THE LAST SLAVE MARKET: DR JOHN KIRK AND THE STRUGGLE TO END THE EAST AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK

Alastair Hazell | 384 pages | 21 Jun 2012 | Little, Brown Book Group | 9781780336572 | English | London, United Kingdom Witness for the prosecution | The Spectator

Bueni Jumbe bought me and she is very kind and considerate. I trust she will allow me to go to Zanzibar[. Furthermore, by clearly identifying her kinship relation to her uncle, Wamendoa also testifies to the dominant matrilineal descent system that prevailed on Ngazidja. Mrendewa bint Junibauma. She was an old friend of mine. Without knowing what precise term Wamendoa may have used to describe the status of these individuals, the translation suggests that they probably belonged to one of the two categories of slaves warumwa who were natives of Ngazidja. Regarding the indigenous bonded population of the island, some clarification is provided by a man named Shangana bin Mwalimu, who had been an official under Msafumu, but who had defected to the side of Said Ali. Thus, even though these Ngazidjans may not have been considered to be free at home, they were protected from sale by the social contract that obtained among the free-born elite of that island. It was this contractual protection that was shattered by the warfare of the early s. In her deposition 64 , she declares:. I was born at Hansambo near Hsandaa [Itsandra]. I am seventeen years old. I have lived there all my life. For the last three years I have lived alone with my widowed mother. My father, Fundi Baja Wahalii was a maker of native furniture and lamps. He died four years ago. He was Liwali of Hansambo under Moosa Fum. They will belong to me. They are let to free people who pay rent in kind. I am an only child. We were not much troubled by the war for we were well off and the village people are fishermen. One day while she was at prayer the Johanna soldiers of Sayyid Ali came down on the village and seized without warning every girl in the school. My mother and the parents of some of the other girls followed the soldiers crying. My mother begged the soldiers not to ship me as I was her only child and she was old. There were about thirty of us altogether. We girls were placed by ourselves and were all crying. When we left we were all very sick so that we said little to each other. That night a gale came on and we were blown out to sea and some days afterwards we arrived at Mohilla without food or water. The moment they were out of sight, I and four of my companions jumped overboard and waded on shore and ran inland till we came to some woods. Towards evening we met a man who stopped us and asked who we were. We told him the truth and he said he would take us to a friend who would protect us from being retaken. He took us to Doani 66 and gave us over to Sultan Abdullah who was living there in exile. A few days afterwards one of my companions died of fever, the two others are working for their food on the other side of the island as Sultan Abdullah was too poor to feed them. I was too delicate to do field work; the separation from my mother had made me ill. I had been in Mohilla about four months when you [i. Holmwood] came. Sultan Abdullah could not have kept me any longer as he had since rescued some of his own people who had been shipped by Sayyid Ali in a dhow which put in to Mohilla. I wish to go and live with my aunt, but beg that you will write to my mother and if possible bring her to Zanzibar if she still lives. She said she should go to Mtamihuli [Mitsamihuli] 67 where we have relations. Her account reveals her ability to exert personal agency even as a captive, while it also demonstrates the advantage of having been enslaved within a familiar cultural and social context. The kindness shown to her by the unnamed man who helped her and her companions after their escape from the slavers also reinforces the testimony by the free bushmen that they had nothing to fear from the people of Nzwani, as opposed to the king and his cohorts. It further reveals how articulate Africans could be when provided an opportunity to express themselves at some length and without the restrictions of a format into which their testimony was expected to be recorded. In April a slave dhow from Moma, on the Mozambique coast to the south of Angoche, was seized by the Sultan of Nzwani, who was by then seeking to accommodate British antislavery pressure. The slaves now freed are mostly Makuas shipped by a slave dealer residing at Angoxa on the Mozambique coast. The master and owner of the dhow states that he brought them for Dr. Wilson but he subsequently escaped from custody and was brought to Zanzibar The boat carrying them landed at a village called Mashuani, at Umwali, which is undoubtedly the well-protected port of Nioumachoua Nioumachoa, Nyumshuwa, Numa Choa , a walled town on the south coast of Mwali The itinerary of the second boy was more complicated. From somewhere on the Mozambique coast the dhow carrying him and three other captives reached Madagascar Thus two Makua boys from different villages in northern Mozambique found themselves gathered up as shipmates on the south coast of Mwali and eventually as classmates at Kiungani, Zanzibar. Their stories speak directly to the system of slaving and antislavery networks that dominated East African waters at this time and connected the Comoro Islands, Mozambique, Madagascar, and Zanzibar. These foreland islands, as I have described them elsewhere, were not only connected to continental Africa and the wider Indian Ocean world, but also among themselves Competing elites of Ngazidja, who shared a long history of political competition, sought to achieve political and economic dominance by recruiting both Ngazidjan allies and their elite counterparts on the smaller islands of the archipelago, as well as from Zanzibar and Madagascar, in these conflicts. At the same time, British antislavery efforts centered at Zanzibar drew them into these networks. Once France had declared a protectorate over the three remaining Comoro Islands Ngazidja, Nzwani, and Mwali in , the course of Comorian history was certainly altered. One of the beneficiaries of the new imperial regime was none other than Said Ali himself The uncertainties of the first years of French colonial rule further exacerbated this movement, thereby cementing a regional network that endures to the present. Ali , M. Allibert , C. Alpers , E. Falola ed. Bang , A. Blanchy , S. Derat , T. Vernet , M. Clendennen , G. Damir , B. Denis , I. Gevrey , A. Gueunier , N. Horton , M. Madan , A. Martin , J. Monnier , J. Prestholdt , J. Roberts , S. Accessed 3 November Rockel , S. Saleh , I. Seach , J. Accessed 17 May Subrahmanyam , S. Tabibou , I. Tibbetts , G. He lived till so he had to experience the horrors of the 1st World War. Jan 11, Steve rated it really liked it. Quite an important book about a truly horrendous practice still going on fairly late in the nineteenth century. The descriptions of 'raw slaves' being treated like cattle are heartbreaking and Hazell's well researched and detailed analysis of the role of John Kirk, humble botanist and once travelling companion of David Livingstone deserves to be read widely. Sep 22, Felicity rated it it was amazing. Excellently written, a fascinating and important book about an unsung hero. Answers many questions for travellers along the East African coastline. Aug 18, Jyothykumar added it. Quite engrossing esp the stanley-livingstone part. Since I live in Oman, plenty of interesting relevant history. Jan 06, Bruno Noble rated it really liked it. This book has nearly everything — history, religion, commerce, adventure, politics and the psychology of power and influence — and presents it all non-judgmentally in a limpid, unfussy and eminently readable style. The Victorians! This extensively researched and meticulously crafted book was a pleasure to read. Feb 04, Marion Roux rated it it was amazing. A biography that reads like a political intrigue with the ins and outs of the horrors of the slave trade and the interaction of governments and individuals. Set in the 's when , in spite of the British abolition of slavery, the East African slave trade continued unabated. It lasted way longer than the trade on the Western Atlantic seaboard. England saw the problem "as slavery was an established Islamic culture" and "maintaining order in the world was a high priority" and were loathe to rock t A biography that reads like a political intrigue with the ins and outs of the horrors of the slave trade and the interaction of governments and individuals. England saw the problem "as slavery was an established Islamic culture" and "maintaining order in the world was a high priority" and were loathe to rock the boat pun intended. Spending many years in Zanzibar, John Kirk eventually turned out to be the reluctant hero in putting a stop to the slave trade. His encounters with names familiar to us such as Doctor Livingstone, Stanley and Frere are also documented in fair detail. Dec 30, The rated it it was ok. An interesting story, but very repetitive. The writing dragged on about pages too long and could have been much more concisely and captivating. It's a book worth reading, but it should be read in context of other historiographies of the region and the time. A great read and an amazing insight into the the internal power dynamics between the Middle East and the West. Surprised that even the Al Nahyan family of the UAE are mentioned in the book as visitors of this island for trade. Sep 08, John Mwangi rated it it was amazing. This book has been my best read so far, wouldn't mind a second reading. Jan 19, Erick Njenga rated it it was amazing. Great book with a rather ominous ending. Jul 31, Kitty Red-Eye rated it liked it Shelves: africa , mid- east-and-beyond , history , slavery , nonfiction , seas-oceans-rivers , travel. A story I've never heard before, very interesting and well-researched. Every third or so chapter is really good and reads easily. It's also nice nice? Yet I had to force myself through this book and I'm not entirely sure why. Usually I really like this kind of books. Maybe it's the author's style which doesn't entirely agree with me. No idea. It just w A story I've never heard before, very interesting and well-researched. It just wasn't quite the page-turner this genre usually is to me. The 'hero' of this study seems at times disturbingly phlegmatic but one way or another slavery is reduced in his neck of the Empire-pinkened globe and watching the process is informative. Sam Brindle rated it liked it Oct 29, Deborah Gilbody rated it really liked it Jan 17, Stub rated it really liked it Nov 06, Mr Michael M Speakman rated it really liked it Nov 10, Kirk never campaigned — in fact he hardly took sides. He just listened, noted and learned. If I mention that it was common practice for slavers, before mooring off Zanzibar, to throw into the sea slaves too sick to defray the customs duty levied per head, you will have a flavour of the horrors Hazell describes. From afar, Livingstone occasionally fronted forays, but Kirk knew his old boss too well to expect more. Obsessive, clumsy, blundering, cruel, surly, uncommunicative, obstinate, paranoid — but to his very core a driven man — Livingstone lost the respect of every European who ever associated with him, except the loyal Kirk. But Kirk cared little for glory. He was sweating it out on the African coast, visiting slave markets, tracking slave caravans and dhows, an apparently impartial witness to scenes of open, long-standing and systematic human brutality on so massive a scale that you will struggle to believe this was tolerated almost into our own time — and awaiting his moment. His moment came and this inspires me courtesy of democracy: British voters were stirred to action — as their leaders had not been — by the accounts they read. Sir Bartle Frere, a fine orator and in at least the political sense man of action, capitalised on public indignation and persuaded the Foreign Secretary to let him lead a mission to bring Zanzibar to heel. John Kirk (explorer) - Wikipedia

What is interesting about all three statements is that they do not appear to follow any explicit or implicit question and answer format, although as always translation clearly is an issue Mlamali begins by stating:. I was born at Mroni, both my parents were free people. They removed to Bajini [Mbadjini], on the other side of the island when I was quite young. I have always resided in this district. Sheikh Hashim has been the chief for many years. His business was to ship the Makuas when the Frenchmen arrived. The Makua slaves came across the mountain [Karthala] from Mroni. No Comoro people were ever sold to the French. About three years since Sultan Abdullah of Mroni refused to send any more slaves for shipment, Sheikh Hashim quarreled with him in consequence, and joined Sayyid [sic] Ali when he landed in the country. I heard that Sayyid Ali was also shipping all the people he could lay his hands on. Many of the Comoros people thus seized by Sheikh Hashim were sold to the French, but when there was no Frenchman at the port they were shipped to Johanna. Many of my friends were exported in this way, principally to Mayotte. I was kidnapped together with four companions at the end of the last Ramazan Aug. They were slaves. There were many slaves in this vessel. All of us were brought on board with ropes but these were cut when we got on board. My companions were sold at Mohilla and taken to Mayotte. I was purchased by a Madagascar man. She sent me to Dr. She had four other newly arrived Comoro people whom he had purchased. I had known them by sight in our own country. During the three months I have been working in Johanna I have been treated with great kindness and both myself and my companions have as much food as we can eat and good clothing. I wish to return to Dr. Every day people pass through our estate with young Comoro children for sale; they are difficult to dispose of owing to the reports about the new treaty Wilson has explained it to his people, but the Johanna men say there is to be no change. He has given them work and when the King sent to order them away, he turned the policemen off his estate. She was lying at anchor in the harbour. It also reveals the readiness of the ruling elites of both Ngazidja and Nzwani to subject their free subjects to enslavement in the guise of free labor. His testimony is a powerful indication of the apprehension apparently felt by those who had been victimized by the slave trade at the idea of returning to the site of their initial captivity. More generally, it stands as vivid testimony to the collapse of society in Ngazidja. Indeed, it was this period of crisis that precipitated the wholesale emigration of Comorians from Ngazidja to Zanzibar She begins her testimony by declaring:. I am a free woman of Shujini [Ntsudjini] near Itsandra. His name is Abudu wadi Saud. Many were taken by him and sent to King Abdullah [of Nzwani], but I was retained with several companions by the soldiers and sent for sale to Johanna. Bueni Jumbe bought me and she is very kind and considerate. I trust she will allow me to go to Zanzibar[. Furthermore, by clearly identifying her kinship relation to her uncle, Wamendoa also testifies to the dominant matrilineal descent system that prevailed on Ngazidja. Mrendewa bint Junibauma. She was an old friend of mine. Without knowing what precise term Wamendoa may have used to describe the status of these individuals, the translation suggests that they probably belonged to one of the two categories of slaves warumwa who were natives of Ngazidja. Regarding the indigenous bonded population of the island, some clarification is provided by a man named Shangana bin Mwalimu, who had been an official under Msafumu, but who had defected to the side of Said Ali. Thus, even though these Ngazidjans may not have been considered to be free at home, they were protected from sale by the social contract that obtained among the free-born elite of that island. It was this contractual protection that was shattered by the warfare of the early s. In her deposition 64 , she declares:. I was born at Hansambo near Hsandaa [Itsandra]. I am seventeen years old. I have lived there all my life. For the last three years I have lived alone with my widowed mother. My father, Fundi Baja Wahalii was a maker of native furniture and lamps. He died four years ago. He was Liwali of Hansambo under Moosa Fum. They will belong to me. They are let to free people who pay rent in kind. I am an only child. We were not much troubled by the war for we were well off and the village people are fishermen. One day while she was at prayer the Johanna soldiers of Sayyid Ali came down on the village and seized without warning every girl in the school. My mother and the parents of some of the other girls followed the soldiers crying. My mother begged the soldiers not to ship me as I was her only child and she was old. There were about thirty of us altogether. We girls were placed by ourselves and were all crying. When we left we were all very sick so that we said little to each other. That night a gale came on and we were blown out to sea and some days afterwards we arrived at Mohilla without food or water. The moment they were out of sight, I and four of my companions jumped overboard and waded on shore and ran inland till we came to some woods. Towards evening we met a man who stopped us and asked who we were. We told him the truth and he said he would take us to a friend who would protect us from being retaken. He took us to Doani 66 and gave us over to Sultan Abdullah who was living there in exile. A few days afterwards one of my companions died of fever, the two others are working for their food on the other side of the island as Sultan Abdullah was too poor to feed them. I was too delicate to do field work; the separation from my mother had made me ill. I had been in Mohilla about four months when you [i. Holmwood] came. Sultan Abdullah could not have kept me any longer as he had since rescued some of his own people who had been shipped by Sayyid Ali in a dhow which put in to Mohilla. I wish to go and live with my aunt, but beg that you will write to my mother and if possible bring her to Zanzibar if she still lives. She said she should go to Mtamihuli [Mitsamihuli] 67 where we have relations. Her account reveals her ability to exert personal agency even as a captive, while it also demonstrates the advantage of having been enslaved within a familiar cultural and social context. The kindness shown to her by the unnamed man who helped her and her companions after their escape from the slavers also reinforces the testimony by the free bushmen that they had nothing to fear from the people of Nzwani, as opposed to the king and his cohorts. It further reveals how articulate Africans could be when provided an opportunity to express themselves at some length and without the restrictions of a format into which their testimony was expected to be recorded. In April a slave dhow from Moma, on the Mozambique coast to the south of Angoche, was seized by the Sultan of Nzwani, who was by then seeking to accommodate British antislavery pressure. The slaves now freed are mostly Makuas shipped by a slave dealer residing at Angoxa on the Mozambique coast. The master and owner of the dhow states that he brought them for Dr. Wilson but he subsequently escaped from custody and was brought to Zanzibar The boat carrying them landed at a village called Mashuani, at Umwali, which is undoubtedly the well-protected port of Nioumachoua Nioumachoa, Nyumshuwa, Numa Choa , a walled town on the south coast of Mwali The itinerary of the second boy was more complicated. However, the book was not as spellbinding as the earlier reviewers had said on the book cover. It was informative and my interest was because of those places mentioned as well as considerable time spent talking about Zanzibar, a place I have also been in. I had heard of the central character, John Kirk, and have a slide o The book starts with the author on the shores of Lake Malawi near Cape Maclear and ends in Lamu--both places in Africa I have spend considerable time at and both places I love. I had heard of the central character, John Kirk, and have a slide of a plaque mentioning his name and other great African explorers of the 18th century and the greatest slaver--Tippu Tip. I did not realize that after the east coast African slaves left the slave depot of Zanzibar, that their slave boats last destination before the Arabian Gulf and Oman was the Swahili town of Lamu in East Africa, the northern most town in modern-day Kenya. I have been going to Lamu since my first time in I have a number of friends in Lamu, especially Sheikh Ahmed Badawy, who claims that his family brought the Koran to Lamu and the festival of the Prophet's birthday--the Maulidi. I had the pleasure of witnessing the Maulidi in and recording it both on tape and slides. In , my Kenyan family and I stayed in a traditional Swahili house in Shela next to Lamu for a couple of months. I don't know if it was the malaria prophylaxis that we were taking, but had weird dreams about the house, and we all thought the place was haunted. My Kenyan wife attributed this to "bad spirits" which initially I thought was a load of hooey. But, in talking to the Swahili gal who managed the house, it turns out that the house had been the home of a famous slaver in this area. Maybe that's where the bad spirits were coming from. Nov 12, Anne Chappel rated it it was amazing. An book of outstanding research and good writing. I loved it and am about to re-read it. I would have liked to have more of his wife, Nelly's diary entries. What a brave couple they were, at such a time in the history of the Scramble for Africa. Anyone who is interested in African history should read this book. He brings to light the story of John Kirk, a botanist, doctor and a good man. I was interested to read the end where he does not get offered another posting. He lived till so he had An book of outstanding research and good writing. He lived till so he had to experience the horrors of the 1st World War. Jan 11, Steve rated it really liked it. Quite an important book about a truly horrendous practice still going on fairly late in the nineteenth century. The descriptions of 'raw slaves' being treated like cattle are heartbreaking and Hazell's well researched and detailed analysis of the role of John Kirk, humble botanist and once travelling companion of David Livingstone deserves to be read widely. Sep 22, Felicity rated it it was amazing. Excellently written, a fascinating and important book about an unsung hero. Answers many questions for travellers along the East African coastline. Aug 18, Jyothykumar added it. Quite engrossing esp the stanley-livingstone part. Since I live in Oman, plenty of interesting relevant history. Jan 06, Bruno Noble rated it really liked it. This book has nearly everything — history, religion, commerce, adventure, politics and the psychology of power and influence — and presents it all non-judgmentally in a limpid, unfussy and eminently readable style. The Victorians! This extensively researched and meticulously crafted book was a pleasure to read. Feb 04, Marion Roux rated it it was amazing. A biography that reads like a political intrigue with the ins and outs of the horrors of the slave trade and the interaction of governments and individuals. Set in the 's when , in spite of the British abolition of slavery, the East African slave trade continued unabated. It lasted way longer than the trade on the Western Atlantic seaboard. England saw the problem "as slavery was an established Islamic culture" and "maintaining order in the world was a high priority" and were loathe to rock t A biography that reads like a political intrigue with the ins and outs of the horrors of the slave trade and the interaction of governments and individuals. England saw the problem "as slavery was an established Islamic culture" and "maintaining order in the world was a high priority" and were loathe to rock the boat pun intended. Spending many years in Zanzibar, John Kirk eventually turned out to be the reluctant hero in putting a stop to the slave trade. His encounters with names familiar to us such as Doctor Livingstone, Stanley and Frere are also documented in fair detail. Dec 30, The rated it it was ok. An interesting story, but very repetitive. The writing dragged on about pages too long and could have been much more concisely and captivating. He was a keen botanist throughout his life and published many papers from his findings in East Africa. He introduced a very distinct and pretty species of orchid to the United Kingdom, subsequently named Angraecum scottianum. Gossypioides kirkii , a new species of cotton from East Tropical Africa [16] , Ochna kirkii , an evergreen shrub, and Uapaca kirkiana , a miombo woodland tree of southern Africa, [17] were named after him. He studied the wildlife in East Africa and published many papers. He collected many birds from Zanzibar and East Africa. He collected many specimens of Lake Malawi fish on the Zambezi expedition. According to sources, [21] Kirk first drew zoologists' attention to the Zanzibar red colobus, [22] which is also commonly known as Kirk's red colobus. This species, Procolobus kirkii , which is endemic to Zanzibar, is named after him. Also, a species of African lizard, Agama kirkii , is named in his honour, [23] as is a species of African amphibian, Kirk's caecilian Scolecomorphus kirkii [24] and the fish Kirk's blenny Alticus kirkii. He died on 15 January aged 89, and was buried in St. Nicholas' churchyard in Sevenoaks , Kent, England. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. British physician, naturalist and administrator. The standard author abbreviation J. Kirk is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name. Historical Dictionary of Malawi. The Last Slave Market by Alastair Hazell | Waterstones

Ngazidja] both free and slave is being carried on through Seyd Ali for the French planters, and Frenchmen are named as actively engaged in this traffic When Holmwood arrived at the capital of Mwali the same day:. I found here several newly imported Comoro people who had arrived in dhows dispatched from Moroni by Sayyid Ali, and I brought away with me as evidence a freeborn girl whom I had found had relatives, respectable trades people, in Zanzibar. She had been seized together with all her schoolfellows while attending the school in her village by the Johanna mercenaries of Sayyid Ali who had shipped them on board a dhow which they had in waiting, regardless of the entreaties of their parents who followed them to the beach In view of what Holmwood had discovered, it comes as no surprise that he was convinced that the rumors which had been reaching Zanzibar for the past year about the burgeoning slave trade under Said Ali were proven to be true beyond a doubt. He also considered this commerce to lie at the root of. Among the numerous testimonies that Holmwood collected in , the originals of which are located in the Zanzibar National Archives, three are particularly valuable both because they are significantly longer than most re-captive narratives and for what they reveal about conditions in the Comoros in the very last days of the illegal slave trade. What is interesting about all three statements is that they do not appear to follow any explicit or implicit question and answer format, although as always translation clearly is an issue Mlamali begins by stating:. I was born at Mroni, both my parents were free people. They removed to Bajini [Mbadjini], on the other side of the island when I was quite young. I have always resided in this district. Sheikh Hashim has been the chief for many years. His business was to ship the Makuas when the Frenchmen arrived. The Makua slaves came across the mountain [Karthala] from Mroni. No Comoro people were ever sold to the French. About three years since Sultan Abdullah of Mroni refused to send any more slaves for shipment, Sheikh Hashim quarreled with him in consequence, and joined Sayyid [sic] Ali when he landed in the country. I heard that Sayyid Ali was also shipping all the people he could lay his hands on. Many of the Comoros people thus seized by Sheikh Hashim were sold to the French, but when there was no Frenchman at the port they were shipped to Johanna. Many of my friends were exported in this way, principally to Mayotte. I was kidnapped together with four companions at the end of the last Ramazan Aug. They were slaves. There were many slaves in this vessel. All of us were brought on board with ropes but these were cut when we got on board. My companions were sold at Mohilla and taken to Mayotte. I was purchased by a Madagascar man. She sent me to Dr. She had four other newly arrived Comoro people whom he had purchased. I had known them by sight in our own country. During the three months I have been working in Johanna I have been treated with great kindness and both myself and my companions have as much food as we can eat and good clothing. I wish to return to Dr. Every day people pass through our estate with young Comoro children for sale; they are difficult to dispose of owing to the reports about the new treaty Wilson has explained it to his people, but the Johanna men say there is to be no change. He has given them work and when the King sent to order them away, he turned the policemen off his estate. She was lying at anchor in the harbour. It also reveals the readiness of the ruling elites of both Ngazidja and Nzwani to subject their free subjects to enslavement in the guise of free labor. His testimony is a powerful indication of the apprehension apparently felt by those who had been victimized by the slave trade at the idea of returning to the site of their initial captivity. More generally, it stands as vivid testimony to the collapse of society in Ngazidja. Indeed, it was this period of crisis that precipitated the wholesale emigration of Comorians from Ngazidja to Zanzibar She begins her testimony by declaring:. I am a free woman of Shujini [Ntsudjini] near Itsandra. His name is Abudu wadi Saud. Many were taken by him and sent to King Abdullah [of Nzwani], but I was retained with several companions by the soldiers and sent for sale to Johanna. Bueni Jumbe bought me and she is very kind and considerate. I trust she will allow me to go to Zanzibar[. Furthermore, by clearly identifying her kinship relation to her uncle, Wamendoa also testifies to the dominant matrilineal descent system that prevailed on Ngazidja. Mrendewa bint Junibauma. She was an old friend of mine. Without knowing what precise term Wamendoa may have used to describe the status of these individuals, the translation suggests that they probably belonged to one of the two categories of slaves warumwa who were natives of Ngazidja. Regarding the indigenous bonded population of the island, some clarification is provided by a man named Shangana bin Mwalimu, who had been an official under Msafumu, but who had defected to the side of Said Ali. Thus, even though these Ngazidjans may not have been considered to be free at home, they were protected from sale by the social contract that obtained among the free-born elite of that island. It was this contractual protection that was shattered by the warfare of the early s. In her deposition 64 , she declares:. I was born at Hansambo near Hsandaa [Itsandra]. I am seventeen years old. I have lived there all my life. For the last three years I have lived alone with my widowed mother. My father, Fundi Baja Wahalii was a maker of native furniture and lamps. He died four years ago. He was Liwali of Hansambo under Moosa Fum. They will belong to me. They are let to free people who pay rent in kind. I am an only child. We were not much troubled by the war for we were well off and the village people are fishermen. One day while she was at prayer the Johanna soldiers of Sayyid Ali came down on the village and seized without warning every girl in the school. My mother and the parents of some of the other girls followed the soldiers crying. My mother begged the soldiers not to ship me as I was her only child and she was old. There were about thirty of us altogether. We girls were placed by ourselves and were all crying. When we left we were all very sick so that we said little to each other. That night a gale came on and we were blown out to sea and some days afterwards we arrived at Mohilla without food or water. The moment they were out of sight, I and four of my companions jumped overboard and waded on shore and ran inland till we came to some woods. Towards evening we met a man who stopped us and asked who we were. We told him the truth and he said he would take us to a friend who would protect us from being retaken. He took us to Doani 66 and gave us over to Sultan Abdullah who was living there in exile. A few days afterwards one of my companions died of fever, the two others are working for their food on the other side of the island as Sultan Abdullah was too poor to feed them. I was too delicate to do field work; the separation from my mother had made me ill. I had been in Mohilla about four months when you [i. Holmwood] came. Sultan Abdullah could not have kept me any longer as he had since rescued some of his own people who had been shipped by Sayyid Ali in a dhow which put in to Mohilla. I wish to go and live with my aunt, but beg that you will write to my mother and if possible bring her to Zanzibar if she still lives. She said she should go to Mtamihuli [Mitsamihuli] 67 where we have relations. Her account reveals her ability to exert personal agency even as a captive, while it also demonstrates the advantage of having been enslaved within a familiar cultural and social context. The kindness shown to her by the unnamed man who helped her and her companions after their escape from the slavers also reinforces the testimony by the free bushmen that they had nothing to fear from the people of Nzwani, as opposed to the king and his cohorts. The lecture was interesting, but can you ask the speakers to stand still, or put a second microphone in the speaking area. We keep missing parts of the lecture as the speaker walks around. Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Video Audio. Search for:. Download media file. David Van Reybrouck. Joyce Tyldesley. The Egyptian Myths. Garry J. British Capitalism and British Slavery. Eric Williams. Lords of the Horizons. Jason Goodwin. Saul David. Hardback edition. Comment 0. Your review has been submitted successfully. Not registered? Remember me? Forgotten password Please enter your email address below and we'll send you a link to reset your password. Not you? Reset password. Download Now Dismiss. Simply reserve online and pay at the counter when you collect. Available in shop from just two hours, subject to availability. Your order is now being processed and we have sent a confirmation email to you at. This item can be requested from the shops shown below. If this item isn't available to be reserved nearby, add the item to your basket instead and select 'Deliver to my local shop' at the checkout, to be able to collect it from there at a later date. Preferred contact method Email Text message.

Nineteenth-Century Arab Trade: the Growth of a Commercial Empire | SpringerLink

Although slave trading had been suppressed elsewhere in the world, in East Africa it prospered with the connivance of the British authorities in India. Kirk was a pragmatist, and through a mixture of guile and perseverance, he finally contrived a way to shut down the slave market. Alastair Hazell spent his early childhood in Scotland before going to Nyasaland later Malawi where he grew up during the early s. Following university, Alastair spent ten years living and travelling in East and Central Africa, before taking up a career in financial information in London. He retired in and began the research that resulted in his first book, The Last Slave Market. Africa , Alastair Hazell , slave trade , Zanzibar. The lecture was interesting, but can you ask the speakers to stand still, or put a second microphone in the speaking area. This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. Alpers, E. Google Scholar. Ogot and J. Kieran EAPH, Austen, R. Beachey, R. Bennett, N. Berg, F. Clayton, A. Collister, P. Cooper, F. Coupland, R. Fitzgerald, W. Gavin, R. Half a century after the abolition of slavery in Britain, slave traffi cking persisted on Africa's east coast, apparently tolerated and even connived with by parts of the British Empire in the Indian Ocean. Kirk, appointed as medical officer to the British Consulate in Zanzibar, could do nothing. This extraordinary and controversial book brings Kirk's years in Zanzibar to life. The horrors of the overland passage from the interior, and the Zanzibar slave market itself, are vividly described, together with Kirk's final, bitter conflict with Livingstone, who blamed Kirk for his own failings. But it was Kirk's success in closing down the slave trade on the island which made him famous across the world. Using private diaries and papers, a long forgotten Victorian hero and an extraordinary chapter in British history are revived in detail. I live in Jamaica, and have read widely about the Slave Masters, Great Houses, and the "Atlantic Trade" It was astounding to me to learn that the trade continued In Zanzibar into the 's. Please sign in to write a review. If you have changed your email address then contact us and we will update your details. Would you like to proceed to the App store to download the Waterstones App? We have recently updated our Privacy Policy. The site uses cookies to offer you a better experience. By continuing to browse the site you accept our Cookie Policy, you can change your settings at any time. In stock Usually dispatched within 24 hours. Quantity Add to basket. This item has been added to your basket View basket Checkout. Your local Waterstones may have stock of this item. View other formats and editions. This is a humdinger of a tale. You might have thought that journeys into the heart of the Dark Continent with David Livingstone, Henry Morton Stanley and the likes of Richard Burton had already inspired so vast and breathless a literature that there were few surprises left to report. But that's the miracle of this story. Alastair Hazell's genius has been to plough through the huge and well-documented archive, follow his nose, and tell a tale from an entirely new perspective: the life of Dr John Kirk, an early companion to Dr Livingstone, and afterwards a humble Scottish medical officer and Acting British Consul in Zanzibar. In doing so he turns several accounts on their heads, rectifies a seriously skewed picture, rescues a reputation - and on every page enthralls his readers. The place's exotic, murky history is well evoked.

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