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Holographic Principle and Applications to Fermion Systems
Imperial College London Master Dissertation Holographic Principle and Applications to Fermion Systems Author: Supervisor: Napat Poovuttikul Dr. Toby Wiseman A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Sciences in the Theoretical Physics Group Imperial College London September 2013 You need a different way of looking at them than starting from single particle descriptions.You don't try to explain the ocean in terms of individual water molecules Sean Hartnoll [1] Acknowledgements I am most grateful to my supervisor, Toby Wiseman, who dedicated his time reading through my dissertation plan, answering a lot of tedious questions and give me number of in- sightful explanations. I would also like to thanks my soon to be PhD supervisor, Jan Zaanen, for sharing an early draft of his review in this topic and give me the opportunity to work in the area of this dissertation. I cannot forget to show my gratitude to Amihay Hanay for his exotic string theory course and Michela Petrini for giving very good introductory lectures in AdS/CFT. I would particularly like to thanks a number of friends who help me during the period of the dissertation. I had valuable discussions with Simon Nakach, Christiana Pentelidou, Alex Adam, Piyabut Burikham, Kritaphat Songsriin. I would also like to thanks Freddy Page and Anne-Silvie Deutsch for their advices in using Inkscape, Matthew Citron, Christiana Pantelidou and Supakchi Ponglertsakul for their helps on Mathematica coding and typesetting latex. The detailed comments provided -
M Theory As a Holographic Field Theory
hep-th/9712130 CALT-68-2152 M-Theory as a Holographic Field Theory Petr Hoˇrava California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA [email protected] We suggest that M-theory could be non-perturbatively equivalent to a local quantum field theory. More precisely, we present a “renormalizable” gauge theory in eleven dimensions, and show that it exhibits various properties expected of quantum M-theory, most no- tably the holographic principle of ’t Hooft and Susskind. The theory also satisfies Mach’s principle: A macroscopically large space-time (and the inertia of low-energy excitations) is generated by a large number of “partons” in the microscopic theory. We argue that at low energies in large eleven dimensions, the theory should be effectively described by arXiv:hep-th/9712130 v2 10 Nov 1998 eleven-dimensional supergravity. This effective description breaks down at much lower energies than naively expected, precisely when the system saturates the Bekenstein bound on energy density. We show that the number of partons scales like the area of the surface surrounding the system, and discuss how this holographic reduction of degrees of freedom affects the cosmological constant problem. We propose the holographic field theory as a candidate for a covariant, non-perturbative formulation of quantum M-theory. December 1997 1. Introduction M-theory has emerged from our understanding of non-perturbative string dynamics, as a hypothetical quantum theory which has eleven-dimensional supergravity [1] as its low- energy limit, and is related to string theory via various dualities [2-4] (for an introduction and references, see e.g. -
Detailing Coherent, Minimum Uncertainty States of Gravitons, As
Journal of Modern Physics, 2011, 2, 730-751 doi:10.4236/jmp.2011.27086 Published Online July 2011 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/jmp) Detailing Coherent, Minimum Uncertainty States of Gravitons, as Semi Classical Components of Gravity Waves, and How Squeezed States Affect Upper Limits to Graviton Mass Andrew Beckwith1 Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China E-mail: [email protected] Received April 12, 2011; revised June 1, 2011; accepted June 13, 2011 Abstract We present what is relevant to squeezed states of initial space time and how that affects both the composition of relic GW, and also gravitons. A side issue to consider is if gravitons can be configured as semi classical “particles”, which is akin to the Pilot model of Quantum Mechanics as embedded in a larger non linear “de- terministic” background. Keywords: Squeezed State, Graviton, GW, Pilot Model 1. Introduction condensed matter application. The string theory metho- dology is merely extending much the same thinking up to Gravitons may be de composed via an instanton-anti higher than four dimensional situations. instanton structure. i.e. that the structure of SO(4) gauge 1) Modeling of entropy, generally, as kink-anti-kinks theory is initially broken due to the introduction of pairs with N the number of the kink-anti-kink pairs. vacuum energy [1], so after a second-order phase tran- This number, N is, initially in tandem with entropy sition, the instanton-anti-instanton structure of relic production, as will be explained later, gravitons is reconstituted. This will be crucial to link 2) The tie in with entropy and gravitons is this: the two graviton production with entropy, provided we have structures are related to each other in terms of kinks and sufficiently HFGW at the origin of the big bang. -
Spacetime Geometry from Graviton Condensation: a New Perspective on Black Holes
Spacetime Geometry from Graviton Condensation: A new Perspective on Black Holes Sophia Zielinski née Müller München 2015 Spacetime Geometry from Graviton Condensation: A new Perspective on Black Holes Sophia Zielinski née Müller Dissertation an der Fakultät für Physik der Ludwig–Maximilians–Universität München vorgelegt von Sophia Zielinski geb. Müller aus Stuttgart München, den 18. Dezember 2015 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Stefan Hofmann Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Georgi Dvali Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 13. April 2016 Contents Zusammenfassung ix Abstract xi Introduction 1 Naturalness problems . .1 The hierarchy problem . .1 The strong CP problem . .2 The cosmological constant problem . .3 Problems of gravity ... .3 ... in the UV . .4 ... in the IR and in general . .5 Outline . .7 I The classical description of spacetime geometry 9 1 The problem of singularities 11 1.1 Singularities in GR vs. other gauge theories . 11 1.2 Defining spacetime singularities . 12 1.3 On the singularity theorems . 13 1.3.1 Energy conditions and the Raychaudhuri equation . 13 1.3.2 Causality conditions . 15 1.3.3 Initial and boundary conditions . 16 1.3.4 Outlining the proof of the Hawking-Penrose theorem . 16 1.3.5 Discussion on the Hawking-Penrose theorem . 17 1.4 Limitations of singularity forecasts . 17 2 Towards a quantum theoretical probing of classical black holes 19 2.1 Defining quantum mechanical singularities . 19 2.1.1 Checking for quantum mechanical singularities in an example spacetime . 21 2.2 Extending the singularity analysis to quantum field theory . 22 2.2.1 Schrödinger representation of quantum field theory . 23 2.2.2 Quantum field probes of black hole singularities . -
The Anthropic Principle and Multiple Universe Hypotheses Oren Kreps
The Anthropic Principle and Multiple Universe Hypotheses Oren Kreps Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Section 1: The Fine-Tuning Argument and the Anthropic Principle .............................................. 3 The Improbability of a Life-Sustaining Universe ....................................................................... 3 Does God Explain Fine-Tuning? ................................................................................................ 4 The Anthropic Principle .............................................................................................................. 7 The Multiverse Premise ............................................................................................................ 10 Three Classes of Coincidence ................................................................................................... 13 Can The Existence of Sapient Life Justify the Multiverse? ...................................................... 16 How unlikely is fine-tuning? .................................................................................................... 17 Section 2: Multiverse Theories ..................................................................................................... 18 Many universes or all possible -
The Multiverse: Conjecture, Proof, and Science
The multiverse: conjecture, proof, and science George Ellis Talk at Nicolai Fest Golm 2012 Does the Multiverse Really Exist ? Scientific American: July 2011 1 The idea The idea of a multiverse -- an ensemble of universes or of universe domains – has received increasing attention in cosmology - separate places [Vilenkin, Linde, Guth] - separate times [Smolin, cyclic universes] - the Everett quantum multi-universe: other branches of the wavefunction [Deutsch] - the cosmic landscape of string theory, imbedded in a chaotic cosmology [Susskind] - totally disjoint [Sciama, Tegmark] 2 Our Cosmic Habitat Martin Rees Rees explores the notion that our universe is just a part of a vast ''multiverse,'' or ensemble of universes, in which most of the other universes are lifeless. What we call the laws of nature would then be no more than local bylaws, imposed in the aftermath of our own Big Bang. In this scenario, our cosmic habitat would be a special, possibly unique universe where the prevailing laws of physics allowed life to emerge. 3 Scientific American May 2003 issue COSMOLOGY “Parallel Universes: Not just a staple of science fiction, other universes are a direct implication of cosmological observations” By Max Tegmark 4 Brian Greene: The Hidden Reality Parallel Universes and The Deep Laws of the Cosmos 5 Varieties of Multiverse Brian Greene (The Hidden Reality) advocates nine different types of multiverse: 1. Invisible parts of our universe 2. Chaotic inflation 3. Brane worlds 4. Cyclic universes 5. Landscape of string theory 6. Branches of the Quantum mechanics wave function 7. Holographic projections 8. Computer simulations 9. All that can exist must exist – “grandest of all multiverses” They can’t all be true! – they conflict with each other. -
Foundations of Mathematics and Physics One Century After Hilbert: New Perspectives Edited by Joseph Kouneiher
FOUNDATIONS OF MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS ONE CENTURY AFTER HILBERT: NEW PERSPECTIVES EDITED BY JOSEPH KOUNEIHER JOHN C. BAEZ The title of this book recalls Hilbert's attempts to provide foundations for mathe- matics and physics, and raises the question of how far we have come since then|and what we should do now. This is a good time to think about those questions. The foundations of mathematics are growing happily. Higher category the- ory and homotopy type theory are boldly expanding the scope of traditional set- theoretic foundations. The connection between logic and computation is growing ever deeper, and significant proofs are starting to be fully formalized using software. There is a lot of ferment, but there are clear payoffs in sight and a clear strategy to achieve them, so the mood is optimistic. This volume, however, focuses mainly on the foundations of physics. In recent decades fundamental physics has entered a winter of discontent. The great triumphs of the 20th century|general relativity and the Standard Model of particle physics| continue to fit almost all data from terrestrial experiments, except perhaps some anomalies here and there. On the other hand, nobody knows how to reconcile these theories, nor do we know if the Standard Model is mathematically consistent. Worse, these theories are insufficient to explain what we see in the heavens: for example, we need something new to account for the formation and structure of galaxies. But the problem is not that physics is unfinished: it has always been that way. The problem is that progress, extremely rapid during most of the 20th century, has greatly slowed since the 1970s. -
Is String Theory Holographic? 1 Introduction
Holography and large-N Dualities Is String Theory Holographic? Lukas Hahn 1 Introduction1 2 Classical Strings and Black Holes2 3 The Strominger-Vafa Construction3 3.1 AdS/CFT for the D1/D5 System......................3 3.2 The Instanton Moduli Space.........................6 3.3 The Elliptic Genus.............................. 10 1 Introduction The holographic principle [1] is based on the idea that there is a limit on information content of spacetime regions. For a given volume V bounded by an area A, the state of maximal entropy corresponds to the largest black hole that can fit inside V . This entropy bound is specified by the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy A S ≤ S = (1.1) BH 4G and the goings-on in the relevant spacetime region are encoded on "holographic screens". The aim of these notes is to discuss one of the many aspects of the question in the title, namely: "Is this feature of the holographic principle realized in string theory (and if so, how)?". In order to adress this question we start with an heuristic account of how string like objects are related to black holes and how to compare their entropies. This second section is exclusively based on [2] and will lead to a key insight, the need to consider BPS states, which allows for a more precise treatment. The most fully understood example is 1 a bound state of D-branes that appeared in the original article on the topic [3]. The third section is an attempt to review this construction from a point of view that highlights the role of AdS/CFT [4,5]. -
SUPERSYMMETRIC UNIFICATION Savas Dimopoulos+
CERN-TH.7531/94 ) SUPERSYMMETRIC UNIFICATION +) Savas Dimop oulos Theoretical Physics Division, CERN CH - 1211 Geneva23 ABSTRACT The measured value of the weak mixing angle is, at present, the only precise exp erimental indication for physics b eyond the Standard Mo del. It p oints in the direction of Uni ed Theo- ries with Sup ersymmetric particles at accessible energies. We recall the ideas that led to the construction of these theories in 1981. Talk presented at the International Conference on the History of Original Ideas and Basic Discoveries in Particle Physics held at Ettore Ma jorana Centre for Scienti c Culture, Erice, Sicily, July 29-Aug.4 1994. CERN-TH.7531/94 Decemb er 1994 1 Why Sup ersymmetric Uni cation? It is a pleasure to recall the ideas that led to the rst Sup ersymmetric Uni ed Theory and its low energy manifestation, the Sup ersymmetric SU (3) SU (2) U (1) mo del. This theory synthesizes two marvelous ideas, Uni cation [1] and Sup ersymmetry [2, 3 ]. The synthesis is catalyzed by the hierarchy problem [4] which suggests that Sup ersymmetry o ccurs at accessible energies [5]. Since time is short and we are explicitly asked to talk ab out our own contributions I will not cover these imp ortant topics. A lo ok at the the program of this Conference reveals that most other topics covered are textb o ok sub jects, such as Renormalization of the Standard Mo del [6] and Asymptotic Free- dom [7], that are at the foundation of our eld. So it is natural to ask why Sup ersymmetric Uni cation is included in such a distinguished companyofwell-established sub jects? I am not certain. -
PDF Download the Black Hole War : My Battle with Stephen Hawking To
THE BLACK HOLE WAR : MY BATTLE WITH STEPHEN HAWKING TO MAKE THE WORLD SAFE FOR QUANTUM MECHANICS PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Leonard Susskind | 480 pages | 05 Nov 2009 | Little, Brown & Company | 9780316016414 | English | New York, United States The Black Hole War : My Battle with Stephen Hawking to Make the World Safe for Quantum Mechanics PDF Book Black Holes and Quantum Physics. Softcover edition. Most scientists didn't recognize the import of Hawking's claims, but Leonard Susskind and Gerard t'Hooft realized the threat, and responded with a counterattack that changed the course of physics. Please follow the detailed Help center instructions to transfer the files to supported eReaders. The Black Hole War is the thrilling story of their united effort to reconcile Hawking's theories of black holes with their own sense of reality, an effort that would eventually result in Hawking admitting he was wrong and Susskind and 't Hooft realizing that our world is a hologram projected from the outer boundaries of space. This is the inside account of the battle over the true nature of black holes—with nothing less than our understanding of the entire universe at stake. From the bestselling author of The White Donkey, a heartbreaking and visceral graphic novel set against the stark beauty of Afghanistan's mountain villages that examines prejudice and the military remnants of colonialism. Most scientists didn't recognize the import of Hawking's claims, but Leonard Susskind and Gerard t'Hooft realized the threat, and responded with a counterattack that changed the course of physics. But really, unlike it sounds, this means that information, or characteristics of an object, must always be preserved according to classical physics theory. -
Curriculum Vitae
SEBASTIAN DE HARO Curriculum Vitae Assistant Professor in Philosophy of Science at the Institute for Logic, Language and Computation and the Institute of Physics of the University of Amsterdam 1. RESEARCH PROFILE Areas of specialisation: Philosophy of Science, History and Philosophy of Physics, Theoretical Physics Areas of competence: Epistemology, Metaphysics, Ethics, Philosophical and Social Aspects of Information, History of Science, History of Philosophy, Philosophy of Logic and Language, Philosophy of Mathematics 2. PREVIOUS POSITIONS • Lecturer (2009-2020), Amsterdam University College (AUC), University of Amsterdam. Tasks: teaching, curriculum development and evaluation, thesis supervision, member of the BSA committee. Between 2009-2015 I also had tutoring responsibilities. • Lecturer (2019-2020, fixed term), Department of Philosophy, Free University Amsterdam • Lecturer in theoretical physics (fixed term), Institute for Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam. Teaching, research, thesis supervision. 02/12 - 07/14. • Research associate. Managing editor of Foundations of Physics on behalf of Gerard ’t Hooft, Spinoza Institute/ITP, Utrecht University and Springer Verlag, 2008-2009. Research, managing editorial office, setting up new projects, contact Editorial Board. 3. PUBLICATIONS Total number of citations (all publications): 2,751. i10-index: 33. h-index: 22 Full list of publications and citation information via Google scholar profile: http://scholar.google.nl/citations?user=rmXDqN4AAAAJ&hl=nl&oi=ao Journal articles, book chapters, and book reviews General philosophy of science: journal articles (6) 1. ‘The Empirical Under-determination Argument Against Scientific Realism for Dual Theories’. Erkenntnis, 2021. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10670-020-00342-0 2. ‘Science and Philosophy: A Love-Hate Relationship’. -
Foundations of Quantum Physics I. a Critique of the Tradition
Foundations of quantum physics I. A critique of the tradition Arnold Neumaier Fakult¨at f¨ur Mathematik, Universit¨at Wien Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, A-1090 Wien, Austria email: [email protected] http://www.mat.univie.ac.at/~neum April 24, 2019 Abstract. This paper gives a thorough critique of the foundations of quantum physics in its mainstream interpretation (i.e., treating pure states and probability as primitives, without reference to hidden variables, and without modifications of the quantum laws). This is achieved by cleanly separating a concise version of the (universally accepted) for- mal core of quantum physics from the (controversial) interpretation issues. The latter are primarily related to measurement, but also to questions of existence and of the meaning of basic concepts like ’state’ and ’particle’. The requirements for good foundations of quantum physics are discussed. Main results: • Born’s rule cannot be valid universally, and must be considered as a scientific law with a restricted domain of validity. • If the state of every composite quantum system contains all information that can be known about this system, it cannot be a pure state in general. For the discussion of questions related to this paper, please use the discussion forum https://www.physicsoverflow.org. 1 Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Thetraditionalfoundationsofquantumphysics 4 2.1 Postulates for the formal core of quantum physics . ......... 5 2.2 Thepurestateidealization. .... 6 2.3 Schr¨odingerequationandBorn’srule . ....... 7 2.4 Interpretingtheformalcore . .... 9 3 A critique of Born’s rule 10 3.1 Early, measurement-free formulations of Born’s rule . ............ 11 3.2 Formulations of Born’s rule in terms of measurement .