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GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE Background Paper

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GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE Background Paper Regulation 18 Stage 2 Consultation GRAVESHAM GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE Background paper OCTOBER 2020 Delivering a Gravesham to be proud of CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 4 The Purpose of this Paper .......................................................................................... 4 NATIONAL CONTEXT ............................................................................................ 6 National Planning Policy Framework ................................................................. 6 National Planning Practice Guidance ................................................................ 7 Government 25 Year Environment Plan ............................................................ 8 Environment Bill ................................................................................................ 9 REGIONAL AND COUNTY CONTEXT ................................................................. 10 South East Inshore Marine Plan ...................................................................... 10 Thames Estuary 2050 Growth Commission: 2050 Vision ................................ 11 Kent Environment Strategy ............................................................................. 11 Kent Biodiversity Strategy ............................................................................... 13 Kent and Medway Energy and Low Emissions Strategy.................................. 13 BOROUGH CONTEXT .......................................................................................... 15 Gravesham Local Plan Core Strategy ............................................................. 15 GRAVESHAM STRATEGIC GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK ................ 17 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 17 Open Spaces .................................................................................................. 17 Public Open Space .................................................................................................. 17 Private Open Space ........................................................................................ 20 Private Gardens .............................................................................................. 20 Trees and Hedges .......................................................................................... 21 Green Roofs and Green Walls ........................................................................ 22 BLUE INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................................................... 23 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 23 Blue Infrastructure in Gravesham .................................................................... 23 Thames Estuary .............................................................................................. 23 Urban Blue Spaces ......................................................................................... 23 ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS ................................................................................. 25 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 25 International Habitat Sites ............................................................................... 27 National Habitat Sites ..................................................................................... 27 Local Habitat Sites .......................................................................................... 29 Local Wildlife Sites ................................................................................................... 29 Priority Habitats and Species ................................................................................... 29 Biodiversity Opportunity Areas ................................................................................. 30 Natural Landscape .......................................................................................... 32 2 Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty ..................................................... 33 BIRD WISE NORTH KENT (NORTH KENT STRATEGIC ACCESS MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING STRATEGY) ......................................................................................... 40 FUTURE APPROACHES AND ISSUES ................................................................ 41 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 41 Delivering Biodiversity Net Gains ............................................................................. 41 Potential Future Risks .............................................................................................. 43 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................... 44 Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 44 INTRODUCTION The Purpose of this Paper Green and blue infrastructure (green infrastructure) is a network of natural and man-made features encompassing both the Borough’s rural and urban areas, and includes the green spaces and water features essential in supporting the quality of life for the current and future residents and ecosystem. For the purposes of this paper, green infrastructure includes: Natural England’s Green Infrastructure Guidance (2009) proposes a typology for green infrastructure as follows: • Parks and Gardens: urban parks, Country and Regional Parks, formal gardens • Amenity Greenspace: informal recreation spaces, housing green spaces, domestic gardens, village greens, urban commons, other incidental space, green roofs • Natural and semi-natural urban greenspaces: woodland and scrub, grassland (e.g. downland and meadow), heath or moor, wetlands, open and running water, wastelands and disturbed ground), bare rock habitats (e.g. cliffs and quarries) • Green corridors: rivers and canals including their banks, road and rail corridors, cycling routes, pedestrian paths, and rights of way • Other: allotments, community gardens, city farms, cemeteries and Churchyards. Green Infrastructure also delivers a range of positive economic, social and environmental benefits that enhance quality of life and socio-economic cohesion. Green infrastructure enhances the local economy by promoting the Borough and supporting sustainable growth and economic development. Green infrastructure provides social benefits through supporting better mental and physical health and well-being, by supporting the quality of place. Green infrastructure supports environmental outcomes by enhancing habitat and biodiversity, by creating stronger biodiversity networks across the landscape and by mitigating against the effects of climate change (by moderating urban temperatures, absorbing rainfall and sequestering CO2). The Council has a duty to balance the various development needs of the Borough whilst also ensuring that it plans in a positive way for the creation, protection, enhancement and management of Gravesham’s green and blue infrastructure. The role of this background paper is to synthesise all the available evidence relating to the various aspects of the green infrastructure network across Gravesham. The paper sets out what the Council considers the green infrastructure network to incorporate, as well as the crucial role it plays for ensuring sustainable development of the Borough. There is no prescribed approach for local authorities to analyse green infrastructure, however it is a Government requirement that plans for green infrastructure are evidence-based. Ultimately, this paper is intended to serve as part of the evidence base for the Local Plan 4 Review and to act as the basis for the formulation of the respective policies relating to green infrastructure in the new Local Plan. NATIONAL CONTEXT National Planning Policy Framework At the heart of the National Planning Policy Framework (Feb. 2019) is the Government’s desire to deliver sustainable development through three overarching objectives, which are considered to be interdependent and mutually supportive, these objectives are: • an economic objective – to help build a strong, responsive and competitive economy; • a social objective – to support strong, vibrant and healthy communities; and • an environmental objective – to contribute to protecting and enhancing our natural, built and historic environment; including making effective use of land, helping to improve biodiversity, using natural resources prudently, minimising waste and pollution, and mitigating and adapting to climate change, including moving to a low carbon economy. Green infrastructure and biodiversity feature throughout the National Planning Policy Framework and in particular: • ‘Plan-making’ (Chapter 3) – sets out that Local Plans should set out an overall strategy for the pattern, scale and quality of development, and make sufficient provision for housing, infrastructure, community facilities and conservation and enhancement of the natural, built and historic environment, including landscapes and green infrastructure; • ‘Promoting healthy and safe communities’ (Chapter 8) – aims to achieve healthy, inclusive and safe places which promote social interaction, are safe and accessible and enable and support healthy lifestyles. • ‘Meeting the challenge of climate change, flooding and coastal change’ Chapter 14)
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