TorTor HagforsHagfors

1818 DecemberDecember 19301930 –– 1717 JanuaryJanuary 20072007

Donald Farley Cornell University Ithaca, NY

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 1 „ Versatile theorist

„ Scientific leader and politician

„ Creative engineer

Jan 2007

A man of many diverse talents

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 2 MajorMajor areasareas ofof researchresearch

„ PlanetaryPlanetary radarradar astronomyastronomy „ ScatteringScattering fromfrom roughrough surfaces,surfaces, includingincluding polarizationpolarization effectseffects ((HagforsHagfors scatteringscattering law)law) „ IncoherentIncoherent scatterscatter fromfrom thethe ionosphereionosphere „ VolumeVolume scatteringscattering fromfrom aa “soft”“soft” target,target, namelynamely aa plasmaplasma inin thermalthermal equilibriumequilibrium

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 3 AA briefbrief chronologychronology

„ 1955-59. Norwegian Defense Res. Establishment (NDRE) „ Communication via ionospheric scattering „ PhD in 1959 „ 1959-61. Stanford University „ Radar astronomy and theory of incoherent scatter „ 1961-63. Returned to NDRE „ 1963-67 and 1969-71. MIT Lincoln Laboratory „ Planetary radar (Moon, Hagfors scattering law, mapping Venus with interferometry) „ Scattering from the auroral electrojet „ Incoherent scattering theory (especially collisional effects)

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 4 ChronologyChronology (2)(2)

„ 1967-69. Director of Jicamarca Observatory „ ISR vertical drift velocities (with error theory) „ Passive moon observations „ 1971-73. Director of Observations, Arecibo Observatory „ Theory of ionospheric modification by high power RF (heating) „ “Chirp” observations with resolution ~ 100 m „ Radar astronomy observations of Venus [w/ Don Campbell] „ 1973-82. Univ. of Trondheim (Norway), Prof. of EE „ Communication & information theory „ Radar techniques and technology „ Antenna theory „ 1976-82. Founding Director of EISCAT „ Fund raising and coordinating 6 European research councils „ Concepts for tri-static antenna, data taking and analysis

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 5 Arecibo Director 1971-73 NAIC Director 1982-92

Early Jicamarca Director 1967-69

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 6 AreciboArecibo

Early

Later

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 7 Founding Director and frequent user of EISCAT

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 8 EISCATEISCAT InaugurationInauguration

Tor King of Sweden Sir Granville Beynon

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 9 EISCATEISCAT yearsyears

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 10 ChronologyChronology (3)(3)

„ 1982-92. Cornell Univ. (USA), Prof. of Astron. & EE „ 1982-92. Director of National Astron. & Ionosphere Center (NAIC) at Cornell (NAIC oversees Arecibo) „ Theory of Langmuir waves in HF modified plasmas „ Chirp technique for high resolution observations „ Antennas and radar astronomy „ Developed concepts for Gregorian feed of AO (major upgrade) „ 1988-89. Sabbatical at MPI-Lindau (Germany) „ Radar astronomy using lunar reflections for long baseline interferometry

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 11 ChronologyChronology (4)(4)

„ 1992-98. University of Oslo, Prof. of Astronomy „ Lectures on radar astronomy „ Research on scattering from Galilean satellites „ 1992-99. Director, Max-Planck Inst., Lindau (Germany) „ Dealt with numerous political issues within Germany and within MPI associated with German reunification „ Numerous scientific projects „ Began collaboration on ISR text with D. Farley „ 1999-2007. Very active “retirement” „ MPI, U. Tromsø, U. Nagoya, U. Lancaster, EISCAT, SvaSvalbardlbard, Mars Express, CONSERT (comet probe) „ Author or co-author of ~ 30 or so papers during retirement

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 12 MembershipsMemberships

„ MembershipsMemberships „ Amer.Amer. Astron.Astron. Union,Union, AGU,AGU, IEEE,IEEE, URSIURSI „ SeveralSeveral EuropeanEuropean professionalprofessional societiessocieties „ ManyMany EuropeanEuropean researchresearch councilscouncils andand advisoryadvisory committeescommittees „ ReviewerReviewer ofof paperspapers andand proposalsproposals forfor numerousnumerous journalsjournals andand researchresearch councilscouncils

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 13 HonorsHonors

„ 1978 Royal Norwegian „ 2000 “Hagfors” asteroid Society of Science named „ 1987 URSI VanderPol „ 2002 Sir Granville Beynon Gold Medal medal (EISCAT) „ 1988 IEEE Fellow „ Two honorary doctorates „ 1989 Humboldt Senior „ U. Oulu, 2002, Scientist „ U. Tromsø, 2003) „ 1996 Roy. Norweg. Acad. „ Three named lectures of Science and Letters „ Waynick, Penn State, 1999 „ Harang, Tromsø, 2002 „ 1998 Assoc. Member Royal Astron. Society „ Gordon, Arecibo, 2003

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 14 Early Meeting

Hagfors Beynon

Medal in 2002

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 15 PublicationsPublications

„ Over 150 papers (mostly in journals) on many topics „ Mostly on surface and volume scattering „ Forward and meteor scatter 11 „ Surface scatter (llunarunar, Venus, Saturn’s rings) 20 „ Astronomy techniques 8 „ Other astronomy 2 „ Incoherent scatter 21 „ RF heating (especially AO and EISCAT) 29 „ EISCAT (including design) 17 „ AO upgrade and Gregorian feed 3 „ Auroral physics 6 „ Satellite EM probing of Mars & a comet (ROSETTA, CONCONSERT)SERT) 8 „ Other (general reviews, opticticalal probing, tomography, …) 23

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 16 Tor’sTor’s humanhuman sideside

Tor was definitely not all work and no play. He enjoyed life, liked to party, and was very witty at times, especially when the subject was politics!

He was a good friend to many, good to work with, and was generous in giving credit to others.

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 17 Tor liked parties!

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 18 ISEAISEA 1010 –– TurkeyTurkey 20002000

(from Ron Woodman video)

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 19 Tor,Tor, JJüürgenrgen,, MarkkuMarkku

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 20 Germany?Germany?

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 21 AreciboArecibo (2)(2)

1992?

2003

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 22 SomeSome remarksremarks byby DonDon Campbell:Campbell:

“In his slightly formal way, Tor liked to enjoy himself and was always ready for a party, and some of the parties in Arecibo were memorable. He was spontaneous, once diving into the Observatory’s pool fully clothed on a dare from our young daughter. We went sailing in the Virgin Islands on several occasions … These trips were great opportunities for relaxation, swimming, and, without fail, a few rum and cokes.

“I want to finish by saying how much Tor was admired as a scientist and teacher by the people who worked with him. He had a passion for doing science, clearly derived great enjoyment from it, and communicated this to all of us who worked with him as students and colleagues. Rather than being remembered for the many awards and medals he received, I think that Tor would want to be remembered primarily as someone who loved to do science.”

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 23 AreciboArecibo (3)(3)

Gordon Lecture, 2003

January 2007

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 24 „ Versatile theorist

„ Scientific leader and politician

„ Creative engineer

January 2007

We have lost a wise and creative colleague, a man who enjoyed his life to the full, and a good friend to many of us. He left us too soon.

June 2007 CEDAR Workshop, Santa Fe 25