DOCSLIB.ORG

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE March 25, 1999 Immediately After Her Reduced Overhaul Be- Tigations That Followed the Thresher’S De- That Was Both Safe and Effective

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE March 25, 1999 Immediately After Her Reduced Overhaul Be- Tigations That Followed the Thresher’S De- That Was Both Safe and Effective March 25, 1999 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE 6019 TRIBUTE TO CONTOOCOOK VALLEY ety held a conference for more than 500 certification with safety certification modi- REGIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Detroit Public School children on the fications during regular overhauls. However, urgent operational commitments sometimes ∑ Mr. SMITH of New Hampshire. Mr. subject of teen pregnancy. In addition to its public service endeavors, the So- dictate that some items of the full safety President, I rise today to pay tribute certification package be deferred until a sub- to Contoocook Valley Regional High ciety encourages excellence in health sequent overhaul in order to reduce the time School for winning the regional com- care by offering Continuing Medical spent in overhaul, thus shortening off-line petition of the Second Annual Ocean Education credits to its members and time and increasing operational availability. Sciences Bowl. I commend them for by joining with the Michigan State In these cases, a minimum package of sub- their accomplishment. Medical Society and the American marine safety work items is authorized The regional competition included Medical Association to promote issues which provides enhanced safety but results in certification for unrestricted operations teams from fifteen other schools in of importance to the medical commu- nity at large. to a depth shallower than the designed test New Hampshire, Vermont and Maine. depth.’’ According to an April 5, 1968 con- Their final match, which was held at Mr. President, the Wayne County fidential memorandum, the Navy did not ex- the University of New Hampshire, was Medical Society has been a valued pect the Scorpion to be fully certified under played against high school students member of the Metro Detroit commu- SUBSAFE until 1974, six years after she was from Bridgeton Maine. It was a close nity since 1849. I invite my colleagues lost. call and Contoocook Valley won by the to join me in thanking the members of On February 1, 1967, the Scorpion entered narrow margin of two points! the Society for their commitment, and the Norfolk yard and began her ‘‘Reduced Contoocook Valley’s team consists of in wishing them continued success as Availability’’ overhaul. By the time she sailed out on October 6, she had received the five students. The team members are they address the health needs of the ∑ cheapest submarine overhaul in United Amber Carter, Megan Cahill, Sonja 21st century. States Navy history. Originally scheduled Fritz, Cissy Courtemanche, and Emily f for more extensive reconditioning, the Scor- Dark. Jon Manley, science teacher at SUBMISS: PART III pion was further hurt by manpower and ma- the Contoocook Valley, is the coach for terial shortages in the yard because of the ∑ the team. Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President, overhaul of the U.S.S. Skate (SSN 578), Nor- The students train very hard every today I wish to have printed in the folk’s first of a nuclear submarine. This ret- year for this competition. This is the RECORD the final portion of Mark A. rofit had gobbled up both workmen and re- Bradley’s award winning article on the sources at an unprecedented rate. This second year in a row that Contoocook meant that a submarine tender—a mainte- Valley Regional High School has won disappearance of the U.S.S. Scorpion. I have had the previous two parts of this nance ship—and the Scorpion’s own crew had this competition. They will soon be to perform most of the work normally done traveling to Washington, D.C. to com- article printed in the last two by yard workers. She received little more pete in the nationals. RECORDS. I would like to applaud Mr. than the emergency repairs required to get As a former high school teacher, I ap- Bradley once more for his outstanding her back to sea and the refueling of her reac- preciate the hard work the students achievements, and thank him for serv- tor. Out of the $3.2 million spent on her dur- and the coach have dedicated to this ing as a loyal and valued member of ing these eight months, $2.3 million went team effort. I look forward to their my staff. into refueling and altering her nuclear reac- The material follows: tor. A standard submarine overhaul of this visit to Washington and wish them the era lasted almost two years and cost over $20 best of luck. It is an honor to represent SUBMISS: THE MYSTERIOUS DEATH OF THE million. them in the United States Senate.∑ U.S.S. ‘‘SCORPION’’ (SSN 589), PART III When the Scorpion left Norfolk on Feb- f (By Mark A. Bradley) ruary 15, 1968, on her Mediterranean deploy- Such dire predictions prompted Admiral ment she was a last minute replacement for RECOGNITION OF THE WAYNE David McDonald, then Chief of Naval Oper- the U.S.S. Sea Wolf (SSN 575), which had col- COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY ations, to follow Admiral Schade’s request lided with another vessel in Boston Harbor. ∑ Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, I rise and approve the development and testing of During her last deployment, the Scorpion had today to pay tribute to the Wayne the experimental ‘‘Planned or Reduced 109 work orders still unfilled—one was for a County Medical Society, which is cele- Availability’’ overhaul concept in the sub- new trash disposal unit latch—and she still marine fleet. In a June 17, 1966, message to lacked a working emergency blow system brating its sesquicentennial anniver- the commanders of both the Navy’s Atlantic and decentralized emergency sea water shut- sary on April 14, 1999. The Wayne Coun- and Pacific fleets, he wrote that in response off valves. She also suffered from chronic ty Medical Society has been an impor- to ‘‘concerns about [the] percent [of] SSN problems in her hydraulics. This system op- tant part of the Metro Detroit commu- off-line time due to length of shipyard over- erated both her stern and sail planes, wing- nity for the past 150 years. hauls, [I have] requested NAVSHIPS develop like structures that controlled her move- The Wayne County Medical Society [a] program to test ‘Planned Availability’ ment. This problem came to the forefront in was formed in 1849 with 50 physicians, concept with U.S.S. Scorpion (SSN 589) and early and mid-November 1967 during the who committed themselves to pro- U.S.S. Tinosa (SSN 606). On July 20, 1966, he Scorpion test voyage to Puerto Rico and the officially approved the Scorpion’s participa- U.S. Virgin Islands as she began violently to viding the best quality medical care to tion in this program which aimed at pro- corkscrew in the water. Although she was the people of Wayne County. The Soci- viding the service’s submarines with shorter put back in dry dock, this problem remained ety has been engaged in many impor- and cheaper but more frequent overhauls be- unsolved. On February 16, 1968, she lost over tant public health campaigns through- tween missions. An undated and unsigned 1,500 gallons of oil from her conning tower as out its history. One of the most nota- confidential memorandum entitled ‘‘Sub- she sailed out of Hampton Roads toward the ble examples was the Society’s massive marine Safety Program Status Report’’ sum- Mediterranean. By that time, she was called polio immunization drive of 1964, led by marizes what lay behind the creation of this ‘‘U.S.S. Scrapiron’’ by many of her crew. Dr. Francis P. Rhoades, which vir- new concept: ‘‘The deferral of SUBSAFE cer- On May 23, 1993, the Houston Chronicle tification work during certain submarine published an article that highlighted these tually eliminated the disease from the overhauls was necessitated by the need to re- mechanical problems. The article quoted City of Detroit. duce submarine off-line time by minimizing from letters mailed home from doomed crew Today, the 4,200 members of the the time spent in overhaul and to achieve a members who complained about these defi- Wayne County Medical Society work more timely delivery of submarines under ciencies. In one of these, Machinist’s Mate together to provide free health care construction by making more of the indus- Second Class David Burton Stone wrote that services for people in need. The Society trial capacity available to new construc- the crew had repaired, replaced or jury- maintains a free medical and dental tion.’’ rigged every piece of the Scorpion equipment. clinic in Detroit, where needy children Admiral Moorer, who succeeded Admiral Commander Slattery also was worried about receive physical exams, health edu- McDonald as CNO, expanded upon what he her mechanical reliability. On March 23, 1968, hoped this new plan would accomplish in a he drafted an emergency request for repairs cation and dental treatment. The Soci- September 6, 1967, letter to Congressman that warned, among other things, that ‘‘the ety also sponsors an annual Christmas William Bates. In that letter, he stated that hull was in a very poor state of preserva- party for children in foster care. In ‘‘it is the policy of the Navy to provide sub- tion’’—the Scorpion had been forced to under- 1998, the Wayne County Medical Soci- marines that have been delivered without go an emergency drydocking in New London VerDate jul 14 2003 12:11 Oct 01, 2004 Jkt 069102 PO 00000 Frm 00239 Fmt 0686 Sfmt 0634 E:\BR99\S25MR9.008 S25MR9 6020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE March 25, 1999 immediately after her reduced overhaul be- tigations that followed the Thresher’s de- that was both safe and effective. Unfortu- cause of this—and bluntly stated that mise. Lost somewhere in the murky twilight nately, the strains of competing with the So- ‘‘[d]elay of the work an additional year could among the North Koreans’ seizure of the viets in the Cold War while fighting an ac- seriously jeopardize the Scorpion material U.S.S.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Educator Activity Booklet to the Arkansas Inland Maritime Museum
    Educator Activity Booklet to the Arkansas Inland Maritime Museum Field trips to the Arkansas Inland Maritime Museum include a guided tour through USS Razorback submarine and an optional age appropriate scavenger hunt through our museum. Students have a limited time at the facility, so completing activities with students at school will help them better understand submarines. There are some activities that introduce students to what submarines are and how they work; while others are follow up activities. There are four main subject areas covered: English Language Arts, Math, Science, and Geography. The activities are organized by grade level then by subject area. Kindergarten—Second Grade……………………………………………………2 Third—Fifth Grade…………………………………………………………………6 Sixth—Eighth Grade………………………………………………………………11 Ninth—Twelfth Grade……………………………………………………………..16 Appendix……………………………………………………………………………18 If your class would like to take a field trip to the Museum please contact us by calling (501) 371-8320 or emailing [email protected]. We offer tours to school groups Wednesday through Saturday 10:00 AM to dusk and Sunday 1:00 PM to dusk. We do give special rates to school groups who book their field trips in advance. Arkansas Inland Maritime Museum | Educator Activity Booklet 1 Kindergarten through Second Grade English Language Arts A fun way to introduce young students to what a submarine is before visiting is by reading The Magic School Bus on the Ocean Floor to your students. The teacher should explain that while the bus turned into a “submarine” it is different from a submarine that is used in warfare. After your class has visited the museum the class can create an anchor chart that shows the new vocabulary they learned.
    [Show full text]
  • NOTE: the Following Was Received from the USSVI National Commander Via Our Region Director and District Commander
    NOTE: The following was received from the USSVI National Commander via our Region Director and District Commander. Please note that several of these links don’t work but the one with PDF references can be retrieved if you go to the main address being referred to that does work and do your own lower level searches from there. I don’t know what to do about the bad flickr link. Subj: Information and Security Issues Associated with the Loss of the USS THRESHER (SSN-593) on 10 April 1963 and Information on the Loss of the USS SCORPION (SSN-589) on 22 May 1968 as it Relates to the Loss of THRESHER Ref: (a) Loss of the USS THRESHER: http://www.jag.navy.mil/library/jagman_investigations.htm http://www.jag.navy.mil/library/investigations/USS%20THRESHER%20PT%201.pdf, 202.pdf, 203.pdf, 204.pdf (b) THE SUBMARINE REVIEW, Winter 2012, pp 134 (c) Administration of Barack H. Obama, memorandum of 29 Dec 2009 Implementation of Executive Order: Classified National Security Information (d) Presidential Executive Order 12958 of 17 April 1995 (e) Executive Order 13526 of 29 December 2009 (f) WHY THE USS SCORPION (SSN-589) WAS LOST, Nimble Books, October 31, 2011. ISBN 978-1-60888-120-8 (g) THE SUBMARINE REVIEW, Winter 2012, pp 151-152 (h) http://www.flickr.com/photos/oneillparker/3224878652/ (i) OPNAVINST 5513.5C: Security Classification Guide 05-37 (j) Naval Ordnance Laboratory Report 69-160 of 20 January 1970 (k) Naval Ordnance Laboratory Report AD/A-000-807 of 20 September 1974 (l) Robert S.
    [Show full text]
  • Albert J. Baciocco, Jr. Vice Admiral, US Navy (Retired)
    Albert J. Baciocco, Jr. Vice Admiral, U. S. Navy (Retired) - - - - Vice Admiral Baciocco was born in San Francisco, California, on March 4, 1931. He graduated from Lowell High School and was accepted into Stanford University prior to entering the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, in June 1949. He graduated from the Naval Academy in June 1953 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering, and completed graduate level studies in the field of nuclear engineering in 1958 as part of his training for the naval nuclear propulsion program. Admiral Baciocco served initially in the heavy cruiser USS SAINT PAUL (CA73) during the final days of the Korean War, and then in the diesel submarine USS WAHOO (SS565) until April of 1957 when he became one of the early officer selectees for the Navy's nuclear submarine program. After completion of his nuclear training, he served in the commissioning crews of three nuclear attack submarines: USS SCORPION (SSN589), as Main Propulsion Assistant (1959-1961); USS BARB (SSN596), as Engineer Officer (1961-1962), then as Executive Officer (1963- 1965); and USS GATO (SSN615), as Commanding Officer (1965-1969). Subsequent at-sea assignments, all headquartered in Charleston, South Carolina, included COMMANDER SUBMARINE DIVISION FORTY-TWO (1969-1971), where he was responsible for the operational training readiness of six SSNs; COMMANDER SUBMARINE SQUADRON FOUR (1974-1976), where he was responsible for the operational and material readiness of fifteen SSNs; and COMMANDER SUBMARINE GROUP SIX (1981-1983), where, during the height of the Cold War, he was accountable for the overall readiness of a major portion of the Atlantic Fleet submarine force, including forty SSNs, 20 SSBNs, and various other submarine force commands totaling approximately 20,000 military personnel, among which numbered some forty strategic submarine crews.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 2018 $6.00
    Volume 2018 1st Quarter American $6.00 Submariner Less we forget USS Scorpion SSN-589. She and our shipmates entered Eternal Patrol on May 22, 1968. There will be more coverage in Volume 2, later this year. Download your American Submariner Electronically - Same great magazine, available earlier. Send an E-mail to [email protected] requesting the change. ISBN LIST 978-0-9896015-0-4 AMERICAN SUBMARINER Page 2 - American Submariner Volume 2018 - Issue 1 Page 3 AMERICAN Table of Contents SUBMARINER Page Number Article This Official Magazine of the United 3 Table of Contents, Deadlines for Submission States Submarine Veterans Inc. is published quarterly by USSVI. 4 USSVI National Officers United States Submarine Veterans Inc. 5 “Poopie Suits & Cowboy Boots” – book proceeds all to charity is a non-profit 501 (C) (19) corporation 6 Selected USSVI . Contacts and Committees in the State of Connecticut. 6 Veterans Affairs Service Officer Printing and Mailing: A. J. Bart of Dallas, Texas. 8 USSVI Regions and Districts 9 USSVI Purpose National Editor 9 A Message from the Chaplain Chuck Emmett 10 Boat Reunions 7011 W. Risner Rd. 11 “How I See It” – message from the editor Glendale, AZ 85308 12 Letters-to-the-Editor (623) 455-8999 15 “Lest We Forget” – shipmates departed on Eternal Patrol [email protected] 20-21 Centerfold – 2018 Cruise/Convention Assistant Editor 22 New USSVI Members Bob Farris 24-25 Boat Sponsorship Program (BSP) (315) 529-97561 27 “From Sea-to-Shining-Sea” – Base Information [email protected], 28 Forever on Eternal Patrol – boats that shall never return 30 7Assoc.
    [Show full text]
  • Remembering USS SCORPION (SSN 589) – Lost, May 1968
    Remembering USS SCORPION (SSN 589) – Lost, May 1968 USS SCORPION (SSN 589), a 3500-ton Skipjack class nuclear-powered attack submarine built at Groton, Connecticut, was commissioned in July 1960. Assigned to the Atlantic Fleet, she took part in the development of contemporary submarine warfare tactics and made periodic deployments to the Mediterranean Sea and other areas where the presence of a fast and stealthy submarine would be beneficial. SCORPION began another Mediterranean cruise in February 1968. She operated with the 6 th Fleet into May, and then headed west for home. On May 21, SCORPION’s crew indicated their position to be about 50 miles south of the Azores. Six days later she was reported overdue at Norfolk. A search was initiated, but on June 5, SCORPION and all hands were declared “presumed lost.” Her name was struck from the Naval Register on June 30, 1968. In late October 1968, her remains were found on the sea floor over 10,000 feet below the surface by a towed deep-submergence vehicle deployed from USNS MIZAR (T-AGOR-11). Photographs, taken then and later, showed that her hull had suffered fatal damage while she was running submerged, and that even more severe damage occurred as she sank. The cause of the initial damage continues to generate controversy decades later. One of the first photographs of SCORPION (SSN 589), taken on 27 June 1960, off New London, Connecticut, during builder's trials. The trials were under the direction of VADM Hyman G. Rickover, shown on sailplanes with CDR James F. Calvert, former skipper of USS SKATE (SSN 578), who described the performance of the ship and crew as “outstanding.” SCORPION’s commanding officer, CDR Norman B.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Exploration Booklet
    Water Exploration Activity Booklet by the Arkansas Inland Maritime Museum Water Exploration activities are designed to be included into educators’ geography lesson plans. These activities can be used by educators throughout the continental United States. Kindergarten through Second Grade…………………………………………………………..2 Third through Fifth Grade………………………………………………………………………..4 Sixth through Eighth Grade……………………………………………………………………...5 Ninth through Twelfth Grade…………………………………………………………………….7 Arkansas Inland Maritime Museum | Water Exploration 1 Kindergarten through Second Grade Kindergarten: Display your state map. First Grade: Display a United States map. Second Grade: Display a world map. Have the students locate their town (state and country). Then students should identify the difference between land and water. What is the closest water source to your town? What rivers are in your state? Some rivers are used to trade goods and raw materials. Use the United States Waterways Map to find out if your state’s river(s) are used for this purpose. These rivers that are used for trade eventually connect to the ocean. Find a river closest to your town and follow it to the ocean. What ocean does your river go to? Locate Arkansas on the United States Waterways Map and explain to students that a United State Naval submarine is on display in Arkansas for people to visit. Have students figure out how the submarine got to North Little Rock, Arkansas. During the map discussion use new terminology with your students such as the cardinal directions (north, south, east, and west) when explaining a location. Arkansas Inland Maritime Museum | Water Exploration 2 “United States Inland Waterways Map” Arkansas Inland Maritime Museum | Water Exploration 3 Third through Fifth Grade Display a United States map and gives students a blank map.
    [Show full text]
  • CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE March 23, 1999 COMMITTEE on FINANCE SUBCOMMITTEE on INVESTIGATIONS I Ask That a Portion of His Award Win- Mr
    5234 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE March 23, 1999 COMMITTEE ON FINANCE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS I ask that a portion of his award win- Mr. SMITH of New Hampshire. Mr. Mr. SMITH of New Hampshire. Mr. ning article be printed in the RECORD President, the Finance Committee re- President, I ask unanimous consent on and intend to have the remainder of quests unanimous consent to conduct a behalf of the Permanent Subcommittee the article printed in the RECORD over hearing on Tuesday, March 23, 1999 be- on Investigations of the Governmental the next several days. ginning at 10 a.m. in room 215 Dirksen. Affairs Committee to meet on Tuesday, The material follows: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without March 23, 1999, for a hearing on the SUBMISS: THE MYSTERIOUS DEATH OF THE objection, it is so ordered. topic of ‘‘Securities Fraud On The U.S.S. ‘‘SCORPION’’ (SSN 589) COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS Internet.’’ (By Mark Bradley) Mr. SMITH of New Hampshire. Mr. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without At around midnight on May 16, 1968, U.S.S. President, I ask unanimous consent objection, it is so ordered. Scorpion (SSN 589) slipped quietly through that the Committee on Foreign Rela- SUBCOMMITTEE ON TECHNOLOGY, TERRORISM, the Straits of Gibraltar and paused just long tions be authorized to meet during the AND GOVERNMENT INFORMATION enough off the choppy breakwaters of Rota, session of the Senate on Tuesday, Mr. SMITH of New Hampshire. Mr. Spain, to rendezvous with a boat and offload March 23, 1999 at 2:30 p.m. to hold a two crewmen and several messages.
    [Show full text]
  • Combat Losses of Nuclear-Powered Warships: Contamination, Collateral Damage and the Law
    Combat Losses of Nuclear-Powered Warships: Contamination, Collateral Damage and the Law Akira Mayama 93 INT’L L. STUD. 132 (2017) Volume 93 2017 Published by the Stockton Center for the Study of International Law ISSN 2375-2831 International Law Studies 2017 Combat Losses of Nuclear-Powered Warships: Contamination, Collateral Damage and the Law Akira Mayama CONTENTS I. Introduction .................................................................................................. 133 II. Collateral Damage and the Significance of Determining Its Scope ..... 135 A. Collateral Damage Based on the Principle of Proportionality ....... 135 B. Legal Issues Stemming from the Combat Loss of Nuclear- Powered Warships ............................................................................. 137 III. Collateral Damage Rule and Theaters of Naval Warfare ..................... 138 A. Neutral Land Territory and Territorial Seas .................................... 138 B. Civilians and Civilian Objects in Belligerent Land Territory and Territorial Seas ................................................................................... 140 C. Belligerent and Neutral Merchant Shipping on the High Seas ..... 141 D. Neutral Exclusive Economic Zones ................................................. 142 IV. Collateral Damage and Nuclear Contamination .................................... 146 A. Nuclear Contamination Not Causing Physical Damage ................ 146 B. Nuclear Contamination of the Natural Environment ................... 149 V. Nuclear Contamination
    [Show full text]
  • Vice Admiral Marmaduke G. Bayne US Navy
    Oral History Vice Admiral Marmaduke G. Bayne U.S. Navy (Retired) Conducted by David F. Winkler, Ph.D. Naval Historical Foundation 16 July 1998 26 August 1998 Naval Historical Foundation Washington, DC 2000 Introduction I first contacted Vice Admiral Bayne in 1996, it was in relation to another series of interviews I had intended to conduct with Secretary of the Navy Fred Korth. Bayne had served as Korth’s Executive Assistant and thus could provide an overview of the issues. He invited me to Irvington and was gracious with his time, providing me with good background material. At that time it became obvious that Bayne would be a good interview subject, however, he politely declined. Unfortunately, Korth fell ill and subsequently passed away so the planned interviews were never conducted. However, Bayne had a change of heart and agreed to a biographical interview that included the period that he served as Korth’s EA. Besides serving as a SecNav EA, Vice Admiral Bayne’s career is significant as he served in the Submarine Service during a period of transformation from WWII diesel boats to a force including nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines. In his interviews, Bayne details a career serving as a junior officer on a Fleet Boat in the Western Pacific battling the Japanese Empire to command of a missile boat flotilla in the Mediterranean Sea in the late 1960s. In addition, he served in several political-military posts, with his most important being Commander, Middle East Force. As COMIDEASTFOR, Bayne negotiated with the Bahraini government for an American naval shore presence there that continues to the present.
    [Show full text]
  • Naval Accidents 1945-1988, Neptune Papers No. 3
    -- Neptune Papers -- Neptune Paper No. 3: Naval Accidents 1945 - 1988 by William M. Arkin and Joshua Handler Greenpeace/Institute for Policy Studies Washington, D.C. June 1989 Neptune Paper No. 3: Naval Accidents 1945-1988 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Nuclear Weapons Accidents......................................................................................................... 3 Nuclear Reactor Accidents ........................................................................................................... 7 Submarine Accidents .................................................................................................................... 9 Dangers of Routine Naval Operations....................................................................................... 12 Chronology of Naval Accidents: 1945 - 1988........................................................................... 16 Appendix A: Sources and Acknowledgements........................................................................ 73 Appendix B: U.S. Ship Type Abbreviations ............................................................................ 76 Table 1: Number of Ships by Type Involved in Accidents, 1945 - 1988................................ 78 Table 2: Naval Accidents by Type
    [Show full text]
  • Making the Russian Bomb from Stalin to Yeltsin
    MAKING THE RUSSIAN BOMB FROM STALIN TO YELTSIN by Thomas B. Cochran Robert S. Norris and Oleg A. Bukharin A book by the Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. Westview Press Boulder, San Francisco, Oxford Copyright Natural Resources Defense Council © 1995 Table of Contents List of Figures .................................................. List of Tables ................................................... Preface and Acknowledgements ..................................... CHAPTER ONE A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SOVIET BOMB Russian and Soviet Nuclear Physics ............................... Towards the Atomic Bomb .......................................... Diverted by War ............................................. Full Speed Ahead ............................................ Establishment of the Test Site and the First Test ................ The Role of Espionage ............................................ Thermonuclear Weapons Developments ............................... Was Joe-4 a Hydrogen Bomb? .................................. Testing the Third Idea ...................................... Stalin's Death and the Reorganization of the Bomb Program ........ CHAPTER TWO AN OVERVIEW OF THE STOCKPILE AND COMPLEX The Nuclear Weapons Stockpile .................................... Ministry of Atomic Energy ........................................ The Nuclear Weapons Complex ...................................... Nuclear Weapon Design Laboratories ............................... Arzamas-16 .................................................. Chelyabinsk-70
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Monitoring and Disposal of Radioactive Wastes from U.S
    REPORT NT-19-1 MAY 2019 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM U.S. NAVAL NUCLEAR-POWERED SHIPS AND THEIR SUPPORT FACILITIES NAVAL NUCLEAR PROPULSION PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20350 This publication was printed on Recycled Paper Report NT-19-1 May 2019 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM U.S. NAVAL NUCLEAR-POWERED SHIPS AND THEIR SUPPORT FACILITIES 2018 Prepared by T. J. Mueller, J. M. Steele, and A. C. Gellender Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program Department of the Navy Approved by __________________________ J. F. CALDWELL, JR. Admiral, U.S. Navy Director, Naval Nuclear Propulsion ABSTRACT This report assesses the environmental effect of disposal of radioactive wastes originating from U.S. naval nuclear propulsion plants and their support facilities. The total long-lived gamma radioactivity in liquids discharged to all ports and harbors from all naval nuclear-powered ships and supporting tenders, naval bases, and shipyards was less than 0.002 curie in 2018. To put this small quantity of radioactivity into perspective, it is less than the quantity of naturally occurring radioactivity in the volume of saline harbor water occupied by a single nuclear-powered submarine, or the quantity of naturally occurring radioactivity in the top inch of soil on a half-acre lot. This report confirms that procedures used by the Navy to control releases of radioactivity from U.S. naval nuclear-powered ships and their support facilities have not had an adverse effect on human health or the quality of the environment. These procedures have ensured that no member of the general public has received measurable radiation exposure as a result of operations of the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program.
    [Show full text]