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A Szabadhídvégi Alsópleisztocén Fauna

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A Szabadhídvégi Alsópleisztocén Fauna M. ÁLL. FÖLDTANI INTÉZET ÉVI .JELENTÉSE AZ 1976. ÉVRŐL A SZABADHÍDVÉGI ALSÓPLEISZTOCÉN FAUNA K ro lo pp E n d r e Az Ádánd és Szabadiad vég (korábban Városhídvég, Mezőhídvég) közti út mellett, a Sió közelében emelkedő Kavicsos-domb „klasszikus” ősmaradvány-lelőhelyeink közé tartozik. Az itt mélyített kavics- és homokgödrökből gyűjtött Mollusca-faunát W e iss (1909) és K ormos (1910) dolgozta fel. Munkájuk eredményeként 38 faj jelenlétét tudták megállapítani. A Földtani Intézet Múzeumában jórészt meglevő anyaguk revíziója során ez a szám 34-re csökkent, ugyanakkor az anyagból további 4, általuk nem közölt fajt sikerült kimutatnom. Az előkerült emlős szórványleleteket K a d ic (1910) ismertette. Az őslénytani adatok alapján a folyóvízi képződmény korát a legfelső pliocénbe (W e is s ), illetve a pleisztocén legaljára (K ormos, K a d ic ) helyezték. Az utóbbi korbesorolást fogadta el L óczy (1913) is. 1969-ben kavicsfejtés közben csontmaradványok kerültek elő. A bejelentés alap­ ján B éc sy L.-val végzett terepbejárás és próbagyűjtés során az eddig közölt fajok mellett pleisztocén faunánkból eddig nem ismert alakok is előkerültek és az iszapolás a gerinces fauna pontosabb besorolását biztosító apróemlős-anyagot is szolgáltatott. A lelőhelyről a későbbi évek során két alkalommal kisebb mennyiségű, végül 1975-ben nagyobb mennyiségű üledéket gyűjtöttem iszapolás céljára. A Sió völgye fölé 30 m-re kiemelkedő Kavicsos-domb (130 m) folyóvízi üledéksorának alsó része mintegy 2 m vastagságban feltárt közéjiszemű kavics, amelyre 2—3 m vastag, helyenként homoklencséket és homokrétege­ ket tartalmazó aprókavics, majd kb. 1 m vastag homokos kőzetliszt települ. A folyóvízi rétegsort fedő löszt a legtöbb helyen eltávolították, így ennek ma már csupán néhány cm vastag maradványait találjuk. A folyóvízi rétegsorból a gyűjtés az üledéktípusok szerint elkülönítve tör­ tént. Ahogy várható volt, a faunában mutatkozó különbségek csupán fácies- jellegűek, így az összevont faunalistákat közlöm. A Mollusca-fauna az alábbi fajokból áll : U n ió sp. indet. Viviparus acerosus zsigmondyi (H alav.) Corbicula flum inalis (Mü l l .) Viviparus contectus (Mil l .) Sphaerium rivicola (L á m .) Viviparus böckhi (H a la v.) Pisidium amnicum (Mü l l .) Bithynia tentaculata (L.) Pisidium clessini N e ü m . Bithynia leachi (Sh e p p .) Pisidium milium H eld Bithynia ( — Neumayria) crassitesta Pisidium obtusale C. P f r . B römme P is id i u m cf. subtruncatum Malm Prososthenia sp. indet. P is id i u m sp. indet. Lithoglyphus naticoides (F é r .) Theodoxus prevostianus (C. P f r .) Fagotia acicidaris (F é r .) Vdivata cristata M ü l l . Fagotia esperi (F é r .) Valvata piscinalis (Mü l l .) Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) Valvata naticina Mk e . Stagnicola palustris (Mü l l .) 298 K r o l o p p F . Radix peregra peregra (MÜLL.) Vallonia pulchella (Mü l l .) Radix peregra ovata (D r a p .) Vallonia enniensis (Gr b d l .) Galba truncatida (Mü l l .) Vallonia costata (Mü l l .) Ferrissia pleistocaenica K ro lo pp (n. sp.) Chondrula tridens (Mü l l .) Planorbarius corneas (L.) Iphigena densestriata (R m .) Planorbis planorbis (L.) Glausilia pum ïla C. P f r . Anisus spirorbis (L.) Clausiliidae indet. Anisus leucostomus (Mil l .) Helicodiscus cf. singleyanus (P il s b r y ) Anisus vorticulus (T ro sch .) Discus ruderatus (F é r .) G y r a u lu s cf. la e v is (Al b .) Punctum pygmaeum (D r a p .) Armiger crista (L.) Parmacella kormosi K ro lo pp (n. sp.) Segmentina nitida (Mü l l .) Nesovitrea hammonis (Ström .) Acroloxus lacustris (L.) Zonitoides nitidus (Mü l l .) Garychium minimum Mü l l . Zonitidae indet. Succinea oblonga D r a p . Euconulus fulvus (Mü l l .) S u c c in e a cf. eleg á n s RlSSO Daudebardia sp. indet. Gochlicopa lubrica (M ü l l .) Limacidae indet. Granaria frumentum (D r a p .) Bradybaena fruticum (M ü l l .) Vertigo pygmaea (D r a p .) Helicopsis striata (Mü l l .) Vertigo moulinsiana (D u p .) T r ic h ia sp. indet. Vertigo antivertigo (D r a p .) Monachoides vicina (R m.) Vertigo angustior J e f f . Perforatella bidentata (Gm e l .) Pupilla muscorum (L.) Perforatella dibothryon (K im .) Truncatellina cylindrica (F é r .) Euomphalia strigella (D r a p .) TruncateUina callicratis (Sa c ch i) H e lic ig o n a sp. indet. Orcula doliol.um (B r u g .) Cepaea vindobonensis (F é r .) Gastrocopta serotina L ozek Helix lutescens R m . Gastrocopta moravica (P e t r b o k ) Helicidae indet. Az előkerült néhány Ostracoda-teknőt К. D i e b e l (Berlin) határozta meg. Levelében (1970. VIII. 11.) a következő meghatározásokat közli : „Gandona compressa (Коен) Cyclocypris ovum (J u r in e ) Gandona negleeta Sars Metacypris cordatum B r . e t R ob G a n d o n a sp. juv. «Gyclocypris ef. trieb e li K e m p f » Gyclocypris laevis (O. F. M ü l l e r ) 'lE u c y p r is sp.” A gerinces mai'ad vány о kát K r e t z o i M. határozta meg, aki a régi anyag revízióját is elvégezte, így a teljes listát közölhetem: „Siluridae indet. Allophaiomys sp. (deucalion—pliocaenicus Cyprinidae indet. átmenet) Pisces indet. M ic r o m y s (?) sp. D e s m a n a cf. n e h r in g i K ormos ? Mustelidae indet. Grocidura kornfeldi K ormos Archidiskodon meridionalis (N e s t i) Mimomys pusillus Mé h e l y Stephanorhinus etruscus (F a lco n er) M im o m y s sp. (pliocaenicus — savini át­ Allohippus stenonis (Cocch i) menet) Cervidae sp. (kicsi) Cervidae sp. (nagy)” A Kavicsos-domb ősmaradványainak zömét a puhatestű anyag teszi ki. A Mollusca-fauna nagyobb része — mint pleisztocén faunáinknál általá­ ban — messze elterjedt, közönséges, ma is élő fajokból áll. Jellegét azonban nem ez adja, hanem az a 10 kihalt vagy faunaterületünkön nem élő faj, amely a faunának több mint 12%-át jelenti, továbbá azok a déli, délkeleti elterjedési! fajok, amelyek hazánk és a környező területek alsópleisztocénjére jellemzők. Ezek közül a fajok közül néhány részletesebb ismertetésre szorul: A szabadhidvégi alsópleisztocén faund 290 Corbicula fluminalis (Müll.) I. tábla 1 — 2. K ormos lelőhelyünkön egyetlen példányt gyűjtött, ezt mint a faj első magyarországi előfordulását közli (Kormos 1910). Weiss anyagában a revízió alkalmával további 1 példányt találtam, míg saját gyűjtéseim 6 példányt eredményeztek. A faj ma Európában nem él, az idősebb pleisztocén üledékek­ ből azonban számos helyről előkerült (Zilch — J aeckel 1962). Nálunk főleg az alföldi mélyfúrásokból ismeretes (Krolopp 1977). Prososthenia sp. I. tábla 11. K ormos Szabadhídvégről két kihalt Hydrobiidát közöl (Prososthenia sepul- chralis, Hydrobia longaeva), ezek azonban ugyanannak a fajnak az egyedfej­ lődés különböző stádiumában levő alakjai. H alaváts (1888) a szentesi mély­ fúrásból Hydrobia slavonica néven említi, azóta számos alföldi mélyfúrás anya­ gából előkerült (K retzo i —K r o lo pp 1972, Hydrobia sp.) és ugyanez a faj szerepel a kőröshegyi alsópleisztocén-végi faunában is (K r e t z o i—K ro lo pp 1977). Pontos rendszertani besorolása és leírása csak megfelelő összehasonlító anyag beszerzése után válik lehetővé. Ferrissia pleistocaenica n. sp. I. tábla 15—17. Diagnózis:Kis termetű Ferrissia-faj, kiemelkedő, jobbra hajló csúcs­ résszel, a csúcsi résznek a sűrű radiális vonalak megszakadása folytán létrejövő rácsozottságával. Leírás: A héj hátrafelé (a csúcs felé) keskenvedő ellipszis alakú. A csúcsi rész a ház hossztengelyéhez viszonyítva szöget zár be, így a csúcs kissé jobbra mutat. A csúcs széles, tompa, de jelentősen kiemelkedő. A mögötte levő héjrészlet kissé bemélyedt, ami fokozza a csúcs kiemelkedését. A csúcsi részen finom, sűrű radiális vonalak láthatók, amelyeket ezekre merőleges irányú bemélyedések tagolnak úgy, hogy végeredményben igen sűrű, háló­ zatos, rácsos skulptura jön létre. Ez a skulptura a példányok nagyobb részénél a héj koptatottsága miatt alig észlelhető. Méretei (mm-ben): hosszúság szélesség magasság sz/h arány 1. 3,0 1,94 1,17 0,64 (legnagyobb példány) 2 . 2,44 1,61 0,83 0,66 (holotípus) 3. 2,06 1,22 0,72 0,59 A nagyobb héjak szélesebbek (sz/h arányuk 0,60 fölött), a kisebbek álta­ lában keskenyebbek (sz/h arányuk 0,60 alatt). Csak „ancyloid’’ stádiumú pél­ dányai ismeretesek. Stratum typicum: Alsópleisztocén folyóvízi üledéksor apróka­ vicsos— homokos fáciese. 300 K r o l o p p Б . Locus typicus: Szabadhídvég mellett, a Kavicsos-domb kavics­ bányája (Fejér megye). Anyag: A holotípus a Magyar Állami Földtani Intézet Múzeumának típusgyűjteményében (Q 6949), 6 paratípus ugyanitt a negyedkori gyűjte­ ményben (Q 6950), 2 paratípus a Senckenberg Múzeumban (SMF) található. A lelőhelyről összesen mintegy 200 példány került elő. Derivatio nominis: A genus pleisztocén előfordulására utaló név. Megjegyzések: A Ferrissia pleistocaenica igen hasonlít a recens - és újabban a franciaországi felsőpliocénből is közölt (Wa u tiee 1975) — F. wautieri (Mir .) alakhoz. Az általam vizsgált recens példányoktól jobban kiemelkedő és erősebben jobbra tolódott csúcsrésze, tompább csúcsa és háló­ zatos skulpturára bomló csúcskörüli radiális vonalkázottsága különbözteti meg. Az európai faunából az utóbbi években kimutatott F . wautieri őshonos­ ságának kérdéséhez figyelemre méltó adat a genus pleisztocén előfordulása. Eddig ugyanis Európában csak a harmadidőszakból ismertünk Ferrissia-fajo­ kat (Watjtier 1975). A F. pleistocaenica alsópleisztocén előfordulása arra mutat, hogy a recens adatoknak legalábbis egy részét a pleisztocén lehűlés elől Dél-Európába húzódó, majd onnan ismét E felé nyomuló genus képviselőinek ítélhetjük (K rolopp 1969, 1973a). Gastrocopta serotina L ozek I. tábla 14. A fajt mint jellegzetes alsópleisztocén alakot a csehországi Ctineves, a szlovákiai Pelsőc (Plesivec) és az ausztriai Krems mellől közli L ozek (1964b). A Budakalászról előkerült Gastroeopta-faj, melyet L ozek korábban ezzel az alakkal azonosított (Lozek 1964a), kétségtelenül egy másik fajhoz tartozik. Gastrocopta moravica (Petrbo k ) I. tábla 13. A P etrbok (1959) által Vertigo-ként leírt fajnak egyetlen példánya volt ismeretes a csehországi Hlubnáról, a tágabb értelemben vett alsópleisztocénbe sorolt üledékből.
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