DOCSLIB.ORG

Of 25 from the Desk of Mr. Manjunatha Balluli, Shree Medha College

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Of 25 from the Desk of Mr. Manjunatha Balluli, Shree Medha College Introduction to UNIX (Module I) History of UNIX UNIX development was started in 1969 at Bell Laboratories in New Jersey. Bell Laboratories was (1964–1968) involved on the development of a multi-user,time-sharing operating system called Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing System). Multics was a failure. In early 1969, Bell Labs withdrew from the Multics project. Bell Labs researchers who had worked on Multics (Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas McIlroy, Joseph Ossanna, and others) still wanted to develop an operating system for their own and Bell Labs’ programming, job control, and resource usage needs. When Multics was withdrawn Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie needed to rewrite an operating system in order to play space travel on another smaller machine (a DEC PDP-7 [Programmed Data Processor 4K memory for user programs). The result was a system called UNICS (UNiplexed Information and Computing Service) which was an 'emasculated Multics'. The first version of Unix was written in the low-level PDP-7 assembler language. Later, a language called TMG was developed for the PDP-7 by R. M. McClure. Using TMG to develop a FORTRAN compiler, Ken Thompson instead ended up developing a compiler for a new high-level language he called B, based on the earlier BCPL language developed by Martin Richard. When the PDP-11 computer arrived at Bell Labs, Dennis Ritchie built on B to create a new language called C. Unix components were later rewritten in C, and finally with the kernel itself in 1973. Unix V6, released in 1975 became very popular. Unix V6 was free and was distributed with its source code. In 1983, AT&T released Unix System V which was a commercial version. Meanwhile, the University of California at Berkeley started the development of its own version of Unix. Berkeley was also involved in the inclusion of Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networking protocol. The following were the major mile stones in UNIX history early 1980's • AT&T was developing its System V Unix. • Berkeley took initiative on its own Unix BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution) Unix. • Sun Microsystems developed its own BSD-based Unix called SunOS and later was renamed to Sun Solaris. • Microsoft and the Santa Cruz operation (SCO) were involved in another version of UNIX called XENIX. • Hewlett-Packard developed HP-UX for its workstations. • DEC released ULTRIX. • In 1986, IBM developed AIX (Advanced Interactive eXecutive). From the desk of Mr. Manjunatha Balluli, Shree Medha College, Ballari Page 1 of 25 Introduction to UNIX (Module I) Salient Features of UNIX Following are some of the important features of Unix Operating System. Portable − Portability means software can work on different types of hardware in same way. Unix kernel and application programs supports their installation on any kind of hardware platform. Open Source − Unix source code is freely available and it is community based development project. Multiple teams work in collaboration to enhance the capability of Unix operating system and it is continuously evolving. Multi-User Capability: - Multi-user operational system permits several users to use the same computer to carry out their job. Several terminals are connected to a single powerful computer and each user of the terminal can be a programmer, program access files and prints document at the same time. Need for the multi-user environment arises when several programmers work on developing module of the same software. Multi-user environment ensures complete coordination and compatibility and saves a considerable amount of time by allowing several users on a set of information at a time. Buying single multi- user computer is far more economical and efficient than buying several single users computers. Multiprogramming − Unix is a multiprogramming system means multiple applications can run at same time. Multitasking Capability: - This capability allows the system to perform several tasks simultaneously. For instance, UNIX can print one document, edit another and sort a list of files at the same time. Multiple tasks can be carried out by placing other tasks in the background while you work on one task at a time. The current tasks are said to be in the foreground. Normally the tasks that do not require active interaction from the user are placed in the background; the lower will be the system response. Hierarchical File System − Unix provides a standard file structure in which system files/ user files are arranged. Shell − Unix provides a special interpreter program which can be used to execute commands of the operating system. It can be used to do various types of operations, call application programs. etc. Security − Unix provides user security using authentication features like password protection/ controlled access to specific files/ encryption of data. Communication: - UNIX supports two major types of communication: 1. Communication between different terminals connected to the same computer. 2. Communication between users of the one computer at the specific location to the users of another type and size of a computer located elsewhere. The two computers may be located in different offices or different countries or continents. These types of communication is achieved by a mail system based on wide area and may be connected through telephone lines or satellite. From the desk of Mr. Manjunatha Balluli, Shree Medha College, Ballari Page 2 of 25 Introduction to UNIX (Module I) UNIX Architecture The following illustration shows the architecture of a UNIX system − The architecture of a UNIX System consists of the following layers – Kernel The kernel of UNIX is the hub of the operating system: it allocates time and memory to programs and handles the file store and communications in response to system calls. As an illustration of the way that the shell and the kernel work together, suppose a user types rm my file (which has the effect of removing the file my file). The shell searches the file store for the file containing the program rm, and then requests the kernel, through system calls, to execute the program rm on my file. When the process rm my file has finished running, the shell then returns the UNIX prompt % to the user, indicating that it is waiting for further commands. Amongst the functions performed by the kernel are: Managing the machine's memory and allocating it to each process. Scheduling the work done by the CPU so that the work of each user is carried out as efficiently as is possible. Organising the transfer of data from one part of the machine to another. Accepting instructions from the shell and carrying them out. Enforcing the access permissions that are in force on the file system. The shell: The shell acts as an interface between the user and the kernel. When a user logs in, the login program checks the username and password, and then starts another program called the shell. The shell is a command line interpreter (CLI). It interprets the commands the user types in and arranges for them to be carried out. The commands are themselves programs: when they terminate, the From the desk of Mr. Manjunatha Balluli, Shree Medha College, Ballari Page 3 of 25 Introduction to UNIX (Module I) shell gives the user another prompt (% on our systems). The user can customise his/her own shell, and users can use different shells on the same machine. The shell keeps a list of the commands you have typed in. If you need to repeat a command, use the cursor keys to scroll up and down the list or type history for a list of previous commands. You can use any one of these shells if they are available on your system. And you can switch between the different shells once you have found out if they are available. Bourne shell (sh) C shell (csh) TC shell (tcsh) Korn shell (ksh) Bourne Again SHell (bash) Features of Shell: Shell Features Description Command interpreter Shell interprets the valid user entered commands to the kernel understandable language. Shell should understand which program to be invoked in order to perform that command. Prompts Ideally prompts are shown as “$” or “#” Shell scripts Uses multiple shell commands logically to create a script i.e. runs more than one commands at a time. I/O redirection and Pipes These features in Shell allow connecting programs together and making programs process their inputs from files Hardware layer − Hardware consists of all peripheral devices (RAM/ HDD/ CPU etc). Utilities and Application The final layer of the UNIX OS is the Utilities and Applications layer. This layer includes the commands, word processors, graphic programs and database management programs. Traditionally, these programs were accessed by typing the commands to start the program on the command line. They can still be accessed in this way, but they can now also be accessed through the GUI. UNIX command format Syntax of UNIX Commands UNIX commands can be very simple one word commands or they can take a number of additional arguments (parameters) as part of the command. In general, a UNIX command has the following general form... From the desk of Mr. Manjunatha Balluli, Shree Medha College, Ballari Page 4 of 25 Introduction to UNIX (Module I) Command options(s) filename(s) Let’s look at each of these parts a bit more closely... The command is the name of the utility or program that we are going to execute. The options are passed into the command to modify the way the command works. It is typical for these options to have be a hyphen followed by a single character, such as-l. It is also a common convention under Linux to have options that are in the form of 2 hyphens followed by a word or hyphenated words, such as --color or --pretty-print.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Evolution of the Unix Time-Sharing System*
    The Evolution of the Unix Time-sharing System* Dennis M. Ritchie Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, 07974 ABSTRACT This paper presents a brief history of the early development of the Unix operating system. It concentrates on the evolution of the file system, the process-control mechanism, and the idea of pipelined commands. Some attention is paid to social conditions during the development of the system. NOTE: *This paper was first presented at the Language Design and Programming Methodology conference at Sydney, Australia, September 1979. The conference proceedings were published as Lecture Notes in Computer Science #79: Language Design and Programming Methodology, Springer-Verlag, 1980. This rendition is based on a reprinted version appearing in AT&T Bell Laboratories Technical Journal 63 No. 6 Part 2, October 1984, pp. 1577-93. Introduction During the past few years, the Unix operating system has come into wide use, so wide that its very name has become a trademark of Bell Laboratories. Its important characteristics have become known to many people. It has suffered much rewriting and tinkering since the first publication describing it in 1974 [1], but few fundamental changes. However, Unix was born in 1969 not 1974, and the account of its development makes a little-known and perhaps instructive story. This paper presents a technical and social history of the evolution of the system. Origins For computer science at Bell Laboratories, the period 1968-1969 was somewhat unsettled. The main reason for this was the slow, though clearly inevitable, withdrawal of the Labs from the Multics project. To the Labs computing community as a whole, the problem was the increasing obviousness of the failure of Multics to deliver promptly any sort of usable system, let alone the panacea envisioned earlier.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of the D Programming Language
    Journal of International Technology and Information Management Volume 16 Issue 3 Article 7 2007 An Analysis of the D Programming Language Sumanth Yenduri University of Mississippi- Long Beach Louise Perkins University of Southern Mississippi- Long Beach Md. Sarder University of Southern Mississippi- Long Beach Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/jitim Part of the Business Intelligence Commons, E-Commerce Commons, Management Information Systems Commons, Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods Commons, Operational Research Commons, and the Technology and Innovation Commons Recommended Citation Yenduri, Sumanth; Perkins, Louise; and Sarder, Md. (2007) "An Analysis of the D Programming Language," Journal of International Technology and Information Management: Vol. 16 : Iss. 3 , Article 7. Available at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/jitim/vol16/iss3/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of International Technology and Information Management by an authorized editor of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Analysis of Programming Language D Journal of International Technology and Information Management An Analysis of the D Programming Language Sumanth Yenduri Louise Perkins Md. Sarder University of Southern Mississippi - Long Beach ABSTRACT The C language and its derivatives have been some of the dominant higher-level languages used, and the maturity has stemmed several newer languages that, while still relatively young, possess the strength of decades of trials and experimentation with programming concepts. While C++ was a major step in the advancement from procedural to object-oriented programming (with a backbone of C), several problems existed that prompted the development of new languages.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of the D Programming Language Sumanth Yenduri University of Mississippi- Long Beach
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CSUSB ScholarWorks Journal of International Technology and Information Management Volume 16 | Issue 3 Article 7 2007 An Analysis of the D Programming Language Sumanth Yenduri University of Mississippi- Long Beach Louise Perkins University of Southern Mississippi- Long Beach Md. Sarder University of Southern Mississippi- Long Beach Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/jitim Part of the Business Intelligence Commons, E-Commerce Commons, Management Information Systems Commons, Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods Commons, Operational Research Commons, and the Technology and Innovation Commons Recommended Citation Yenduri, Sumanth; Perkins, Louise; and Sarder, Md. (2007) "An Analysis of the D Programming Language," Journal of International Technology and Information Management: Vol. 16: Iss. 3, Article 7. Available at: http://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/jitim/vol16/iss3/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of International Technology and Information Management by an authorized administrator of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Analysis of Programming Language D Journal of International Technology and Information Management An Analysis of the D Programming Language Sumanth Yenduri Louise Perkins Md. Sarder University of Southern Mississippi - Long Beach ABSTRACT The C language and its derivatives have been some of the dominant higher-level languages used, and the maturity has stemmed several newer languages that, while still relatively young, possess the strength of decades of trials and experimentation with programming concepts.
    [Show full text]
  • The UNIX Time- Sharing System
    1. Introduction There have been three versions of UNIX. The earliest version (circa 1969–70) ran on the Digital Equipment Cor- poration PDP-7 and -9 computers. The second version ran on the unprotected PDP-11/20 computer. This paper describes only the PDP-11/40 and /45 [l] system since it is The UNIX Time- more modern and many of the differences between it and older UNIX systems result from redesign of features found Sharing System to be deficient or lacking. Since PDP-11 UNIX became operational in February Dennis M. Ritchie and Ken Thompson 1971, about 40 installations have been put into service; they Bell Laboratories are generally smaller than the system described here. Most of them are engaged in applications such as the preparation and formatting of patent applications and other textual material, the collection and processing of trouble data from various switching machines within the Bell System, and recording and checking telephone service orders. Our own installation is used mainly for research in operating sys- tems, languages, computer networks, and other topics in computer science, and also for document preparation. UNIX is a general-purpose, multi-user, interactive Perhaps the most important achievement of UNIX is to operating system for the Digital Equipment Corpora- demonstrate that a powerful operating system for interac- tion PDP-11/40 and 11/45 computers. It offers a number tive use need not be expensive either in equipment or in of features seldom found even in larger operating sys- human effort: UNIX can run on hardware costing as little as tems, including: (1) a hierarchical file system incorpo- $40,000, and less than two man years were spent on the rating demountable volumes; (2) compatible file, device, main system software.
    [Show full text]
  • Unix Programmer's Manual
    There is no warranty of merchantability nor any warranty of fitness for a particu!ar purpose nor any other warranty, either expressed or imp!ied, a’s to the accuracy of the enclosed m~=:crials or a~ Io ~helr ,~.ui~::~::.j!it’/ for ~ny p~rficu~ar pur~.~o~e. ~".-~--, ....-.re: " n~ I T~ ~hone Laaorator es 8ssumg$ no rO, p::::nS,-,,.:~:y ~or their use by the recipient. Furln=,, [: ’ La:::.c:,:e?o:,os ~:’urnes no ob~ja~tjon ~o furnish 6ny a~o,~,,..n~e at ~ny k:nd v,,hetsoever, or to furnish any additional jnformstjcn or documenta’tjon. UNIX PROGRAMMER’S MANUAL F~ifth ~ K. Thompson D. M. Ritchie June, 1974 Copyright:.©d972, 1973, 1974 Bell Telephone:Laboratories, Incorporated Copyright © 1972, 1973, 1974 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated This manual was set by a Graphic Systems photo- typesetter driven by the troff formatting program operating under the UNIX system. The text of the manual was prepared using the ed text editor. PREFACE to the Fifth Edition . The number of UNIX installations is now above 50, and many more are expected. None of these has exactly the same complement of hardware or software. Therefore, at any particular installa- tion, it is quite possible that this manual will give inappropriate information. The authors are grateful to L. L. Cherry, L. A. Dimino, R. C. Haight, S. C. Johnson, B. W. Ker- nighan, M. E. Lesk, and E. N. Pinson for their contributions to the system software, and to L. E. McMahon for software and for his contributions to this manual.
    [Show full text]
  • Specification Language for Binary Parser Construction in the Context
    Diploma Thesis SPECIFICATION LANGUAGE FOR BINARY PARSER CONSTRUCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF SMART CARD PROTOCOL MONITORING Jürgen Wall presented to Prof. Dr. Engels Department for Database- and Informationsystems and Prof. Dr. Kastens Programming Languages and Compilers Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Sciences and Mathematics University of Paderborn Warburger Straße 100 D-33095 Paderborn 31.03.2010 Erklärung Ich versichere, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbstständig und ohne unerlaubte fremde Hilfe, sowie ohne Benutzung anderer als der angegebenen Quellen angefertigt habe. Alle Ausführungen, die wörtlich oder sinngemäß übernommen worden sind, sind als solche gekennzeichnet. Die Arbeit hat in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form noch keiner anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegen. Paderborn, den 31.03.2010 _________________________ Jürgen Wall VII Contents Contents 1 Introduction1 1.1 Motivation . .2 1.2 Document Structure . .3 2 Foundations4 2.1 Smart Cards . .5 2.1.1 Protocols . .5 2.1.2 Logical Organization . .7 2.1.3 Smart Card Commands . .8 2.2 Monitoring . 11 2.2.1 Technical Setup . 11 2.2.2 Manual Implementation . 12 2.2.3 Drawbacks . 13 2.3 Aspects of Compiler Theory . 15 2.3.1 Compilation is Translation . 15 2.3.2 Analysis . 16 2.3.3 Lexical Analysis . 16 2.3.4 Syntax Analysis . 18 2.3.5 Semantic Analysis . 24 2.3.6 Synthesis . 26 2.4 Parsing Binary Data . 28 2.4.1 Structural Patterns and Indication . 29 2.4.2 A Type System for Binary Parsing . 31 2.5 Summary . 35 3 Related Work 36 3.1 PACKETTYPES ............................... 36 3.2 DATASCRIPT ................................ 37 3.3 Parsing Expression Grammar (PEG) .
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of the C Languageߤ
    The Development of the C Languageߤ Dennis M. Ritchie Bell Labs/Lucent Technologies Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA [email protected] ABSTRACT The C programming language was devised in the early 1970s as a system implementation language for the nascent Unix operating system. Derived from the typeless language BCPL, it evolved a type structure; created on a tiny machine as a tool to improve a meager programming environment, it has become one of the dominant languages of today. This paper studies its evolution. Introduction This paper is about the development of the C programming language, the influences on it, and the conditions under which it was created. For the sake of brevity, I omit full descriptions of C itself, its parent B [Johnson 73] and its grandparent BCPL [Richards 79], and instead concentrate on characteristic elements of each language and how they evolved. C came into being in the years 1969-1973, in parallel with the early development of the Unix operating system; the most creative period occurred during 1972. Another spate of changes peaked between 1977 and 1979, when portability of the Unix system was being demonstrated. In the middle of this second period, the first widely available description of the language appeared: The C Programming Language, often called the ‘white book’ or ‘K&R’ [Kernighan 78]. Finally, in the middle 1980s, the language was officially standardized by the ANSI X3J11 committee, which made further changes. Until the early 1980s, although compilers existed for a variety of machine architectures and operating systems, the language was almost exclusively associated with Unix; more recently, its use has spread much more widely, and today it is among the lan- guages most commonly used throughout the computer industry.
    [Show full text]
  • The UNIX Time-Sharing System*
    The UNIX Time-Sharing System* D. M. Ritchie and K. Thompson ABSTRACT UNIX² is a general-purpose, multi-user, interactive operating system for the larger Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11 and the Interdata 8/32 computers. It offers a number of features seldom found even in larger operating systems, including i A hierarchical ®le system incorporating demountable volumes, ii Compatible ®le, device, and inter-process I/O, iii The ability to initiate asynchronous processes, iv System command language selectable on a per-user basis, v Over 100 subsystems including a dozen languages, vi High degree of portability. This paper discusses the nature and implementation of the ®le system and of the user command interface. 1. INTRODUCTION There have been four versions of the UNIX time-sharing system. The earliest (circa 1969-70) ran on the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-7 and -9 computers. The second version ran on the unpro- tected PDP-11/20 computer. The third incorporated multiprogramming and ran on the PDP-11/34, /40, /45, /60, and /70 computers; it is the one described in the previously published version of this paper, and is also the most widely used today. This paper describes only the fourth, current system that runs on the PDP-11/70 and the Interdata 8/32 computers. In fact, the differences among the various systems is rather small; most of the revisions made to the originally published version of this paper, aside from those con- cerned with style, had to do with details of the implementation of the ®le system. Since PDP-11 UNIX became operational in February, 1971, over 600 installations have been put into service.
    [Show full text]
  • A Research UNIX Reader: Annotated Excerpts from the Programmer's
    AResearch UNIX Reader: Annotated Excerpts from the Programmer’sManual, 1971-1986 M. Douglas McIlroy ABSTRACT Selected pages from the nine research editions of the UNIX®Pro grammer’sManual illustrate the development of the system. Accompanying commentary recounts some of the needs, events, and individual contributions that shaped this evolution. 1. Introduction Since it beganatthe Computing Science Research Center of AT&T Bell Laboratories in 1969, the UNIX system has exploded in coverage, in geographic distribution and, alas, in bulk. It has brought great honor to the primary contributors, Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie, and has reflected respect upon many others who have built on their foundation. The story of howthe system came to be and howitgrewand prospered has been told manytimes, often embroidered almost into myth. Still, aficionados seem neverto tire of hearing about howthings were in that special circle where the system first flourished. This collection of excerpts from the nine editions of the research UNIX Programmer’sManual has been chosen to illustrate trends and some of the lively give-and-take—or at least the tangible results thereof—that shaped the system. It is a domestic study,aimed only at capturing the way things were in the system’soriginal home. To look further afield would require a tome, not a report, and possibly a more dis- passionate scholar,not an intimate participant. The rawreadings are supplemented by my own recollec- tions as corrected by the memories of colleagues. The collection emphasizes development up to the Seventh Edition (v7*) in 1979, providing only occasional peeks ahead to v8 and v9.
    [Show full text]
  • An Experimental Compiler-Compiler System James Robert Van Doren Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1971 An experimental compiler-compiler system James Robert Van Doren Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Computer Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Van Doren, James Robert, "An experimental compiler-compiler system " (1971). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 4516. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/4516 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 72-5264 VAN DOREN, James Robert, 1939- f AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPILER-COMPILER SYSTEM. I I Iowa State University, Ph.D., 1971 I Conçuter Science University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED An experimental oompiler-compiler system by James Robert Van Doren A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Computer Science Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. In unciiy« ot najuL wwtft. Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Graduate College Iowa State University Of Science and Technology Ames, Iowa 1971 PLEASE NOTE: Some Pages have indistinct print. Filmed as received. UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE % III.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of the Unix Time-Sharing System*
    The Evolution of the Unix Time-sharing System* Dennis M. Ritchie Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 ABSTRACT This paper presents a brief history of the early development of the Unix operating system. It concentrates on the evolution of the file system, the process-control mecha- nism, and the idea of pipelined commands. Some attention is paid to social conditions during the development of the system. Introduction During the past few years, the Unix operating system has come into wide use, so wide that its very name has become a trademark of Bell Laboratories. Its important characteristics have become known to many people. It has suffered much rewriting and tinkering since the first publication describing it in 1974 [1], but few fundamental changes. However, Unix was born in 1969 not 1974, and the account of its devel- opment makes a little-known and perhaps instructive story. This paper presents a technical and social his- tory of the evolution of the system. Origins For computer science at Bell Laboratories, the period 1968-1969 was somewhat unsettled. The main reason for this was the slow, though clearly inevitable, withdrawal of the Labs from the Multics project. To the Labs computing community as a whole, the problem was the increasing obviousness of the failure of Multics to deliver promptly any sort of usable system, let alone the panacea envisioned earlier. For much of this time, the Murray Hill Computer Center was also running a costly GE 645 machine that inadequately simulated the GE 635. Another shake-up that occurred during this period was the organizational separation of computing services and computing research.
    [Show full text]
  • Adventures in the Math Sciences Building
    Adventures in the Math Sciences Building • Intro – the importance of the building to the CS program • The Move to the Building • The Computer Center • Dealing with the Bureaucracy • The Classes The Math Sciences Building Math Sciences was … • Our first real home • The site of many interesting events during the formative years Move to the New Building September 1966 • The grad students who enrolled then were the last ones to start at the Engineering Administration building (ENAD). • This month also saw the appointment of John Steele as Associate Director of the Computer Sciences Center, responsible for its entire operation. September 1966 • Computers included an IBM 7094 and an IBM System/360 Mod. 40. • The CSC announced it would now operate 24/7. • Compilers were available for Fortran, Algol, Cobol, SNOBOL, MAD, Lisp, Slip, and a compiler-compiler called TMG (“Transmogrify”). September 1966 • The Purdue fast Fortran translator (PUFFT) running under the Purdue time- sharing system (PTSS) could compile 50 Fortran IV statements per second. • But PUFFT programs could occupy at most 15,000 words of main memory. March 1967 • We support a new language, PL/I, “which combines some of the best features of Cobol and Fortran.” • Installation of CDC 6500 computer is scheduled for August, after the planned move. Later slipped to October. August 1967 • Department and computer center move to new Math Sciences building. • CS faculty & grad students with offices & desks on one floor. • Late night socializing, food/drink expeditions. October 1967 • Not kidding about the socializing Building Features • Grad student furniture is doll-sized and constructed of pasteboard.
    [Show full text]