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Ustad Ahmad Lahori
Ustad Ahmad Lahori Ustad Ahmad Lahauri on WN Network delivers the latest Videos and Editable pages for News & Events, including Entertainment, Music, Sports, Science and more, Sign up and share your playlists. This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Ustad_Ahmad_Lahauri. Fullscreen pause. Email this Page Play all in Full Screen Show More Related Videos. Ustad Ahmad Lahauri's wiki: Ustad Ahmad Lahauri , also spelled as 'Ahmad Lahori' was a Persian architect. [2] He is said to have been chief architect of the Taj Mahal in Agra, India, built between 1632 and 1648 during the ruling period of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.... Ustad Ahmad Lahauri wiki. Ustad Ahmad Lahauri bio. Ustad Ahmad Lahauri net worth. Ustad Ahmad Lahauri age. Ustad Ahmad Lahauri married. QR Code. Ahmad Lahauri is believed to be Principal architect of The Taj Mahal . Ahmad Lahori. Occupation. Ustad Ahmad Lahori, also spelled as 'Ahmad Lahori' was a Mughal architect. He is said to have been chief architect of the Taj Mahal in Agra, India, built between 1632 and 1648 during the ruling period of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. Its architecture, being a combination of Persian, Islamic, and Mughal architectural styles, is widely considered to be a 'wonder of the world' and the scholar Rabindranath Tagore described it as 'a tear on the face of eternity'. Search Results for Ustad Ahmad Lahori. Ustad Ahmad Lahori - Wikipedia. From: Searches related to Ustad Ahmad Lahori. Mughal Empire. Red Fort. Ustad Ahmad Lahori. 2. Ustad Isa. Builders and Costs involved in the construction of Taj Mahal. -
The Taj: an Architectural Marvel Or an Epitome of Love?
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7(9): 367-374, 2013 ISSN 1991-8178 The Taj: An Architectural Marvel or an Epitome of Love? Arshad Islam Head, Department of History & Civilization, International Islamic University Malaysia Abstract: On Saturday 7th July 2007, the New Seven Wonders Foundation, Switzerland, in its new ranking, again declared the Taj Mahal to be one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The Taj Mahal is not just an architectural feat and an icon of luminous splendour, but an epitome of enormous love as well. The Mughal Emperor Shahjahan (1592-1666) built the Taj Mahal, the fabulous mausoleum (rauza), in memory of his beloved queen Mumtaz Mahal (1593-1631). There is perhaps no better and grander monument built in the history of human civilization dedicated to love. The contemporary Mughal sources refer to this marvel as rauza-i-munavvara (‘the illumined tomb’); the Taj Mahal of Agra was originally called Taj Bibi-ka-Rauza. It is believed that the name ‘Taj Mahal’ has been derived from the name of Mumtaz Mahal (‘Crown Palace’). The pristine purity of the white marble, the exquisite ornamentation, use of precious gemstones and its picturesque location all make Taj Mahal a marvel of art. Standing majestically at the southern bank on the River Yamuna, it is synonymous with love and beauty. This paper highlights the architectural design and beauty of the Taj, and Shahjahan’s dedicated love for his beloved wife that led to its construction. Key words: INTRODUCTION It is universally acknowledged that the Taj Mahal is an architectural marvel; no one disputes it position as one of the Seven Wonders of the World, and it is certainly the most fêted example of the considerable feats of Mughal architecture. -
Traditional Knowledge Systems and the Conservation and Management of Asia’S Heritage Rice Field in Bali, Indonesia by Monicavolpin (CC0)/Pixabay
ICCROM-CHA 3 Conservation Forum Series conservation and management of Asia’s heritage conservation and management of Asia’s Traditional Knowledge Systems and the Systems Knowledge Traditional ICCROM-CHA Conservation Forum Series Forum Conservation ICCROM-CHA Traditional Knowledge Systems and the conservation and management of Asia’s heritage Traditional Knowledge Systems and the conservation and management of Asia’s heritage Rice field in Bali, Indonesia by MonicaVolpin (CC0)/Pixabay. Traditional Knowledge Systems and the conservation and management of Asia’s heritage Edited by Gamini Wijesuriya and Sarah Court Forum on the applicability and adaptability of Traditional Knowledge Systems in the conservation and management of heritage in Asia 14–16 December 2015, Thailand Forum managers Dr Gamini Wijesuriya, Sites Unit, ICCROM Dr Sujeong Lee, Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), Republic of Korea Forum advisors Dr Stefano De Caro, Former Director-General, ICCROM Prof Rha Sun-hwa, Administrator, Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), Republic of Korea Mr M.R. Rujaya Abhakorn, Centre Director, SEAMEO SPAFA Regional Centre for Archaeology and Fine Arts Mr Joseph King, Unit Director, Sites Unit, ICCROM Kim Yeon Soo, Director International Cooperation Division, Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), Republic of Korea Traditional Knowledge Systems and the conservation and management of Asia’s heritage Edited by Gamini Wijesuriya and Sarah Court ISBN 978-92-9077-286-6 © 2020 ICCROM International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property Via di San Michele, 13 00153 Rome, Italy www.iccrom.org This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution Share Alike 3.0 IGO (CCBY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo). -
DECLINE of the Mughal Empire
Class: 8 A,B &C HISTORY 17th July 2020 Chapter 5 DECLINE OF THE Mughal Empire The transition from the Medieval to the Modern Period began with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the first half of the 18th Century. This was followed by the East India Company’s territorial conquests and the beginning of the political domination of India in the middle of 18th Century. The Modern Period in India is generally regarded as having begun in the mid- 18th century. During the first half of the 18th Century the great Mughal Empire decayed and disintegrated. The Mughal Emperors lost their power and glory and their vast empire finally shrank to a few square miles around Delhi. The unity and stability had already been shaken during Aurangzeb’s long reign of about 50 years. The death of Aurangzeb, the last of the great Mughals, was followed by a war of succession among his three sons. Bahadur Shah eventually ascended the throne in 1707 at the age of 65. He became the first in a line of emperors referred to as the Later Mughals. THE LIST OF THE LATER MUGHALS (1707- 1857) 1) Bahadur Shah (1707-12) 2) Jahandar Shah (1712-13) 3) Farrukhshiyar ( 1713-19) 4) Muhammad Shah (1719-48) 5) Ahmad Shah (1748-54) 6) Alamgir II (1754-59) 7) Shah Alam II (1759-1806) 8) Akbar II ( 1806-37) 9) Bahadur Shah Zafar (1737_1857) THE REASONS FOR THE DECLINE OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE 1) Politics in the Mughal Court; 2) Jagirdari Crisis; 3) Weak Military organization and Administration; 4) Wars of succession; 5) Aurangzeb’s policies; 6) Economic bankruptcy 7) Foreign invasions 8) Weak successors. -
Expansion and Consolidation of Colonial Power Subject : History
Expansion and consolidation of colonial power Subject : History Lesson : Expansion and consolidation of colonial power Course Developers Expansion and consolidation of colonial power Prof. Lakshmi Subramaniam Professor, Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Kolkata Dynamics of colonial expansion--1 and Dynamics of colonial expansion--2: expansion and consolidation of colonial rule in Bengal, Mysore, Western India, Sindh, Awadh and the Punjab Dr. Anirudh Deshpande Associate Professor, Department of History, University of Delhi Language Editor: Swapna Liddle Formating Editor: Ashutosh Kumar 1 Institute of lifelong learning, University of Delhi Expansion and consolidation of colonial power Table of contents Chapter 2: Expansion and consolidation of colonial power 2.1: Expansion and consolidation of colonial power 2.2.1: Dynamics of colonial expansion - I 2.2.2: Dynamics of colonial expansion – II: expansion and consolidation of colonial rule in Bengal, Mysore, Western India, Awadh and the Punjab Summary Exercises Glossary Further readings 2 Institute of lifelong learning, University of Delhi Expansion and consolidation of colonial power 2.1: Expansion and consolidation of colonial power Introduction The second half of the 18th century saw the formal induction of the English East India Company as a power in the Indian political system. The battle of Plassey (1757) followed by that of Buxar (1764) gave the Company access to the revenues of the subas of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa and a subsequent edge in the contest for paramountcy in Hindustan. Control over revenues resulted in a gradual shift in the orientation of the Company‟s agenda – from commerce to land revenue – with important consequences. This chapter will trace the development of the Company‟s rise to power in Bengal, the articulation of commercial policies in the context of Mercantilism that developed as an informing ideology in Europe and that found limited application in India by some of the Company‟s officials. -
History 2021
History (2-minute series) January 2021 - April 2021 Visit our website www.sleepyclasses.com or our YouTube channel for entire GS Course FREE of cost Also Available: Prelims Crash Course || Prelims Test Series T.me/SleepyClasses Table of Contents 1. Nagpur Session (1920) of the Indian National Congress ...................................1 2. 5 Important Things about Lord Curzon 1 3. The Red Fort ............................................2 4. Kalighat paintings ..................................5 5. Kangra School of Painting ....................6 6. The Rajasthani Schools of Painting ...7 7. Rogan School of Art ...............................9 8. Lala Lajpat Rai ........................................10 9. Shaheed Bhagat Singh ..........................12 10.Pathrughat Peasant Uprising ..............15 11.Gyanvapi Mosque ..................................16 12.Dr. B.R. AMBEDKAR ..............................17 13.Rabindranath Tagore ............................20 Note: The YouTube links for all the topics are embedded in the name of the Topic itself www.sleepyclasses.com Call 6280133177 T.me/SleepyClasses 1. Nagpur Session (1920) of the Indian National Congress December 1920 At the Nagpur session of the Indian National Congress • The programme of non-cooperation was endorsed. • An important change was made in the Congress creed: now, instead of having the attainment of self- government through constitutional means as its goal, the Congress decided to have the attainment of Swaraj through peaceful and legitimate means, thus committing itself to an extraconstitutional mass struggle. • Some important organizational changes were made: ✓ a Congress Working Committee (CWC) of 15 members was set up to lead the Congress from now onwards; ✓ Provincial Congress Committees on linguistic basis were organized; ✓ Ward Committees was organized; and entry fee was reduced to four annas. • Gandhiji declared that if the non-cooperation programme was implemented completely, swaraj would be ushered in within a year. -
1357 America As Media-Persia, II
#1357 America as Media-Persia, II – The Peacock Throne, part 4, The Conquering of the Mogul Empire by Persia’s Nader Shah in 1739, and the taking of the Peacock Throne from India to Iran The Peacock Throne is plundered from India and taken to Iran. The Peacock Throne upon which the Mogul emperors sat was seized along with other plunder when the Iranian conqueror Nader Shah invaded the Mogul Empire in 1738, capturing Delhi, India, in 1739. The throne was brought back to Iran. Here is how Wikipedia details Nader Shah’s invasion of India: In 1738, Nader Shah conquered Kandahar. In the same year he occupied Ghazni, Kabul, and Lahore. He then advanced deeper into India, crossing the river Indus before the end of the year. He defeated the Mughal (Mogul) army of Muhammad Shah within the span of one month at the Battle of Karnal and triumphantly entered Delhi where he had the Khutba read in his name, February 24, 1739. In the rioting that followed, more than 30,000 civilians were killed by the Persian troops, forcing Muhammad Shah to beg for mercy. In response, Nader Shah agreed to withdraw, but Muhammad Shah paid the consequence, handing over the keys to his royal treasury and losing even the Peacock Throne to the Persian emperor. Although the number of civilian casualties was great, Indian historians agree that it was the only way to avoid the spread of riot and the loss of India to the Persians. The Peacock Throne thereafter served as a symbol of Persian imperial might. -
Technology Transfer and the Evolution of Ordnance Establishment in British-India: 1639-1856
Indian Journal of History of Science, 44.3 (2009) 411-433 TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND THE EVOLUTION OF ORDNANCE ESTABLISHMENT IN BRITISH-INDIA: 1639-1856 KAUSHIK ROY* (Received 8 May 2009) There was a constant military interaction and upgradation of technologies between the East India Company (hereafter EIC) and its opponents in South Asia in order to reduce the technological lead of the other. Technological diffusion among the princely states occurred through the mercenary of European personnel, the EIC in turn had to regularize and systematize its military production through the construction and maintenance of the ordnance establishment (comprising of factories, magazines and arsenals) in British-India. The present essay is an attempt to trace the development of the ordnance establishment from the seventeenth century till the 1857 – uprising. The ordnance establishment of British-India manufactured gunpowder, small arms and various types of cannons, mortars and howitzers. The EIC found out that India had abundant supply of saltpetre and large number of domestic animals and buying saltpetre in India was much cheaper than importing this commodity. EIC constructed its first gunpowder mill in Bombay in 1669 AD but by 1741, the powder manufactured in this mill was considered superior than the quality of powder imported from Europe. The demand for gunpowder and guns during the Second Anglo-Maratha War helped greatly the expansion of gunpowder and artillery manufacturing capacity of the EIC’s ordnance establishment. Construction of a string of arsenals and maintenance of the magazines along the probable routes of military deployment and especially at the critical strategic nodes increased the operational range of the EIC’s army. -
International Journal of Education and Science Research Review ISSN 2348-6457 April- 2017, Volume-4, Issue-2 Email- [email protected]
International Journal of Education and Science Research Review ISSN 2348-6457 www.ijesrr.org April- 2017, Volume-4, Issue-2 Email- [email protected] KHUSHWANT SINGH’S NARRATION OF PERIOD OF LATER MUGHALS IN ‘DELHI’ Prof. Vikas Sharma Principal D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Bulandshahr ABSTRACT: Khushwant Singh's Delhi is a novel of immaculate narration about a city which stands as a testimonial to various cultural, political, social, psychological and geographical weathering and has survived to be an important city of the world. The present paper discusses the period of later Mughals. The paper highlights the sad downfall of one of the greatest empires of the human civilization at the hands of great Persian warrior, Nadir Shah and subsequent stripping and plundering which haunted the city of Delhi. The focus holds importance because it talks about Delhi which earned the affluence and fame during the span of centuries, but required only day to be left bleeding, wounded and impoverished, in fact an experience worth mentioning in every historical record. Khushwant Singh's novel Delhi powerfully presents the Post-Aurangzeb period of the Mughals. It mainly surveys the decline and fall of the Mughal Empire, along with other psychological and political facts of that phase, such as 'the fear in Aurangzeb about the disintegration of the empire after his death', the exploits and execution of the Sikh warrior, Banda Bairagi, and his followers, etc, etc. The novel, successfully, paints the life and rise of Nadir Shah, his motivation to invade India, the pre-occupation of the then Mughal emperor, Mohammed Shah Rangeela with wine and women, his utter indifference and impolitic advances to the warning of Nadir Shah, the chaotic state of faltering Mughal's empire, the dissidence and treachery of the nobles, march of Nadir Shah to Delhi; the unstrategic and foolish resistance put up by Mohammed Shah, his inevitable defeat at the hands of Nadir Shah and finally Nadir Shah's triumphant march to Delhi. -
Date- 14-05-2020 Time – 10:30 to 11:30 AM B.A (Vs) Tourism Management Semester- 6Th B Paper 6.1 Procedure
Date- 14-05-2020 Time – 10:30 to 11:30 AM B.A (Vs) Tourism Management Semester- 6th B Paper 6.1 Procedure and Operations in the Tourism Business UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA What is UNESCO? The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations aimed at contributing "to the building of peace, the eradication of poverty, sustainable development and intercultural dialogue through education, the sciences, culture, communication and information. Headquarters: Paris, France Head: Audrey Azoulay Founded: 16 November 1945, London, United Kingdom Formation: 4 November 1946; 73 years ago Parent organization: United Nations Economic and Social Council Founders: India, United States, China, Turkey, France, Australia, ETC. A UNESCO World Heritage Site can be any place such as a forest, lake, building, island, mountain, monument, desert, complex or a city; which has a special physical or cultural significance. Currently there are 1092 World Heritage sites in the world. However 38 World Heritage Properties are in India out of which 30 are Cultural Properties and 7 are Natural Properties and one is named as mixed. Let’s have a look of all World Heritage Sites of India on yearly basis. Year wise nomination of world heritage sites in India is as follows: Year 1983: 1. Agra Fort: Agra Fort, also known as “Laal Quila”, is located in Agra, India. It is tagged as world heritage site by UNESCO in 1983. The fort is about 2.5 kilometers far from the Taj Mahal. It was designed and built by the great Mughal Emperor Akbar in the year 1565 A.D. -
India from 16Th Century to Mid-18Th Century
mathematics HEALTH ENGINEERING DESIGN MEDIA management GEOGRAPHY EDUCA E MUSIC C PHYSICS law O ART L agriculture O BIOTECHNOLOGY G Y LANGU CHEMISTRY TION history AGE M E C H A N I C S psychology India from 16th Century to Mid 18th Century Subject: INDIA FROM 16TH CENTURY TO MID 18TH CENTURY Credits: 4 SYLLABUS India in the 16th Century The Trading World of Asia and the Coming of the Portuguese, Polity and Economy in Deccan and South India, Polity and Economy in North India, Political Formations in Central and West Asia Mughal Empire: Polity and Regional Powers Relations with Central Asia and Persia, Expansion and Consolidation: 1556-1707, Growth of Mughal Empire: 1526-1556, The Deccan States and the Mughals, Rise of the Marathas in the 17th Century, Rajput States, Ahmednagar, Bijapur and Golkonda Political Ideas and Institutions Mughal Administration: Mansab and Jagir, Mughal Administration: Central, Provincial and Local, Mughal Ruling Class, Mughal Theory of Sovereignty State and Economy Mughal Land Revenue System, Agrarian Relations: Mughal India, Land Revenue System: Maratha, Deccan and South India, Agrarian Relations: Deccan and South India, Fiscal and Monetary System, Prices Production and Trade The European Trading Companies, Personnel of Trade and Commercial Practices, Inland and Foreign Trade Non-Agricultural Production, Agricultural Production Society and Culture Population in Mughal India, Rural Classes and Life-style, Urbanization, Urban Classes and Life-style Religious Ideas and Movements, State and Religion, Painting and Fine Arts, Architecture, Science and Technology, Indian Languages and Literature India at the Mid 18th Century Potentialities of Economic Growth: An Overview, Rise of Regional Powers, Decline of the Mughal Empire Suggested Readings 1. -
APAH: Art of South & Southeast Asia Ancient Civilization – Indus
APAH: Art of South & Southeast Asia Ancient civilization – Indus River Confluence of religions Hinduism Buddhism Islam Hinduism No founder Single divine, incomprehensible Brahman Known by many names to make concrete Brahma the Creator; Vishnu the preserver; Shiva, the destroyer Reincarnation – Karma Achieve union with Brahman Vedas and Upanishads are sacred texts. Bhagavad Gita – ethical behavior Hierarchical – Caste System Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama (c. 566 B.C.) Observed suffering – meditated & fasted – revelation The Four Noble Truths are the heart of Buddhism: All life is full of suffering, pain and sorrow The cause of suffering is the desire for things that are really illusions The only cure for suffering is to overcome desire The way to overcome desire is to follow the Eightfold Path Reincarnation – Karma Achieve union with universe – Nirvana Great Stupa at Sanchi. Madhya Pradesh, India. Buddhist; Maurya, late Sunga Dynasty. c. 300 B.C.E.– 100 C.E. Stone masonry, sandstone on dome. Stupa – circular burial mound Relics of the Buddha Buried inside Circumambulation (Clockwise) Connection with cosmos 3D mandalas Gates (Toranas) at cardinal points Processional capitals Yakshi figures Fertility Holding a mango tree Fenced square atop stupa sacred area of gods Points to the heavens (Axis Mundi) Connected to Buddhist monastery Buddha. Bamiyan, Afghanistan. Gandharan. c. 400–800 C.E. (destroyed in 2001). Cut rock with plaster and polychrome paint. Largest Buddha sculptures Destroyed by Taliban 2001 Unknown origins Significant point on Silk Road Facilitated spread of Buddhism Cliff faced punctured by caves Worshippers circumambulated around the feet First documented by Chinese monk in 643 Lakshmana Temple. Khajuraho, India.