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Lipid Metabolism As a Therapeutic Target Biochemistry Research International Lipid Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target Guest Editors: Terry K. Smith, Todd B. Reynolds, and Paul W. Denny Lipid Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target Biochemistry Research International Lipid Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target Guest Editors: Terry K. Smith, Todd B. Reynolds, and Paul W. Denny Copyright © 2012 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Biochemistry Research International.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board K. Ravi Acharya, UK David L. Daleke, USA Peter Moody, UK Vernon E. Anderson, USA A. I. de Kroon, The Netherlands Simon J. Morley, UK DouglasA.Andres,USA Shoukat Dedhar, Canada Tzi Bun Ng, Hong Kong Hans-Jurgen¨ Apell, Germany Paul W. Doetsch, USA Emil Pai, Canada Ian M. Armitage, USA Robert O. Fox, USA Stefano Pascarella, Italy George S. Baillie, UK Stefano Gianni, Italy George Perry, USA James D. Baleja, USA Paul R. Gooley, Australia Rona Ruth Ramsay, UK Leonard J. Banaszak, USA Angela M. Gronenborn, USA Neale Ridgway, Canada Yechezkel Barenholz, Israel Jan-Ake˚ Gustafsson, Sweden Stephen Robbins, Canada Martin Berchtold, Denmark J. A. Hamilton, USA Nicoletta Sacchi, USA Sanford I. Bernstein, USA Andreas Holzenburg, USA Gary S. Shaw, Canada Phillip I. Bird, Australia P. Lynne Howell, Canada Brian Shilton, Canada Terry M. Bricker, USA J. Justin Hsuan, UK Menachem Shoham, USA D. N. Brindley, Canada Paul W. Huber, USA E. E. Strehler, USA David Ronald Brown, UK Jean-Michel Jault, France Andrei Surguchov, USA Samuel Butcher, USA Edna S. Kaneshiro, USA Birte Svensson, Denmark Pi-Wan Cheng, USA H. Ke, USA Lukas K. Tamm, USA Roberta Chiaraluce, Italy Sharon Kelly, UK Bernardo Trigatti, Canada D. M. Clarke, Canada A. Kuksis, Canada William S. Trimble, Canada G. Marius Clore, USA John E. Ladbury, UK Vito Turk, Slovenia Marco Colombini, USA J. Gordon Lindsay, UK Vinzenz Unger, USA Anita H. Corbett, USA R. J. Linhardt, USA Vladimir Uversky, USA Graham Cotˆ e,´ Canada David W. Litchfield, Canada Hans J. Vogel, Canada Trevor Creamer, USA Gary A. Lorigan, USA Mark von Itzstein, Australia Timothy A. Cross, USA Min Lu, USA John Voss, USA Zheng Cui, USA Jan A. Miernyk, USA Joel H. Weiner, Canada Francesca Cutruzzol, Italy Nikolai N. Modyanov, USA Stephan Wilkens, USA Contents Lipid Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target, Terry K. Smith, Todd B. Reynolds, and Paul W. Denny Volume 2012, Article ID 158139, 2 pages Sphingolipid and Ceramide Homeostasis: Potential Therapeutic Targets, Simon A. Young, John G. Mina, Paul W. Denny, and Terry K. Smith Volume 2012, Article ID 248135, 12 pages Hypolipidemic Activity of Eryngium carlinae on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats, Ruth Noriega-Cisneros, Omar Ortiz-Avila,´ Edgar Esquivel-Gutierrez,´ Monica´ Clemente-Guerrero, Salvador Manzo-Avalos, Rafael Salgado-Garciglia, Christian Cortes-Rojo,´ Istvan Boldogh, and Alfredo Saavedra-Molina Volume 2012, Article ID 603501, 5 pages Lipoprotein Lipase as a Candidate Target for Cancer Prevention/Therapy, Shinji Takasu, Michihiro Mutoh, Mami Takahashi, and Hitoshi Nakagama Volume 2012, Article ID 398697, 8 pages Endocytosis and Sphingolipid Scavenging in Leishmania mexicana Amastigotes,HayderZ.Ali, Clare R. Harding, and Paul W. Denny Volume 2012, Article ID 691363, 8 pages Behaviour of Human Erythrocyte Aggregation in Presence of Autologous Lipoproteins, C. Saldanha, J. Loureiro, C. Moreira, and J. Martins e Silva Volume 2012, Article ID 261736, 6 pages Overexpression of PGC-1α Increases Fatty Acid Oxidative Capacity of Human Skeletal Muscle Cells, Natasaˇ Nikolic,´ Magdalena Rhedin, Arild C. Rustan, Len Storlien, G. Hege Thoresen, and Maria Stromstedt¨ Volume 2012, Article ID 714074, 12 pages The Increased Activity of Liver Lysosomal Lipase in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Contributes to the Development of Hepatic Insulin Resistance, Monika Cahova, Helena Dankova, Eliska Palenickova, Zuzana Papackova, Radko Komers, Jana Zdychova, Eva Sticova, and Ludmila Kazdova Volume 2012, Article ID 135723, 11 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation Biochemistry Research International Volume 2012, Article ID 158139, 2 pages doi:10.1155/2012/158139 Editorial Lipid Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target Terry K. Smith,1 Todd B. Reynolds,2 and Paul W. Denny3 1 BSRC, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK 2 Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA 3 Biophysical Sciences Institute, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK Correspondence should be addressed to Terry K. Smith, [email protected] Received 22 February 2012; Accepted 22 February 2012 Copyright © 2012 Terry K. Smith et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Targeting lipid metabolism (biosynthesis and catabolism) administration of ethanolic extract of Eryngium carlinae in associated with human diseases and pathogens with thera- serum of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. They clearly peutics has gained much momentum in recent years. This has show reduced levels of creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol come about in part due to the wide availability of sequenced and triglycerides, thus as a general approach this could be genomes, the advancement in analytical techniques such as used to reduce hyperlipidemia related to cardiovascular risk mass spectrometry and deep sequencing, and the increased in diabetes mellitus. understanding of signaling molecules. Collectively, this has In a related area, Saldanha et al. look at the behavior of advanced the knowledge of lipid metabolism for transla- human erythrocyte aggregation in presence of autologous li- tional purposes, that is, diagnosis or treatment, and the pa- poprotein, finding that human blood aliquots enriched with pers and reviews in this special issue highlight some of these their own LDL-C and HDL-C showed higher levels of ery- aspects. throcyte aggregation compared to controls. One review in this issue by S. Young et al. outlines the N. Nikolic´ et al. show in their paper that overexpression major pathways in eukaryotic sphingolipid metabolism and of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator- catabolism and discusses these in relation to the possibilities 1α increases oxidative capacity of human skeletal muscle cells of their therapeutic intervention against cancers, Alzheimer’s by improving lipid metabolism, thus increasing expression of disease, inherited diseases, and numerous important human genes involved in regulation of mitochondrial function and pathogens. biogenesis and decreasing expression of the fast fiber-type Such a pathogenic disease is leishmaniases, which is the gene marker MHCIIa. They conclude that obesity and obe- subject of the paper by H. Ali et al., who investigate the re- sity-related diseases could be therapeutically targeted by in- liance of old and new world Leishmania species on host creasing expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated re- sphingolipids and how an infection may or may not influence ceptor γ coactivator-1α. host sphingolipid biosynthesis. While M. Cahova et al., in their study on liver lysosomal Another review in this issue addresses the link between lipase activity, conclude that overproduction of diacylglyc- serum triglyceride levels caused by a dysregulation of lipo- erol may represent the causal link between high-fat die-in- protein lipase and the risk of development of various can- duced hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation and hepatic in- cers, atherosclerosis, chylomicronemia, obesity, and type 2 sulin resistance via PKCε activation. diabetes. S. Takasu et al. conclude that as lipoprotein lipase On a personal note, I would like to highlight that through plays important roles in many of these conditions and as my own research on protozoan parasites and that with var- such it is appropriate to treat it as a general target for chemo- ious collaborators studying a wide variety of human patho- preventive and chemotherapeutic agents. gens and model systems for human diseases, mitochondrial This approach is nicely highlighted by the paper by R. dysfunction as a result of not maintaining its lipid home- Noriega-Cisneros et al., who investigate the effect of chronic ostasis seems to be a leading cause for many of downstream 2 Biochemistry Research International affects. Thus, I would suggest a better understanding of mito- chondrial lipid metabolism (both biosynthetic and catabolic) will aid the development of effective novel therapeutics and diagnostics in the future. Terry K. Smith Todd B. Reynolds Paul W. Denny Hindawi Publishing Corporation Biochemistry Research International Volume 2012, Article ID 248135, 12 pages doi:10.1155/2012/248135 Review Article Sphingolipid and Ceramide Homeostasis: Potential Therapeutic Targets Simon A. Young,1 John G. Mina,2 Paul W. Denny,2, 3 and Terry K. Smith1 1 School of Biology and Chemistry, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, KY16 9ST, UK 2 Biophysical Sciences Institute, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Durham University Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK 3 School of Medicine and Health, Durham University, Queen’s Campus, Stockton-on-Tees
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