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PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis Acceptance PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis prepared By Grace G. Abou-Jaoude Entitled Assessment of Static Pile Design Methods and Non-Linear Analysis of Pile Driving Complies with University regulations and meets the standards of the Graduate School for originality and quality Doctor of Philosophy For the degree of Final examining committee members Rodrigo Salgado Chair, Chair Adolph G. Altschaeffl Rabi H. Mohtar Tim Whalen Approved by Major Professor(s): Rodrigo Salgado Approved by Head of Graduate Program: Darcy M. Bullock Date of Graduate Program Head's Approval: December 8, 2006 ASSESSMENT OF STATIC PILE DESIGN METHODS AND NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OF PILE DRIVING A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Grace G. Abou-Jaoude In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2006 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana UMI Number: 3260024 UMI Microform 3260024 Copyright 2007 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 ii To my family and my country iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am pleased to use this space in my dissertation to express my appreciation and thanks to the many individuals who were encouraging and supportive throughout my graduate studies. I thank my advisor, Professor Rodrigo Salgado, for giving me the opportunity to work with him on such a challenging topic. He is an exceptional role model for his diligence and dedication. He taught me how much hard work one needs to invest in order to achieve his/her goals. I thank my committee members, Professors Altschaeffl, Mohtar, and Whalen for providing me guidance and encouragement in my research and for being readily available to help when needed. I am grateful for the counseling that my undergraduate advisor, Professor Salah Sadek, gave me throughout these years. Throughout my studies at Purdue University, I had the chance to interact with many visiting professors and leaders in the field of pile foundations. I appreciate the guidance of Dr. Rausche when I was preparing the field pile load test. I also thank Professor Tordesillas for her recommendations on the mechanics of my problem during her visit from the University of Melbourne in Australia. Professor Paik, who is visiting from South Korea, provided guidance in the experimental work we did during the last months on the model pile driving iv and static tests. I express my sincere gratitude for the interaction and assistance that Dr. Song, from the Aeronautics and Material Engineering Department, and Professor Gedney, from Biological Sciences, provided me to complete my experimental work. I also appreciate the help I received from the Structural Engineering faculty members, graduate students, and lab manager at Bowen Lab when I was conducting my experimental testing. Thanks to Catherine Ralston, our office secretary, for being of great assistance throughout these years. The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) supported this research and the assistance of the study advisory council (SAC) committee members is greatly appreciated. Special credit goes to my colleague Dr. Dimitrios Loukidis for his guidance, advice, and assistance at all times. He is a great friend. I also thank all the friends I made during my years at Purdue. Thank you to Joan O’brien, Joseph-Patrick Dib, Gianna Zalachori, Marina Hsu, and Evanthia Christodoulakis for supporting me and for being there. I will always cherish your advice and encouragement. Finally, my greatest gratitude and thanks goes to my parents and my brothers for their enormous sacrifice and continuous support. They constantly encouraged me to go as far as I can in my education and my career. I could not have completed this journey without their love and support. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................viii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... x ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................xiii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................ 1 1.1. Background ................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Problem Statement..................................................................................... 3 1.3. Objectives................................................................................................... 6 1.4. Manuscript Organization............................................................................. 7 CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF STATIC PILE DESIGN PROCEDURES .................... 9 2.1. Background ................................................................................................ 9 2.2. Deep Foundation Design.......................................................................... 10 2.3. Geotechnical Engineering Report............................................................. 12 2.4. Post-Design Issues................................................................................... 15 2.5. Recommendations and Changes ............................................................. 17 2.6. Conclusion................................................................................................ 20 CHAPTER 3. ASSESSMENT OF STATIC PILE DESIGN METHODS ............... 24 3.1. General Static Pile Design Methods ......................................................... 24 3.2. Pile Design Process ................................................................................. 26 3.3. Axial Capacity of Single Piles ................................................................... 27 3.4. Design Framework ................................................................................... 29 3.4.1. Soil-Property Based Methods ............................................................. 29 3.4.2. Direct Design Methods ....................................................................... 39 3.5. General Design Procedure ....................................................................... 47 3.6. Conclusion................................................................................................ 52 CHAPTER 4. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF PILE DRIVING.................................... 54 4.1. Dynamic Formulas.................................................................................... 54 4.2. Review of the Wave Equation Analysis .................................................... 55 4.3. Finite Element Analysis ............................................................................ 60 4.4. Meshless Simulation Techniques ............................................................. 66 4.4.1. Construction of Particle Shape Functions........................................... 70 4.4.2. Construction of Stiffness Matrix .......................................................... 74 4.4.3. Solution of the Linear System of Equations........................................ 77 4.4.4. Error Estimation, Adaptivity, and Computation of Data....................... 78 vi Page 4.5. Conclusion................................................................................................ 79 CHAPTER 5. ASSESSMENT OF DYNAMIC SOIL MODELS ............................ 80 5.1. Empiricism in Current Soil Models............................................................ 81 5.2. Improved Linear Soil Models .................................................................... 84 5.2.1. Pile Shaft Model ................................................................................. 86 5.2.2. Pile Base Model.................................................................................. 92 5.3. Improved Non-Linear Soil Models ............................................................ 95 5.3.1. Pile Shaft Model ................................................................................. 96 5.3.2. Pile Base Model................................................................................ 104 5.4. Conclusion.............................................................................................. 106 CHAPTER 6. PROPOSED MODEL FOR PILE DRIVING ANALYSIS.............. 108 6.1. Proposed Model ..................................................................................... 108 6.1.1. Soil Model along Pile Shaft............................................................... 109 6.1.2. Soil Model at Pile Base..................................................................... 110 6.2. Basics of Wave Equation Analysis ......................................................... 113 6.2.1. Pile Shaft Response ......................................................................... 116 6.2.2. Pile Base Response ......................................................................... 117 6.2.3. Integration Scheme .......................................................................... 118 6.3. Input Parameters .................................................................................... 123 6.4. Estimation of Small Strain Shear Modulus.............................................. 125 6.5. Algorithm ...............................................................................................
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