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The Marine Malacofauna of Skokholm Lsland

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The Marine Malacofauna of Skokholm Lsland F.J.A.Slieker, A.F. de H.L.Strack & E.J.O.Kompanjel ' Jongr, Natuurmuseum Rotterdam The marine malacofaunaof Skokholm lsland Slieker, F.J.A., de Jong, A.F., Strack, H.L., & Kompanje, E.J.O., 1994 - The marine malacofaunaof SkokhohnIsland - DEINSEA l, 57 - 75 ISSN 0923-9308].Published 15 April 1994. With the aim of sludying the local malacofauna,the authorsvisited Skokholm_Island(Pembrokeshire, Wales, UK) in 1990 and 1991. hr this paper, known data are supplementedby the results of the authon'fieldrvork. Atotal of l14 specieswere recorded;49 are new records for Skokholm Island, ofwhich four are also new for the Bristol Channelregion. On the basis ofthe current results a marine reservestalus for Skokholm is reconrmended. De mariene nnlacofauna van Skokhohtreiland - De auteurs bezoclrtenin 1990 en l99l Skokholm Island (Pernbrokeshire,Wales, UK) teneinde een beeld te krijgen van de locale malacofauna" Be- staande gegevens werden aangevuld met veldwaarnerningenvan de auteurs. In totaal werden l14 soorlen geregistreerd,waarvan 49 nieuw voor het eiland, vier hiervan bleken tevens nieuw voor de Bristol Chamel regio te zijn. De auteursconcluderen op basis van de resultatenvan het onderzoek, 'marien dat Skokholm voor de status reservaat' in aanmerkine dient te komen. Correspondence: c/o Natuunnuseurtr Rotterdarn, P.O.Box 23452, NL-3001 KL Rotterdam, the Netherlands Keyrvords: malacology, tnariue fauna, Polyplacophora, Gastropoda,Bivalvia, Cephalopoda, Skok- holm lsland,Great Britain INTRODUCTIONAND METHODS In I 987E. J.O.Kompanje conducted biornetrical Apartfrom the five localitiesshrdied, the follo- studieson seabirdpopulations on SkokholmIs- wing siteswere occasionallymentioned in the land.On his recommendationthe authors visited cardfile system:Tlre Stack,Little Bay, Head theisland between 16th and 23rd June 1990 and Bay, Wild GooseBay, Dumbell Bay, Ravens 10thand lTth August1991 to studythe malaco- Gully, Mad Bay Point, EastBay, Fnnk's Bay fauna. The following localities were investi- andThe Quarry. Most of theselocalities arc very gated:North Haveq PetersBay, SouthHaverl exposed,not easilyaccessible, and according to Hog Bay and CrabBay (Fig. l). An inventory theavailable data, not very interesting;therefore was madeof all availabledata on marinemol- we did not samplethese localities ourselves. luscsin tlre cardfilesystem, stored in theLabor- Collectingwas done by searchingthe solidrock atory of the Bird observatoryon Skokholmls- surfaceand by turningstones embedded in san4 land (seeTable l). Marryof theseearly records or in rockpools.In additionalgae werc collected were previouslypublished by Crothers(1966). and rvashedin freshwater in searchfor living This inventorygave us a goodimpression of the micromolluscs.Collecting methods did not in- collectingsites and ofthe speciesrecorded from clude snorkeling,SCUBA-diving or dredging the islandbefore our survey.All previousrec- thereforethe search-rangewas limited from the ords of marine molluscswere taken behl,een supra-littoralzone down to just beneaththe lo- 1947and 1971 ; no laterrecords could be traced. westlow rvatermark. DEINSEAI, 1994 The resultsof our researchon the different sites Skokholm lies within sea area boundary 21 were influencedby tide level, windforce and di- @ristol Channel)as definedby Seaward(1982, rection. In North Haven and CrabBay shell grit 1990).The islandis 800 m wide with a mzx- was collectedin which many dead micromol- imum lengthof 1.9km andhas about 9.6 km of luscs andjuvenile specimersof larger species ruggedcoastline. Skokholm slopesvery gently werefound. Many of thesespecies occur in the from an altitudeof 50 m at the westemend to 20 shallow subtidalzone. In 1991a low water of mattheclifftops inthe east.Mostofthe circum- spring tides enabledus to extendour search- ferenceis precipitousbut accessto the shoreline rangeby approximately0.65 m comparedto the is possiblein severalplaces and two covespro- previousyear. vide shelteredlandings. Systernaticsand nomenclaturewere used ac- cording to Fretter & Graham (1977), Graham (1988),Jones & Baxter(1987), Tebble (19'76) DESCRIPTIONOF LOCALITIES and Thompson (1988). Some material was Nofth Haven (Fig. 2) is one of the two coves preservedfor definiteidentification and is now which provide shelteredlandings and features storedin the NafirurmuseumRotterdam and in the only sandybeach on Skokholm.This beaclu the privatecollections ofthe authors. surroundedby steepcliffs, cornistsof coarse sandand boulders and is only accessibleat low TOPOGRAPHY tide. Skokholm(Fig. 1) is a flat-toppedisland of Old PetersBay (Fig. 3), southof The Neck, is the Red Sandstone,lying 3 kilometers south of leastaccessible locality we havestudied. In the Skomer Island and 3 kilometen west of the littoral mne large boulders dominate. The mainlandcliffs of Marloes in Pembrokeshire, splashzonecontains a relatively large cave Wales,United Kingdom (51'42'N, 05"16'W). (SpiderCave). Figure I Skokholm lsland;the five investigatedlocalities are indicated by arrows o loofr Soon! SLIEKERet ol: malacofaunaofSkokholm lsland (Fig. SouthHaven a) is the othercove that pro- Tabel I Abbreviations of earlier recorders used in the vides shelteredlandings, and is the landing- systematicsurvey, and of tide indications(below) stageforthe serviceboatfromthe mainland. The AD A. Davies(1955) little harbour,with its concretelanding, is sur- BSB B.S.Brookes (1965) roundedby The sheltering cliffs. bottom con- BW B.K.Whitaker (1948-1949) sistsof a reddishlayer of sandstone,derived par- CM C. Metam(1977) ticlesand small stones. CRT C.R.Thorne ( 1956) Hog Bay (Fig. 5) is the smallestof the five lo- HAGS HighArcal Grammar School ( 1966-1969) calitiesstudied. It hasa boulderbeach with few HJM HJ.Moore (1954) smallstones. HJMB HJ.M.Bowen (1948 & 1950) Crab Bay (Fig. 6) is the mostsheltered locality, H]T HJ.Thiel ( lesT) mainly becauseof a group of large rocks (Crab Ju J.Green (1955) Rocks)in front of thebay. Thechannel between JHB J.H.Barret (1948) the islandand CrabRocks is only accessibleat JRP J.R.Povey ( 1965) LWST and scatteredwith many small to me- KST K.S.Thomson( 1955) MEB M.E.Blytheway (1955) dium sized stones,overgrown with Laminaria MJA MJ.Askew (1969 & t972-1973) andSaccorhiza. MPH M.P.Harris (1964) NDP N.D.Purcher (197 l -972) ABBREVIATIONS PDB P.de Brant( | 952) In the systematicsurvey the records may be RBSS R.B.Slone School ( | 963) followedby abbreviations(between brackeG) of UHW U.H.Williams (1950) therecorders who precededus. Their rurmesarc listedin Tabel l. Theyears refer to theperiod(s) LWM Low water mark thepersons and institutions made their observa- LWST Low water of spring tides tions. Figure 2 Beachat North Haven with large boulders; only accessibleat low tide DEINSEAI, I994 Figure 3 Peters Bay,the least accessiblelocality SLIEKERet ol: malacofaunaof Skokholmlsland I Figure 5 Hog Bay,the smallest locality studied, at low tide DEINSEAI, I994 SYSTEMATICAL SURVEY OF Acanthochitonacrinita (Perrnrfi. L'7'7'7) RECORDEDSPECIES North Haven, 29.V11.1963,1specimeq South The following classification of abundancy is Haven, 29.VII. 1963, I specimen;South used to indicate the 1990 and 1991 recordings: Haven, 9.VI[.1964, 2 specimers; North Haveq 8.VII.1968, occasional specimens < rare l0 specimens (HAGS);North Haven,10.VII.1969, I spe- scarce l0 - 25 specimens cimen (HAGS). * South Haverq 1990, 5 common 25 - 100sPecimens specimens;North Haveq 1990,I specimen; abundant > 100soeci Crab Bay, 1991, I specimen;Peters BaY, If less than l0 specimenswere recorded,the 1991,I juvenilespecimer exactnumber is givenin mostcases. Habital Intertidal on solid rock, occasionally Habitat notes are only given when live spe- understones. cimenswere observed and are strictly related to conditionson SkokholmIsland. The authors's Acanthochitonafascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767) observationsarel{ceded by an asterisk(*). SoulhHaver! 2.V11.I961,1 specimen (HAGS); NorthHaven" 23.V11.197 l, 3 specimens. Remarks:Most likely these records represenl Class Polyplacophora misidentifiedA. crinita asthey were found on Order Neoloricata overhangingrocks; a habitatprefered by l. Suborder Lepidopleurina crinita but not by.4./ascicalaris. Family Leptochitonidae Genus Le ptochi ton Gr ay, 1847 Class Gastropoda Leptochitonasellus (Gmelin, 179 1) SubclassProsobranchia * No previousrecords from Skokholm. North Order Archaeogastropoda Haven, 1990, I valve in shell-grit; Noth Family Fissurellidae Haven,1991, I valvein shell-grit. GenvsEmarginula Lamarck, 1801 Snborder Ischnochitoniua Emarginulaftssura (Linnaeus,1758) Family Ischnochitonidae No previousrecords from Skokholm.* North Genus Lepidochitona Gtay, l82l Haveq 1990,I specimenin shell-grit;Crab Bay, 1991,4 specimensin shell-grit. Lepidochitona cinerea (Linnaeus, 1767) Hog Bay, 9.VII.1968,1 specimen(HAGS); GensDiodora Gray, 1821 North Haverl 10.VIL 1969, 1 specimen * (HAGS). CrabBay, 1991,I juvenilespeci- Diodoragraeca (Linnaeus, 1758) men;Peters Bay, 1991,3 sPecimers. SouthHaveq3.VIII.1950, I specimenonLami' Habitat:LWM understones embedded in sand. naria-roots(HJMB);Crab Bay, 18.IV.1965,I specimenunder rock at LWST (BSB); Crab Gerus T on i c ella Carpenler, I 873 Bay, 12.MI.1968,I specimenunder stone (HAGS);North Haven, 28.VI[.1969, 1 spe- Tonicellarubra Q,imraeus,1767) cimenat LWST. * North Haven,1990, I spe- * No previousrecords from Skokholm. Peters cimenin shell-grit. Bay, 1991,1 specimen. Habitat:LWM on solid roch shelteredby over- FarnilyAcnraeidae hangingcliffs. GenusA cma e a Eschscholtz, I 833 Suborder Acarrthochitonina Acmaea virgin ea
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