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Capacity and Passenger Car Unit Estimation for Heterogeneous Traffic Stream of Trunk Roads

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Capacity and Passenger Car Unit Estimation for Heterogeneous Traffic Stream of Trunk Roads ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GRADUATE STUDIES Capacity and Passenger Car Unit Estimation for Heterogeneous Traffic Stream of Trunk Roads A Thesis submitted to school of Civil and Environmental Engineering of Addis Ababa Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering (Road and Transport Engineering) By: Ararsa Bekele Main Advisor: Dr. Getu Segni Tulu (PhD) Co-advisor: Tamiru Tilahun (MSc) February, 2020 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Capacity and Passenger Car Unit Estimation for Heterogeneous Traffic Stream Of Trunk Road ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GRADUATE STUDIES M.Sc. Thesis on Capacity and Passenger Car Unit Estimation for Heterogeneous Traffic Stream of Trunk Roads By Ararsa Bekele Debali FEBRUARY, 2020 G.C. Approval by Board of Examiners Dr. Getu Segni Tulu (PhD) -------------------- ------------------ Main Advisor Signature Date MSc. Tamiru T ------------------- ----------------- Co-Advisor Signature Date Dr. Bikila Teklu(PhD) ------------------- ----------------- Internal Examiner Signature Date MSc. Yohannis L -------------------- ----------------- External Examiner Signature Date Dr.Ing. Mebruk Mohamed --------------------- ------------------ Chair Person Signature Date i Capacity and Passenger Car Unit Estimation for Heterogeneous Traffic Stream Of Trunk Road DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis entitled “Capacity and Passenger Car Unit Estimation for Heterogeneous Traffic Stream of Trunk Roads” was done by me, with the guidance of my main advisor and co-advisor and that the work contained herein is my own and has not been submitted, in whole or in part, for any other degree or professional qualification. Name: Ararsa Bekele Signature: ____________ Date: __________ Place: Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Date of submission: February, 2020 G.C ii Capacity and Passenger Car Unit Estimation for Heterogeneous Traffic Stream Of Trunk Road ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly I would like to express my heart-felt gratitude to my main advisor Dr. Getu Segni for his relentless advising, supporting and guidance through my work starting from proposal development till the end of my thesis write up. I really appreciate him; for his follow up during the time I do this thesis. No problem has been too big or small to discuss with him. I would also like to express my gratitude towards my co-advisor Mr. Tamiru Tilahun for his guidance throughout the compilation of this thesis. I would also like to thank Oromia police commission for enabling me to collect field data through provision of letters of support to traffic police of Sululta, Sebata, Holeta and Sendafa traffic police and also I would like to express my gratitude to all traffic police of those areas. In addition I would also like to thank Addis Ababa Transport bureau for their permission to calibrate traffic data by using PTV VISSIM software. Last but not the least, I want to acknowledge my friends Mr. Firehun Tadese, Mr. Debela Bayu and Tadele Mekuria for their assistance and I would like to thank to my family for their endless love, support and encouragement in my entire career. ii Capacity and Passenger Car Unit Estimation for Heterogeneous Traffic Stream Of Trunk Road ABSTRACT The study was conducted on capacity and passenger car unit estimation for heterogeneous traffic stream of trunk roads on Addis Ababa to Holeta, Addis Ababa to Sendafa, Addis Ababa to Sululta and Addis Ababa to Sebata road sections to estimate the PCU for different categories of vehicles, to analyze the variation of PCU values with respect to different interval of traffic volume, to compare and contrast the PCU resulted by Chandra’s and Homogenization coefficient methods and to estimate the road capacity. Different vehicle types occupy different spaces on the road, move at different speeds and start at different speeds. Especially in Ethiopia, this poses a problem when designing roads. A uniform measurement of vehicles is necessary to estimate the traffic volume and the capacity of roads with mixed traffic. This is difficult to achieve unless the different vehicle types are expressed in terms of a common standard vehicle unit. To attain these objectives on basic segment in flat terrain of selected study road sections, the data were collected by means of video recording by selecting favorable area on the study area. Depending on the concept of ERA manual, the vehicles are classified as standard car, 4WD, bus, truck and three wheeler. For each vehicle, data such as, vehicle class; number of vehicles and travel time were measured from vehicle travelled in study section between two thick white lines marked across the road width to provide reference line to arriving vehicles. The measured travel time was averaged for a fifteen minute time interval to determine the average mean speed. Density was computed from number of vehicle counted in given time interval and vehicle speed. The dimension of vehicles was obtained by physical measuring of the size of vehicles. From obtained data, traffic simulation were simulated by PTV VISSIM software and analyzed using SPSS and MS. Excel. The results indicate that, the PCU values for different types of vehicles were found to be different for different intervals of traffic volume. The result showed that value of PCU was decreasing as the volume of the road sections increase for all vehicles, except for three wheelers. The PCU resulted by Chandra’s method for 4WD, bus, truck and three wheeler are (1.43, 3.96, 4.63 and 0.64) were greater than the PCU value resulted by Homogenization coefficient methods (1.27, 2.7, 3.13, 0.85) respectively for all types of vehicles, except for three wheelers. The Capacity of the trunk road was obtained from the average PCU by using Green shield’s Model and Greenberg model for all road section depending on the direction of flow. The capacity resulted on each sections was lower than the value stated on the highway capacity manual 2010. Key words: Capacity, Heterogeneous, PCU, Roads, Traffic Stream iii Capacity and Passenger Car Unit Estimation for Heterogeneous Traffic Stream Of Trunk Road TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................................ ii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURE....................................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLE ......................................................................................................................................... ix ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Back ground .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Statement of the problem .............................................................................................................. 2 1.3. Objective ............................................................................................................................................ 5 1.3.1. General objective ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.3.2. Specific objective ............................................................................................................................ 5 1.4. Research Questions ............................................................................................................................ 5 1.5. Scope of the study .............................................................................................................................. 5 1.6. Significance of the study .................................................................................................................... 6 1.7. Structure of the thesis ......................................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................... 8 2.1. Two lane highway ......................................................................................................................... 8 2.2. Classification of two lane highway .................................................................................................... 9 2.3. Types of analysis in two lane highway .............................................................................................. 9 2.4. Free flow speed ..........................................................................................................................
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