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Universidade Do Estado Do Rio De Janeiro Centro Biomédico Instituto De Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Centro Biomédico Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes Raphael Miguel da Silva Biogeografia Histórica de Celacantos (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) Rio de Janeiro 2016 Raphael Miguel da Silva Biogeografia Histórica de Celacantos (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) Tese apresentada, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor, ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Orientadora: Prof.a Dra. Valéria Gallo da Silva Rio de Janeiro 2016 CATALOGAÇÃO NA FONTE UERJ / REDE SIRIUS / BIBLIOTECA CTC-A SS586XXX Silva, Raphael Miguel da. Biogeografia histórica de Celacantos (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) / Raphael Miguel da Silva. - 2016. 271 f. : il. Orientador: Valéria Gallo da Silva. Tese (Doutorado em Ecologia e Evolução) - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes. 1. Biologia marinha - Teses. 2. Peixe – Teses. I. Silva, Valéria Gallo. II. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes. III. Título. CDU 504.4 Autorizo para fins acadêmicos e científicos, a reprodução total ou parcial desta tese, desde que citada a fonte. ___________________________ ________________________ Assinatura Data Raphael Miguel da Silva Biogeografia Histórica de Celacantos (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) Tese apresentada, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor, ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Aprovada em 15 de fevereiro de 2016. Orientadora: Prof.a Dra. Valéria Gallo da Silva Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes - UERJ Banca Examinadora: ____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Paulo Marques Machado Brito Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes - UERJ ____________________________________________ Prof.ª Dra. Marise Sardenberg Salgado de Carvalho Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro _____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Bruno Araújo Absolon Universidade Santa Úrsula ____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Hilda Maria Andrade da Silva Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes - UERJ Rio de Janeiro 2016 DEDICATÓRIA Esta tese é dedicada a Sebastião Barbosa da Silva e Ervane Nunes Miguel (in memorian). Vocês se foram muito cedo, ainda havia muito a aprender. Sinto muita falta de vocês. AGRADECIMENTOS Apesar de ser assinada pelo candidato ao título de doutor, uma tese absolutamente não é construída apenas por quem a assina. Muitos pesquisadores, professores e amigos contribuíram de forma significativa para confecção deste trabalho. Gostaria de externar a participação de algumas pessoas envolvidas nesses anos de trabalho, agradecendo-as. Inicialmente, gostaria de agradecer às agências de fomento que apoiaram esta tese, sob a forma de recursos financeiros (FAPERJ e CNPq), que possibilitaram minha visita a coleções científicas nacionais e internacionais, além de bolsa de doutoramento concedida durante o período de abril de 2012 a fevereiro de 2016. À Dra. Valéria Gallo da Silva, do Departamento de Zoologia da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (DZ/UERJ), não apenas pela orientação durante o trabalho, mas também pelo conhecimento compartilhado, paciência demonstrada, conversas descontraídas, amizade e apoio que vem se estendendo ao longo desses quase oito anos de convívio (Sim, o tempo passa muito rápido). Estendo meu agradecimento pelas fotos gentilmente cedidas dos exemplares AMNH 627, 3834, 15222 e 20267. Por causa de você consegui pensar em coisas que jamais pensaria, além de ir a lugares em que, definitivamente, dificilmente poderia conhecer um dia. A você meu agradecimento maior por, acima de tudo, acreditar em mim. À Dra. Marise Sardenberg Salgado de Carvalho, do Departamento de Geologia/UFRJ, pela paciência que teve comigo nos anos iniciais dessa jornada (sei que não deve ter sido fácil me aturar no DNPM!), ajuda com a bibliografia de apoio, se demonstrar sempre solícita e pelos esclarecimentos sempre prestados. É muito bom saber que posso contar com você! Ao Dr. Juan J. Morrone, doDepartamento de Biología Evolutiva da Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), por dirimir dúvidas relativas à Biogeografia Histórica, em especial à Pan-biogeografia. À Dra. Martha Richter (Chefe da Coleção de Vertebrados Fósseis) e MSc. Emma Bernard (Curadora de Paleobiologia), do Departamento de Paleontologia do Natural HistoryMuseum, em Londres, Reino Unido, por terem me recebido durante minha estada na instituição, nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2014. Estendo meu agradecimento à Dra. Martha Richter pela extensa bibliografia de apoio cedida. Ao biólogo James Maclaine, curador Sênior da coleção de peixes do Natural HistoryMuseum, em Londres, Reino Unido, pelo auxilio na análise dos espécimes juvenis e senis de Latimeria, em novembro de 2014. Ao Dr. Feixiang Wu, do Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), em Pequim, China, pelo auxílio na descrição de Changxingia, bem como pela oportunidade de parceria na confecção de resumos e periódicos. Ao biólogo Geng Binghe, do Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), em Pequim, China, pela recepção durante minha estada na instituição, durante os meses de março e abril de 2014. À Dra. Mee-mann Chang e Dr. Zhu Min, do Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), em Pequim, China, pela bibliografia gentilmente cedida e conversas elucidativas não só sobre celacantos, mas também sobre peixes fósseis e a cultura chinesa de uma maneira geral. Ao Dr. Alexander Wilhelm Armin Kellner, do Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia do Museu Nacional da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (MN/UFRJ), por ter viabilizado meu acesso ao IVPP. À Dra. Deise Dias Rêgo Henriques, do Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia do Museu Nacional da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (MN/UFRJ), por me receber tão bem no ato de minha visita à coleção da instituição, em abril de 2013. Ao Dr. Xin Cheng, do Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) e MN/UFRJ, pela tradução do trabalho de WANG e LIU (1981). Ao Dr. John Maisey, curador do American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), em Nova Iorque, Estados Unidos, pelo envio da foto do exemplar-tipo de Axelrodichthysararipensis. Aos doutores Michael Ryan e Jeremy Riedel, curadores do Cleveland Museum of Natural History (CMNH), pelo envio das fotografias do holótipo de Chagrinia enodis (CMNH 7997). Ao Dr. Rafael Costa da Silva, da Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais (CPRM), pelo encorajamento na descrição do material de celacantos da Formação Rio do Rasto. Ao MSc. Fernando Sedor, do Museu de Ciências Naturais da Universidade Federal do Paraná (MCN-UFPR), pelo envio dos fósseis da Formação Rio do Rasto. Ao Dr. Yoshitaka Yabumoto, curador do Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, pelo envio da foto do holótipo de Parnaibaia maranhaoensis. Ao Dr. Paulo Marques Machado Brito, do DZ/UERJ, por compartilhar seu conhecimento (e esclarecimentos sempre prestados) sobre o assunto ao longo dos anos, bem como por ter aceito o convite de integrar a banca desta tese. À Dra. Márcia Aparecida dos Reis Polck, do Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral (DNPM/RJ), pela confiança que demonstrou naquele garoto desajeitado em abril de 2007. Obrigado pelo apoio, amizade proporcionada e confiança demonstrada desde o período de minha graduação. Você, definitivamente, sempre será muito importante para mim. Ao Dr. Hugo Ricardo Secioso Santos, do DZ/UERJ, pela preciosa revisão do trabalho e ter aceito o convite de integrar a banca desta tese. Ao professor Francisco José de Figueiredo, do DZ/UERJ, pelas conversas descontraídas, disciplinas ministradas e por ter expandido meus conhecimentos sobre rock progressivo, além da amizade e apoio sempre demonstrados. Ao Dr. Mark Wilson, da Universidade de Alberta, no Canadá, pelo envio do artigo da descrição do gênero Belemnocerca. À fotógrafa (e bióloga) Regiana Salgado, do DZ/UERJ, pelo auxílio no manuseio das câmeras utilizadas. À Dra. Helena Antunes Portela, do DEPA/UERJ, por ser uma incrível companheira nessa jornada que é a atividade de pesquisa. Agradeço acima de tudo, pela amizade sincera proporcionada. Aos meus estagiários Rodrigo Figueroa, Monique Travassos e Marina Manhães, agradeço o conhecimento compartilhado. Estendo meu agradecimento à Rodrigo Figueroa pela possibilidade de analisar o material UNIRIO-007-Px. Aos meus pais Edmundo Marques da Silva e Eliane Miguel da Silva; e minhas avós Maria Nunes Miguel e Sebastiana Marques da Silva. Sem vocês seria impossível realizar este trabalho. Obrigado por sempre acreditarem em mim, amo vocês! À minha namorada ThaináKnupp, pela paciência e carinho gratuito demonstrados. Esses meses têm sido incríveis, obrigado por tornar minha vida mais linda, e me fazer um ser humano melhor. À minha grande amiga MSc. Daniela Kozlowsky (Dani querida, querida Dani!), da UERJ, pelas risadas, conversas e por se revelar uma pessoa tão especial nesses anos de amizade, você é definitivamente especial pra mim. À Julia Lima Pinho, por ter acreditado em mim no momento em que mais precisei. Você é uma pessoa incrível. Aos meus alunos, por me mostrarem o quanto é inspirador poder ensinar e aprender. Ao MSc. Rafael da Silva Fernandes, do MN/UFRJ, pelo apoio demonstrado e conversas sempre elucidativas. A todos os meus amigos, especialmente Bruna Silva, Bruno Absolon, Diego (Frango), Carla Manão, Felipe, Josiane
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