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South African Defence Review 2012

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South African Defence Review 2012 CONSULTATIVE DRAFT PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK CONSULTATIVE DRAFT Page 2 of 423 CONSULTATIVE DRAFT FOREWORD BY THE MINISTER Foreword: (L.N. SISULU) MINISTER OF DEFENCE AND MILITARY VETERANS CONSULTATIVE DRAFT Page 3 of 423 CONSULTATIVE DRAFT PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK CONSULTATIVE DRAFT Page 4 of 423 CONSULTATIVE DRAFT FOREWORD BY THE CHAIRPERSON Foreword: (R. MEYER) CHAIRPERSON OF THE DEFENCE REVIEW COMMITTEE CONSULTATIVE DRAFT Page 5 of 423 CONSULTATIVE DRAFT PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK CONSULTATIVE DRAFT Page 6 of 423 CONSULTATIVE DRAFT TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE FOREWORD Minister of Defence Chairperson of the Defence Review Committee LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ACRONYMS GLOSSARY OF TERMS (TO BE ADDED) 1 THE DEFENCE REVIEW Introduction Why a new Defence Review? What is the Defence Review? The Perennial Defence Dilemma Developing the Future Defence Policy Overarching Defence Principles 2 THE SOUTH AFRICAN STATE “A DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE’ Introduction Form of Government and Legal System Political System Economic System Geography and Topography People and Society South Africa as a Democratic Developmental State Poverty Income Inequality Unemployment Education Criminality Defence and the Developmental State 3 THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT Introduction Global Security Trends International Relations, Balance of Power and Diplomacy CONSULTATIVE DRAFT Page 7 of 423 CONSULTATIVE DRAFT CHAPTER TITLE PAGE Inter-State Conflict and War Intra-State Conflict Global Competition for Strategic Resources Acts of Terror Weapons of Mass Destruction and other Lethal Weapons Environmental Factors Continental Security Trends Africa’s Natural Resources Armed Competition over Scarce and Strategic Resources Mercenaries and Private Military/Security Companies Poverty, Underdevelopment and Poor Human Security Conflict, Large Scale Population Movement and Migration Health Trans-National Crime Maritime Security Non-State Actors Regional and Domestic Security Trends Endemic Disease Migration and Porous Borders Crime, Syndicated Criminality and Illicit Economy Social Unrest Extremism and the Propensity for Terror Cyber Security Conclusion 4 COMPARATIVE DEFENCE EXPENDITURE Introduction Global Trends in Defence Expenditure Global Defence Expenditure Natural Resources and Defence Expenditure Trends in African Defence Expenditure African Defence Spending Sub-Saharan Africa Defence Expenditure Global Trends in Arms Transfers South African Defence Spending Budget Trends Impact on Defence Capabilities Impact on Readiness Impact on Personnel, Operating and Capital CONSULTATIVE DRAFT Page 8 of 423 CONSULTATIVE DRAFT CHAPTER TITLE PAGE Conclusion 5 DEFENCE AND NATIONAL SECURITY Introduction South African Sovereignty and National Purpose Sovereignty National Purpose National Security Civil Interests and National Interest Civil Interests National Interest National Interest in the Domestic Context National Interest in the Regional Context National Posture and National Security Effects National Security Posture National Security Effects Anticipation Deterrence Prevention Protection Intervention Stabilisation 6 DEFENCE MANDATE, PRINCIPLES, MISSION, GOALS AND TASKS Constitutional Mandate and Statutory Prescripts Defence Posture Effects Based Defence Strategy GOAL 1: DEFEND AND PROTECT SOUTH AFRICA Introduction Key Tenets Task I: Deter and Prevent Conflict Defence Effect The Deterrent Triad Extended Deterrence and Deterrence in Partnership Task 2: Protect National Interests Defence Effect Collaborative Protection Deliberate Protection Task 3: Defend South Africa Defence Effect CONSULTATIVE DRAFT Page 9 of 423 CONSULTATIVE DRAFT CHAPTER TITLE PAGE Preventative Self Defence against Imminent Threats Deliberate Self Defence GOAL 2: SAFEGUARD SOUTH AFRICA Defence Effect Task 4: Safeguard Borders Land Border Air Border Maritime Border Maritime Trade and Piracy Task 5: Safeguard Critical Infrastructure Task 6: Support the Police Service Defence Effect Major Events Cooperation with Specialist Police Task Forces Threats to Civil Order Task 7: Execute Relevant Treaty Obligations Defence Effect International Hydrographic and Nautical Charting Obligations Maritime and Aeronautical Search and Rescue Obligations International Humanitarian Law (IHL) Obligations National Arms Control Obligations Task 8: Ensure Information Security Defence Effect GOAL 3: PROMOTE REGIONAL AND CONTINENTAL PEACE AND SECURITY Introduction Key Tenets Task 9: Promote Strategic Influence Defence Effect Shape the Multilateral Security Agenda Contribute Capacity to Multilateral Security Structures Forge Regional and Continental Partnerships Execute Confidence and Security Building Measures (CSBMs) Pursue Defence Industry Cooperation Develop Relationships Further Afield Defence Diplomacy Strategy CONSULTATIVE DRAFT Page 10 of 423 CONSULTATIVE DRAFT CHAPTER TITLE PAGE Task 10: Contribute to Peace and Stability Defence Effect Intervention under Grave Circumstances Peace Missions and Reconstruction Security Sector Reform Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief in the Region General Military Assistance Missions GOAL 4: ORDERED TASKS Task 11: Ordered Presidential Tasks Presidential Tasks Task 12: Assist Civil Authority as Ordered Defence Effect Support to Civil Authority Anti-Poaching Measures Other Ordered Defence Operations Task 13: Contribute to the Developmental Agenda Defence Effect The Developmental Agenda Defence and Development GOAL 5: DEFENCE OVERSIGHT AND ADMINISTRATION Task 14: Enhance Civil Control Defence Effect Ministerial Oversight Parliamentary Oversight Task 15: Manage Resources Effectively Defence Effect Defence Administration Defence Activities 7 DEFENCE CONCEPTS, CAPABILITIES AND PRINCIPLES The Spectrum of Conflict Future Conflict Geographies Landward Sphere Maritime Sphere Aeronautic Sphere Space Information Sphere Future Conflict Defence Contingencies Inter-State Contingencies Intra-State Contingencies CONSULTATIVE DRAFT Page 11 of 423 CONSULTATIVE DRAFT CHAPTER TITLE PAGE Risk and Impact of Contingencies Strategic Defence Concepts Complex War-Fighting Interoperable Network Enabled Command and Control Intelligence Driven Rapid Reaction Expeditionary Concurrency of Operations of a Campaign Quality Joint, Inter-Agency/Departmental and Multi-National Operations (JI2M) Defence Capabilities Defence Diplomacy Capability Early Warning Capability Command and Control Capability Information Warfare Capability Standing and Surge Military Capability Intervention Capability Landward Defence Capability Air Defence Capability Maritime Defence Capability Military Health Capability Sustainment Capability Defence Balancing Principles 8 LEVEL OF DEFENCE EFFORT INTRODUCTION GOAL 1: DEFEND AND PROTECT SOUTH AFRICA Strategic Intent Task I: Deter and Prevent Conflict Scale of Defence Effort Task 2: Protect National Interests Scale of Defence Effort Task 3: Defend South Africa Concept of Operations Scale of Defence Effort GOAL 2: SAFEGUARD SOUTH AFRICA Strategic Intent Task 4: Safeguard Borders Scale of Defence Effort Task 5: Safeguard Critical Infrastructure Scale of Defence Effort CONSULTATIVE DRAFT Page 12 of 423 CONSULTATIVE DRAFT CHAPTER TITLE PAGE Task 6: Support the Police Service Scale of Defence Effort Task 7: Execute Treaty Obligations International Hydrographic and Nautical Charting Obligations Scale of Defence Effort Maritime and Aeronautical Search and Rescue Obligations Scale of Defence Effort International Humanitarian Law Scale of Defence Effort Arms Control Obligations National Requirement Task 8: Ensure Information Security State Requirement Defence Requirement Scale of Defence Effort GOAL 3: PROMOTE REGIONAL AND CONTINENTAL PEACE AND SECURITY Strategic Intent Task 9: Promote Strategic Influence Scale of Defence Effort Bilateral Partnerships Contiguous States Wider SADC Partnerships beyond SADC Partners Further Afield Bilateral Confidence and Security Building Measures (CSBMs) Multilateral Priorities United Nations African Union Southern African Development Community Task 10: Contribute to Peace and Stability Scale of Defence Effort GOAL 4: ORDERED TASKS Strategic Intent Task 11: Ordered Presidential Tasks Scale of Defence Effort Task 12: Assist Civil Authority as Ordered Scale of Defence Effort CONSULTATIVE DRAFT Page 13 of 423 CONSULTATIVE DRAFT CHAPTER TITLE PAGE Support to Civil Authority Anti-Poaching Measures Task 13: Contribute to the Developmental Agenda Scale of Defence Effort 9 BLUEPRINT FORCE STRUCTURE AND FORCE DESIGN GUIDELINES Force Design and Force Structure Guidelines Definition of Terms Force Design Considerations and Requirements General Force Design Guidelines General Force Design Requirements Specific Requirements South African Army South African Air Force South African Navy South African Military Health Services South African Special Forces Information Warfare Blueprint Defence Force Structure 10 CIVIL CONTROL AND THE FUTURE DEFENCE ORGANISATION The Principle of Civil Control The President and the National Executive Parliament and Parliamentary Committees Parliamentary Committees Currently in Operation Parliamentary Committees not yet in Operation Proposal on Parliamentary Oversight of Defence Matters Establishing a Joint Parliamentary Committee on Defence Defence Policy, Strategy and Plans Defence Budget and Reports of the Auditor General Defence Readiness Defence Operational Commitments Reports of the Defence Service Commission Composition of the Committee Chairperson of the Committee Support to the Committee Meetings of the Committee Access to Defence Information
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