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Bezirk Braunschweig Bezirk Braunschweig 12 Bezirk Braunschweig Übersicht am 1. Januar 2006 zum Nationalpark Harz entstand, bundesweit ein- malig, ein länderübergreifender Nationalpark. Er ist Bestandteil des Der räumliche Zuständigkeitsbereich der Regierungsvertretung Braun- europäischen Schutzgebietssystems Natura 2000. Darüber hinaus schweig umfasst das südöstliche und südliche Niedersachsen. Er er- sind weite Teile des Bezirks als Schutzgebiete für Natur und Land- streckt sich über etwa 180 km in annähernd südwest-nordöstlicher schaft ausgewiesen: Ende 2004 waren es 321 Natur- bzw. Land- Richtung vom Nordrand der Stadtregion Kassel über das niedersäch- schaftsschutzgebiete mit einer Gesamtfläche von 313 556 ha (38,8 % sische Berg- und Hügelland und den Harz bis in den Südteil der des Bezirks). Lüneburger Heide bei Wittingen. Die Ost-West-Ausdehnung beträgt nur 80 km. Der mit dem ehemaligen Regierungsbezirk identische Zu- Die Flüsse Weser, Leine, Aller und Oker sowie Innerste durchfließen ständigkeitsbereich der Regierungsvertretung Braunschweig umfasst den Bezirk Braunschweig von Süden nach Norden bzw. Nordwesten, die 3 kreisfreien Städte Braunschweig, Salzgitter und Wolfsburg und wobei nur noch die Weser regelmäßig von der Personen- und Sport- die 8 Landkreise Gifhorn, Göttingen, Goslar, Helmstedt, Peine, Nort- schifffahrt genutzt wird. heim, Osterode am Harz und Wolfenbüttel. Im Osten grenzt dieser Bezirk an die Bundesländer Sachsen-Anhalt und Thüringen, im Sü- den an das Bundesland Hessen und im Südwesten nur auf etwas Geschichte und Kultur mehr als 1 km an das Bundesland Nordrhein-Westfalen. Viele Zeugnisse der Romanik, wie der Braunschweiger Dom, die Der Zuständigkeitsbereich hat eine Fläche von 8 099 km² und eine Be- Stiftskirchen in Bad Gandersheim und Königslutter oder das Kaiser- völkerungszahl von 1 698 918 (31.12.2004). Mit 204 Einw./km² steht haus in Goslar, erinnern daran, dass in der reichen Kulturlandschaft er bezüglich der Bevölkerungsdichte nach dem Bezirk der Regie- des Bereichs Braunschweig schon früh deutsche Geschichte ge- rungsvertretung Hannover an zweiter Stelle in Niedersachsen, doch schrieben wurde. Auch spätere Jahrhunderte sind baulich präsent, wie liegen hier vier der sieben größten Städte Niedersachsens: Braun- im Fall des Rathauses in Duderstadt, dessen Kern aus dem frühen schweig mit 245 872 Einwohnern als zweitgrößte Stadt sowie Göttin- 14. Jahrhundert stammt, des Rathauses in Einbeck von 1540, des gen (122 187), Wolfsburg (122 148) und Salzgitter (108 763). Juleums, das Aulagebäude der 1576 von Herzog Julius gegründeten Universität in Helmstedt, und ganzer Stadtanlagen wie die der Re- Der Schwerpunkt der Besiedlung und der Wirtschaft liegt in einem et- sidenzstadt Wolfenbüttel. Historische Persönlichkeiten aus Wissen- wa 60 km breiten Streifen nördlich des Harzes und damit, wie allge- schaft, Forschung, Dichtung, Musik, Architektur und Unternehmertum mein im Land Niedersachsen, teilweise im Berg- und Hügelland (Mit- stammten aus der Region oder wirkten hier; stellvertretend zu nennen telgebirgschwelle), überwiegend aber in der vorgelagerten Lössbörde sind Carl Friedrich Gauß, Robert Koch, Gotthold Ephrahim Lessing, (Bergvorland). Intensiv genutzte Ackerflächen wechseln in weiten Tei- Hoffmann von Fallersleben, Ricarda Huch, Wilhelm Raabe, Michael len dieser wirtschaftlichen Aktivzone des Landes mit Industriegebie- Praetorius, Peter Joseph Krahe, Carl Theodor Ottmer, Peter Wilhelm ten und verstädterten Bereichen. Demgegenüber bleibt die Besied- Friedrich Voigtländer, Christian Friedrich Theodor Steinweg. Dass lung der Geestlandschaften im Norden zurück. Gleiches gilt, ausge- wissenschaftliche Dynamik in der Region auch heute noch vorhanden nommen das Leinetal mit Göttingen, für das Berg- und Hügelland im ist, wird daran deutlich, dass der Stifterverband für die Deutsche Süden sowie den Harz als Mittelgebirge. Wissenschaft der Stadt Braunschweig den Titel „Stadt der Wissen- schaft 2007“ verliehen hat. Die Siedlungs- und Wirtschaftsschwerpunkte Göttingen und Braun- schweig-Salzgitter-Wolfsburg prägen die ökonomische Struktur der Die Herzog-August-Bibliothek, 1572 in Wolfenbüttel gegründet, ist ei- Region maßgeblich. Das Gebiet um Göttingen ist im Wesentlichen ne einzigartige Schatzkammer europäischer Geistesgeschichte. Das durch den Dienstleistungssektor und zahlreiche wissenschaftliche Ein- Evangeliar Heinrich des Löwen wird hier aufbewahrt. Die schriftliche richtungen charakterisiert. In der Region Braunschweig-Salzgitter- Überlieferung des Landes, das Gedächtnis des Staates und seiner Wolfsburg dominieren dagegen die Stahl- und die Automobilindustrie Bevölkerung, wird im Niedersächsischen Staatsarchiv in Wolfenbüttel sowie eine einzigartige, vielgestaltige Forschungslandschaft. Durch gesammelt. Die Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek die Wiedervereinigung rückte der Bezirk Braunschweig 1990 aus der Göttingen schließlich ist eine der größten wissenschaftlichen Biblio- entwicklungs-hemmenden Zonenrandlage in eine neue Position mit- theken Deutschlands. ten in Deutschland. Dadurch eröffneten sich zum einen Chancen z. B. im kulturellen Bereich und bei der Wiederherstellung ehemaliger Kon- Während die Großstädte Braunschweig und Göttingen über klassi- takte und Verkehrsverknüpfungen, es enstanden aber auch neue sche Theaterspielstätten verfügen, unterhalten einige mittlere Städte Probleme etwa durch den Wegfall der Zonenrandförderung. Die durch Gastspielhäuser wie das Wolfenbütteler Lessingtheater. Die Ganders- die Wiedervereinigung eingeleitete kurzfristige positive Bevölkerungs- heimer Domfestspiele gehören zu den traditionsreichsten Freilicht- bzw. Wirtschaftsentwicklung hat sich zwischenzeitlich wieder norma- spielen in Deutschland. Kulturelles Zentrum des Bezirks ist jedoch die lisiert. Stadt Braunschweig mit dem Braunschweigischen Landesmuseum, dem Herzog-Anton-Ulrich-Museum, dem Naturhistorischen Museum als ältestem naturkundlichen Museum Deutschlands sowie dem Staats- Naturräume theater Braunschweig. Schwerpunktmäßig befinden sich in Braun- schweig wie auch in Göttingen Freie Theater. Göttingen verfügt zu- Der Bezirk Braunschweig weist nahezu alle niedersächsischen Land- sätzlich über die Bühnen des Jungen Theaters und des Deutschen schaftstypen auf. Er umfasst Teile der Naturräume Weser- und Lei- Theaters; in der Universitätsstadt finden auch jährlich die internatio- nebergland, des Harzes, der Börden im Bereich zwischen Harz und nalen Händel-Festspiele statt. Die Georg-August-Universität verfügt Braunschweig, des Weser-Aller-Flachlandes und der südlichen Lüne- über wissenschaftsgeschichtlich wertvolle Sammlungen, die öffentlich burger Heide. Dabei reicht das Landschaftsmosaik von Heiden, Moo- zugänglich sind. In Wolfsburg besitzen das Kunstmuseum mit seinen ren, Feuchtgebieten, schwach und stark bewegtem Bergland, weit- Ausstellungen moderner und zeitgenössischer Kunst und – auch auf- gehend ausgeräumten, intensiv genutzten Agrarlandschaften bis hin grund seiner ungewöhnlichen Architektur – das Phaeno, die Experi- zum waldreichen Mittelgebirge. mentierlandschaft für Naturwissenschaften und Technik, überregio- nale Ausstrahlung. Anziehungspunkt ist zudem die Autostadt, eine Im Oberharz liegen mit rund 1 000 m NN die höchsten Erhebungen Park- und Seenlandschaft mit Ausstellungshäusern, in denen der Niedersachsens (Wurmberg 971 m NN, Bruchberg 927 m NN, Ach- Volkswagen-Konzern das Thema Auto und Mobilität behandelt und termann 925 m NN). Im Solling hat die Große Blöße eine Höhe von seine Marken präsentiert. immerhin 528 m NN, im Elm das Eilumer Horn von 322 m NN. Das Tal der Aller im westlichen Teil des Landkreises Gifhorn ist mit we- Die Kultur und Geschichte im Bezirk Braunschweig wurden ent- niger als 47 m NN der tiefstgelegene Punkt im räumlichen Zustän- scheidend von technischen Entwicklungen mitgeprägt, was in den zahl- digkeitsbereich der Regierungsvertretung. Das Feuchtgebiet Drömling reichen Technik- und Industriemuseen wie dem Bergbaumuseum östlich Wolfsburgs ist ebenso Ausdruck für die Vielfalt und land- Rammelsberg und dem Oberharzer Bergwerkmuseum zum Ausdruck schaftliche Attraktivität wie die vier Naturparks, die vollständig (Elm- kommt. Um die reiche Museumslandschaft besonders im ländlichen Lappwald, Münden) bzw. teilweise (Harz, Solling-Vogler) im Bezirk Raum zu bewahren, hat sich der Museumsverband Südniedersach- Braunschweig liegen. Durch Fusion der Nationalparks Oberharz sen mit derzeit 15 angeschlossenen Einrichtungen etabliert. Des Wei- (15 800 ha, Niedersachsen) und Hochharz (8 900 ha, Sachsen-Anhalt) teren wirken Landschaften und Landschaftsverbände, Heimat- und 13 Bezirk Braunschweig Bezirksdaten Bezirk Niedersachsen Deutschland Merkmal Einheit Braun- schweig Gesamt = 100 Gesamt = 100 Fläche, Flächennutzung und Zentralität Fläche am 31.12.2004 km² 8.099 47.620 17,0 357.050 2,3 darunter Siedlungs- und Verkehrsfläche % 13,4 13,1 102,3 12,8 104,8 darunter Landwirtschaftsfläche % 49,9 60,9 82,0 53,0 94,1 darunter Waldfläche % 33,8 21,2 159,4 29,8 113,5 Bevölkerungsdichte am 31.12.2004 Ew/qkm 204,8 168,0 121,9 231 88,7 Arbeitsplatzdichte - Erwerbstätige 2003 am Arbeitsort je 1 000 Einwohner Anzahl 451 435 103,6 471 95,8 Arbeitsplatzdichte - Sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigte 30.06.2005 am Arbeitsort je 1 000 Einwohner Anzahl 320 288 111,0 317 100,8 Pendlersaldo (Einpendler minus Auspendler über die Kreisgrenze) am 30.6.2005 Anzahl 20.610 -120.700 -17,1 x x Pendlersaldo (Einpendler minus Auspendler über die Kreisgrenze) je 1 000 Einwohner am 30.6.2005 Anzahl
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