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Historical Studies Journal University of Colorado Denver Colorado University of Historic Preservation in Britain and the United States: Examining How We Save the Links to Our Pasts StudiesHistorical Journal The Stable of the Iron Horse Historical A Harbor Commodious: How the Massachusetts Bay Company Developed the New England Fishing Trade During the Seventeenth Century Studies Knowing the Enemy: The Influence of Identity on the Treatment of Spring 2016 Spring German POWS in Colorado Journal During World War II Spring 2016 Volume 33 . Western Mythology: . The Literary World of 33 Volume Railroad Survey Camps in the 1880s Medical Regulation Mayhem: The Struggle over Medical Professionalization in 19th Century Colorado Historical Studies Journal Spring 2016 . Volume 33 SENIOR EDITOR: Kirby Page-Schmit, Graduate Student ASSISTANT EDITORS: Glendon Butterfield, Graduate Student Erica Fontenot, Graduate Student Laura Hogg, Graduate Student Thomas J. Noel, Faculty Advisor DESIGNER: Shannon Fluckey Integrated Marketing & Communications Auraria Higher Education Center Department of History University of Colorado Denver Pamela Laird, Ph.D., Thomas J. Noel, Ph.D. Department Chair American West, Art & Architecture, U.S. Social, Intellectual, Technology, Public History & Preservation, Colorado Public History, Business Kelly Palmer, Ph.D. Christopher Agee, Ph.D. Modern Europe and France 20th Century U.S., Urban History, Social Movements, Crime and Policing Stacey Pendleton, M.A. Cold War/US, Modern Britain Ryan Crewe, Ph.D. Latin America, Colonial Mexico, Carl Pletsch, Ph.D. Transpacific History Intellectual History (European and American), Modern Europe James E. Fell, Jr., Ph.D. American West, Civil War, Myra Rich, Ph.D., Emeritus Environmental, Film History U.S. Colonial, U.S. Early National, Women and Gender, Immigration Gabriel Finkelstein, Ph.D. Modern Europe, Germany, Alison Shah, Ph.D. History of Science, Exploration South Asia, Islamic World, History and Heritage, Cultural Memory Mark Foster, Ph.D., Emeritus 19th and 20th Century U.S., Richard Smith, Ph.D. U.S. Social and Intellectual, Ancient, Medieval, U.S. Urban and Business Early Modern Europe, Britain Susan Gustin, M.A. Dale Stahl US History from the Gilded Age Environmental History, Global History, through the 1920s, World War I Islam Marilyn Hitchens, Ph.D. Chris Sundberg, M.A. Modern Europe, World History Africa and History Education Xiaojia Hou, Ph.D. William Wagner, Ph.D. China, East Asia U.S. West Rebecca Hunt, Ph.D. James Walsh, Ph.D. American West, Gender, Immigration, U.S. Labor, Irish-American Museum Studies, Public History James B. Whiteside, Ph.D., Emeritus Michael Kozakowski Recent U.S., Vietnam War, Europe, Mediterranean, Migration History U.S. Diplomatic, Sports History Marjorie Levine-Clark, Ph.D. Greg Whitesides, Ph.D. Modern Britain, European Women History of Science, Modern U.S., Asia and Gender, Medicine and Health Kariann Yokota, Ph.D. Brandon Mills, PH.D. Colonial and Early U.S., Pacific Rim 19th Century U.S. History, The United States and the World, Imperialism, Racial Identity Table of Contents Preface ...............................................................................................................................v Historic Preservation in Britain and the United States: Examining How We Save the Links to Our Pasts ............................................... 1 Erica Fontenot The Stable of the Iron Horse ............................................................................ 15 Adam Guyon A Harbor Commodious: How the Massachusetts Bay Company Developed the New England Fishing Trade During the Seventeenth Century ........................................................................... 25 Elsa Peterson Knowing the Enemy: The Influence of Identity on the Treatment of German POWS in Colorado During World War II .............................................33 Taylor Warner Western Mythology: The Literary World of Railroad Survey Camps in the 1880s .........................43 Sarah Sifton Medical Regulation Mayhem: The Struggle over Medical Professionalization in 19th Century Colorado .........................................................................................55 Natalie Kellett Notes ...............................................................................................................................65 Bibliographies ................................................................................................................ 75 Preface The University of Colorado Denver History Department’s Historical Studies Journal showcases exemplary student work, and provides students with a chance to have their work published, and become familiar with the editorial process in a relaxed but professional environment. I started working on the journal last year, under senior editor Darlene Cypser. I am fortunate enough to have taken over as senior editor for 2016, and I have learned a good deal throughout the process. The articles in this journal cover a diverse and interesting range of topics. Erica Fontenot compares historic preservation in America and Great Britain, illustrating the emphasis that both place on their cultural heritage. Adam Guyon takes us through the history of the CF&I steel mill in Pueblo, Colorado, and its impact on the local community. Elsa Peterson explains the importance of the Massachusetts Bay Company in developing the international economy of a nascent New England. Taylor Warner describes the German POW experience in Colorado, by examining the complex relationships between prisoners, guards, and American farmers. Sarah Sifton addresses the myths and legends of the West, by following the lives of three railroad survey men across the frontier. Natalie Kellett chronicles the battle over quackery and the regulation of medical practice in nineteenth-century Colorado. It should be noted that the journal received a large number well-written articles from undergraduates, and they represent four of the six articles in this edition. I would like to thank each and every one of the authors for their scholarship, hard work, and efficiency in working with the editors to ready their articles for publication. I would also like to thank my assistant editors, Glendon Butterfield, Erica Fontenot and Laura Hogg, for all of their hard work in creating this edition of the journal. In addition, I would like to thank Shannon Fluckey, who designs the journal, and always makes it look amazing. Lastly, I would like to thank Dr. Tom Noel, who has been tireless in his efforts to promote and improve the journal, and to assist the editors, for many years. For faculty reading this, I would like to remind you all to submit papers that you find exceptional to the journal, anytime of the year, so that they might be included in the next edition. KIRBY PAGE-SCHMIT Senior Editor v commonality between Britain and the United States is the value placed on historic One preservation. Both areas have a long history of preserving historic buildings, monuments, and sites; each is the home of countless organizations devoted to saving heritage and culture. There are few differences when looking at compari- sons between the two. In each country, preservation began as an expression of nationality, a way to save cultural heritage. Historic Preservation in Britain and the United States: Examining How We Save the Links to Our Pasts By Erica Fontenot This is not to say there areno differences. The differences in the way historic preservation and conservation are achieved are primarily in the legal framework. This paper will attempt to tackle this vast and diverse subject, looking at Britain and the United States separately. I will examine the history of preservation in each country, look at various laws and agencies specifically dealing with historic preservation, and end each by looking at diverse case studies. Erica is a graduate student, pursuing her M.A. in public history, with an emphasis on historic preservation. Her main focus is on site preservation in Colorado and England. THE BEGINNING OF BRITISH PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION Preservation in Britain has a long history that includes saving structures, landscapes, and antiquities. People have attempted to save as much of their history as possible, dating back centuries. A Royal Charter in 1751 began the Society of Antiquarians in London, encouraging the study and knowledge of antiquities and history.1 The Society of Antiquarians began as a debating society whose aim was “establishing a cultural longevity for England.”2 Throughout the years, it became less of a debating society and more of a historical society, whose function was advancing historical and cultural conservation. Their London campus, the Burlington House, holds the Society of Antiquarians, the Royal Academy of Arts, and four other societies: Chemists, Geologists, Astrologers, and Linnean.3 This campus focuses on heritage preservation in England, and the Society’s Fellows use their influence to aid in preservation efforts throughout the United Kingdom. Britain’s cultural heritage, threatened by modern advancements and tourism, developed an increasing need for preservation efforts like those of the Society of Antiquarians. Early antiquarian societies became especially interested in monuments like Stonehenge. A British treasure that has been the focus of much speculation, theories, and study for centuries, Stonehenge is a major tourist destination in England. Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986, Stonehenge faced threats for years. Early preservationists
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