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Addis Ababa University College of Business and Economics Department of Public Administration and Development Management Addis Ababa University College of Business and Economics Department of Public Administration and Development Management The Role of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in Environmental Protection: The Case of MELCA Ethiopia and World Vision Ethiopia A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Masters Degree of Public Management and Policy (Development Management) in the Department of Public Administration and Development Management By: Alelign Shibabaw Advisor: Jemal Abagissa (PhD) June, 2016 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia The Role of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in Environmental Protection: The Case of MELCA Ethiopia and World Vision Ethiopia By: Alelign Shibabaw Advisor: Jemal Abagissa (PhD) A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Masters Degree of Public Management and Policy (Development Management) in the Department of Public Administration and Development Management June, 2016 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies College of Business and Economics Department of Public Administration and Development Management The Role of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in Environmental Protection: The Case of MELCA Ethiopia and World Vision Ethiopia By: Alelign Shibabaw Approved by Board of Examiners: Advisor Signature Date ____________ _____ ______ Internal Examiner Signature Date External Examiner Signature Date Chair of Department Graduate Signature Date Program Coordinator Acknowledgment First and foremost I would like to thank much the Almighty God for having helped me immensely in many ways in my life’s journey. My appreciation goes to my thesis advisor, Dr. Jemal Abagissa who taught me the basics in Public Management and Administration courses and specifically in guiding me professionally throughout my research undertaking. I am also indebted to those instructors in the program who helped me acquire subject knowledge and develop a good understanding on Public Management and Policy in general through the various courses offered. I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to Mr. Shimelis Tegegn, Mr. Endale Sahlu, and Mr. Befekadu Referra; all from MELCA Ethiopia for being cooperative for the in-depth interview held. Mr. Shemelis Telila, Head of Suba-Forest District from Oromia Forest and Wildlife Enterprise (OFWE) deserves a special compliment for dedicating his precious time for the interview held in Sebeta town. I am deeply indebted particularly to Mr Endale Sahlu for the wonderful facilitation work he did in mobilizing and managing the respondents with the help of school principals and teachers in Holeta town. My gratitude may also go to key informants from World Vision Ethiopia i.e. Mr. Demes Lemma and Mr. Kibret Mamo, who provided me with required data on the research under consideration. I am particularly grateful to Mr. Demes for having facilitated the data collection endeavor satisfactorily at Humbo Woreda, Wolaita zone. The unrelenting support and encouragement I received from my colleagues at UNECA is paramount and I would like to express my deep thanks and appreciation to Ms. Hirut Asrat, Mr. Abebe Tesfaye, Mr. Teklehaimanot Gebremichael, Mr. Andinet Aragaw and Ms. Frezewud Bedada Last but not least, my beloved family and dear friends deserve to be praised for being always around me in many ways. I thank a lot my mother, W/o Demeketch Alemu who is my source of inspiration and strength and Ms. Zinash Lemma, a true and beloved sister with great personality, and friends like Mr.Endalkachew Abate, Mr. Mathias Teshome, Mr. Alemneh Tsegaw, Mr Gulilat Teshome and Mr. Habtamu Arega, deserve a big compliment for the material and morale support they extended to me throughout. i Table of Contents Content Page No. Acknowledgment ................................................................................................................. i Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ ii List of Tables .................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures .................................................................................................................. viii List of Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... ix Abstract .............................................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Description of the Research Area.............................................................................. 3 1.2.1 MELCA Ethiopia ................................................................................................ 3 1.2.1.1 Environmental Education- SEGNI (Social Empowerment through Group Nature Interaction) ................................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 World Vision International, Ethiopia ................................................................. 5 1.2.2.1 Livelihood Program/Humbo CDM Project .................................................. 6 1.3 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................................... 7 1.4 Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................... 10 1.4.1 General Objective ............................................................................................. 10 1.4.2 Specific Objectives ........................................................................................... 10 1.5 Research Questions ................................................................................................. 11 1.6 Scope of the Study................................................................................................... 12 1.7 Significance of the Study ........................................................................................ 12 ii 1.8 Limitation of the Study ........................................................................................... 13 1.9 Organization of the study Paper .............................................................................. 14 CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................. 15 2. Review of Relevant Literature ...................................................................................... 15 2.1. Theoretical Literature ............................................................................................. 15 2.1.1. Environment: Overview .................................................................................. 15 2.1.1.1. What is Environment? ............................................................................... 15 2.1.1.2. What is Environmental Protection? .......................................................... 16 2.1.2. Natural Resources in Ethiopia ......................................................................... 17 2.1.3. Nature-Society ................................................................................................. 18 2.1.4. Forests .............................................................................................................. 19 2.1.5. Environmental Problems ................................................................................. 21 2.1.5.1. Environmental Challenges in Ethiopia ..................................................... 21 2.1.6. Causes of Environmental Problems ................................................................. 23 2.1.7. Poverty-Environment linkages in Ethiopia ...................................................... 24 2.1.8. Environment and Development ....................................................................... 25 2.1.9. Environmental Education ................................................................................ 26 2.1.9.1. What Is Environmental Education and Why Is It Important? ................... 26 2.1.9.2. Approaches to Environmental Education ................................................. 28 2.1.10. Area Exclosure .............................................................................................. 28 2.1.11. Carbon Finance .............................................................................................. 30 2.1.12. Climate Change ............................................................................................. 31 2.1.12.1. Climate Change in Ethiopia .................................................................... 32 2.1.13. Actors in Environmental Protection .............................................................. 33 iii 2.1.14. Legal Frameworks ......................................................................................... 37 2.1.14.1 International Conventions and Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) .................................................................................................................
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