Cenomanian Through Lower Coniacian Events in the Upper Cretaceous of Saxony, Germany

Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol. 54 (2004), No.4, pp. 629-638

Cenomanian through Lower Coniacian events in the Upper Cretaceous of Saxony, Germany

KARL-ARMIN TROGER

Belgakademie FreibeJg (TU), Geological Institute, ZeunerstJ: 12 (MeifJer building), Fi·eiberg/Sa. D 09596,Gelmany. E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACf:

TROGER, K.-A. 2004. Cenomanian through Lower Coniacian events in the Upper Cretaceous of Saxony, Germany.Acta Geologica Polonica, 54 (4), 629-638. Warszawa.

The event sequence recognised in the Cenomanian through basal Coniacian (Late Cretaceous) of the Elbe Valley is com pared with the event stratigraphic scheme worked out in NW Germany. The following events, recognised originally in Lower Saxony, and subsequently in other Cretaceous areas of north-western Europe, were found in Saxony: Schloenbachia / vilgatus eustatoevent (Lower Cenomanian); Chondlites ecoevent, Puzosia eustatoevent and plenus eustatoevent (Upper Cenomanian); hattini ecoevent, Mytiloides ecoevents, hercynicus ecoevent, Hyphantoceras ecoevent, Didymotis ecoevents and waltersdoifensis ecoevent (Turonian); erectus ecoevent; hannovrensis ecoevent, and incostans ecoevent (Lower Coniacian). Both the oxic/anoxic CenomanianlTuronian boundary event and the facies change at the base of the Metoicoceras geslinianum Zone are recognisable. With the exception of the Mytiloides ecoevents, recorded in all facies types, all the events are well developed only in the marly-silty facies. Local events, specific to the Cretaceous of Saxony are: the Late Cenomanian Pennrich event, known from the Sudetic area, and the Middle Turonian rhynchonellid events, occur ring in sandy and transitional facies between Pima and Bad Schandau.

Keywords: Upper Cretaceous, Saxony, Elbe Valley, Cenomanian, Turonian, Coniacian, Event stratigraphy, Global and local events, Eustatoevent, Ecoevent, Tectoevent, Inoceramids.

INTRODUCTION and early Turonian successions, which was termed Oceanic Anoxic Event by SCHLANGER & JENKYNS The first integrated stratigraphic investigations were (1976). Eleven eustoevents are particularly important carried out by ERNST, SCHMID, KELLER, KLrSCHIES and for detailed correlation in NW Germany. They are SEIBERTZ (see ERNS'I' & al. 1979a, b) in the region of marked by rapid transgressions or regressions, glau Braunschweig and Hannover, Lower Saxony. An event conitic horizons, hardgrounds, concretionary horizons, stratigraphic concept for the Cenomanian and Turonian hiatuses, fossiliferous horizons and facies changes. successions in NW Germany (Lower Saxony, Munster Other events are developed more locally, for example in land Basin) was introduced a few years later by ERNST areas of rising salt structures. Additional investigations & al. (1983 - in cooperation with S. KELLER and c.J. concerning the events and their global and local impor WOOD). They distinguished and described eustato tance were carried out by KAPLAN & SCHMID (1983), events, ecoevents, tephroevents (tuffite layers), tecto KAPLAN (1998a, 1998b) - Munsterland Basin, events, litho events and phyloevents, in addition to the HrLBREcHT & al. (1986 - Lower Saxony), HrLBRECHT & global organic carbon burial event in late Cenomanian DAHMER (1994 - Lower Saxony, Munsterland Basin), 630 KARL-ARMIN TROGER

DIEDRICH (2000 - Miinsterland Basin), LEHMANN (1999 mental zone of the Elbe Valley, between MeiBen, - Miinsterland Basin), NIEBUHR & al. (1999 - Lower Dresden, Pima and Bad Schandau. This was one of the Saxony), HORNA (1996 - Subhercynian Cretaceous main connections between the Cretaceous basins of NW Basin), WOOD & ERNST (1998 - Lower Saxony). Event Germany and the Cretaceous North Bohemian Basin stratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic investigations in (Czech Republic) (Text-fig. 1) and, in a more general the Cretaceous of the Elbe Valley were first undertaken context, between the Tethyan Realm in the south and the by TROGER & VOIGT (1995). The Cenomanian through North Thmperate Realm in the north. Due to subse Turonian events of Germany, with particular reference quent erosion no Cretaceous strata are preserved in the to the Middle Cenomanian primus event, the Mid Elbe valley NW of MeiBen. Cenomanian event and the Late Turonian Hyphantoceras Faunal migrations took place both from the NW to event, were reviewed by DAHMER & ERNST (1986). The the SE and from the SE to the NW Isolated, mainly terminal Turonian Didymotis events in the Czech Cenomanian, erosional outliers are situated south of the Republic were detailed by CECH (1989). Summarized Elbe Valley Cretaceous (Text-fig. 2A), for example, the representations of the Cenomanian through basal Tharandter Wald (Cenomanian, lowermost Turonian), Coniacian events in Germany are given recent publica the Dippoldiswalder Heide (Cenomanian), the tions (HISS & al. 2000 and MUTTERLOSE & al. 1998). Paulsdorfer and Hockendorfer Heide (Cenomanian) The main objectives of this paper are: (1) and the Reinhardtsgrimmer Heide (Cenomanian). The Comparison of the Cenomanian, Turonian and basal Elbe Valley Cretaceous basin was bounded by the West Coniacian events of NW Germany with those in Saxony; Sudetic Island to the north and the Mid European Island (2) Investigation of the local events in the Elbe Valley to the southwest. Small tectonic movements influenced Cretaceous; and (3) Presentation of the influence of sedimentation. This is shown by the existence of small facies changes on the distribution of events in Saxony. Cenomanian NW-SE and NE-SW striking island chains and by the formation of a boundary trough (sensu VOIGT 1963) south of the West Sudetic Island and immediately PALAEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE ELBE VALLEY south of the Lausitz Fault (overthrust). IN THE CRETACEOUS To the Upper Cretaceous of Saxony also belongs the Upper Cretaceous of the Zittau Mountains (Upper The Upper Cretaceous of Saxony (Cenomanian Cenomanian - Lower Coniacian) (Text-fig. 2), which forms through basal Coniacian) is situated mainly in the linea- part of the North Bohemian Cretaceous (Cenomanian

'. 'PO'$ "~ OBerlin ',Poland Magdeburg Germany •,i"'-, ...... :',: '-'-""%1.'""'& ", -- , -- _ _ _ _ ~~ipzigo (-'-.-.';.. ". /CI,st. "j -----'-c:-tz" ;:J", '" "lJcI Mid-European Island -~_--~t) .. ·· ""~~~~,~~~,,~~~j,/ I------...... ,--.-.~ hemian-' D Elbe Valley Cretaceous ····~~orth60 us Basin cretaceo -"Direction of the Lower ---Cenomanian transgression Tethyal influence ~ Direction of the Upper Cenomanian transgression Czech Republic

Fig. 1. Palaeogeographical situation of the Cretaceous of the Elbe Vallcy in central Europe UPPER CRETACEOUS OF SAXONY 631

• i A i o

.A.IJ.Il ...... "d

"- Zittau

', .... ,.,,"

Freiberg Germany N Bohemian Cretaceous Czech Republic ......

I I I II land area sandy facies 1-,-,-,-,-1 marly facies Kf = Karsdorf fault Nf = Niederwartha fault c=J Cenomanian layers small islands ( Pima - Schandau ) ; Lf = Lausitz fault cliffs ( Meii).en - Pima ) ~ c=:gJ Penn rich Sandstone type locality (overthrust to the S)' B West Sudetic Islan " o Bautzen .'..... +,J \';"'" ...... -.. ~<::.. / ..;.c .. ~~~/---T-.~+. --+---+----1

/ ,~ " " ...J. ... ",'-I,., Zittau ...... \ O( , Freiberg ~~~F/-\ Cr~tace~~s - \~ ~ .. _ "" . Germany :;' Decin' ofthe Zlttau Mountams Middle European 10 20 ~ N Bohemian Cretaceous Islan ./ I I km;

11 1 1 Iland area 1 _m ___ 1facies boundary B sandy facies 1transition facies ~ marly facies '--__-'I Lower through basal Middle Turonian

Fig. 2. A. Distribution of the Pennrich Sandstone (+) and of the plenus event ( * ) (Upper Cenomanian) in the Elbe Valley Cretaceous including the Zittau Mountains; B. Distribution of the Mytiloides events (0) (Lower Turonian) in the Elbe Valley Cretaceous including the Zittau Mountains V-' '"N

0 BEvents in: Ie Events in: Events in: Ammonites 1 Events mainly IARhynChostreon Marly-silty Transition Sandy Inoceramids 2 I suborbiculatum lithofacies lithofacies lithofacies in: calcareous lithofacies Ammonite zones c Neocardioceras event _ 0 Macrofauna Neocardioceras juddii ~ ~ rare or missing qq E Y' 0 LL Inoceramus 1 1 2 Q c bohemicus Q) ~Pictus I I I s .t:: Event· • C '0 () U) Metoicoceras geslinianum lJ N pennriChfaun~K Plenus event :0 _* I a·o lJ 0 1-= =- _ Puzosia event m s;," T.+_ Chondrites events .------~~--~- ;0 8- (1) .l: -- R n u c ~.S! " :ca 16 Calycoceras guerangeri o" -EE lenses with - poS Rhynchostreum - (Saxony: C. naviculare ) .00'" ~ suborbiculatum (') ";;;- eLL ~I T * AmDhidonte event (I) "~ Pycnodonte event "c;:- ::l " Sr s;, local event in the Elbe Valley Cretaceous 0 (/) Acanthoceras jukesbrownei ~ ~ * events in the Cretaceous of the MOnsterland; ;;::

- ~ --~- ¥ Marly I Transition I Sandy IRhynChostreonl Inoceramid zonation :"- 5ients 1 lithofacies. lithofacies lithofacies.'suborbiculatum ammon. in Saxony Events in: calcareous lithofacies I ammonite zones Q .g Peroniceras po eroded Koeneni event tricarinatum z;;- .. +--- o -.',.~.--- -~l'-"~ n 8," 1_-+" Inconstans event r o 5" Cremnoceramus crassus Forresteria o " (= I. schloenbachi) Isomicraster event ::s_. 2 petrocoriensis ~ Q) a Hannovrensis event m "0;' .- . ~.------.~.------;:;0 o "po _ Erectus (=rotundatus ) ev.. • .-:t:1 ,·1 • ··.1· ...... !!I "0- =-, .... L c::a%~~~~~~~~~:~~~(j~~~)tus . Cremnoceramus waltersdorfensls ev. --- u-----I--f------I· 8, =:F~-'--'- ~_~7u I-Myti/OideSScu~~~ - Didymotis events 1 m. Prionocyclus """ C tnpo c M.labiatoidiformis germari ""0 "d % - .+- 1""0 "d 1___ +- ____- __ .. Myti/oides incertus tn Q Myti/oides incertus event- . m ;>::I +, • I Inoceramus costel/atus Subprionocyclus ;:;0 n 0;' • I Hyphantoceras event ;>::I "o...... ! ... - (= ? Inoceramus perf!!f!..xus) po neptuni tn Inoceramus costel/atus $! " r.n<::fAI/:ofll<::/n/:ona ev. n ~ pietzschi tn 0 "[;i" l.Iamarcki stuemckei -I C 8, 1_*.... [/) event 2 =- (/) - l.inaequivalvis ::;:S:: 0 ., 'TJ ~ - [/) .s:! Inoceramus lamarcki Lamarcki events Collignoniceras I--H--·---· 00 ~ Lamarcki cuvierii event wool/gari ~ 0- Inoceramus apicalis ?2::s z r Inoceramus cuvierii m _. >< ~ _j

·~·I--.-[I[IIJ-·--='Il ':r);;~;~:! ~~~~~~es Myti/oides events Mamm~te~ 5 i 0-~ 5' II {)q ----- . f-- ~ .-- nodosolde ~ 5" Myti/oides kosmatti m " Myti/oides myti/oides. ;:;0 ",s;: ,------1----- ..... -- .....--- 1------+------: "~ Hattini event (L) Watinoceras ;:!.. I-.±I.:..~-[:--I I Myti/oides hattini "po coloradoense I--·J ...._ ..... _ ...... 1__ .. - 0- "IJj e; - Lower Saxony, Subhercynian Basin ,MOnster/and 5' Elbe Valley Cretaceous (Saxony) including the Zittau Montains

~ V-' V-' 634 KARL-ARMIN TROGER

through Santonian). These sediments represent nearshore Formation correlates with the Schloenbachialvirgatus Cretaceous deposits at the southern margin of the West eustatoevent of NW Germany Sudetic Island. North of the West Sudetic Island, NW of Uplifting and tilting of fault-blocks in the Palaeozoic Garlitz, there is a westward prolongation of the North and partly Proterozoic basement interrupted the Early Sudetic Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian through Cenomanian transgression. Consequently no marine Santonian of Silesia, Poland). These Upper Cretaceous influences are seen in the uppermost Lower and Middle strata are not discussed in this paper. Cenomanian strata in the Elbe Valley. This tectoevent All these Upper Cretaceous strata are nearshore can partly be correlated with the mid-Cenomanian sequences which show marked facies changes from eustatoevent of NW Germany. coarse-grained sandstones, to siltstones and calcareous The main transgression connecting the Cenomanian siltstones (so-called PHiner), and then to marls and lime of NW Germany and Bohemia through the Elbe Valley stones. These facies changes were caused mainly by sea lineamental zone took place in the early Late level changes (TKOGEK & VOIGT 1995). Cenomanian. The basal Upper Cenomanian Ober haslich Formation contains lenses and layers with the large exogyrine oyster Rhynchostreon suborbiculatum UPPER CRETACEOUS EVENTS IN SAXONY (LAMARCK). This species is very common in the Upper Cenomanian of the Tethyan Realm, northern Bohemia Eustato-events, ecoevents, tectoevents, major facies and the Elbe Valley. This ecoevent was caused by warm changes and the CenomanianfTuronian Boundary event currents flowing from the SE. The event is restricted to were all observed in the Upper Cretaceous of Saxony the Upper Cenomanian of the Elbe Valley lineamental (Cenomanian through Lower Coniacian). The tephro zone and northern Bohemia. The oyster events of NW events are missing. Germany, which are characterised by concentrations of small oysters (Pycnodonte,Amphidonte), are absent from Cenomanian Events (Text-figs 2, 3A) Saxony. The majority of the NW German latest Cenomanian The comparison presented herein between the events events can be recognised in the Dalzschen Formation of of NW Germany and those of Saxony is based particular the Elbe Valley and its erosional outliers. A regression lyon papers by ERNST & al. (1983), KAPLAN & SCHMID that is particularly well documented around the island (1983), KAPLAN (1998a), LEHMANN (1999) and NIEBUHR chains (see Text-fig. 2 A) took place early in the & al. (1999) (Text-fig. 3). The Lower and Middle Metoicoceras geslinianum Zone in Saxony. It was fol Cenomanian substages are characterized mainly by hia lowed by another transgression. This corresponds well to tuses or by the fluviatile Niederschana Formation. The the event series known from NW Germany. The sea presence of ichnofossils in the uppermost parts (possibly level changes were accompanied by distinct facies basal Upper Cenomanian) of the Niederschana changes. A marly to silty facies characterises the NW Formation show the influence of marine ingressions. The part of the Elbe Valley, between MeiBen and Heidenau first transgression, from the Nw, took place in the Early (SE of Dresden). This facies is surrounded by a transi Cenomanian Mantelliceras dixoni Zone. The transgres tional facies, consisting of alternations of calcareous silt sion reached the region of MeiBen in the NW part of the stones and fine-grained sandstones. A sandy facies is Elbe Valley lineamental zone. Early Cenomanian marine found in the erosional outliers and SE of Pirna. All the strata are missing in other parts of the Elbe Valley. The islands between MeiBen, Dresden and Pirna were sub Lower Cenomanian MeiBen Formation consists mainly merged. There are numerous cliffs and small islands of red coloured fossiliferous conglomerates (so-called with a typical bio- and lithofacies in the lowest parts of Red Conglomerates of MeiBen Zscheila), fossiliferous the Metoicoceras geslinianum Zone. Events that are well glauconitic limestones and green sandstones. The rich known from NW Germany, such as the Chondl7tes, cliff facies fauna, especially in MeiBen Zscheila, yields Puzosia and plenus events, are clearly recorded in the corals, sponges, brachiopods, bivalves (oysters, rudists, marly to silty facies in the NW part of the Elbe Valley. spondylids, pectenids) and echinoids (see PRESCHER & Praeactinocamax plenus (BLAINVILLE) is very rare and TROGER 1989). Inoceramid bivalves (groups of occurs mainly in the vicinity of cliffs and small islands Inoceramus crippsi MANTELL and Inoceramus virgatus (Text-fig. 2A). SCHLUTER) and ammonites are rare. The latter are rep Praeactinocamax plenus also occurs rarely in a cold resented by Scaphites obliquus J. SOWERBY, Schloen water fauna, called the 'Pennrich Fauna' (HANTZSCHEL bachia costata SHARPE, Schloenbachia subtuberculata 1933; UHLIG 1941). The type locality of the 'Pennrich SHARPE and Turrilites scheuchzerianus Bosc. The trans Fauna' is an abandoned quarry at Dresden-Pennrich gression was followed by a regression. The MeiBen (Text-fig. 2). This fauna is composed mainly of serpulids, UPPER CRETACEOUS OF SAXONY 635

, 10 Bautzen

...... 1 est Sudetic Island Cl"etaceo • "'--+------c-~J-,------,---r------+----+----I .€lb lis Ofth ." -1.. I e Valley e ~, '. .-=-t---c~/'T-1"c---i---+------i " '-,,::1,_< .... '.,~ 1

\...... J ' • '...... • • i

OFreiberg Germany Mid-European N Bohemian Cretaceous IIsland:l Czech Republic ~. /

rrEE land area ~ marly facies ~ transition facies Lf = Lausitz fault (overthrust to the S) E3 sandy facies ~ facies boundary

I -.J

Zittau ...... , ..

OFreiberg -~ Cretaceous "'~ . ! Germany of the Zittauer Gebirg-e-/' -1- - ~ Mid-European"' N Bohemian Cretaceous IlslanJl:l Czech Republic ....._1 ... P~ ~20 kID ~ / .... ". /

~ land area ~ marly facies ~ transition facies Lf = Lausitz fault (overthrust to the S) r::::==:::l sandy facies ~ sandy facies in !solated ~ facies boundary L-..J ~ table mountains ~

Fig. 5. A. Distribution of the local rhybchonellid event (D) (Middle Turonian) in the Elbe Valley Cretaceous including the Zittau Mountains; B. Distribution of the Didymotis event (II), Hyphantoceras event (0) (Upper Turonian) and of the WaltersdOifensis throngh erectus events (_) in the Elbe Valley Cretaceous including the Zittau Mountains 636 KARL-ARMIN TRaGER brachiopods and bivalves, the dominant species being Hyphantoceras event (including the M incertus event) Glomerula gordialis (SCHLOTIIEIM), Hepteris septemsulca and the terminal Turonian Didymotis events (Text-fig. ta (ROMER), Entolium membranaceum (NILSSON), Lima SD). In contrast, the Early Turonian Mytiloides labiatus (Limea) granulata (NILSSON), Neithea (Neithella) notabilis events are of widespread occurrence and are well repre (MUNSTER), and small oysters belonging to the genera sented in all the facies types (see Text-fig. 2B), with the Pycnodonte and Amphidonte. With the exception of the exception of the sandy facies in the Zittau Mountains. cliff facies the 'Pennrich Fauna' is widely distributed in Four horizons with common Rhynchostreon suborbicula the Elbe Valley (see Text-fig. 2A), but it is also known, tum (LAMARCK) testify to the presence of warm currents from the same stratigraphical and facies position, from flowing from the SE to the NW in the latest Early the Regensburg area, Czech Republic and Poland Turonian, as well as in the Middle and Late Turonian (Sudetic Cretaceous Area according to HANTZSCHEL (see Text-fig. 4). 1933). It is similar to the Late Cenomanian fauna Rare specimens of Inoceramus cuvielii SOWERBY, described by JEFFERIES (1962) from the higher part of the Inoceramus apicalis WOODS, Inoceramus lamarcki Plenus Marls of southern England. PARKINSON and Inoceramus lamarcki stuemckei HEINZ The local Inoceramus bohemicus event is located were found in the Middle Turonian. A precise correla above the Pennrich event. This event is seen mainly in tion with the series of four lamarcki!cuvierii events of the marly/silty and transitional facies and only rarely in ERNST & al. (1983) is not possible. Two horizons with the sandy facies. Its type locality is a quarry near Hartha very common rhynchonellid brachiopods were observed (Tharandter Wald erosional outlier). in the Middle Turonian transitional and sandy facies The latest Cenomanian Neocardioceras juddii event (Text-figs 4, SC), in the area between Pima and Bad has not been recognised in Saxony. The extreme rarity of Schandau. The type locality of the rhynchonellid event fossils in the uppermost Cenomanian and lowermost 1 is situated in the former clay pit Pima Zehista, in the Turonian strata in the Elbe Valley, and the higher con basal part of the Lower Green Sandstone. The rhyn tent of pyrite in the marls and calcareous siltstones (in chonellids are accompanied by rare Inoceramus apicalis the so-called plenus Planer) beneath the first occurrence WOODS. Rhynchonellid event 2 is restricted to of Mytiloides hattini (ELDER), suggest a correspondence of Sandstone b with Inoceramus lamarcki stuemckei HEINZ this part of the succession to the anoxic event at the and was observed in boreholes between K6nigstein, CenomanianlTuronian boundary. Wehlen and Lohmen.

Turonian events (Text.figs 2B, 4 and SC, D) Basal Coniacian events (Text·figs 4 and SD)

In Text-fig. 4 the most important Turonian events of The youngest preserved Cretaceous strata III the NW Germany (ERNST & al. 1983; KAPLAN & SCHMID Elbe Valley and the Zittau Mountains are of early Early 1983; LEHMANN 1999; NIEBUHR & al. 1999) are com Coniacian age. Middle Coniacian through Santonian pared with all the Turonian events observed in the Elbe strata are preserved in northern Bohemia. Valley, including the Upper Cretaceous of the Zittau The topmost Turonian Cremnoceramus waltersdor Mountains. fensis event and the basal Coniacian C. deformis erectus Three main facies types can be distinguished in the event characterize the Turonian/Coniacian boundary Turonian of the Elbe Valley (SEIFERT 19S5; TRaGER interval in the marly-silty facies (see TRaGER & WEJDA 1969). The marly-silty facies is situated in the NW part 1997, 1998). The C. waltersdoifensis event is also known of the Elbe Valley between Meillen, Dresden and Pima. from the sandy facies of the Sonnenberg quarry in the vil The Elbsandsteingebirge in the SE are characterised lage of Waltersdorf, in the ZiUau Mountains. mainly by blocky sandstones. The transitional facies, with horizontal and vertical facies changes, is developed between the marly-silty and sandy facies. The facies Acknowledgements belts were displaced to the south during the Early and Middle Turonian (compare Text-figs 2B and SC). The The investigations in the Upper Cretaceous of Saxony were connection bctween the marly-silty facies and the NW generously sponsored by the Deutsche Forsch~mgs German-Polish Basin was situated NW of MeiBen, but gemeinschaft. I warmly thank the former Cretaceous working subsequently eroded. All the Early and Late Turonian group in Berlin, induding the late Professor Gundolf ERNST, events of NW Germany are represented in the Elbe and my former co-workers, Drs Thomas VOIGT, Silke VOIGT Valley, but some of the events are largely restricted to and Frank HORNA, for useful discussions, and to Christopher J. the marly-silty lithofacies, e.g. the Early Turonian WOOD, for comments and linguistic corrections of the final ver Mytiloides hattini event, the Late Turonian sion of the paper. UPPER CRETACEOUS OF SAXONY 637

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Manuscript submitted: 10th October 2003 Revised version accepted: 20th July 2004