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A Barber of Seville, The, 13, 261 acting training, 14 Bavarian State Opera, 13, 260, 261, Albee, Edward, 178, 204n33 263, 265 Alexandrov Ensemble, 87, 94, 103, Bayreuth Festival, 13, 260 103n1 BE. See Berliner Ensemble (BE) amateur, 10, 76, 89–92, 97, 229, 279 Beckett, Samuel, 156, 157 Americanisation, 224, 234 Beligan, Radu, 212, 214, 217, 220n19 Anderson, Benedict, 154, 161n8, Berghaus, Ruth, 12, 13, 66–8, 71n35, 321n16 71n38, 261–7, 270n4 Anouilh, Jean, 169, 170, 174, 178 Berlin/East Berlin/West Berlin, 6, 11, Appadurai, Arjun, 5, 19n8 19n11, 27, 28, 34, 42n50, 62–7, Arturo Ui, 65 70n15, 70n18, 80, 81, 101, Athen, 153, 154, 225, 226, 229, 123n2, 143, 145, 148n14, 165, 236n25 171, 174, 185n65, 232, 238n41, avant-garde, 11, 89, 99, 154–60, 167, 242, 249–52, 254, 255n8, 172, 176, 191, 192, 197, 198, 256n22, 257n27, 259, 260, 262, 244, 245, 249, 280 263, 266, 300–4 Axer, Erwin, 65, 70n25, 70n26 Berliner Ensemble (BE), 7, 9, 12, 20n19, 59–71, 70n21, 127–6n50, 142, 147n5, 231–3, B 237n38, 243, 249, 250, 255n5, Ballets Russes, 6, 314, 321n23 261, 264 Bandler, Vivica, 157, 295 Berlin Wall, the, 6, 64, 165, 174, 297, Baranga, Aurel, 156 300–2, 304

Bierut, Bolesław, 78, 174 C Birabeau, André, 174 Camus, Albert, 176 ‘Black Belt’ theory, 45–7 Canning, Charlotte, 7, 18n2, 20n22, Bogdanović, Milan, 153, 154 25–43, 235n5, 255n9, 322n29 border crossing, 6 Capote, Truman, 32–4, 41n41 Bork, Kurt, 65, 70n28, 70n29 Caragiale, Ion Luca, 207, 212, 213, bourgeois, 10, 29, 61, 89, 93, 109, 215, 217, 219 112, 166, 211, 244, 250, Carnival Scenes, 207–9, 212–14, 216, 289n24 218 Brecht, Bertolt, 3, 6, 7, 11, 12, 14, Casanova, Pascale, 312, 320n12, 20n19, 59, 61–3, 65, 66, 69n1, 321n19, 321n21 69n8, 70n13, 70n15, 70n16, Caucasian Chalk Circle, The, 226 70n18, 141, 142, 156, 168, 171, Caute, David, 18n3, 40n18, 73, 84n1, 211, 223, 226–34, 235n12, 181n3, 224, 232, 234n3, 237n28, 237n32, 237n37, 238n40, 238n41 238n41, 239–57, 261, 298, 303, CCP. See Cultural Center of the 304 Philippines Breen, Robert, 26–8, 30–2, 38, 41n35 CCT. See Central Cultural Troupe British Youth Festival Committee (CCT) (BYFC), 143–5, 150n40, Ceauşescu, Nicolae, 109, 118, 209 150n41, 150n43–150n46 Central Cultural Troupe (CCT), 278, Broadway, 2, 5, 49, 160 279, 282 Bucharest, 11, 108, 114, 116, 117, Central Hospital, the, 276, 282, 284 119, 120, 128n74, 156, 207, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 5, 209, 212, 214, 217, 219, 219n2, 8, 18, 45, 134 219n3, 220n12–220n19, Cherry Orchard, The, 208, 209, 212, 221n20, 221n23, 221n25, 214–16, 218 221n27, 221n28 China, 12, 20n24, 38, 52, 79, 160, Bucharest National Theatre, 212 204n27, 210, 308, 313–15, 317, Budapest, 108–15, 120, 123n7, 320n8, 322n26 125n35, 126n37, 126n40, ‘Choros,’ 226, 227, 232 126n43–126n45, 126n48, CIA. See Central Intelligence Agency 127n58–127n60, 128n78, (CIA) 129n85, 143, 218, 302 circulation, 4, 229, 233 Bujański, Jerzy, 169 Ciulei, Liviu, 11, 117, 209, 212–14, Bulandra Theatre, 11, 117, 207–9, 218, 219, 220n4, 220n14, 213, 214, 216, 218, 219n2, 220n18, 220n19 219n4, 221n23 Cold War, 1–14, 17, 18, 20n23, Bulgaria, 60, 79, 80, 119, 156 21n29, 21n31, 25–43, 45–57, Bundeswehr, 99–102 73–85, 96, 100, 102, 107–29, BYFC. See British Youth Festival 133–63, 165–86, 189–205, Committee (BYFC) 207–21, 224, 232–4, 235n4, INDEX 345

235n5, 238n43, 239–57, 259, Elsom, John, 8, 18n2, 20n17, 146n3, 273–306, 306n29, 307–23 235n5 Communist Party of Greece (KKE), Emergency Fund for International 225 Affairs, 8 Communist Youth of Greece (KNE), epistemic communities, 8–11 225, 227, 231, 233, 236n26 EPLF. See Eritrean People’s Liberation Cricot 2, 194, 199, 203n16 Front (EPLF) Crişan, Maxim, 216, 217 Erich Weinert Ensemble, 91, 95, 97, Cultural Center of the Philippines 100 (CCP), 314, 315, 317 Eritrea, 275–8, 282, 283, 286n4, cultural diplomacy, 28–30, 36, 37, 288n15, 288n16, 289n22, 269 289n23, 290n28, 292n46, cultural exchange, 26, 36, 81, 109, 292n47, 292n50 112, 122, 157, 199 Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF), 275, Czechoslovakia, xi, 27, 88, 90, 91, 93, 277, 288n20 95, 96, 101, 102, 105n39, 112, Eritrean People’s Liberation Front 128n78, 139, 156, 194, 198, (EPLF), 275–80, 282, 283, 286, 208, 209, 266 287n14, 289n23, 290n25, 291n33, 291n34 Ethiopia, 17, 274–8, 283, 285, D 286n4, 287n14, 289n23 Darcante, Jean, 157, 212–14, 216, Everding, August, 66, 70n32, 268, 220n12, 220n18, 220n19 269 Davis, Blevins, 27, 28, 32 Everyman Opera Company, 26–8, Day, Tony, 14, 21n31, 310, 320n7, 42n59 321n13 experimenta, 299–301 decolonization, 278, 307, 308, 319n2 Demarko, Richard, 199 F documentary theatre, 3, 304 FBI, 45 DTI. See German Theatre Institute Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), (DTI) 59–61, 67, 247, 268 Felsenstein, Walter, 259, 260 Finland, 152, 153, 157, 159, 160, E 161n10 Edwall, Allan, 295, 298 Flaszen, Ludwik, 195, 196, 204n28, Ehrenburg, Ilya, 193 205n44 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 8, 29, 30, Florea, Vasile, 213–17, 219n3, 41n27, 41n28, 316 220n16, 220n20, 221n28 Eisenstein, Sergei, 46, 50, 51 folklore/folk, 3, 5, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54, ELF. See Eritrean Liberation Front 73–85, 89, 91, 92, 94, 101, 102, (ELF) 311, 314, 315 346 INDEX formalism, 61, 171, 232, 248–50 H Freyer, Achim, 264 Heinz, Wolfgang, 250, 254, 257n34, FRG. See Federal Republic of Germany 257n39, 257n40, 257n43 (FRG) Helsinki, 10, 152–4, 157–9, 161, Friedrich, Götz, 12, 112, 168, 172, 204n27 260, 261, 264, 300 Herlischka, Bohumil, 266 home front, 10, 165–86, 297, 301, 303, 304 G Horn of Africa, 17, 274–6, 287n7, Gebhart, Hans, 246, 256n20 287n8 German Democratic Republic (GDR), House Un-American Activities 12, 59–71, 79, 81, 90, 92, 95, Committee (HUAC), 134, 97, 99, 116, 156, 160, 171, 172, 135 174, 177, 178, 181n5, 231, 232, HUAC. See House Un-American 238n41, 243, 247, 249, 251, Activities Committee (HUAC) 252, 260–2, 264, 266 Hungary, 109, 111, 115, 121, German Theatre Institute (DTI), 239, 125n25, 141, 301 242–50, 252 Giacomoni, Félix, 208, 213–16, 220n15, 221n23 I Giraudoux, Jean, 176 International Theatre Institute (ITI), Glaser, Etienne, 295 10, 11, 16, 18, 20n22, 151–3, global history, 3–6 155, 157–61, 161n5, 161n9, globalization, 5, 14, 15, 276, 307–23 161n10, 197, 209, 211–14, 216, Gogol, Nikolai, 127n58, 168, 279, 218, 220n12 292n48 interweaving, 13 Gomułka, Władysław, 174, 175, 177, Ionesco, Eugène, 152, 155–7, 160, 193–8 161n11, 161n12, 162n27, 176, Gorki, Maksim, 171, 256n22 178, 208–10, 215–19 Gould-Davies, Nigel, 28, 40n12, Iron Curtain, the, 2, 6–8, 17, 35, 64, 40n14, 40n17, 74, 75, 84n5 83, 135, 141, 148n13, 153, 199, Great Britain/UK, 2, 9, 15, 26, 38, 114, 211, 219, 234n2, 259, 265, 269, 134, 136, 137, 142, 147n9, 277, 318 148n13–148n15, 149n20, 149n22, ITI. See International Theatre Institute 149n23–6, 149n27–30, 150n35, (ITI) 150n37–41, 150n43–6, 157 Ivanov, Vsevolod, 171 Greece, 11, 223–38 Grotowski, Jerzy, 3, 6, 11, 19n12, 126–7n50, 189, 195, 196, 198, J 200, 203n20, 204n24, 204n27, Jackson, Earl, 33, 34, 38, 287n10 205n38, 205n44 Juliusz Słowacki Theatre, 192 INDEX 347

K M Kána, Vašek, 173 MacColl, Ewan, 135, 136, 140, Kantor, Tadeusz, 11, 189, 191–3, 147n4, 147n10 198 Maliszewski, Aleksandr, 173 Kašlík, Václav, 21n25, 266, 267 Manila, 17, 307–23 Kayser, Karl, 165, 174, 175, 177, Maoism/Maoist, 315 179, 180, 183n32, 184n48, Markov, Pavel Aleksandrovich, 186n83 248 Kennedy, Dennis, 7, 20n14, 124n13 Marxism/Marxist, 7, 15, 17, 47, Khrushchev, Nikita, 1, 26, 174 166, 180, 226, 256n25, 296, Kifleyesus, Bernardo, 283–5, 288n17, 300, 302, 303, 311, 312, 315, 292n47, 292n50 320n6 Kivimaa, Arvi, 157–9, 162n25, Mavromoustakos, Platon, 136n14, 163n31 227, 229, 233, 236n13, 236n17, KKE. See Communist Party of Greece 236n22, 238n45 (KKE) Mayakowski, Vladimir, 283 Kleineidam, Horst, 175 Mazowsze, 73–85 Kluge, Alexander, 269, 270n16 McCarthy, Joseph, 33, 173 KNE. See Communist Youth of Greece McConachie, Bruce, 2, 5, 18n2, (KNE) 20n23, 162n19, 235n5 Krakow, 9, 61, 165–86, 191, 192, McLuhan, Marshall, 88, 103n2 194, 195, 199, 203n8, 203n9, metonymy/metonymical, 77 203n15 Midsummer Night’s Dream, A, 7, Krakow’s State Dramatic Theatres 107–27, 168 (Państwowe Teatry military, 1, 26, 38, 39, 73, 87–103, Dramatyczne), 192 121, 168, 224, 232, 239–43, Kulnev, Boris, 20n24 245, 256n19, 274–9, 282, Kupfer, Harry, 12, 260, 261 287n8, 308, 309, 312, 316 Kwiatkowski, Tadeusz, 173 Military Intelligence, Section 5 (MI5), 8, 9, 133–50 Moiseyev Dance Company, 76 L Moiseyev, Igor, 76, 84n11 La forza del destino, 266, 267 Morawski, Jerzy, 175, 176, Leipzig, 9, 165–86, 240, 241, 250, 185n57 255n1, 256n18, 257n31, 260 Mother Courage and Her Children, Littlewood, Joan, 8, 135, 136, 140, 61, 135 143–5, 147n10 Mother, The, 61 locality, 5 Munich, 60, 66, 67, 123n2, 246, London, 5, 45, 64, 65, 70n17, 247, 255n8, 260, 261, 108–14, 119, 120, 122, 123n1, 264–6 123n2, 135, 159, 260, 300 music drama, 259–70 348 INDEX

N People’s Republic of Poland/Poland, nation, 3–5, 11, 14, 15, 17, 19n11, 75, 77, 78, 80, 82 25–8, 30, 31, 33, 38, 43n64, 45, Philippines, 17, 85n13, 307–23 47, 61, 76, 77, 79, 81, 82, 92, Pintilie, Lucian, 11, 117, 207, 209, 94, 151, 153, 154, 198, 200, 211–14, 219, 220n4, 220n15 207–21, 242, 277, 289n23, Polish United Workers’ Party (PZPR), 309–12, 318n2, 320n6, 321n16, 171, 173–5, 194, 195, 197, 322n28 202n3, 204n22 nationalism, 17, 151, 154, 158, Popescu, Dumitru, 118, 119, 216, 207–21, 286n4, 289n23, 307–23 217, 221n25 NATO, 9, 99, 102, 153, 294, 301 Porgy and Bess, 7, 26–31, 33, 34, 38, naturalism, 119, 155, 211, 219, 39 220n11 Portugal, 296, 301, 302, 305n7 Nazi, 9, 61, 168, 169, 239 Prague, 10, 21n25, 27, 97–9, 101, Neef, Sigrid, 262–4, 270n4 104n15, 111, 112, 114, 115, Nejedlý, Vít, 94, 95, 97, 98, 101, 126n43, 128n78, 145, 151, 153, 104n20 255n10, 266 Nixon, Richard, 1, 2, 18, 143, 144, Priestley, J. B., 169, 170 209 Propaganda, 29, 31, 34, 45, 46, 53, North Korea, 210 65, 68, 75, 80, 107–29, 134, 145, 155, 166, 190, 198, 204n28, 210, 211, 289n23, 294, O 312, 315–16 O’Neill, Eugene, 169, 176 Pushkin, Alexander, 53 opera, 3, 5, 7, 12, 13, 26–8, 36, 37, Pyatnitsky State Choir, 75, 76 49, 52, 81, 107, 259–67, 269, 322n30 Orota, 276, 279, 282–5, 288n15 R Orwell, George, 307, 318n1 race, 7, 27, 34, 35, 42–3n64, 45–57, 109, 309 racism, 30, 43n64, 46, 49, 53, 154, P 320n8 Panhellenic Socialist Movement Radio Free Europe (RFE), 113, 115, (PASOK), 225–7, 230 117, 126n42 Paris, 5, 10, 11, 19n11, 28, 62, 63, Rameau’s Nephew, 208, 209, 214–16, 82, 123n2, 135, 140, 142, 143, 218 152, 153, 159, 175, 198, 207, Ratkowski, Teodor, 95 208, 210, 212, 214, 216, 217, realism, 155, 156, 179, 244, 245, 255n8, 295, 311, 312, 322n24 256n19, 282, 303 PASOK. See Panhellenic Socialist Reinhardt, Andreas, 262 Movement (PASOK) Rennert, Günther, 266 Patel, Kiran Klaus, 3, 19n6 Rennert, Wolfgang, 265 Pavlova, Anna, 313, 314 Rhinoceros, 158, 159, 210, 217 INDEX 349

Ring des Nibelungen, Der, 268 245, 249, 251–3, 256n25, 260, Robeson, Paul, 7, 37, 45–57 278, 289–90n24 Rockefeller Foundation, 14, 16, 316 Socialist Unity Party (SED), 7, 12, Romania, 11, 79, 108, 109, 111, 59–69, 169, 171, 174, 248–50, 116–20, 156, 160, 207–13, 215, 254, 302 217, 218 Sokorski, Włodzimierz, 75, 191, 192 Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), 9, Solidarity/Solidarność, 200 107–9, 111–15, 118, 119, 121, Somalia, 274, 275, 277 123n2, 300 Song of the Lusitanian Bogeyman, 17, 293–306 Southeast Asia, 308–11, 319n4, S 319n5 Sachsenmaier, Dominic, 6, 19n9 Stalinist/Stalinism, 175 satellite states, 74, 76, 77, 80, 84n2, Stalin, Joseph, 7, 26, 27, 29, 34, 268 46–55, 57n26, 76, 79, 174, 250, Saunders, Frances Stonor, 8, 20n16, 256n25 147n8, 235n4 Stanislavsky, Konstantin, 95, 168, 170 Scalateatern, 293, 295, 304 Stockholm, 17, 293, 295, 296, Schaffer, Peter, 178 301–4 Schauspielhaus Leipzig, 170, 171, Strahl, Rudi, 177 176–8, 180 Sudan, 276, 288n20 Schöbel, Frank, 91, 93, 103n10, Suhrkamp, 295–7, 304 104n14 surrealism, 155 Second World War, 9, 12, 30, 75, 77, Svoboda, Josef, 267 84n13, 87, 94, 95, 135, 146n4, Sweden, 17, 139, 293, 294, 297–301, 151, 167–9, 172, 173, 243, 246, 303, 304 259, 294, 307, 312, 314, 317, Sygietyński, Tadeusz, 77–9, 83 319n2 symbolism, 67, 155, 280 Shakespeare, William, 7, 9, 107, 108, 110, 111, 113, 118, 123n2, 124n20, 127n64, 135, 144, T 168, 279, 283, 284, 288n15, Tannhäuser, 13, 260, 261 300 Tcherniakov, Dmitri, 266 Simonov, Konstantin, 168, 170 Teatr Stary/Stary Theatre, 192 Smith, James, 8, 9, 20n19, 70n21, Teatr Wielki, 13, 268, 269 133–50 Teodorescu, Crin, 209, 211, 214, socialism, 79, 84n2, 99, 165, 171, 218, 221n32 173, 175, 178, 194, 195, 248, Tesfai, Alemseged, 276, 279–82, 250, 275, 276, 286n4, 287n14, 288n15, 289n24, 290n25, 289n23, 297 290n26, 290n31, 291n34, socialist realism, 13, 112, 118, 156, 291n37, 291n39, 291n43 171, 173, 190–3, 210, 211, 226, Theatre of Nations, 11, 207–21 231, 232, 235n11, 235n12, 244, Theatre of Nations Festival, 207–21 350 INDEX

Theatre of 13 Rows, 194, 196, 197 Vietnam, 26, 210, 293, 300, 301, Theatre Workshop, 8, 135–46, 308–10, 317, 318n2, 321n13 147n10, 148n16–18, 149n22, 150n47 Thessaloniki, 223, 225, 227, 236n26 W Thigpen, Helen, 33 Wagner, Wieland, 259, 260 Three Penny Opera, The, 216, 303 Warsaw, 13, 27, 54, 61, 74, 78, 79, tour/touring, 6–8 92, 93, 100, 102, 108, 114, Towards a Poor Theatre, 6, 19n12 119, 128n78, 143, 145, 153, transnational history, 3, 4, 6 173, 190, 194, 197, 198, Tsehaye, Solomon, 273, 278, 289n22, 202n4, 209, 268, 269, 294, 290n28, 290n31, 291n32 301 Warsaw Pact, 92, 93, 100, 102, 153, 194, 198, 209, 268, 294, 301 U Weigel, Helene, 64–6, 70n22, 70n25, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 70n26, 70n28, 70n32, 70n33, (USSR)/Soviet Union, 27, 29, 249 30, 36, 37, 74–6, 315 Weimar Republic, 9, 169 United Nations (UN), 43n64, 151–3, Weiss, Peter, 17, 293–306 209, 275 Williams, Tennessee, 176 United Nations Educational, Scientific, Wolfert, Ira, 25–7, 32, 38, 39n1, and Cultural Organization 43n70 (UNESCO), 11, 14, 151, 153, Wolf, Friedrich, 148n13, 168 161 ‘World Republic of Letters,’ 310, United States of America (USA), 7, 311 12, 13, 16–18, 26–8, 30–9, 42n64, 47, 49–53, 134, 135, 152, 198, 201, 209, 210, 233, Y 242, 274, 279, 294, 302, 307, Yiddish, 54 308, 312, 314, 316–18, 320n9, Yugoslavia, 153, 210 322n28, 322n30

Z V Zhdanov, Andrei, 29, 256n25, Vallentin, Maxim, 243–7, 252, 320n9 255n10, 256n12, 256n14 Zhdanovshchina, 29, 248, 256n25, Verfremdung, 230, 231, 237n29, 249, 320n9 253 Zimińska-Sygietyńska, Mira, 83, Victims of Duty, 208, 209, 214–19 84n8, 85n16, 85n22