producers, standard-weight pig producers, traditional poultry retailers and layer producers 3.6.2 At the craft trades level

In the field of crafts, the study did not establish an operating account for the various links in the sectors. Only the operating accounts for the trades of seamstresses, hairstylists, pastry chefs and restaurant owners have been drawn up. It will therefore not be possible to search for promising links within a sector.

3.7 Risk analysis

By its nature, the implementation of a project is based on the certainty related to the future cash flows of the project and not on the ability of the promoters to absorb an amount of the resources made available to them through their debt capacity and the guarantees provided. In the case of CARE’s projects, women are the main promoters, risk analysis in the different links of the value chains will make it possible to identify critical events that could lead to the failure of their projects.

Among the risks, the following will be analyzed:  Project risks;  Promoter risks;  Counter-party risks;  Country risks.

The following diagram presents all the possible risks.

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Cascading risk diagram

RISKS Moral risk

COUNTER-PARTY PROJECT RISK PROMOTER COUNTRY RISK RISK RISK

Technical partner Risk of war, social Installation risk Major force risk risk protests etc

Financial partner Operational risk Skills risk risk

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3.7.1 Project risks

3.7.1.1 Project risks

These risks are related to the installation and operation activities of the project. Installation risks could be:  Absence of authorization to operate on the site by the competent authorities or owners;  Conflicts between the nature of the activity and the practices of the local populations;  Extra cost: underestimation of the cost of the structure, upward variation in material costs;  Delay due to incorrect estimation of delivery times or negligence in the execution of the work;  Non-completion due to the incompetence of the contractors;  etc.

Operational risks could arise from:  Supply difficulties (non-control of supply sources and circuits, non-compliance with supplier commitments (deadlines, quantity, quality, etc.) ;  Storage and preservation problems (food and veterinary products...) ;  Misidentification of the market, unsuitability of the product to consumer expectations;  Poor product promotion and distribution policy;  Poor appreciation of the business cycle (seasonality);  Decrease in the selling prices of the project's products or services;  Etc.

3.7.1.2 Promoter risks

These include :  Major forces risks o Accident; fire, theft (equipment, income...)  Technical or management skills risks o Inexperience in the activity, o Inadequacy of the staff's background with the nature of the activity o Poor managerial skills o Lack of knowledge of accounting and financial techniques  Moral risks relating to malpractice or non-performance of the staff o Misappropriation of assigned receipts or receipts assigned for repayment o Effort under optimal production o Negligence in the management and implementation of project activities

3.7.1.3 Counter-party risks

These risks are due to the failure of the technical or financial partners identified to support the promoters of the project.  Management risk related to technical partners; o Negligence in follow-up o Financial inability to provide optimal supervision  Risk related to financial partners; o Incompatibility of inadequate financial procedure to the different financial transactions

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o Inability to provide financial support under optimal conditions

3.7.1.4 Country risks

Socio-political stability creates the general conditions for the implementation of any development policy. Therefore, actions such as acts of war, civil unrest, terrorism, changes in legislation, etc. could act as barriers to the effective implementation of the project.

3.7.2 Risk Mitigation

3.7.2.1 Projet risks

3.7.2.1.1 Installation risks

This risk related to the project site and to additional delays and non-completion will be eliminated or reduced by:  Obtaining all licenses and authorizations (land title, building license, etc.) from the competent authorities before starting all work;  Verification by specialists of the costs of building or acquiring infrastructure;  Identification and distinction of the manufacturing equipment suppliers;  Identification of contractors and material suppliers (list) if possible;  Direct processing with major suppliers (parent companies);  Requirement of guarantees for perfect completion;  Requirement of guarantee for proper functioning of the installations during the trial period, as from the date of acceptance of the works;  Analysis of the builder's profile to assess his ability to implement the work (technical competence and financial resources);  Analysis of the equipment supplier's profile to assess his ability to deliver within the agreed deadlines;  Requirement of a security deposit from the manufacturer and the supplier;  Signing of fixed-price contracts with financial penalties in the event of additional costs, poor quality materials, non-completion and exceeding deadlines (contract to be signed with the supplier or the contractor).

3.7.2.1.2 Operational risks

Many measures can be taken to mitigate operational risk related to supply, production, marketing and income risks. a) Supply risks

To moderate this risk, the promoter will need support for:  Analyzing the market feasibility, sources and channels of supply, conditions of access to the place of supply, lead times and costs of supply;  Checking the quality of the goods before receipt. Conducting tests before the implementation of the project;

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 Signing the supply contracts requiring the delivery of an agreed quantity with a financial penalty in the event of non-compliance with the commitments;  Permanent establishment of a minimum stock of goods that can support the project activities

b) Marketing risks

 Relevant analysis of the market feasibility study during the project appraisal;  Introduction of promotional actions.

c) Income risks  Performance of price sensitivity tests;  Creation of provisions for doubtful receivables.

3.7.2.2 Promoter risks

3.7.2.2.1 Major forces

The major forces concern, accident, fire... To mitigate them, the promoter will take insurance (for personnel and equipment) from the best insurance companies for claims such as fire and theft.

3.7.2.2.2 Skills risks (technical and management)

For these risks, promoters will have to:  Rigorously recruit project staff;  Train the staff in project management technics, accounting and financial technics.

3.7.2.2.3 Moral risks

a) Malpractices (misappropriation of cash inflows or outflows)

To avoid malpractices, less liquidity should be made available to managers (promoter or staff) by paying operations directly to external parties (manufacturers, suppliers, etc.) to the project. To this end, it will be necessary to:  Set a date/date tracking system;  Make surprise site visits;  Organize periodic meetings to review the situation of the activity;  Set up project-specific accounting with computerized control systems.

b) Non-performance

Implementation of incentives to avoid dishonesty:  Legal proceedings in the event of misappropriation;  Regular account control;  Requirement for a contingency reserve;  Proposals of rewards or bonuses for the best agents.

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3.7.2.3 Counter-party risks

3.7.2.3.1 Credit risks related to financial partners

 Relevant analysis of the financial partner profile;  Contract with penalties for non-compliance with the commitments set out in the specifications.

3.7.2.3.2 Supervisory risks related to technical partners

 Relevant analysis of the technical partner profile;  Contract with penalties for non-compliance with the commitments set out in the specifications.

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Chapter 4: Conclusion and Recommendations

 Conclusion

Economic activity in all eight (8) areas is diversified and very dynamic. There are the country's various major economic sectors, with the exception of the agricultural sectors in the southern forest (coffee, cocoa, rubber, palm, pineapple, and banana). Agriculture in the broad sense remains the activity that occupies people in villages and cities. With their rapid urbanization, cities are the main outlets. Trade in agricultural products, manufactured products, handicrafts and services mainly occupies the populations. The economy of all the regions involved in the project is dominated by the informal sector. The study showed that the involvement of the decentralized regional services of the line ministries in the design and implementation of projects is generally limited, in many cases, to administrative support for initiatives designed from Abidjan. There is a lack of synergy of actions between the services and a relatively weak application of the regulatory texts governing agricultural, animal and artisanal production activities. While in agricultural and animal production, technical structures in charge of monitoring producers exist and provide support for farmers; this is not the case for crafts. This important sector of the economy remains without any real technical support. Despite this environment, promising sectors have been identified based on objective criteria. These are 3 animal sectors, 3 agricultural sectors and 4 craft trades. Each sector was mapped and analyzed at the macro, meso and micro levels. The operating accounts of the links were presented according to each locality and made it possible to identify the supporting links by sector. The situation of the supporting links by sector has been summarized as follows:

Situation of the supporting links by sector and by area Sector Region Abidjan Bouaké Korhogo Man Cassava - Producer - Processor - Producer - Processor - Producer - Processor Tomato - Producer - Producer - - Wholesaler - Wholesaler Rice - Processor - Processor - Processor - Processor - Wholly milled - Wholly milled - Retailer - Retailer rice retailer rice retailer Pig - Livestock farmer - Livestock farmer - Livestock farmer - Oven-roasted - Oven-roasted - Oven-roasted pork processor pork processor pork processor Traditional poultry - Livestock farmer - Livestock farmer - Reseller - Reseller layer - Livestock farmer - Livestock farmer Seamstress - Seamstress - Seamstress - Seamstress - Seamstress Hairdressing - Hairdressing - Hairdressing - Hairdressing - Hairdressing Restaurant owner - Restaurant owner - Restaurant owner - Restaurant owner - Restaurant owner Pastry chef Pastry chef Pastry chef Pastry chef Pastry chef

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To carry out this support, an evaluation of the project will be necessary, taking into account the immediate environment of the promoter and the needs of the market. Similarly, the profitability of the links must be taken into account in decisions to support women in the various sectors.  Recommendations

For an effective support for these sectors and above all for the successful integration of women, it is generally recommended to focus on functional literacy to reduce women's illiteracy. Specifically, the following measures must be taken :

At the level of food crop production and livestock farming  Training on technical itineraries, management, and familiarization with financial products to compensate for technical and economic gaps and access to financial products;  Raising awareness about the value of organizing and the guidance to OPA so that women can really benefit from them;  Sustainable improvement of these women's incomes requires a review of the exploration system, taking into account labor, training and financing constraints. Emphasis should be placed on the availability of selected seeds and crop material, fertilizers and pesticides appropriate for the speculations being exploited. It is therefore important to work to reduce the hardship of work and make job opportunities more attractive. At the level of craftsmen

During the mission, and in view of the above, an action to support craftswomen is very beneficial. This should focus on several aspects, in this case:  Awareness-raising on savings and its place in strengthening activities,  Management training and the implementation of appropriate management tools;  Formalization of the craftswomen who employ and generate a minimum turnover able to ensure regular operation;  Support for the development of professional projects for the development of activities;  Support for banking and the development of trust relationships with micro-finance in their areas of activity;  Development of a follow-up-coaching action for the development of management consulting.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Atlasocio.com | Published on 09/08/2015 • Updated on 26/04/2018, atlasocio.com/revue/demographie/2015/cote-d-ivoire-les-resultats-du-recensement-de- 2014.php 2. Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 2012. Vol. 14, Issue 3: 1985-1995 Publication date: 30/7/2012, http://www.m.elewa.org/JAPS; ISSN 2071 – 7024 ; 1989 3. Madio Fall and Souleymane Coulibaly ; Diversified Urbanization: The case of Côte d’Ivoire ; Rapport Banque mondiale ; Pages 209 4. Act n° 2014-338 of 05 June 2014 on crafts trade 5. Monograph of Biankouma, ANADER 2017 6. Monograph of Man, ANADER, 2017 7. Monograph of Bouaké, ANADER, 2014 8. Monograph of Korhogo, ANADER 2018 9. Annual Activity Report, Regional Office of MIRAH, Man 2017 10. Annual Activity Report 2017of the Zone ANADER in Bouaké, 11. Annual Activity Report 2017 of the ANADER Zone in Abidjan 12. Annual Activity Report of the ANADER Zone in Biankouma 13. Annual Activity Report of the ANADER Zone in Korhogo 14. Annual Activity Report of the ANADER Zone in Man 15. Report of the study on the vegetable production sectors, PARFACI, 2015 16. Report of the study on promising sectors in the regions of Korhogo and Ferkessédougou, PMI- DEL, UVICOCI 2016 17. Draft Report on the Identification of Farmers and farming enterprises 2015/2016, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Page 59 18. General Population and Housing Identification 2014 ; Page

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ANNEXES

Annex 1: List of the main laws and regulations on OPAs

 Act No.66-251 of 5 August 1966; Act No.72-853 of 21 December 1972 ; Act No.77-33 of 1 June 1977) on the GVCs with the refocusing and resumption of purchasing and marketing activities by CVGs and their unions;  Act 60-315 of 21 September 1960 on Associations ;  Act No. 97-721 of 23 December 1997 on cooperatives and its subsequent texts, which put an end to the legal existence of CVGs in 2000.The objective of the Act was to create economically and socially viable cooperatives in a context of sector liberalization;  The Uniform Act (AU) OHADA (Organization on Harmonization of Business Law in Africa) on the rights of cooperative companies was adopted on 15 December 2010 in Lomé (TOGO). This act creates two types of cooperative societies: simplified cooperative societies (from five members) and cooperative societies with a board of directors (from 15 members). The signatory States had a period of three years (2010 to 2013) to carry out the transfers at the level of their cooperatives;

 The OHADA Uniform Act on Commercial Companies and E.I.G. Law (2010);

 Order No. 2011-473 of 21 December 2011 on Interprofessional Agricultural Organizations (O.I.A.), which grants 60% of the Board of Directors votes to producers and their Organizations;

 Inter-ministerial Order No. 294/MINAGRI/MIRAH/MPMEF/MIM/MCAPPME of 20 August 2013 laying down the conditions for the creation, recognition and operating procedures of Interprofessional Agricultural Organizations (OIA);

 Order No. 2011-367 of 3 November 2011 regulating decentralized financial systems for savings and credit cooperatives ; It should be noted that all these legal acts are in force, except for laws 97-721 of 23 December 1997, 66-251 of 5 August 1966, 72-853 of 21 December 1972, law No.77-33 of 1 June 1977, which have been repealed.

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Annex 2 : Situation of products derived from crop production included in the study

1- SITUATION OF PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM CROP SPECULATIONS

CROP PRODUCTS DERIVED ACTORS INVOLVED SUPPORT INSTITUTIONS SPECULATION Husked or milled rice Handcrafted processors (Men) - OCPV Agro-industrial Companies - Chamber of Trades Parboiled rice Handcrafted processors (Women) - Ministry of Commerce, Agro-industrial Companies Industry and SMEs RICE Rice flour and Rice beer Agro-industrial Companies - Ministry of Crafts Rice vinegar Trades Rice drink - Ministry of Health and Placali, Concondé Handcrafted processors (Women) Public Hygiene Attiéké, Atoukpou, Gari Handcrafted processors (Men) Cassava flour CASSAVA Broth Agro-industrial Companies Starch Tomato puree TOMATO Canned tomato sauce Agro-industrial Companies (Ketchup)

2- SITUATION OF PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM ANIMAL SPECULATIONS

CROP PRODUCTS DERIVED ACTORS INVOLVED SUPPORT SPECULATION INSTITUTIONS Husked or milled rice Handcrafted processors (Men) - OCPV Agro-industrial Companies - Chamber of Parboiled rice Handcrafted processors (Women) Commerce Agro-industrial Companies - Ministry of RICE Rice flour Commerce, Rice beer Agro-industrial Companies Industry and Rice vinegar SMEs and Rice drink - Ministry of Crafts Placali, Concondé Handcrafted processors (Women) Trades Attiéké, Atoukpou, Gari Handcrafted processors (Men) - Ministry of Health Cassava flour and Public CASSAVA Broth Agro-industrial Companies Hygiene Starch Tomato puree TOMATO Canned tomato sauce Agro-industrial Companies (Ketchup)

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Annex 3 : List of professional livestock farmers and traders of livestock products by area

1- LIST OF PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (OP) OF LIVESTOCK FARMERS (OPE) BY AREA Number of members Main farming’ Contacts Year of Department Name of the OP Object speculations by creation H F T members SCARP (Cooperative Broilers, laying hens, 01 57 44 56 / 49 25 34 28 Poultry farming, collection and Society of Poultry Farmers 2017 110 0 110 guinea fowls, turkeys, marketing of poultry products in the region of Poro) geese, quails… Group Wobewognon in 2015 Farming and trade of pigs 19 0 19 Pigs Nangouzinkaha 01 58 41 86 Group Espoir in Tiegana 2015 Farming and trade of broilers 10 0 10 Broilers 01 30 42 81 Union of Poultry Farmers 05 78 53 25 Korhogo 2013 Farming and trade of broilers 6 2 8 Broilers in Sinistre Wadagnon farming of 57 05 37 74 2014 Farming and trade of broilers 3 2 5 Broilers fodonition Cooperative society of pig SORO KATIENEFOWA

farmers Association of emerging 40 56 41 54 2017 Production and trade of honey 5 0 5 Honey beekeepers Cooperative society of 01 91 65 32 Sinématiali 2018 Farming and trade of cattle 100 0 100 cattle farmers in Sinématiali

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URESPORC (Regional Farming, Processing and trade Union of the Cooperative 2017 6 4 10 Pigs 07 65 04 93 of pigs and pork meat Societies of pig) Farming and trade of broilers, UACI (Union of Poultry Bouaké 2015 production and trade of eggs 38 12 50 Broilers, laying hens Farmers in Cote d’Ivoire) for consumption 07 65 81 14 Simplified Cooperative 07 71 82 70 Farming and trade of broilers Society of Poultry Farmers 2017 20 0 20 Broilers, laying hens and laying hens in the Center CEPOM (Simplified Cooperative Society of Pig 2013 Farming and trade of pigs 66 5 71 Pigs Farmers in the western 01 32 64 86 mountainous region SCOOPS-CAOM 47 37 99 24 (Simplified Cooperative Farming and trade of broilers Society of Poultry Farmers 2014 115 7 122 Broilers, laying hens and laying hens in the western Man mountainous region) SCOOPS-AOGO 58 48 15 61 / 44 17 80 60 (Simplified Cooperative Production and trade of agro- Pigs, broilers, laying 2014 135 12 147 Society of agro-pastoral pastoral products hens operators in the far west) SCOOPS CAOM 47 37 99 24 Farming and trade of broilers (Simplified Cooperative 2014 115 7 122 Broilers, laying hens and laying hens Society of Poultry Farmers

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in the western mountainous region) AJPROS Group 02 47 00 07 (Association of Young 2015 Farming and trade of rabbits 8 2 10 Rabbits Promoters in Songon) Songon AJQS Association 57 90 10 93 (Association of Qualified 2014 Farming and trade of broilers 8 2 10 Broilers Young People in Songon) Poulets Ivoire Group 2014 Farming and trade of broilers 9 1 10 Broilers 58 27 24 16 SCOOPS-PROLA (Cooperative Society Production of standard-weight 07 45 67 54 Abobo 2015 32 2 34 Rabbits Rabbit Producers in rabbits Anyama) The seeders group 2016 Production of rabbits 1 9 10 Rabbits 04 18 20 92

2- LIST OF PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (OP) OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCT TRADERS BY AREA

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Number of members Main farming Contacts Year of speculations Department Name of the OP Object creation H F T marketed by members Binkadi of butchers in 04 01 82 45 2012 Collection and trade of beef 72 0 72 Cattle Korhogo Korhogo Cooperative Society of 05 10 86 87 Collection and trade of Poultry Traders in 2012 Collection and trade of poultry 60 0 60 poultry Korhogo SCOOPS B BRT (Cooperative Society of Collection and trade of beef and Cattle and Sheep Man 2017 19 01 20 Binkeleman Butchers in sheep meat 59 74 58 94 the region of Tonpki)

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Annex 4 : List of professional organizations of producers and traders of food crops by area

1- LIST OF AGRICULTURAL PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (OPA) OF FOOD CROPS BY AREA

Number of Members Main agricultural Year of Department Name of the OP Object speculations practiced Contacts creation H F T by members Rice, Group Navougossoro of Production and trade of Corn, 04 58 07 72 2013 01 24 25 women in Galagologo vegetables and crops Vegetable (cabbage, 06 94 96 50 zucchini, okra, dah) Group Yafligui of women Production and trade of Cabbage, okra, green 05 76 53 09 2006 0 48 48 in Sinistré vegetables beans carrot, Korhogo Group Chigata of women Production and trade of Production and trade of 45 97 45 95 2013 26 04 30 femmes in Lenivogo vegetables vegetables Group Wobewognon in Production and trade of 04 42 91 20 2013 29 28 57 Cabbage, onion Gozanvogo vegetables Group Yebenibina of Production and trade of Cabbage, carrot, zucchini, 584 89 06 20 2003 03 19 22 women in Gnambélegué vegetables cucumber Cooperative Society Production and trade of Corn, shallows rice, 48 82 26 60 2014 100 120 220 Nerguesigui in Lokoli vegetables peanut, onion Sinématiali Group Yepininyegnon in Production and trade of 42 72 59 92 2004 16 26 42 Onion, Cabbage Sinématiali vegetables Production and trade of Rice, cabbage, green 55 00 91 52 / 40 23 2012 25 38 63 Wobin Association vegetables and crops onion 91 79 Vegetables and rice Production and trade of Bouaké 19 11 30 Rice, tomatoes, cabbage Growing Association 2013 vegetables and crops 49 03 76 72 Association of farmers in Production and trade of 2013 70 20 90 Tomatoes 49 58 83 49 Katienou tomatoes

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Production and trade of Group etra wlin 2014 101 0 101 Tomatoes 09 21 78 90 tomatoes Women’s Association ye Production and trade of 0 53 53 Tomatoes 05 16 21 73 foungnigui in belle ville 2015 vegetables Group espoir djigui in Production and trade of Tomato, eggplant, okra, 45 12 57 48 37 85 53 kongodekro 2018 vegetables pepper Production and trade of 2 23 25 Cassava Association trawlin 2014 cassava 05 57 55 87 Production and trade of Cassava 7 33 40 Association bokou yole 2014 cassava 49 11 34 06 Association of producers Production and trade of Cassava 5 16 21 in kanhankro 2014 cassava 59 13 61 65 Production and trade of Cassava 0 12 12 Association souan ebo 2007 cassava 49 18 45 27 Production and trade of Cassava 0 27 27 Group emian egni 2014 cassava 49 82 91 48 Women’s Association in Production and trade of Cassava 0 50 50 adjekro 2012 cassava 48 04 53 67 Production and trade of Cassava 0 27 27 Association m'boussou 2014 cassava 08 01 21 27 Production and trade of Cassava 1 27 28 Group trawlin 2005 cassava 77 00 77 35 Association of producers Production and trade of Cassava 29 18 47 in kouakou sarakakro 2013 cassava 09 18 01 25 Production and trade of Cassava 64 44 108 Group oukami anian 2013 cassava 45 79 13 19 Production and trade of Cassava 17 20 37 Group m'botanian 2008 cassava 46 21 55 13 Production and trade of Cassava 33 13 46 Association koloua 1998 cassava 05 75 54 97 Production and trade of Cassava 10 17 27 Association yekou yeoun 2007 cassava 47 07 81 68

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Production and trade of Cassava 10 38 48 Group eyo enian 2010 cassava 77 00 77 35 Production and trade of Cassava 0 54 54 Group mien-moh 2015 cassava 07 32 25 14 Production and trade of Cassava 7 47 54 Group e son zombe 2016 cassava 57 86 44 78 Women Fighters Production and trade of Cassava Association gnamien cassava 0 48 48 kloua 2013 09 61 65 72 Association alliance in Production and trade of Cassava 2013 0 61 61 zougban cassava 08 32 41 97 Association ewouka Production and trade of Cassava 2012 8 95 103 ehoun cassava 49 31 60 92 Cooperative Society Production and trade of 48 95 17 14/ 41 23 2014 15 10 25 Tomatoes yafitenou tomatoes 22 61 Simplified Cooperative Production and trade of Tomatoes 2014 57 13 70 48 21 27 26 Society ehouka ehou tomatoes Production and trade of Tomatoes Cooperative sourale 2015 18 1 10 47 15 04 89 tomatoes Cooperative Sompany of Production and trade of Tomatoes 07 17 18 56 2014 30 20 50 food crops producers tomatoes Association of vegetable Production and trade of Tomatoes 08 15 18 69 2015 35 10 45 producers in Pinikro tomatoes Production and trade of 48 43 20 16 Brobo Group thy neighbor 2015 5 4 9 Cabbage, tomatoes tomatoes Production and trade of 49 18 45 27 Association souan ebo 2007 0 12 12 Cassava cassava Group nohyadongui in Production and trade of Cassava, rice, corn, 2014 5 26 31 Gbatongouin vegetables and crops pepper, eggplant and okra 01 14 93 36 Man Group seamindiankeuh in Production and trade of Cassava, rice, corn, 48 30 47 15 2016 37 291 328 Sangouine vegetables and crops pepper, eggplant and okra

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Group minzrango in Production and trade of Cassava, rice, corn, 55 55 95 47 2011 4 14 18 Bigouin vegetables and crops pepper, eggplant and okra Group confiance in 48 85 96 31 2010 Production and trade of crops 7 12 29 Corn Sangouine Group zoabo in Production and trade of tomatoes, pepper, 2017 9 7 16 Gbatongouin vegetables eggplant and okra Group the way to the Production and trade of Pepper, eggplant and okra 2018 24 27 51 success in Gbatongouin vegetables Group zrangluse in Production and trade of Pepper, eggplant and okra 47 92 21 32 2014 8 14 22 Kassiapleu vegetables UCVOM Cooperative Cassava, rice, corn Society (Union of Cooperative Societies in 2014 Production and trade of crops 441 407 848 57 54 35 47 the western mountainous food crops) CGLP Cooperative Cassava, rice, corn 09 70 25 42 Society (Cooperative Society for the general 2014 Production and trade of crops 210 116 326 coordination of poverty alleviation) SOCOPROVILO Cassava, rice, corn, Cooperative Society tomato, pepper, eggplant 07 19 85 97 (Simplified Cooperative 2014 Production and trade of crops 67 81 148 and okra Society of food crop producers in logoualé) Cassava, rice, corn, 40 37 33 43 Cooperative Society 2016 Production and trade of crops 4 27 31 tomato, pepper, eggplant IKAGO and okra Cassava, rice, corn, 09 39 13 47 Cooperative Society 2014 Production and trade of crops 103 149 252 tomato, pepper, eggplant SEMAIMBA and okra

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FENASCOVICI (National Cassava, rice, corn, 09 70 25 42 Federation of crop Production and trade of tomato, pepper, eggplant 2000 182 217 399 cooperatives in Côte vegetables and crops and okra d’Ivoire) – Man PAVIT Cooperative Cassava, rice, corn, 09 27 03 20 Production, collection and trade Society (crop Producers in 2014 405 38 453 tomato, eggplant pepper of vegetables and crops Tonpki) and okra Group Gbandegô in 69 23 64 17 2018 Production and trade of crops 20 100 120 Cassava, Rice, corn Sipilou Group Nouanyalon’lôn’gui Production, collection and trade 47 58 39 26 2018 03 30 33 Cassava, peanut, bean in Sipilou of vegetables and crops Group Watoko in Bloma 2001 Production and trade of crops 21 56 77 Rice, cassava 59 25 54 50 48 21 29 96

Sipilou Group Binkadi in Sipilou 2018 Production and trade of crops 02 23 25 Peanut, bean, corn

Group Kouakousseu in Production, collection and trade 59 67 89 50 2015 03 47 50 Rice, cassava, Banana Sipilou of vegetables and crops Production, collection and trade Group Kolôh in Bloma 2010 03 22 25 Cassava, Rice, corn 56 79 10 31 of vegetables and crops Group Zran-Yawebma in Production, collection and trade Cassava, peanut, bean, 88 72 45 67 2016 01 42 43 Bloma of vegetables and crops okra Production, collection and trade Tomato, okra, pepper, 08 48 83 75 Association Chigata 2006 04 102 106 of vegetables eggplant, cabbage,, lettuce Songon Production, collection and trade Tomato, okra, pepper, 03 02 25 21 Association Binkadi 2014 90 30 120 of vegetables eggplant, cabbage,, lettuce Production and trade of 01 76 91 87 Group Bôko 2012 01 09 10 Cassava cassava Abobo Production and trade of 04 98 15 42 Association Loboukemien 2014 06 40 46 Cassava cassava

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2- LIST OF PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (OP) OF FOOD CROP TRADERS BY AREA Main agricultural Contacts Year of Number of members Department Name of the OP Object speculations marketed creation H F T by members Cooperative Society 05 31 60 03 YENEGNIMIN of Women Collection and trade of Rice, eggplant, pepper, Korhogo 2000 200 0 200 traders of vegetables and vegetables and crops okra, zucchini, cucumber crops in Korhogo. Tomato, eggplant, okra, 07 78 61 03 / 78 86 Cooperative Society Dan Collection and trade of 2014 25 0 25 pepper, local rice, 91 03 zokole vegetables and crops cassava, banana Abobo 77 72 29 28 / 58 71 Cooperative Society Collection and trade of Tomato, eggplant, okra, 2015 08 102 120 72 59 Zogban vegetables and crops pepper, cassava, banana

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