DOCSLIB.ORG

Four-Tier Drug Benefit This Formulary List Provides Coverage Information About the Drugs Covered Under Our Four-Tier Pharmacy Plan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Four-Tier Drug Benefit This Formulary List Provides Coverage Information About the Drugs Covered Under Our Four-Tier Pharmacy Plan Kaiser Permanente Hawaii PRESCRIPTION DRUG LIST Four-tier drug benefit This formulary list provides coverage information about the drugs covered under our Four-Tier Pharmacy Plan. The list is organized in alphabetical order and each drug name includes a color box that shows which tier the drug falls within. If your prescription drug is not on this list, it is not covered under our four-tier benefit structure. TIER 1 TIER 2 TIER 3 TIER 4 Specialty Generic drugs Generic drugs Brand-name drugs brand-name drugs on the published list. not included in Tier 1. on the published list. on the published list. Under the four-tier benefit structure, you pay a lower copayment for medically necessary generic medications and a higher copayment for specialty brand-name medications. Your copayments depend on your plan. For information about your prescription copayments, please review your Summary of Benefits. If your physician has prescribed a medically necessary generic medication, but you prefer to have the brand-name drug, you will pay the full member rate for the brand-name medication. Certain drugs may deviate from the four-tier benefit structure. See the following definitions for abbreviations linked to certain drugs on this list: • ACA = Under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), certain over-the-counter and prescription drugs are covered at no charge when prescribed by a physician for preventative purposes. • HCR = Certain Food and Drug Administration-approved contraceptive drugs and devices are available at no charge under health care reform (HCR). • PAH = There are some drugs that are covered only for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). • TC = There are no charges for approved tobacco cessation (TC) products. This drug list is subject to change and drugs may be added or removed without notice. Some drugs fall in different tiers depending on strength and dosage form. For the most up-to-date listing of formulary drugs, including strengths and dosage forms available, visit kp.org/formulary and select “Covered drugs in your area”. You’ll find the Kaiser Permanente Hawaii Drug Formulary under the “Our formularies” section. Check back often for updates. QUESTIONS? Please contact your employer or call our Customer Service Center at 1-800-966-5955. For the deaf, hard of hearing, or speech impaired, call TTY 711 or 1-877-447-5990 (toll free). Member & Marketing Communications 4867MEM-15 KAH2338 August 2015 rev. A ¢ Amoxicillin-Clavulanate ¢ Benztropine 2mg ¢ Carbidopa ¢ Abacavir ¢ Amoxicillin ¢ Benzyl alcohol ¢ Carbidopa-Levodopa ¢ Abacavir-Lamivudine ¢ Amphetamin- ¢ Bepotastine ¢ Carbinoxamine ¢ Abacavir-Lamivudine-Zidovudine Dextroamphetamine ¢ Besifloxacin ¢ Carisoprodol ¢ Abatacept ¢ Anagrelide ¢ Betamethasone ¢ Carteolol ¢ Abiraterone ¢ Anakinra ¢ Betaxolol ¢ Carvedilol tablet ¢ Acamprosate ¢ Anastrozole ¢ Bethanechol ¢ Carvedilol suspension ¢ Acarbose ¢ Antipyrine-Benzocaine ¢ Bexarotene ¢ Cefaclor ¢ Acebutolol ¢ Apomorphine ¢ Bicalutamide ¢ Cefazolin ¢ Acetaminophen-Codeine ¢ Apraclonidine ¢ Bimatoprost ¢ Cefdinir ¢ Acetazolamide ¢ Apremilast ¢ Bisoprolol ¢ Cefpodoxime ¢ Acetic acid ¢ Aprepitant ¢ Bisoprolol-Hydrochlorothiazide ¢ Celecoxib ¢ Acetohydroxamic acid ¢ Arformoterol ¢ Boceprevir ¢ Cephalexin ¢ Acetylcysteine ¢ Aripiprazole ¢ Bosentan ¢ Certolizumab ¢ Acitretin ¢ Aripiprazole oral solution ¢ Bosutinib ¢ Cevimeline ¢ Acyclovir ¢ Armodafinil ¢ Brimonidine ophthalmic solution ¢ Chlorambucil ¢ Adalimumab ¢ Artemether-Lumefantrine ¢ Brimonidine topical gel ¢ Chlordiazepoxide ¢ Adapalene ¢ Artificial tear ophthalmic ¢ Brimonidine-Timolol ¢ Chlordiazepoxide-Clidinium ¢ Adapalene-Benzoyl peroxide ¢ Asenapine ¢ Brinzolamide ¢ Chlorhexidine ¢ Adefovir ACA Aspirin ¢ Bromfenac ¢ Chloroquine ¢ Albendazole ¢ Aspirin-Extended release ¢ Bromocriptine 0.8mg tablet ¢ Chlorothiazide ¢ Albuterol tablet dipyridamole ¢ Bromocriptine 2.5mg tablet ¢ Chlorpromazine ¢ Albuterol 2mg/5ml syrup ¢ Atazanavir ¢ Budesonide ¢ Chlorpropamide ¢ Albuterol 0.083% ¢ Atenolol ¢ Budesonide 9mg tablet ¢ Chlorthalidone inhalation solution ¢ Atenolol suspension ¢ Bumetanide ¢ Chlorzoxazone ¢ Albuterol 0.5% ¢ Atomoxetine ¢ Buprenorphine patch ACA Cholecalciferol inhalation solution ¢ Atorvastatin ¢ Buprenorphine sublingual tablet ¢ Cholestyramine ¢ Albuterol 1.25mg/3ml ¢ Atovaquone inhalation solution ¢ Buprenorphine-Naloxone ¢ Ciclesonide ¢ Atovaquone-Proguanil ¢ Bupropion ¢ Ciclopirox ¢ Albuterol 108mcg-actuation 62.5mg-25mg TC Bupropion 150mg ¢ Cilostazol inhaler ¢ Atovaquone-Proguanil sustained release tablet ¢ Cimetidine ¢ Alcaftadine ¢ Atropine ¢ Buspirone ¢ Cinacalcet ¢ Alclometasone ¢ Axitinib ¢ Buspirone 5mg, 10mg tablet ¢ Ciprofloxacin ¢ Alendronate ¢ Azathioprine ¢ Butalbital-Acetaminophen- ¢ Ciprofloxacin-Dexamethasone ¢ Alfuzosin ¢ Azelaic Caffeine ¢ Ciprofloxacin-Hydrocortisone ¢ Aliskiren ¢ Azelastine ¢ Butalbital-Aspirin-Caffeine ¢ Citalopram ¢ Alitretinoin ¢ Azelastine-Fluticasone ¢ Butamben-Tetracaine- ¢ Citalopram 20mg, 40mg tablet ¢ Allopurinol ¢ Azilsartan Benzocaine ¢ Citric acid ¢ Almotriptan ¢ Azithromycin ¢ Clarithromycin ¢ Alosetron ¢ Aztreonam C ¢ Alprazolam ¢ Cabozantinib ¢ Clemastine ¢ Altretamine B ¢ Caffeine ¢ Clindamycin ¢ Aluminum acetate-Acetic acid ¢ Bacitracin ¢ Calcipotriene ¢ Clindamycin-Benzoyl peroxide ¢ Aluminum chloride ¢ Bacitracin-Neomycin- ¢ Calcipotriene-Betamethasone ¢ Clindamycin-Tretinoin ¢ Alvimopan Polymyxin B ¢ Calcitonin injection ¢ Clobetasol ¢ Amantadine ¢ Baclofen ¢ Calcitonin nasal spray ¢ Clocortolone ¢ Ambrisentan ¢ Balsalazide ¢ Calcitriol ¢ Clomipramine ¢ Amcinonide ¢ Becaplermin ¢ Calcium acetate ¢ Clonazepam ¢ Amiloride ¢ Beclomethasone ¢ Canakinumab ¢ Clonidine tablet ¢ Aminocaproic ¢ Belladonna-Opium ¢ Candesartan ¢ Clonidine suspension ¢ Aminosalicylic ¢ Benazepril ¢ Capecitabine ¢ Clopidogrel ¢ Amiodarone ¢ Benzonatate ¢ Captopril ¢ Clorazepate ¢ Amitriptyline ¢ Benzoyl peroxide-erythromycin ¢ Carbamazepine 100mg ¢ Clotrimazole ¢ Amlodipine ¢ Benztropine extended release tablet ¢ Clotrimazole-Betamethasone ¢ Amoxapine ¢ Carbamazepine ¢ Clozapine ¢ = Tier 1 ¢= Tier 2 ¢ = Tier 3 ¢ = Tier 4 ¢ Codeine ¢ Diethylpropion ¢ Enfuvirtide ¢ Exenatide ¢ Colchicine ¢ Difenoxin-Atropine ¢ Enoxaparin ¢ Ezetimibe ¢ Colchicine-Probenecid ¢ Diflorasone ¢ Entacapone ¢ Ezogabine ¢ Colesevelam ¢ Diflunisal ¢ Entecavir ¢ Colestipol ¢ Difluprednate ¢ Entecavir solution F ¢ Famciclovir ¢ Collagenase ¢ Digoxin ¢ Enzalutamide ¢ Febuxostat ACA Condoms: Female ¢ Digoxin solution ¢ Epinastine ¢ Felbamate ACA Contraceptive sponge ¢ Dihydroergotamine ¢ Epinephrine ¢ Felodipine ¢ Corticotropin ¢ Diltiazem ¢ Eplerenone ¢ Fenofibrate ¢ Cortisone ¢ Dimethyl fumarate ¢ Epoetin ¢ Fenoprofen ¢ Crizotinib ¢ Diphenhydramine-Lidocaine- ¢ Eprosartan ¢ Fentanyl ¢ Cromolyn Aluminum hydroxide- ¢ Ergocalciferol ACA Ferrous sulfate ¢ Crotamiton Magnesium hydroxide- (by prescription/legend) Simethicone ¢ Fesoterodine ¢ Cyclobenzaprine ACA Ergocalciferol (over the counter) ¢ Diphenoxylate-Atropine ¢ Fidaxomicin ¢ Cyclophosphamide ¢ Ergoloid ¢ Dipyridamole ¢ Filgrastim ¢ Cycloserine ¢ Ergotamine ¢ Disopyramide ¢ Finasteride ¢ Cyclosporine ophthalmic and ¢ Ergotamine-Caffeine solution ¢ Disopyramide controlled release ¢ Erlotinib ¢ Fingolimod ¢ Cyclosporine capsule ¢ Disulfiram ¢ Erythromycin 333mg ¢ Flavoxate ¢ Cyproheptadine ¢ Divalproex enteric coated tablet ¢ Flecainide ¢ Dofetilide ¢ Erythromycin 400mg tablet, ¢ Fluconazole D ¢ Dolasetron 250mg enteric coated tablet, ¢ Flucytosine ¢ Dabigatran ¢ Dolutegravir 400mg/5ml suspension ¢ Fludrocortisone ¢ Dalfampridine ¢ Donepezil ¢ Erythromycin topical solution, ¢ Fluocinolone ¢ Danazol ¢ Dornase 200mg/5ml suspension, ¢ ophthalmic ointment Fluocinonide ¢ Dapsone ¢ Dorzolamide ¢ ¢ Escitalopram Fluorometholone ointment ¢ Darifenacin ¢ Dorzolamide-Timolol ¢ ¢ Esomeprazole Fluorometholone suspension ¢ Darunavir ¢ Doxazosin ¢ ¢ Esterified estrogens Fluorouracil ¢ Dasatinib ¢ Doxepin ¢ ¢ Fluorouracil 1% cream ¢ Esterified estrogens- Deferasirox ¢ Doxepin cream Methyltestosterone ¢ Fluoxetine ¢ Deferiprone ¢ Doxercalciferol ¢ Esterified estrogens- ¢ Fluoxymesterone ¢ Delavirdine ¢ Doxycycline Methyltestosterone ¢ Fluphenazine ¢ Demeclocycline ¢ Doxycycline suspension 1.2mg-2.5mg tablet ¢ Flurandrenolide ¢ Denosumab ¢ Dronabinol ¢ Estradiol ¢ Flurbiprofen ¢ Desipramine ¢ Dronedarone ¢ Estradiol 0.5mg tablet ¢ Flutamide ¢ Desloratadine ¢ Duloxetine ¢ Estradiol vaginal tablet and ring ¢ Fluticasone nasal ¢ Desmopressin ¢ Dutasteride ¢ Estramustine ¢ Fluticasone ointment ¢ Desonide ¢ Dyphylline ¢ Estrogens conjugated ¢ Fluticasone-Salmeterol ¢ Desoximetasone ¢ Estropipate ¢ Fluvastatin ¢ Desvenlafaxine E ¢ Eszopiclone ¢ Fluvoxamine ¢ Echothiophate ¢ Desvenlafaxine 100mg tablet ¢ Etanercept ¢ Folic acid ¢ Econazole ¢ Dexamethasone ¢ Ethacrynic acid ACA Folic acid 400mcg, 800mcg ¢ Efavirenz ¢ Dexlansoprazole ¢ Ethambutol tablet ¢ Efavirenz-Emtricitabine-Tenofovir ¢ Dexmethylphenidate HCR Ethinyl estradiol-Drospirenone ¢ Formoterol ¢ Eletriptan ¢ Dextroamphetamine HCR Ethinyl estradiol-Ethynodiol ¢ Fosamprenavir ¢ Eltrombopag ¢ Dextromethorphan-Quinidine diacetate ¢ Fosinopril ¢ Elvitegravir-Cobicistat- HCR Diaphragm ¢ Ethionamide ¢ Frovatriptan Emtricitabine-Tenofovir ¢ Diazepam ¢ Ethosuximide ¢ Furosemide ¢ Emedastine ¢ Diazoxide ¢ Ethotoin ¢ Furosemide solution ¢ Emtricitabine ¢ Diclofenac ¢ Etidronate ¢ Emtricitabine-Rilpivirine- ¢ Diclofenac gel ¢ Etodolac G Tenofovir ¢ Gabapentin ¢ Dicloxacillin ¢ Etoposide ¢ Emtricitabine-Tenofovir ¢ Gabapentin enacarbil ¢ Dicyclomine ¢ Enalapril ¢ Etravirine ¢ ¢ Galantamine
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Metabolic-Hydroxy and Carboxy Functionalization of Alkyl Moieties in Drug Molecules: Prediction of Structure Influence and Pharmacologic Activity
    molecules Review Metabolic-Hydroxy and Carboxy Functionalization of Alkyl Moieties in Drug Molecules: Prediction of Structure Influence and Pharmacologic Activity Babiker M. El-Haj 1,* and Samrein B.M. Ahmed 2 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, Fufairah 00971, UAE 2 College of Medicine, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 00971, UAE; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 6 February 2020; Accepted: 7 April 2020; Published: 22 April 2020 Abstract: Alkyl moieties—open chain or cyclic, linear, or branched—are common in drug molecules. The hydrophobicity of alkyl moieties in drug molecules is modified by metabolic hydroxy functionalization via free-radical intermediates to give primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohols depending on the class of the substrate carbon. The hydroxymethyl groups resulting from the functionalization of methyl groups are mostly oxidized further to carboxyl groups to give carboxy metabolites. As observed from the surveyed cases in this review, hydroxy functionalization leads to loss, attenuation, or retention of pharmacologic activity with respect to the parent drug. On the other hand, carboxy functionalization leads to a loss of activity with the exception of only a few cases in which activity is retained. The exceptions are those groups in which the carboxy functionalization occurs at a position distant from a well-defined primary pharmacophore. Some hydroxy metabolites, which are equiactive with their parent drugs, have been developed into ester prodrugs while carboxy metabolites, which are equiactive to their parent drugs, have been developed into drugs as per se.
    [Show full text]
  • Optum Essential Health Benefits Enhanced Formulary PDL January
    PENICILLINS ketorolac tromethamineQL GENERIC mefenamic acid amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium nabumetone amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium ER naproxen January 2016 ampicillin naproxen sodium ampicillin sodium naproxen sodium CR ESSENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS ampicillin-sulbactam naproxen sodium ER ENHANCED PREFERRED DRUG LIST nafcillin sodium naproxen DR The Optum Preferred Drug List is a guide identifying oxacillin sodium oxaprozin preferred brand-name medicines within select penicillin G potassium piroxicam therapeutic categories. The Preferred Drug List may piperacillin sodium/ tazobactam sulindac not include all drugs covered by your prescription sodium tolmetin sodium drug benefit. Generic medicines are available within many of the therapeutic categories listed, in addition piperacillin sodium/tazobactam Fenoprofen Calcium sodium to categories not listed, and should be considered Meclofenamate Sodium piperacillin/tazobactam as the first line of prescribing. Tolmetin Sodium Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium LOW COST GENERIC PREFERRED For benefit coverage or restrictions please check indomethacin your benefit plan document(s). This listing is revised Augmentin meloxicam periodically as new drugs and new prescribing LOW COST GENERIC naproxen kit information becomes available. It is recommended amoxicillin that you bring this list of medications when you or a dicloxacillin sodium CARDIOVASCULAR covered family member sees a physician or other penicillin v potassium ACE-INHIBITORS healthcare provider. GENERIC QUINOLONES captopril ANTI-INFECTIVES
    [Show full text]
  • DESCRIPTION Tolazamide Is an Oral Blood-Glucose-Lowering Drug of the Sulfonylurea Class
    TOLAZAMIDE- tolazamide tablet PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ---------- DESCRIPTION Tolazamide is an oral blood-glucose-lowering drug of the sulfonylurea class. Tolazamide is a white or creamy-white powder very slightly soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. The chemical name is 1-(Hexahydro-1 H-azepin-1-yl)-3-( p-tolylsulfonyl)urea. Tolazamide has the following structural formula: Each tablet for oral administration contains 250 mg or 500 mg of tolazamide, USP and the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and sodium lauryl sulfate. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Actions Tolazamide appears to lower the blood glucose acutely by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas, an effect dependent upon functioning beta cells in the pancreatic islets. The mechanism by which tolazamide lowers blood glucose during long-term administration has not been clearly established. With chronic administration in type II diabetic patients, the blood glucose-lowering effect persists despite a gradual decline in the insulin secretory response to the drug. Extrapancreatic effects may be involved in the mechanism of action of oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs. Some patients who are initially responsive to oral hypoglycemic drugs, including tolazamide tablets, may become unresponsive or poorly responsive over time. Alternatively, tolazamide tablets may be effective in some patients who have become unresponsive to one or more other sulfonylurea drugs. In addition to its blood glucose-lowering actions, tolazamide produces a mild diuresis by enhancement of renal free water clearance. Pharmacokinetics Tolazamide is rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak serum concentrations occur at 3 to 4 hours following a single oral dose of the drug.
    [Show full text]
  • AHFS Pharmacologic-Therapeutic Classification System
    AHFS Pharmacologic-Therapeutic Classification System Abacavir 48:24 - Mucolytic Agents - 382638 8:18.08.20 - HIV Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse Acitretin 84:92 - Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents, Abaloparatide 68:24.08 - Parathyroid Agents - 317036 Aclidinium Abatacept 12:08.08 - Antimuscarinics/Antispasmodics - 313022 92:36 - Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs - Acrivastine 92:20 - Immunomodulatory Agents - 306003 4:08 - Second Generation Antihistamines - 394040 Abciximab 48:04.08 - Second Generation Antihistamines - 394040 20:12.18 - Platelet-aggregation Inhibitors - 395014 Acyclovir Abemaciclib 8:18.32 - Nucleosides and Nucleotides - 381045 10:00 - Antineoplastic Agents - 317058 84:04.06 - Antivirals - 381036 Abiraterone Adalimumab; -adaz 10:00 - Antineoplastic Agents - 311027 92:36 - Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs - AbobotulinumtoxinA 56:92 - GI Drugs, Miscellaneous - 302046 92:20 - Immunomodulatory Agents - 302046 92:92 - Other Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents - 12:20.92 - Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Miscellaneous - Adapalene 84:92 - Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents, Acalabrutinib 10:00 - Antineoplastic Agents - 317059 Adefovir Acamprosate 8:18.32 - Nucleosides and Nucleotides - 302036 28:92 - Central Nervous System Agents, Adenosine 24:04.04.24 - Class IV Antiarrhythmics - 304010 Acarbose Adenovirus Vaccine Live Oral 68:20.02 - alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors - 396015 80:12 - Vaccines - 315016 Acebutolol Ado-Trastuzumab 24:24 - beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents - 387003 10:00 - Antineoplastic Agents - 313041 12:16.08.08 - Selective
    [Show full text]
  • NINDS Custom Collection II
    ACACETIN ACEBUTOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE ACECLIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE ACEMETACIN ACETAMINOPHEN ACETAMINOSALOL ACETANILIDE ACETARSOL ACETAZOLAMIDE ACETOHYDROXAMIC ACID ACETRIAZOIC ACID ACETYL TYROSINE ETHYL ESTER ACETYLCARNITINE ACETYLCHOLINE ACETYLCYSTEINE ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE ACETYLGLUTAMIC ACID ACETYL-L-LEUCINE ACETYLPHENYLALANINE ACETYLSEROTONIN ACETYLTRYPTOPHAN ACEXAMIC ACID ACIVICIN ACLACINOMYCIN A1 ACONITINE ACRIFLAVINIUM HYDROCHLORIDE ACRISORCIN ACTINONIN ACYCLOVIR ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE ADENOSINE ADRENALINE BITARTRATE AESCULIN AJMALINE AKLAVINE HYDROCHLORIDE ALANYL-dl-LEUCINE ALANYL-dl-PHENYLALANINE ALAPROCLATE ALBENDAZOLE ALBUTEROL ALEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE ALLANTOIN ALLOPURINOL ALMOTRIPTAN ALOIN ALPRENOLOL ALTRETAMINE ALVERINE CITRATE AMANTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE AMCINONIDE AMIKACIN SULFATE AMILORIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 3-AMINOBENZAMIDE gamma-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID AMINOCAPROIC ACID N- (2-AMINOETHYL)-4-CHLOROBENZAMIDE (RO-16-6491) AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE AMINOHIPPURIC ACID AMINOHYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID AMINOLEVULINIC ACID HYDROCHLORIDE AMINOPHENAZONE 3-AMINOPROPANESULPHONIC ACID AMINOPYRIDINE 9-AMINO-1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROACRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMINOTHIAZOLE AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE AMIPRILOSE AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE AMLODIPINE BESYLATE AMODIAQUINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE AMOXEPINE AMOXICILLIN AMPICILLIN SODIUM AMPROLIUM AMRINONE AMYGDALIN ANABASAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANABASINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANCITABINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANDROSTERONE SODIUM SULFATE ANIRACETAM ANISINDIONE ANISODAMINE ANISOMYCIN ANTAZOLINE PHOSPHATE ANTHRALIN ANTIMYCIN A (A1 shown) ANTIPYRINE APHYLLIC
    [Show full text]
  • Sulfonylureas
    Therapeutic Class Overview Sulfonylureas INTRODUCTION In the United States (US), diabetes mellitus affects more than 30 million people and is the 7th leading cause of death (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] 2018). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes and is characterized by elevated fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations (American Diabetes Association [ADA] 2019[a]). It is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and ongoing patient self-management education and support to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications (ADA 2019[b]). ○ Complications of T2DM include hypertension, heart disease, stroke, vision loss, nephropathy, and neuropathy (ADA 2019[a]). In addition to dietary and lifestyle management, T2DM can be treated with insulin, one or more oral medications, or a combination of both. Many patients with T2DM will require combination therapy (Garber et al 2019). Classes of oral medications for the management of blood glucose levels in patients with T2DM focus on increasing insulin secretion, increasing insulin responsiveness, or both, decreasing the rate of carbohydrate absorption, decreasing the rate of hepatic glucose production, decreasing the rate of glucagon secretion, and blocking glucose reabsorption by the kidney (Garber et al 2019). Pharmacologic options for T2DM include sulfonylureas (SFUs), biguanides, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), meglitinides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs, amylinomimetics, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, combination products, and insulin (Garber et al 2019). SFUs are the oldest of the oral antidiabetic medications, and all agents are available generically. The SFUs can be divided into 2 categories: first-generation and second-generation.
    [Show full text]
  • Oregon Drug Use Review / Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee
    © Copyright 2012 Oregon State University. All Rights Reserved Drug Use Research & Management Program OHA Division of Medical Assistance Programs 500 Summer Street NE, E35; Salem, OR 97301-1079 Phone 503-947-5220 | Fax 503-947-1119 Oregon Drug Use Review / Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee Thursday, July 26, 2018 1:00 - 5:00 PM HP Conference Room 4070 27th Ct. SE Salem, OR 97302 MEETING AGENDA NOTE: Any agenda items discussed by the DUR/P&T Committee may result in changes to utilization control recommendations to the OHA. Timing, sequence and inclusion of agenda items presented to the Committee may change at the discretion of the OHA, P&T Committee and staff. The DUR/P&T Committee functions as the Rules Advisory Committee to the Oregon Health Plan for adoption into Oregon Administrative Rules 410-121-0030 & 410-121-0040 as required by 414.325(9). I. CALL TO ORDER 1:00 PM A. Roll Call & Introductions R. Citron (OSU) B. Conflict of Interest Declaration R. Citron (OSU) C. Approval of Agenda and Minutes T. Klein (Chair) D. Department Update T. Douglass (OHA) E. Legislative Update T. Douglass (OHA) F. Mental Health Clinical Advisory Group Discussion K. Shirley (MHCAG) 1:40 PM II. CONSENT AGENDA TOPICS T. Klein (Chair) A. P&T Methods B. CMS and State Annual Reports C. Quarterly Utilization Reports 1. Public Comment III. DUR ACTIVITIES 1:45 PM A. ProDUR Report R. Holsapple (DXC) B. RetroDUR Report D. Engen (OSU) C. Oregon State Drug Reviews K. Sentena (OSU) 1. A Review of Implications of FDA Expedited Approval Pathways, Including the Breakthrough Therapy Designation IV.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Health Fact Sheet for Dental Professionals Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
    Oral Health Fact Sheet for Dental Professionals Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes ranges from predominantly insulin resistant with relative insulin deficiency to predominantly an insulin secretory defect with insulin resistance, American Diabetes Association, 2010. (ICD 9 code 250.0) Prevalence • 23.6 million Americans have diabetes – 7.8% of U.S. population. Of these, 5.7 million do not know they have the disease. • 1.6 million people ≥20 years of age are diagnosed with diabetes annually. • 90–95% of diabetic patients have Type 2 Diabetes. Manifestations Clinical of untreated diabetes • High blood glucose level • Excessive thirst • Frequent urination • Weight loss • Fatigue Oral • Increased risk of dental caries due to salivary hypofunction • Accelerated tooth eruption with increasing age • Gingivitis with high risk of periodontal disease (poor control increases risk) • Salivary gland dysfunction leading to xerostomia • Impaired or delayed wound healing • Taste dysfunction • Oral candidiasis • Higher incidence of lichen planus Other Potential Disorders/Concerns • Ketoacidosis, kidney failure, gastroparesis, diabetic neuropathy and retinopathy • Poor circulation, increased occurrence of infections, and coronary heart disease Management Medication The list of medications below are intended to serve only as a guide to facilitate the dental professional’s understanding of medications that can be used for Type 2 Diabetes. Medical protocols can vary for individuals with Type 2 Diabetes from few to multiple medications. ACTION TYPE BRAND NAME/GENERIC SIDE EFFECTS Enhance insulin Sulfonylureas Glipizide (Glucotrol) Angioedema secretion Glyburide (DiaBeta, Fluconazoles may increase the Glynase, Micronase) hypoglycemic effect of glipizide Glimepiride (Amaryl) and glyburide. Tolazamide (Tolinase, Corticosteroids may produce Diabinese, Orinase) hyperglycemia. Floxin and other fluoroquinolones may increase the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas.
    [Show full text]
  • (Glyburide) Tablets USP 1.25, 2.5 and 5 Mg DESCRIPTION Diaßeta
    Diaßeta® (glyburide) Tablets USP 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg DESCRIPTION Diaßeta® (glyburide) is an oral blood-glucose-lowering drug of the sulfonylurea class. It is a white, crystalline compound, formulated as tablets of 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, and 5 mg strengths for oral administration. Diaßeta tablets USP contain the active ingredient glyburide and the following inactive ingredients: dibasic calcium phosphate USP, magnesium stearate NF, microcrystalline cellulose NF, sodium alginate NF, talc USP. Diaßeta 1.25 mg tablets USP also contain D&C Yellow #10 Aluminum Lake and FD&C Red #40 Aluminum Lake. Diaßeta 2.5 mg tablets USP also contain FD&C Red #40 Aluminum Lake. Diaßeta 5 mg tablets USP also contain D&C Yellow #10 Aluminum Lake, and FD&C Blue #1. Chemically, Diaßeta is identified as 1-[[p-[2-(5-Chloro-o-anisamido)ethyl]phenyl]sulfonyl]-3-cyclohexylurea. The CAS Registry Number is 10238-21-8. The structural formula is: Cl CONHCH2CH2 SO2NHCONH OCH3 The molecular weight is 493.99. The aqueous solubility of Diaßeta increases with pH as a result of salt formation. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Diaßeta appears to lower the blood glucose acutely by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas, an effect dependent upon functioning beta cells in the pancreatic islets. The mechanism by which Diaßeta lowers blood glucose during long-term administration has not been clearly established. With chronic administration in Type II diabetic patients, the blood glucose lowering effect persists despite a gradual decline in the insulin secretory response to the drug. Extrapancreatic effects may play a part in the mechanism of action of oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Hydroxamic Acids in Biochemical Processes
    Biochemistry THE ROLE OF HYDROXAMIC ACIDS IN BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AHMED E. FAZARY* MOHAMED M. KHALIL** ALY FAHMY* TANTAWY A. TANTAWY* SUMMARY: Hydroxamic acids, a group of naturally occurring and synthetic weak organic acids of general formula RC(=O)N(R')OH, are widespread in the tissues of plants, in metabolites of bacteria and fungi, including complex compounds. Hydroxamic acids and their derivatives fulfill a variety of important roles in biology and medicine; here we provide a comprehensive brief review of the most basic medicinal chemistry and pharmacology of hydroxamate molecules. Key Words: Hydroxamic acids, biological activities, biochemical processes. INTRODUCTION INHIBITION EFFECT AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY Since their discovery by Wahlroos and Virtanen (1) in OF HYDROXAMIC ACIDS 1959, and over the past decades, the chemistry and bio- The design and synthesis of ligands for biomedical chemistry of hydroxamic acids and their derivatives have applications in fields such as anticancer applications has attracted considerable attention, due to their pharmaco- become of great importance. One of these important lig- logical, toxicological and pathological properties. Hydrox- ands is hydroxamate molecules. Hydroxamic acids have amic acids generally have low toxicities and have a wide been found to react with both proteins and nucleic acids spectrum of activities in all types of biological systems, as (2). The reactivity of hydroxamic acids towards sulfhydryl such they act variously as growth factors, food additives, groups of proteins has been suggested to be the reason tumor inhibitors, antimicrobial agents, antituberculous, for their inhibitory effect on various enzymes. The pro- antileukemic agents, key pharmacophore in many impor- tease papain, for instance, with a single free cysteine tant chemotherapeutic agents, pigments and cell-division residue located at the active site was irreversibly inhibited factors.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Sulfonylureas Administered Centrally on the Blood Glucose Level in Immobilization Stress Model
    Korean J Physiol Pharmacol Vol 19: 197－202, May, 2015 pISSN 1226-4512 http://dx.doi.org/10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.3.197 eISSN 2093-3827 Effect of Sulfonylureas Administered Centrally on the Blood Glucose Level in Immobilization Stress Model Naveen Sharma1, Yun-Beom Sim1, Soo-Hyun Park1, Su-Min Lim1, Sung-Su Kim1, Jun-Sub Jung1, Jae-Seung Hong2, and Hong-Won Suh1 1Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, 2Department of Physical Education, College of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea Sulfonylureas are widely used as an antidiabetic drug. In the present study, the effects of sul- fonylurea administered supraspinally on immobilization stress-induced blood glucose level were studied in ICR mice. Mice were once enforced into immobilization stress for 30 min and returned to the cage. The blood glucose level was measured 30, 60, and 120 min after immobilization stress initiation. W e found that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection with 30 μ g of glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride or tolazamide attenuated the increased blood glucose level induced by immobilization stress. Immo- bilization stress causes an elevation of the blood corticosterone and insulin levels. Sulfonylureas pre- treated i.c.v. caused a further elevation of the blood corticosterone level when mice were forced into the stress. In addition, sulfonylureas pretreated i.c.v. alone caused an elevation of the plasma insulin level. Furthermore, immobilization stress-induced insulin level was reduced by i.c.v. pretreated sulfonylureas. Our results suggest that lowering effect of sulfonylureas administered supraspinally against immobilization stress-induced increase of the blood glucose level appears to be primarily mediated via elevation of the plasma insulin level.
    [Show full text]
  • Medstar Family Choice - Maryland Healthchoice Prescribing Guide 2020 (710)
    MedStar Family Choice - Maryland HealthChoice Prescribing Guide 2020 (710) (10/01/2020) INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 NONDISCRIMINATION STATEMENT ............................................................................................................................................. 5 PREFACE ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS (P&T) COMMITTEE .............................................................................................................. 8 PRODUCT SELECTION CRITERIA ................................................................................................................................................. 8 GENERIC AVAILABILITY ................................................................................................................................................................ 8 GENERIC SUBSTITUTION .............................................................................................................................................................. 8 MAIL SERVICE PRESCRIPTIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 9 MEDICAL EXCEPTION ...................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]