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Maldives 2015 EXPEDITION REPORT Expedition dates: 12 – 18 September 2015 Report published: May 2016 Little and large: Surveying and safeguarding coral reefs & whale sharks in the Maldives EXPEDITION REPORT Little and large: Surveying and safeguarding coral reefs & whale sharks in the Maldives Expedition dates: 12 – 18 September 2015 Report published: May 2016 Authors: Mariyam Shidha Afzal University Malaysia Sabah Jean-Luc Solandt Marine Conservation Society & Reef Check Co-ordinator Maldives Irthisham Hassan Zareer Maldives Whale Shark Research Programme Matthias Hammer (editor) Biosphere Expeditions 1 © Biosphere Expeditions, an international not-for-profit conservation organisation registered in England, Germany, France, Australia and the USA Officially accredited member of the United Nations Environment Programme's Governing Council & Global Ministerial Environment Forum Officially accredited member of the International Union for Conservation Abstract One week of Reef Check surveys was carried out in September 2015 with Biosphere Expeditions volunteers in Ari Atoll, Maldives. Surveys concentrated on revisiting permanent monitoring sites that have been surveyed in Ari Atoll, central Maldives. The surveys were carried out whilst an El Niño event was taking place elsewhere in the world, but there was no bleaching reported over and above the low levels commonly encountered on these surveys (most reefs had less than 1% of living colonies bleached). The greatest impact to the reefs appeared to be from storm damage that affected shallow transect reefs. Coral reef fish populations were low at all sites (compared to well-managed Indian Ocean marine protected areas, and reefs with little human impact). As the El Niño event has continued at unprecedented levels into 2016, it is important that we continue to survey to understand the long-term resilience of areas we monitor. We need more surveys to better understand the status and current resilience of Maldives marine protected areas (MPAs). The developing nature of in-country Maldives Reef Check teams will help us better understand and respond to future bleaching events. An effort-based whale shark survey was also carried out for a few hours on 17 September 2015 at the outer reef of South Ari Marine Protected Area. This yielded five encounters, all accompanied by numerous people (up to 70) and boats (up to nine), with many harassing the sharks and not adhering to safe whale shark encounter procedures. The whale shark watching industry at South Ari Marine Protected Area is out of control and needs to be reigned in, with properly enforced regulations, in order to make it safe for whale sharks and sustainable for visitors and local people. ޓް ކް ރެ ޓް ސް ބް އެ ކް ޗެ ފް ރީ އި ގަ ޅު ތޮ އަ ރި އަ ނީ ވަ ން ރު އަ ޓި ން ލަ ޮވ ގެ ސް ން ޝަ ޑި ޕެ ސް ކް އެ ރއަ ފި ސް ޔޮ ބަ އި ގަ 2015 ރބަ މޓެ ޕް ސެ ރި އަ ދާ ން މު ވެ ރެ ކު ރޓަ ނި މޮ ށް ކޮ ޭވރސާ ސް ވެ ން ރި ކު ނީ ވަ އި ފަ ދީ އް މެ ކަ ލު މާ ސަ ސަ އް ޚާ އި ގަ ކު ތަ ޭވރސާ މި .ވެ އެ ފަ ށް ކޮ އް ކެ ތަ ޭވރސާ ސް ވެ މަ ނަ .ވެ އެ ރު ވަ ސް ވަ ދު ޔޯ ން ނީ ލް އެ ނީ ވަ އި ފަ ވި ރެ ކު އި ގަ ޭޖއް ރާ ހި ވެ ދި އް ތަ ޭވރސާ ގެ ރު ހަ އަ މި .ވެ ށެ ކަ ތަ ދު އް ޙަ ރަ ސަ ގެ ޅު ތޮ އަ .ވެ ތެ ނެ ށް ކަ ނާ ން ފެ ރު ސަ އަ ގެ މު ވު ދު ހު ކަ ރަ މު ވާ މާ ދި ން ބު ބަ ސަ ގެ ޔޯ ން ނީ ލް އެ ން ކު ތަ ރު ފަ ގެ ޭޖއް ރާ ރު ވަ ސް ވަ ދު ނު ވު ރެ ކު ޭވރސާ ބޭ ލި ން ބު ބަ ސަ ގެ މު ވު ސް ގޯ މް ސު މޫ ނީ ވަ އި ފަ ބި ލި އި ގަ އް ތެ ގޮ ޑު ނގަ އި މަ ށް ކަ ތަ ރު ފަ ލަ ތި ގެ ކު ތަ ދު އް ޙަ ރަ ސަ ނު ވު ރެ ކު ޭވރސާ ން ހެ އެ ވާ އި ފަ ވި ރެ ކު ތް ޔަ މާ ހި ގެ ޑު ނކަ އާ ޑި ން އި ދީ ބާ އާ ގެ ީހމެ ހާ މަ ސް މަ .(ން ވު ށް ލަ ގަ ދި އަ ރި ކި އަ ދި ނބި ކަ ރަ މު ) ވެ ކެ ތަ ން ލު އް ގެ ލް އެ ރު ހަ އަ ނަ ވަ 2016 .ވެ ދެ މަ ރު އި ލާ ބަ ޅާ އަ ށް ކޮ ތް ބަ ސް ނި އި ކާ ތަ ރު ފަ ދު މަ ރު ސަ އަ ގެ ން ނު ސާ ން އި ދި އަ އި ކާ ތަ ދު އް ޙަ ރަ ސަ .ވެ ކެ މެ ކަ މް އް ހި މު ކީ މަ ރު ކު ރޓަ ނި ޮމ އް ތަ ދު އް ޙަ ރަ ސަ ޭވރސާ މި އި ގަ ލު ބަ ޤް ތަ ސް މު ތީ ޭވރެ ކު ާފލަ ށް މަ ކަ ނޭ ވާ ދަ ގަ ރު ވަ ރު ސަ އަ ގެ ޔޯ ން ނީ ށް ކޮ ތް ޔަ މާ ހި އް ތަ ރު ފަ އި ގަ ލު ބަ ޤް ތަ ސް މު ކީ މަ ތު ގަ ނެ ދެ ން ކަ ޔޮ ހެ ޅަ ދު ގެ ކު ތަ ރު ފަ ވި ރެ ކު ޭވރސާ އް ތަ ދު އް ޙަ ރަ ސަ ރު ތި އި ން ތު ގޮ މި .ވެ ކެ ތެ ކަ އް ސަ މަ މު އް ހި މު ގެ މް ޓީ ކް ޗެ ފް ރީ ނަ ން އަ ން މު ދެ ފެ އު ރު ހާ މި އި ގަ ޭޖއް ރާ އި ގަ މު ޓު އް ހެ ލެ ބެ ހި ރި ހު ފެ .ވެ އެ ފަ ވި ރެ ކު ސް ވެ އް ކެ ތަ ޭވރސާ ހި ރި ހު ފެ ނީ ވަ އި ގަ ދު އް ޙަ ރަ ސަ ޅޭ އު ހި ރި ހު ފެ ވާ އި ފަ ވި ރެ ކު ތް ޔަ މާ ހި އި ގަ ނު ކު ދެ ޅު ތޮ އަ ރި އަ އި ގަ ދު އް ހަ ރަ ސަ ޅޭ އު ހި ރި ހު ފެ ވާ އި ފަ ވި ރެ ކު ތް ޔަ މާ ހި އި ގަ ނު ކު ދެ ޅު ތޮ އަ ރި އަ ނީ ވަ އި ގަ 2015 ރބަ މް ޓެ ޕް ސެ 17 ނު ވު ރެ ކު ށް މަ ދު ހޯ ށް ކަ ދަ ދަ އަ ނަ ގި ކީ ދަ އް ހަ ރަ ސަ މި .ވެ އެ ފަ ވި ރެ ކު ޑް ކޯ ރެ ނީ ވަ ހި ރި ހު ފެ 5 އި ގަ ޭވރސާ މި .އެ ވެ އެ ފަ ވި ރެ ކު ނީ ވަ އް ކެ ތަ ޭވރސާ ހި ރި ހު ފެ ްޓ ައ ިރ ްސ ުޓ ްނ ަޖ ާމ ާވ ަސ ަރ ަހ ްއ ަދ ަކ ެވ ަފ ިއ، ިމ ާސރވޭ ުކ ެރ ުވ ުނ ަގޑީ ަގ ިއ ެވ ްސ 70 ަވ ަރ ަކ ްށ ްޓ ައ ިރ ްސ ުޓ ްނ ާނ ިއ، 9 ަވ ަރ ަކ ްށ އި ގަ ލު ބަ ގު ތަ ސް މު ށް ކޮ ތް ޔަ މާ ހި ހި ރި ހު ފެ .ވެ އެ ފަ ވެ ފު ލާ ޚި އި އާ ރޖާ ސީ ރޮ ޕް ލާ ބަ ހި ރި ހު ފެ އި ގަ ތު ގޮ ރި ތެ ކާ އް ރަ އި ލަ ށާ ވަ ހި ރި ހު ފެ ނީ ވަ ޓް ބޯ .ވެ ކެ މެ ކަ މު ން ހި މު ކީ މަ ރު ކު ނާ ދަ ރު ހަ ރީ ޓް ސް ޑަ ން އި އި ލަ ބަ ހި ރި ހު ފެ ށް ކޮ ޒު ފީ ން ތަ އް ތަ ދު އި ވާ ގަ ށް ތަ ގޮ ވާ ލާ އާ ދީ ބާ އާ ގެ އޭ 2 © Biosphere Expeditions, an international not-for-profit conservation organisation registered in England, Germany, France, Australia and the USA Officially accredited member of the United Nations Environment Programme's Governing Council & Global Ministerial Environment Forum Officially accredited member of the International Union for Conservation Contents 2 Abstract / ްޓކް ރެ ޓް ސް ބް އެ Contents 3 1. Expedition review 4 1.1. Background 4 1.2. Research area 6 1.3. Dates 7 1.4. Local conditions & support 7 1.5. Scientist 8 1.6. Expedition leader 8 1.7. Expedition team 8 1.8. Other partners 8 1.9. Expedition budget 9 1.10. Acknowledgements 10 1.11. Further information & enquiries 10 2. Reef Check survey 11 2.1. Introduction and background 11 2.2. Results 20 2.3. Discussion and conclusions 33 2.4. Literature cited 40 3. Whale shark survey 43 3.1. Introduction 43 3.2. Results 43 3.3. Discussion and conclusions 48 Appendix I: Expedition diary and reports 49 3 © Biosphere Expeditions, an international not-for-profit conservation organisation registered in England, Germany, France, Australia and the USA Officially accredited member of the United Nations Environment Programme's Governing Council & Global Ministerial Environment Forum Officially accredited member of the International Union for Conservation Please note: Each expedition report is written as a stand-alone document that can be read without having to refer back to previous reports. As such, much of this section, which remains valid and relevant, is a repetition from previous reports, copied here to provide the reader with an uninterrupted flow of argument and rationale. 1. Expedition review 1.1. Background Biosphere Expeditions runs wildlife conservation research expeditions to all corners of the Earth. Our projects are not tours, photographic safaris or excursions, but genuine research expeditions placing ordinary people with no research experience alongside scientists who are at the forefront of conservation work. Our expeditions are open to all and there are no special skills (scientific or otherwise) required to join. Our expedition team members are people from all walks of life, of all ages, looking for an adventure with a conscience and a sense of purpose. More information about Biosphere Expeditions and its research expeditions can be found at www.biosphere-expeditions.org. This expedition report deals with an expedition to the Maldives that ran from 12 to 18 September 2015 with the aim of surveying and studying recovery of reefs since the catastrophic 1998 bleaching event.
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