Response to Comments on the Draft Biological Evaluations For
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Neurotoxicity in Preclinical Models of Occupational Exposure to Organophosphorus Compounds
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Frontiers - Publisher Connector REVIEW published: 18 January 2017 doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00590 Neurotoxicity in Preclinical Models of Occupational Exposure to Organophosphorus Compounds Jaymie R. Voorhees 1, 2*, Diane S. Rohlman 2, 3, Pamela J. Lein 4 and Andrew A. Pieper 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9* 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA, 2 Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA, 3 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA, 4 Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA, 5 Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA, 6 Department of Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA, 7 Department of Radiation Oncology Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA, 8 Department of Veteran Affairs, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA, 9 Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA Organophosphorus (OPs) compounds are widely used as insecticides, plasticizers, and fuel additives. These compounds potently inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that inactivates acetylcholine at neuronal synapses, and acute exposure to high Edited by: OP levels can cause cholinergic crisis in humans and animals. Evidence further suggests Stefano L. -
Chlorpyrifos (Dursban) Ddvp (Dichlorvos) Diazinon Malathion Parathion
CHLORPYRIFOS (DURSBAN) DDVP (DICHLORVOS) DIAZINON MALATHION PARATHION Method no.: 62 Matrix: Air Procedure: Samples are collected by drawing known volumes of air through specially constructed glass sampling tubes, each containing a glass fiber filter and two sections of XAD-2 adsorbent. Samples are desorbed with toluene and analyzed by GC using a flame photometric detector (FPD). Recommended air volume and sampling rate: 480 L at 1.0 L/min except for Malathion 60 L at 1.0 L/min for Malathion Target concentrations: 1.0 mg/m3 (0.111 ppm) for Dichlorvos (PEL) 0.1 mg/m3 (0.008 ppm) for Diazinon (TLV) 0.2 mg/m3 (0.014 ppm) for Chlorpyrifos (TLV) 15.0 mg/m3 (1.11 ppm) for Malathion (PEL) 0.1 mg/m3 (0.008 ppm) for Parathion (PEL) Reliable quantitation limits: 0.0019 mg/m3 (0.21 ppb) for Dichlorvos (based on the RAV) 0.0030 mg/m3 (0.24 ppb) for Diazinon 0.0033 mg/m3 (0.23 ppb) for Chlorpyrifos 0.0303 mg/m3 (2.2 ppb) for Malathion 0.0031 mg/m3 (0.26 ppb) for Parathion Standard errors of estimate at the target concentration: 5.3% for Dichlorvos (Section 4.6.) 5.3% for Diazinon 5.3% for Chlorpyrifos 5.6% for Malathion 5.3% for Parathion Status of method: Evaluated method. This method has been subjected to the established evaluation procedures of the Organic Methods Evaluation Branch. Date: October 1986 Chemist: Donald Burright Organic Methods Evaluation Branch OSHA Analytical Laboratory Salt Lake City, Utah 1 of 27 T-62-FV-01-8610-M 1. -
Malathion Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment Final Report
SERA TR-052-02-02c Malathion Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment Final Report Submitted to: Paul Mistretta, COR USDA/Forest Service, Southern Region 1720 Peachtree RD, NW Atlanta, Georgia 30309 USDA Forest Service Contract: AG-3187-C-06-0010 USDA Forest Order Number: AG-43ZP-D-06-0012 SERA Internal Task No. 52-02 Submitted by: Patrick R. Durkin Syracuse Environmental Research Associates, Inc. 5100 Highbridge St., 42C Fayetteville, New York 13066-0950 Fax: (315) 637-0445 E-Mail: [email protected] Home Page: www.sera-inc.com May 12, 2008 Table of Contents Table of Contents............................................................................................................................ ii List of Figures................................................................................................................................. v List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. vi List of Appendices ......................................................................................................................... vi List of Attachments........................................................................................................................ vi ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS ............................................................... vii COMMON UNIT CONVERSIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS.................................................... x CONVERSION OF SCIENTIFIC NOTATION .......................................................................... -
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Chlorpyrifos
United State. Office of Water EPA 440/5-86~05 Environmental Protection Regulations and Standards September 1986 Amy l. lea~erry Agency Criteria and Standards Division Washington DC 20460 Water &EPA Ambient Wat'er Quality Criteria for Chlorpyrifos - 1986 &~IENT AQUATIC LIFE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR CHLORPYRIFOS U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES DULUTH, MINNESOTA NARRAGANSETT, RHODE ISLAND NOTICES This document has been reviewed by the Criteria and Standards Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This document is availaryle to the public throu~h the National Technical Inf0rmation Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. 11 FOREWORD Section 304(a)(1) of the Clean Water Act of 1977 (P.L. 95-217) requires the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to publish water quality criteria that accurately reflect the latest scientific knowledge on the kind and extent of all identifiable effects on health and welfare that might be expected from the presence of pollutants in any body of water~ including ground water. This document is a revision of proposed criteria based upon consideration of comments received from other Federal agencies~ State agencies~ special interest groups~ and individual scientists. Criteria contained in this document replace any previously published EPA aquatic life criteria for the same pollutant(s). The term "water quality criteria" is used in two sections of the Clean Water Act~ section 304(a)(1) and section 303(c)(2). -
Probabilistic Assessment of the Cumulative Acute Exposure to Organophosphorus and Carbamate Insecticides in the Brazilian Diet E.D
Toxicology 222 (2006) 132–142 Probabilistic assessment of the cumulative acute exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in the Brazilian diet E.D. Caldas a,∗, P.E. Boon b, J. Tressou c a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Bras´ılia, 70919-970 Bras´ılia, DF, Brazil b RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands c INRA, Unit´eM´et@risk, Methodologies d’analyse de risque alimentaire INA-PG, 75231 Paris, France Received 10 October 2005; received in revised form 1 February 2006; accepted 13 February 2006 Available online 6 March 2006 Abstract In the present study, the cumulative exposure of 25 acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibiting pesticides through the consumption of nine fruits and vegetables by the Brazilian population was assessed. Food consumption data were obtained from a household budget survey conducted in all Brazilian states from July 2002 to June 2003. Residue data from 4001 samples were obtained from the Brazilian national monitoring program on pesticide residues. Relative potency factors (RPF) were calculated with methamidophos or acephate as index compounds (IC), using BMD10 or NOAEL for AChE inhibition, mostly in rat brain, obtained from national and international pesticide evaluations. Monocrotophos and triazophos, in addition to aldicarb, had the highest calculated RPF in any scenario. The exposure to AChE inhibiting pesticides for the general population at P99.9, represented 33.6% of the ARfD as methamidophos and 70.2% ARfD as acephate. The exposure calculated as acephate could exceed the ARfD at the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval for this percentile. -
The Dietary Supplement Specialists
ADVANCED LABORATORIES STYLE GUIDE: LOGO CMYK COLORS CMYK C 100% M o% Y o% K o% THE DIETARY SUPPLEMENT SPECIALISTS GRAY SCALE C 0% M o% Y o% K 50% BLACK/WHITE C 75% M 68% Y 67% K 90% THE DIETARY SUPPLEMENT SPECIALISTS Price and Capabilites list ADVANCED LABORATORIES STYLE GUIDE: LOGO CMYK COLORS CMYK C 100% M o% Y o% K o% THE DIETARY SUPPLEMENT SPECIALISTS ADVANCED LABORATORIES CAN PROVIDE ALL OF YOUR ANALYTICAL TESTING NEEDS: GRAY SCALE • Microbiological Analysis • One-stop Sample Shipping C 0% M o% • Chemical Analysis (HPLC, GC, FTIR, etc.) • Competitive pricing, with value-added at no additional charge. Y o% • Metals Analysis (ICP, ICP/MS) • Quick turn-around time, typically 3-5 business days K 50% • Raw Materials Analysis • Open 6 Days / Week includes receiving deliveries and • Finished Products Analysis reporting results on Saturday. Closed major holidays. • Food Products Analysis • Trend Check™ Online Sample Data • Nutritional Labeling Amino Acids | Botanicals | Microbiological | Metals/Minerals | Nutritional Supplements Nutritional Labeling | Pesticide Screens | Shelf-Life Testing | Vitamins cGMP Compliant - Please come audit us! ISO/IEC 17025:2005 BLACK/WHITE C 75% M 68% Our Trend CheckTM online program allows customers to view Y 67% K 90% all pertinent sample data including final test certificates, up to date test results, the ability to export to Excel for easy data entry or trend analysis, as well as access invoices quickly, efficiently, and securely at any time. All this at no charge! One Day Rush = 100% Surcharge | Two Day Rush = 50% Surcharge | Three Day Rush = 25% Surcharge The information provided by Advanced Laboratories® is based on the most popular testing. -
Pesticides and Toxic Substances
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON D.C., 20460 OFFICE OF PREVENTION, PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES MEMORANDUM DATE: July 31, 2006 SUBJECT: Finalization of Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (IREDs) and Interim Tolerance Reassessment and Risk Management Decisions (TREDs) for the Organophosphate Pesticides, and Completion of the Tolerance Reassessment and Reregistration Eligibility Process for the Organophosphate Pesticides FROM: Debra Edwards, Director Special Review and Reregistration Division Office of Pesticide Programs TO: Jim Jones, Director Office of Pesticide Programs As you know, EPA has completed its assessment of the cumulative risks from the organophosphate (OP) class of pesticides as required by the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. In addition, the individual OPs have also been subject to review through the individual- chemical review process. The Agency’s review of individual OPs has resulted in the issuance of Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decisions (IREDs) for 22 OPs, interim Tolerance Reassessment and Risk Management Decisions (TREDs) for 8 OPs, and a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) for one OP, malathion.1 These 31 OPs are listed in Appendix A. EPA has concluded, after completing its assessment of the cumulative risks associated with exposures to all of the OPs, that: (1) the pesticides covered by the IREDs that were pending the results of the OP cumulative assessment (listed in Attachment A) are indeed eligible for reregistration; and 1 Malathion is included in the OP cumulative assessment. However, the Agency has issued a RED for malathion, rather than an IRED, because the decision was signed on the same day as the completion of the OP cumulative assessment. -
Investigation on the Behavior of Pesticides in Atmosphere
Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 11: 783–790, 2011 Copyright © Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research ISSN: 1680-8584 print / 2071-1409 online doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2010.10.0085 Investigation on the Behavior of Pesticides in Atmosphere Pasquale Avino1, Giuseppe Cinelli2, Ivan Notardonato2, Mario V. Russo2* 1 DIPIA, INAIL (ex-ISPESL), via Urbana 167, 00184 Rome, Italy 2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Molise, via De Sanctis, Campobasso, Italy ABSTRACT Although pesticides are widely used in agriculture, they and in particular the relative residues in foodstuffs, water and atmosphere, may cause remarkable sanitary problems due to the harmful effects (carcinogenic and mutagenic effects) on the human health. In fact, their spread in waters and atmosphere can produce undesired effects on various organisms and/or water contamination. This paper shows an analytical approach based on XAD-2 adsorbent and GC analysis for evaluating the pesticide trend in atmosphere: in particular, the pesticides investigated are omethoate, dicrotofos, disulfoton, dimethoate, parathion methyl, formothion, paraoxon ethyl, malaoxon, parathion ethyl, iodofenfos and triazofos. For the analytical methodology a linearity response was obtained (r2 = 0.9988) in GC-NPD whereas the limits of detection range between 2 and 5 pg/μL in GC-NPD with a Relative Standard Deviation below 9.5. Finally, this approach has been successfully applied to real samples: the results show that dimethoate concentration decreases with increasing distance from the sampling site but it is still persistent in atmosphere after few days from the pesticide spraying. Keywords: Pesticides; XAD-2 adsorbent; GC analysis; Atmosphere; Air quality. INTRODUCTION 2009). One of the most important OP reactions is water hydrolysis. -
Redalyc.Methodological Approach for the Trend Evaluation of Pesticides
Revista CENIC. Ciencias Químicas ISSN: 1015-8553 [email protected] Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Cuba Vincenzo Russo, Mario; Avino, Pasquale; Bisignani, Raffaella Methodological Approach for the Trend Evaluation of Pesticides in Atmosphere: Preliminary Results Revista CENIC. Ciencias Químicas, vol. 36, 2005 Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas La Habana, Cuba Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=181620511032 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Revista CENIC Ciencias Químicas, Vol. 36, No. Especial, 2005 Methodological Approach for the Trend Evaluation of Pesticides in Atmosphere: Preliminary Results Mario Vincenzo Russo1*, Pasquale Avino2 and Raffaella Bisignani1 1 Facoltà di Agraria (DISTAAM), Università del Molise, 2 Laboratorio Inquinamento Chimico dell’Aria, Dipartimento Insediamenti Produttivi e Interazione con l’Ambiente – Istituto Superiore per la Prevenzione E la Sicurezza sul Lavoro, Via De Sanctis – 86100 Campobasso (Italy). Ph.: +39-0874-404-634; Fax: +39- 0874-404-652; E-mail: [email protected] Via Urbana 167 – 00184 Rome (Italy). Ph.: +39 064714242, Fax: +39 064744017; E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Although the pesticides are widely used in agriculture, they, and in particular the relative residues in foodstuff, waters and atmosphere, make a remarkable social alarm and sanitary problems for the harmful effects (carcinogenic and mutagenic effects) producing on the human health. In fact, their spread in waters and atmosphere can produce undesired effects on various organisms and determine the irrigation or drinkable water contamination. -
Qsar Analysis of the Chemical Hydrolysis of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Natural Waters
QSAR ANALYSIS OF THE CHEMICAL HYDROLYSIS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES IN NATURAL WATERS. by Kenneth K. Tanji Principal Investigator and Jonathan 1. Sullivan Graduate Research Assistant Department of Land, Air and Water Resources University of California, Davis Technical Completion Report Project Number W-843 August, 1995 University of California Water Resource Center The research leading to this report was supported by the University of California Water Resource Center as part of Water Resource Center Project W-843. Table of Contents Page Abstract 2 Problem and Research Objectives 3 Introduction 5 Theoretical Background 6 QSAR Methodology 7 Molecular Connectivity Theory 8 Organophosphorus Pesticides 12 Experimental Determination of Rates 15 Results and Discussion 17 Principal Findings and Significance 19 References 34 List of Tables Page Table 1. Statistical relationship between OP pesticides and first-order MC/'s. 30 Table 2. Inherent conditions of waters used in experimental work. 16 Table 3. Estimated half-lives for organophosphorus esters derived from model. 31 Table 4. Half-lives and first-order MCI' sfor model calibration data set. 31 Table 5. Experimental kinetic data for validation set compounds, Sacramento. 33 List of Figures Page Figure 1. Essential Features OfQSAR Modeling Methodology. 21 Figure 2. Regression plot for In hydrolysis rate vs. 1st order MCl' s. 22 Figure 3. a 3-D molecular model, a line-segment model and a graphical model. 23 Figure 4. Molecular connectivity index suborders. 24 Figure 5. Chlorpyrifos and its fourteen fourth order path/cluster fragments. 25 Figure 6. Abridged MClndex output. 26 Figure 7. Parent acids of most common organophosphorus pesticides. 12 Figure 8. -
Environmental Health Criteria 63 ORGANOPHOSPHORUS
Environmental Health Criteria 63 ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES: A GENERAL INTRODUCTION Please note that the layout and pagination of this web version are not identical with the printed version. Organophophorus insecticides: a general introduction (EHC 63, 1986) INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA 63 ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES: A GENERAL INTRODUCTION This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, or the World Health Organization. Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization World Health Orgnization Geneva, 1986 The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization. The main objective of the IPCS is to carry out and disseminate evaluations of the effects of chemicals on human health and the quality of the environment. Supporting activities include the development of epidemiological, experimental laboratory, and risk-assessment methods that could produce internationally comparable results, and the development of manpower in the field of toxicology. Other activities carried out by the IPCS include the development of know-how for coping with chemical accidents, coordination -
Recent Advances on Detection of Insecticides Using Optical Sensors
sensors Review Recent Advances on Detection of Insecticides Using Optical Sensors Nurul Illya Muhamad Fauzi 1, Yap Wing Fen 1,2,*, Nur Alia Sheh Omar 1,2 and Hazwani Suhaila Hashim 2 1 Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] (N.I.M.F.); [email protected] (N.A.S.O.) 2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Insecticides are enormously important to industry requirements and market demands in agriculture. Despite their usefulness, these insecticides can pose a dangerous risk to the safety of food, environment and all living things through various mechanisms of action. Concern about the environmental impact of repeated use of insecticides has prompted many researchers to develop rapid, economical, uncomplicated and user-friendly analytical method for the detection of insecticides. In this regards, optical sensors are considered as favorable methods for insecticides analysis because of their special features including rapid detection time, low cost, easy to use and high selectivity and sensitivity. In this review, current progresses of incorporation between recognition elements and optical sensors for insecticide detection are discussed and evaluated well, by categorizing it based on insecticide chemical classes, including the range of detection and limit of detection. Additionally, this review aims to provide powerful insights to researchers for the future development of optical sensors in the detection of insecticides. Citation: Fauzi, N.I.M.; Fen, Y.W.; Omar, N.A.S.; Hashim, H.S. Recent Keywords: insecticides; optical sensor; recognition element Advances on Detection of Insecticides Using Optical Sensors.