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Arctic Research of the United States, Volume 15 This document has been archived. About The journal Arctic Research of the United refereed for scientific content or merit since the States is for people and organizations interested journal is not intended as a means of reporting the in learning about U.S. Government-financed scientific research. Articles are generally invited Arctic research activities. It is published semi- and are reviewed by agency staffs and others as Journal annually (spring and fall) by the National Science appropriate. Foundation on behalf of the Interagency Arctic As indicated in the U.S. Arctic Research Plan, Research Policy Committee (IARPC) and the research is defined differently by different agencies. Arctic Research Commission (ARC). Both the It may include basic and applied research, moni- Interagency Committee and the Commission were toring efforts, and other information-gathering authorized under the Arctic Research and Policy activities. The definition of Arctic according to Act (ARPA) of 1984 (PL 98-373) and established the ARPA is “all United States and foreign terri- by Executive Order 12501 (January 28, 1985). tory north of the Arctic Circle and all United Publication of the journal has been approved by States territory north and west of the boundary the Office of Management and Budget. formed by the Porcupine, Yukon, and Kuskokwim Arctic Research contains Rivers; all contiguous seas, including the Arctic • Reports on current and planned U.S. Govern- Ocean and the Beaufort, Bering, and Chukchi ment-sponsored research in the Arctic; Seas; and the Aleutian chain.” Areas outside of • Reports of ARC and IARPC meetings; and the boundary are discussed in the journal when • Summaries of other current and planned considered relevant to the broader scope of Arctic Arctic research, including that of the State of research. Alaska, local governments, the private sector, Issues of the journal will report on Arctic and other nations. topics and activities. Included will be reports of Arctic Research is aimed at national and inter- conferences and workshops, university-based national audiences of government officials, scien- research and activities of state and local govern- tists, engineers, educators, private and public ments and public, private and resident organiza- groups, and residents of the Arctic. The emphasis tions. Unsolicited nontechnical reports on is on summary and survey articles covering U.S. research and related activities are welcome. Government-sponsored or -funded research rather Address correspondence to Editor, Arctic than on technical reports, and the articles are Research, Arctic Research and Policy Staff, intended to be comprehensible to a nontechnical Office of Polar Programs, National Science audience. Although the articles go through the Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, normal editorial process, manuscripts are not VA 22230. Cover Dall ram at Denali National Park. (Copyright 2000 by Tony Reynolds; used by permission.) VOLUME 15 FALL/WINTER 2001 A R C T I C R E S E A R C H O F T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee Department of Agriculture Introduction 2 Department of Commerce Executive summary 3 Department of Defense 1. Introduction 4 Department of Energy 1.1 National needs, goals, and objectives 4 Department of Health and Human Services 1.2 Budgetary considerations 7 Department of the Interior 1.3 Interagency coordination 7 Department of State 1.4 International cooperation 7 1.5 Revision to the plan 10 Department of Transportation Environmental Protection Agency 2. Special focus interagency research programs 11 2.1 The Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH) 11 National Aeronautics and Space Administration 2.2 Integrated assessment for a sustainable Bering Sea 19 National Science Foundation 2.3 Arctic health 27 Smithsonian Institution 3. Agency programs 38 Office of Management and Budget 3.1 New opportunities for Arctic research 38 Office of Science and Technology Policy 3.2 Arctic Ocean and marginal seas 40 3.3 Atmosphere and climate 43 Arctic Research Commission 3.4 Land and offshore resources 45 George B. Newton, Jr., Chair 3.5 Land–atmosphere–water interactions 47 Arlington, Virginia 3.6 Engineering and technology 49 Richard K. Glenn 3.7 Social sciences 50 Barrow, Alaska 3.8 Health 53 Jacqueline M. Grebmeier Knoxville, Tennessee 4. Research support, logistics, facilities, data, and information 55 John E. Hobbie 4.1 Research support and logistics 55 Woods Hole, Massachusetts 4.2 Arctic data and information 60 Jim O. Llewellyn 5. Bibliography 63 Atlanta, Georgia Appendix A: Glossary of acronyms 64 Walter B. Parker Anchorage, Alaska Appendix B: Eighth Biennial Report of the Interagency Arctic John R. Roderick Research Policy Committee to the Congress 67 Anchorage, Alaska Appendix C: Arctic research budgets of Federal agencies 69 Rita R. Colwell, Ex Officio Arlington, Virginia Appendix D: Federal Arctic research program descriptions 72 Appendix E: Arctic Research and Policy Act, As Amended 78 Managing Editorial Committee Appendix F: Principles for the conduct of research in the Arctic 82 Charles E. Myers, National Science Foundation—Editor Appendix G: Acknowledgments 84 John Haugh, Bureau of Land Management—Associate Editor David W. Cate, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory—Consulting Editor 1 United States Arctic Research Plan Biennial Revision: 2002–2006 Introduction The United States Arctic Research Plan was cross-cutting issues such as research support prepared by the Interagency Arctic Research and logistics, facilities, international activities, Policy Committee (IARPC). The Plan is a consen- and data and information. The Plan describes sus document that reflects the views of twelve high-priority research needs of the agencies but IARPC agencies. It responds to recommendations does not include every possible Arctic research of the U.S. Arctic Research Commission and to idea that might be suggested. The Plan also recommendations of scientists who provided responds to environmental and strategic objec- advice to the IARPC agencies. tives of U.S. Arctic policy. The Plan includes three special focus multi- The Plan is a living document. In accordance agency research programs agreed to by the with the Arctic Research and Policy Act, it is Federal agencies and includes multiagency revised every two years. 2 Executive Summary Background dation (NSF), continues to provide the mechanism The United States has substantial economic, for developing and coordinating U.S. Arctic scientific, strategic, and environmental interests in research activities. the Arctic. As required by the Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 (Public Law 98-373),* a com- Revision to the Plan prehensive Arctic Research Plan is prepared by This revision to the United States Arctic the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Commit- Research Plan includes two major sections. The tee and submitted to the President, who transmits first of these presents the Special Focus Inter- it to Congress. Section 109(a) of the Act requires agency Research Programs. For this biennial a biennial revision to the Plan. This document revision of the Plan, agencies agreed that the fol- updates the Plan and elaborates on the require- lowing three programs are ready for immediate ments of Section 109(a). attention as interagency focused efforts: United States research in the Arctic and this • Study of Environmental Arctic Change biennial revision are governed by U.S. national (SEARCH) policy on the Arctic, research goals and objectives • Bering Sea Research agreed upon by the Interagency Committee, and • Arctic Health Research. guidance provided by the Arctic Research Com- The second major section is the Agency Pro- mission. grams, which represent the objectives of Federal It is in the national interest of the United States agencies, focusing on the period covered by this to support scientific and engineering research to revision (2002–2006). They are presented in sev- implement its national policy objectives, includ- en major categories, and where common activities ing: exist they are presented as collective programs: • Protecting the Arctic environment and • Arctic Ocean and Marginal Seas conserving its living resources; • Atmosphere and Climate • Promoting environmentally sustainable • Land and Offshore Resources natural resource management and economic • Land–Atmosphere–Water Interactions development in the region; • Engineering and Technology • Strengthening institutions for cooperation • Social Sciences among the eight Arctic nations; • Health. • Involving the indigenous people of the Arctic Since the passage of the Act, the Interagency in decisions that affect them; Committee, the Arctic Research Commission, and • Enhancing scientific monitoring and research the State of Alaska have addressed issues related to on local, regional, and environmental issues logistics support for Arctic research. This revision (including their assessment); and considers issues related to surface ships and ice plat- • Meeting post-Cold-War national security and forms; land-based and atmospheric facilities and defense needs. platforms; coordination; and data facilities. The Arctic Research and Policy Act requires cooperation among agencies of the U.S. Govern- Budgetary Consideration ment having missions and programs relevant to Appendix C presents a summary of each agen- the Arctic. It established the Interagency Arctic cy’s funding for the 2000–2002 period. The total Research Policy Committee to “promote Federal interagency
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