連 載 記 事 Education and Research in Assiut University

Assiut University, Assiut, Research, Research Support Mohamed Nayel

andria and Lower Egypt. Due to the increase of the 1. Introduction student numbers, Ain Shams University was founded in This essay gives an overview of the education and Cairo in 1950. Each University was directed by its own research organizations of Egyptian Universities and rules, since 1954 all rules was unified. In 1957 Assiut especially in Assiut University. Assiut University has a University was established in Assiut City as a first prominence among many national and international university in Upper Egypt 4). universities 1),2). In 1961 the ministry of high Education was estab- 1.1 Brief Notes about Egyptian Universities lished to serve the following items : Organized education in the middle ages was found High Education - in Egypt in the great mosque of Al-Azhar (972 AD) in International- Culture relations and Abroad Mis- Cairo, the oldest and most celebrated of all Islamic sions. academic institutes and universities all over the world. Now there are 12 State Universities distributed in In October 975 AD, Al-Azhar began to acquire and all Egypt. More than 6 private universities now were scholastic nature. Bonaparte "French Leader" wrote in founded and concentrate in Cairo and Alexandria. his diary that "Al-Azhar was the counterpart of Sor- Admission for universities is determined by scores in the bonee in Paris". Al-Azhar concerned itself with Islamic Egyptian Secondary School Certificate or an equivalent religious syllabus. Applied science faculties were certificate, according to geographical distribution, and introduced to Al-Azhar University in 19613). the acts issued by the Supreme Council of the Egyptian The high education state system was established in Universities in this respect. 1925 as the Egyptian University (Cairo University Now) 1.2 Assiut University which was based on the National University (1908) in The idea of establishing Assiut University was born Cairo. Then Alexandria University was established in in 1949 under the name of "Mohamed Ali University". 1942 in Alexandria to serve the high education in Alex- But this idea was not completed. By the end of 1955 the

ン タ ー,160ベ ッ ドを有 す る大 学 病 院 な どが あ り,地 域 と密 着 「Assuit大 学 に お け る 教 育 お よ び 研 究 」 概 要 した 活 動 が 盛 ん で あ る。 エ ジ プ トにお け る組 織 的教 育 はAD975年 カ イ ロ に あ る イ ス 工 学 部 は 大 学 設 立 当 初 か ら あ り,学 部 生 数5555名,院 生 ラ ム 教 会 で 始 ま っ た 。1908年 カ イ ロ に 国 立 大 学 が 創 設 さ れ, 164名,教 員127名 か ら な る。 学 部 は5年 生 で1年 目は 基 礎科 1925年Egypt大 学(現,カ イ ロ大 学)と し て 高 等 教 育 シ ス テ 学 と数 学 の み で あ る。講 義 は2学 期 制 で 第1学 期9月 ～1月, ム が 確 立 さ れ た 。1942年Alexandria大 学,1950年Ain 第2学 期2月 ～5月 で,各 学 期 末 に試 験 が あ る。 Shams大 学,1957年Assuit大 学 が 設 立 され,現 在12の 国 立 大 学 院(post graduate)は2種 あ り,一つ は 学 部 卒 業 後 大 学 と6私 立 大 学 が あ る。 1～2年 でdiplomaを 取 得 す るdiplomaコ ー ス(ヨ ー ロ ッパ 大 エ ジ プ トの 国 立 大 学 は原 則 と して学 費 無 料 で あ るた め,そ の 陸 の 大 学 制 度 に対 応)と な っ て い る。 も う一つ の修 士/博 士 コ ー ス は 日本 とほ ぼ 同等 で あ る 学 生 総 数 は極 め て 膨 大 で あ り,ま た講 義 は 英 語 で 行 わ れ る。 。 大 学 の 研 究 費 は大 半 が 政 府補 助 Assuit大 学 は 上 部 エ ジ プ ト(内 陸 部)のAssuit州(人 口 金 で あ る。 315万 人)の 首 都 で ナ イ ル 河 畔 の大 都 市Assuitに あ り,16学 教 員 は 講 師,助 教 授,教 授 の3段 階 で,助 手 は 教 員 で は な 部,2研 究 所,学 生 総 数62,819名 か ら な る。 な お,学 生 増 加 い 。 教 員 の 最 低 条 件 は博 士 号 で あ り,講 師6年,助 教 授5年 が に伴 いE1-Miniaお よ びSouth Valleyの2大 学 が 分 離 独 立 し 昇 進 の 最 短 経 験 年 数 で あ り,こ れ に研 究成 果 を加 え て昇 進 の判 て い る。Assuit大 学 に は14,000人 収 容 の学 生 寮 が あ り,20の 定 が 行 わ れ る。 学 生 食 堂 は毎 日36,000食 の安 価 な食 事 を 提供 して い る。 また, エ ジ プ トに は 日本 へ の 留 学 希 望 者 が 多 く,ま た 日本 の技 術 へ 学 生 評 価 ・能 力 開 発 セ ン タ ー(unit),英 ・独 ・仏 の語 学 セ ン の 憧 れ が 大 きい 。 日本 の 大 学 が エ ジ プ トに進 出 しな い の が不 思 タ ー(院 生 ・一 般 向 け),未 来 学 の シ ン ク タ ン ク に相 当 す る セ 議 で あ る。

524 IEEJ Journal, Vol.124, No.8, 2004 連 載 記 事

Fig.1 The main office building in the University

Table.1 Faculties and Institutes in Assiut University

Faculty of Agriculture Faculty of Arts Faculty of Commerce Fig. 2 Egypt map shows Assiut City Faculty of Computer Information Faculty of Education Faculty of Education (New Valley) of the staff and student population. Faculty of Engineering Assiut University has a good contact with the local Faculty of Law community, and the whole region and south of Egypt. Faculty of Medicine The University Council is the higher body of super- Faculty of Nursing vision, which draws the policy of running the University. Faculty of Pharmacy Faculty of Physical Education It is composed of the President, Vice-Presidents, and the Faculty of Science Deans of the faculties and a small number of external Faculty of Social Work members including the Governor of the region. Faculty of Specific Education Faculty of Vet Medicine 1.3 Assiut City Institute of South Egypt Cancer Assiut city is the capital of Assiut Governorate, the Institute of Sugar Technology Research largest settlement of Upper Egypt. It is located on the west bank of the River Nile, 375 Km south of Cairo, Fig. Egyptian Revolution had rethink the idea again and 2. The Nile water is dammed after reaching the city of studied the idea to be in ready to establishment. The Assiut and, immediately before Assiut Barrage. university had been constructed on the base of uni- The present name of the city of Assiuit originates scientific departments system without repeating similar from an Ancient Egyptian city called "Seut". Assiut departments in different faculties. This system had was commercially prominent as a terminus of caravan saved teaching stuff, buildings and tools. This system routes traversing the Eastern and Western deserts and had increased the completeness of. departments and to Darfur and elsewhere in Sudan. Returning caravans encouraged to cooperate in teaching and research imported ivory dyestuff. between different faculties. Continuing its ancient tradition, Assiut is one of the In October 1957, two faculties of Engineering and few remaining places where silver applique-work Science were inaugurated in Assiut University in the shawls, fine pottery, inlaid mother of pearl woodwork city of Assiut in Upper Egypt. Assiut University started and rugs are still made. There are also modern textiles, with 500 undergraduate students and some 10 research fertilizers, cement and petroleum industries. Recently, students. Now, the total number (including some 8048 the City has flourished and gained considerable impor- research students) has risen to about 62819 of both sexes tance after the establishment of Assiut University in during the academic year 2002/2003 in 16 Faculties and 1957 and a branch of Al-Azhar University in the nearly 2 Institutes as in Table 1. Two other universities emer- 1970. Now, the population of Assiut Governorate is ged from Assiut University's flagship campus and are about 3, 151, 871 5). now independent universities : El-Minia University and 2. Assiut University Services to Student, Envi- South Valley University. The university is a member of ronment and Society International Association of Universities. The University Campus is one of the rare examples Assiut university had inaugurated to encourage of a complete campus in Egypt, comprising both aca- reasearch, education and community services in Upper demic buildings and living accommodation for a section Egypt. This came by providing easily and cheap chance

電学誌, 124巻 8号, 2004年 525 連 載 記 事 to join university study. Also help in developing the patients in the Out-Patient Clinic and Emergency Unit. Upper Egypt area and give hand in developing surround- All beds are free except for 160 beds which are private ed society of the Uinversity. and for insured patients. The hospital presents the most For these reasons, many services and institutes are recent medical services through the Intensive Care Unit, constructed inside the university to serve the environ- the Renal Dialysis Unit, the Cardiac Catheter Unit and ment and the society 6). the Linear Accelerator. 240 operations, 100 major and 2.1 Student Services 140 minor, are daily carried out. The university facilitates accommodation for stu- 3. Education in the Faculty of Engineering dents in University Hostels for about 14000 male & female students. The twenty university restaurants The Faculty of Engineering was established in 1957. offer about 36000 cheap meals daily for students. The The overview of the Faculty of Engineering buildings is university also presents social and medical care as well shown in Fig.3. In 2002/2003 the undergraduate and as athletic and cultural activities for all the students. graduate students are 5555 and 164 respectively, the The university grants distinguished students monthly Academic staff was 283 and the teaching assistants were money-awards, offers money allowances for needy stu- 127. The Faculty of Engineering offers programs in a dents, and makes books available at a low price. wide variety of engineering fields, based on the concept 2.2 Performance Evaluation and Development that the engineer must be well grounded in the sciences, Unit humanities and social studies with a full command of the Assiut University established a special unit for principles and practices of the profession. performance evaluation and development. The ultimate The scientific program in the Faculty of Engineer- goal of the unit is to prepare and supervise suitable ing covers five academic years including a preparatory programs and disciplines that help to produce a distin- year. During this year the students study the basic guished graduate who has the right skills and informa- engineering sciences and basic mathematics. The aca- tion in his field of specialization and who is capable to demic year is divided into two semesters. The first live and produce in a healthy manner in the society. begins in mid September and ends in January. The 2.3 Language Centers second semester begins in February and ends in May. These Language centers (English, French and Ger- There is a two weeks holiday in January between the man) offer Language courses for postgraduate students two semesters. At the end of each semester an examina- and for the public. tion is held. 2.4 Center for Environmental Studies 3.1 Under graduates This center supports the effort exerted by the uni- Four years undergraduate Curricula, after a general versity in environmental services. The center publishes preparatory year for all the students are offered in the Assiut University Bulletin for Environmental Studies following fields : Electrical, Architectural, Civil, and supervises the planning and holding of conferences Mechanical, and Mining & Metallurgical engineering. for a better interaction between the university and the Each of these curricula is administrated by a separate environment. department within the faculty and each emphasizes a 2.5 Center of Assiut University Network core program of science and engineering subjects This center presents its services, in collaboration related to the particular field 1). with the National Network for Information, to the In Electrical Engineering Department, at the third university staff and researchers. year the student must choose one from three sections 2.6 Center for Futuristic Studies Electric Power & Machine, Electronics and Communica- The objective of the center is a think-tank for tion. futuristic studies such as scarcity of water, technologi- cal changes and women development as well as the population issues. The center undertakes the tasks of making research in fields which are directly related to the future of development in Upper Egypt especially the development of human resources and preparation of the future leaders. The center' has recently prepared pioneering studies in the fields of Social and National Security as well as preparation of leaders. 2.7 The University Educational Hospital The hospital is the largest one in Upper Egypt. This year it has offered medical services for nearly a million Fig.3 Faculty of Engineering

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3.2 Post graduate A professor must occupy the post of an associate The postgraduate degrees granted by the Electrical professor for at least five years, and must have published Engineering Department are as follows" : an original research which satisfies the board of a (1) Specialized Diploma : it is one or two years of permanent scientific committee for the promotion to study in a specialized field after the bachelor professorship. degree. Electrical Engineering Department There are teaching assistants like a demonstrator offers diploma in the following fields : and an assistant lecturer. The demonstrator and the Automatic Control & Computers - instructor are chosen from the distinguished graduates Automatic Control Technology- for Process who have completed the bachelor's degree. The assis- Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing- tant lecturer must hold a master's degree 1). Electrical Communications Engineering- 5. Japanese University in Egypt is a Dream, Electronics Engineering - can it come to Reality ? Electric Power- & Machines Engineering Power Stations - Egypt locates in a very intelligence position. Since (2) Master and Doctor degrees : the student must the old history, Egypt founded the first source of orga- pass graduate courses in one of the three sec- nized researches in Alexandria Library. Now, many tions of the department. For Master, the time countries discover this feature and established private period of study is a minimum of two-year study universities like French University, Germany University after the Bachelor degree. Generally, the first etc in Egypt. Deep relation between Japan and Egypt year is devoted courses and the second year for extended to a long time. Why there is no idea to research and thesis. For Doctor degree, the establish a Japanese University in Egypt to bridge the period of study is two to five years after the space between Japanese and Egyptian Cultures, and to Master degree for research and thesis. transfer Japanese technology to Egypt as the wonderful Japan experiments in the Far East. There are many 4. Research at Assiut University undergraduate and graduate students interested in com- 4.1 Research activity pleting their study in Japanese universities, but financial The research system in the university is high direc- need to live and study in Japan is very expensive for tory of graduate studies and researches which are super- Egyptian students. There is a big base of researchers vised by the vice-president and by the vice-dean for and university staffs who graduated from and resear- graduate studies & research in each faculty. Assiut ched in Japanese Universities. Egyptian people will University has numerous links and connections with welcome a Japanese university. scientific and industrial institutions in Egypt and over- Acknowledgments seas. Moreover, a large number of staff have a specific The author wishes to thank the IEE Japan to give connections and interests in many foreign countries. him a chance to write about his university. Also he The faculties of the university publish specialized would like to express his sincere gratitude to Prof. scientific magazines. Almost each Faculty of the Uni- Akihirio Ametani of Doshisha University for his help versity organizes a conference in different fields of and his critical reading and translation of this article. specialization. Most research funds come from the government References fund to the university. Also there are many cooperation (1) Assiut University Prospectus, Assiut Egypt 2003/2004, Assiut research projects between the university and industrial University Publishing & Distributing House. (2) http://www.aun.eun.eg and international organizations. (3) http://www.alazhar.org/english/about/index.htm 4.2 Appointment as a Faculty Member (4) http://www.eun.eg (5) http://www.aun.edu.eg/assiut.htm Members of academic staff are 1): (6) http://www.aun.edu.eg/university center.htm Lecturer, Associate Professor, Professor Every member of the academic staffs must hold a Author Profile Ph. D. degree. A lecturer must spend at least six years since the bachelor degree. An associate professor M. Nayel was born in Assiut, Egypt, on April 15 1973. He received the B. Sc. and M. Sc. degrees from Assiut University, Assiut, should have been a lecturer for at least five years. For Egypt, in 1996 and 1999. He received the Doctor of Engineering promotion to an associate professor, a lecturer must degree from Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan, in 2004. He was have published an original research which satisfies the employed by Assiut University from 1996 to 1999 as a demonstra- tor and from 1999 as an assistant lecturer. His research interests board of a permanent scientific committee. The com- include electromagnetic field calculation, EMC, electromagnetic mittee includes 7 senior professors from Egyptian uni- transient and high voltage. He is a student member of the IEEE versities. and the IEE Japan.

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