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20Nci Yüzyılın Son Yarısında Teknoloji, Ekonomi Ve Siyasi Gelişmeler

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20Nci Yüzyılın Son Yarısında Teknoloji, Ekonomi Ve Siyasi Gelişmeler PROCESSES AND STRATEGIES OF NEW CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC SPACE PATTERNS: LEVENT- BÜYÜKDERE AVENUE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY ESER KÖKEN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN URBAN DESIGN AUGUST 2008 Approval of the thesis: PROCESSES AND STRATEGIES OF CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC SPACE PATTERNS: LEVENT- BÜYÜKDERE AVENUE Submitted by ESER KÖKEN in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in City and Regional Planning Department, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Canan Özgen _____________________ Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Melih Ersoy _____________________ Head of Department, City and Regional Planning Assoc. Prof Dr. Ali Cengizkan _____________________ Supervisor, Architecture Dept., METU Examing Committee Members: Assoc. Prof Dr. Baykan Günay _____________________ City and Regional Planning Dept., METU Assoc. Prof Dr. Ali Cengizkan _____________________ Architecture Dept., METU Assoc. Prof Dr. Güven Arif Sargın _____________________ Architecture Dept., METU Assoc. Prof. M. Adnan Barlas _____________________ City and Regional Planning Dept., METU Dr.Buğra Gökçe _____________________ Ankara Metropolitan Municipality Dept. of Urbanization and Development, City and Regional Planning Dept.,Gazi Uni. Date: 19.08.2008 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Eser Köken Signature : iii ABSTRACT PROCESSES AND STRATEGIES OF CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC SPACE PATTERNS: LEVENT- BÜYÜKDERE AVENUE Köken, Eser M.Sc. in Urban Design, Department of City and Regional Planning Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ali Cengizkan August 2008, 141 pages Since evolution of ―global cities‖ is based on private financial actors forming the global economic network, these cities are confronting not only lifestyle changes, but also architectural and urban transformations. An important urban element produced by cities in the global economic network is the new central business district, which house vertical building forms with high demographic density. As a complex urban element serving for national and international arena as service center of liberal economy and an urban prestige symbol of the city, design and planning process of new central business districts is gaining priority to solve complexity of its structure considering public use. The aim of this study is to explore the physical public space due to be created in the new central business district in İstanbul, which has been developing along the Büyükdere Avenue. Critically concentrating on its design and the planning process and future strategies in a comparative study with other global city examples of iv Paris, Berlin and Singapore, which have been giving specialized priority to the planning phase and future strategies for their new central business district developments, it is aimed to develop a substantial basis for the conceptualization of how the new central business district can be implemented in İstanbul. Keywords: central business district, urban pattern, strategy, public space, İstanbul. v ÖZ YENİ MERKEZİ İŞ ALANI GELİŞMESİNİN SÜREÇ VE STRATEJİLERİ İLE KAMUSAL ALAN DOKUSU: LEVENT- BÜYÜKDERE CADDESİ Köken, Eser Yüksek Lisans, Sehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü - Kentsel Tasarım Tez Yöneticisi: Doç. Dr. Ali Cengizkan Ağustos 2008, 141 sayfa ―Küresel kentler‖in oluşumunun küresel ekonomi ağını oluşturan özel finans aktörlerine bağlı olması, bu şehirlerin sadece yaşam tarzındaki değişikliklerle değil, aynı zamanda mimari ve kentsel dönüşümlerle de karşılaşmasına neden olmuştur. Küresel ekonomi ağına bağlı global kentlerin ürettiği önemli bir kent elemanı dikey bina dokularıyla büyük bir nüfus yoğunluğunu barındıran yeni merkezi iş alanlarıdır. Ulusal ve uluslararası arenada liberal ekonomiye bağlı servis merkezi olarak hizmet veren ve şehrin kentsel prestij sembolü olan karmaşık bir kent parçası olarak yeni merkezi iş alanı, bu yapısıyla kamu kullanımını öngören bir çözüm sağlayabilmek için tasarım ve planlama sürecininin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı İstanbul‘da Büyükdere Caddesi boyunca gelişmekte olan yeni merkezi iş alanı tarafından oluşturulan fiziksel kamu mekanını incelemektir. Çalışma, odak olarak tasarım ve planlama süreci ile gelecek stratejilerini ele alırken, İstanbul‘da yeni bir merkezi iş alanı uygulamasının nasıl vi gerçekleşebileceği kavramı ile ilgili sağlam bir temel hazırlamak için yeni merkezi iş alanı gelişimlerinde özel olarak planlama ve gelecek stratejilerine öncelik veren diğer küresel şehir örnekleri, Paris, Berlin Singapur ile karşılaştırmalı bir inceleme yapmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: merkezi iş alanı, kentsel doku, strateji, kamusal alan, İstanbul. vii To My Parents viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ali Cengizkan for his guidance, advice, criticism, encouragements and insight throughout the research. I would also like to thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. Baykan Günay for his special suggestions, comments and especially for sharing his valuable experiences with me. I also wish to express my thanks to jury members Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adnan Barlas, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Güven Arif Sargın and Dr. Buğra Gökçe for their guidance, advices and encouragements. Finally I would like to thank to my family, my love and my friends not only for their patience on me but also for their sincerely supports and trust on me all my life. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ iv ÖZ ........................................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................................... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................ xiiiii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... xvv CHAPTERS .............................................................................................................. 1 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 2. ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL CITIES ................................ 5 2.1. Construction of the City in the Global Arena ............................................ 5 2.2. A ―Spatial Form of Globalization‖; Central Business District .................. 9 2.2.1. Different terminologies for Central Business District ...................... 11 2.2.2. Construction of the CBD as a Transnational Center ........................ 13 2.2.3. New CBDs in Global Network as Urban Centers ............................ 20 3. AN OVERWIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CBDs AND THEIR URBAN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ......................................................................... 22 3.1. Strategic New CBD Occurrences in Worldwide Region; Paris, Berlin, Singapore cases .................................................................................................. 22 3.1.1. Paris; a long-term CBD development process ................................. 24 3.1.1.1. The selection of location for the new CBD of Paris ................. 25 3.1.1.2. The foundation of the Decision Making Office; EPAD ........... 27 3.1.1.3. The initial decisions of the urban development of La Defense . 27 3.1.1.4. The construction period ............................................................ 29 3.1.1.5. Spectacular public events in the CBD ....................................... 32 x 3.1.1.6. The future plans for La Defense ............................................... 33 3.1.2. Berlin; process of regaining significance in global arena ................ 34 3.1.2.1. The location selection of the future CBD of Berlin .................. 35 3.1.2.2. Berlin‘s Senate of Urban Development Department; a dual power debate over Potsdamer ..................................................................... 37 3.1.2.3. The Redevelopment of Potsdamer Platz; ―Europe‘s largest construction site‖ ........................................................................................ 38 3.1.2.4. Spectacular public events .......................................................... 41 3.1.2.5. Scaling down the dreams of global future ................................ 43 3.1.3. Singapore; a governmental urban renewal ....................................... 44 3.1.3.1. The location selection for the future CBD of Singapore .......... 45 3.1.3.2. Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) .................................. 47 3.1.3.3. Initial Decisions for Redevelopment of the Financial Cores .... 48 3.1.3.4. ―From Central Business District to Downtown‖; Marina Bay . 50 3.1.4. Similarities and Differences of the three CBDs ............................... 55 3.2. The development of Central Business District in Istanbul ...................... 58 3.2.1. Development of three typologies in the rural
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