DOCSLIB.ORG

A Review of the Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of the Genus Santolina

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Review of the Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of the Genus Santolina Reviews A Review of the Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of the Genus Santolina Authors Rosa Tundis, Monica Rosa Loizzo Affiliation Correspondence Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Prof. Rosa Tundis University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria Key words Via P. Bucci – Edificio polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy Santolina, Asteraceae, ethnobotany, phytochemicals, Phone:+39984493246,Fax:+3998449310774 biological activities [email protected] received November 15, 2017 ABSTRACT revised February 5, 2018 The genus Santolina is a taxonomically complex group of plant accepted February 16, 2018 species widely distributed in the Mediterranean flora and used Bibliography in traditional medicine since ancient times for their biological DOI https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0585-6153 properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti- Published online March 8, 2018 | Planta Med 2018; 84: 627– spasmodic, digestive, and analgesic activities. Phytochemical 637 © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York | investigations of Santolina species have revealed the presence ISSN 0032‑0943 of terpenoids as the main bioactive constituents of the genus. Coumarins and flavonoids were also identified. This review deals, for the first time, with information on the traditional uses, chemical profile, and biological properties of plants of the genus Santolina in order to provide input for future re- search prospects. tolina africana Jord. & Fourr., Santolina benthamiana Jord. & Fourr., ABBREVIATIONS Santolina canescens Lag., Santolina chamaecyparissus L., Santolina GPT glutamate pyruvate transaminase corsica Jord. & Fourr., Santolina decumbens Mill., Santolina elegans HD hydrodistillation Boiss. ex DC., Santolina etrusca (Lacaita) Marchi & DʼAmato, Santo- HSV-1 herpes simplex type 1 lina insularis (Gennari ex Fiori) Arrigoni, Santolina magonica Romo, HSV-2 herpes simplex type 2 Santolina melidensis Rodr.Oubiña & S.Ortiz, Santolina neapolitana MIC minimum inhibitory concentration Jord. & Fourr., Santolina oblongifolia Boiss., Santolina pectinata This document was downloaded for personal use only. Unauthorized distribution is strictly prohibited. MPLC medium-pressure liquid chromatography Lag., Santolina pinnata Viv., Santolina rosmarinifolia L., Santolina NF-κB nuclear factor-kappa B semidentata Hoffmanns. & Link, Santolina tincloria “Molina”, San- PLA1 phospholipase A1 tolina villosa Mill., and Santolina virens Mill.). It is a taxonomically PLA2 phospholipase A2 complex genus consisting of plant species whose classification SFE supercritical fluid extraction has been revised several times. S. chamaecyparissus L., S. pectinata Lag., and Santolina viridis W. are the most widespread [1]. With increasing interest in bioactive secondary metabolites from Santolina spp., several studies related Introduction to the investigation of the phytochemical composition and bio- logical properties of species from this genus have been carried The Santolina genus (family Asteraceae, tribe Anthemideae) com- out. In recent decades, phytochemical studies have discovered prises species widely distributed in the Mediterranean area. The the presence of terpenoids, particularly eudesmane and germa- Plant List includes 103 scientific plant names of species of this ge- crane sesquiterpenoids, chrysanthemane monoterpenoids [2,3], nus. However, of these, only 20 are accepted species names (San- dammarane-type triterpenes [4], flavonoids [5,6], and coumarins Tundis R, Loizzo MR. A Review of … Planta Med 2018; 84: 627–637 627 Reviews ▶ Table 1 Ethnomedicinal uses of Santolina species. Santolina species Local name Traditional uses Part used Country Ref. S. chamaecyparissus lavender cotton, gray san- antispasmodic, digestive, analgesic, inflorescence Mediterranean [11–14] tolina anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, stimulant, area, India and antimicrobial; to treat dermatitis S. chamaecyparissus manzanilla, manzanilla de to treat ophthalmological problems, inflorescence Spain [15,16] subsp. squarrosa monte, manzanilla basta, headache, belly pain, stomach problems, manzanilla de burro and as digestive and depurative S. corsica crespolina di Corsica intestinal vermifuge, parasite repellent inflorescence Italy [19, 20] S. etrusca canfora antiparasitic aerial parts Italy [21] S. insularis crespolina maggiore, san- vermifuge and to repel insects inflorescence Italy [19] tolina, crespolina sarda S. insularis crespolina insulare sedative, febrifuge, and antitussive leaves Italy [18] S. neapolitana green santolina, crespolina cough suppressant aerial parts Italy [17] napoletana S. oblongifolia manzanilla de Gredos anti-inflammatory and digestive inflorescence Spain [7] S. rosmarinifolia green lavender cotton antipyretic, antihypertensive, hepato- flower heads Spain [22,26] protective, and anti-inflammatory [6, 7] in plant species of this genus. The literature data revealed Traditional Uses that Santolina species show various biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, For a long time, several plant species have been used for medicinal and hepatoprotective effects [2, 5, 8–11]. purposes. Among Santolina species, S. chamaecyparissus, S. etrus- The aim of this review is to provide a complete overview of ex- ca, S. insularis, S. neapolitana,andS. oblongifolia have been re- isting knowledge on the traditional uses, chemical constituents, ported in traditional medicine. A summary of their traditional and biological properties of plant species from the Santolina ge- use is presented in ▶ Table 1. S. chamaecyparissus has been in- nus. serted in the Ayurvedic system of medicine in India for the treat- The available information on this genus was collected from sci- ment of liver diseases. Moreover, the yellow inflorescences of entific databases up until November 2017. The following elec- S. chamaecyparissus are widely used in Mediterranean traditional tronic databases were used: PubMed, SciFinder, Science Direct, medicine for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley, ACS, Springer, and Google Scholar. antiseptic, and antimicrobial properties [11, 12]. Moreover, this The search terms used for this review included Santolina, Santolina plant, commonly called “lavender cotton” or “gray santolina”,is chamaecyparissus, Santolina insularis, Santolina corsica, Santolina employed for the treatment of numerous kinds of dermatitis, as oblongifolia, Santolina canescens, Santolina neapolitana, Santolina a stimulant, and as a stomachic [13,14]. In the traditional medi- pinnata, Santolina pectinata, Santolina rosmarinifolia, Santolina cine of Spain, S. chamaecyparissus subsp. squarrosa wasusedasa etrusca, Santolina semidentata, Santolina tincloria, Santolina villosa, substitute for Artemisia granatensis, “manzanilla real”, for the Santolina virens, phytochemical composition, essential oils, ses- treatment of ophthalmological problems, headache, belly pain, quiterpenes, phenols, flavonoids, coumarins, traditional uses, ac- stomach problems, and as a digestive and depurative [15, 16]. tivity, pharmacology, and toxicity. No limitations were set for lan- This species is locally named “manzanilla de monte”, “manzanilla guages. “The Plant List” (www.theplantlist.org) was used to val- basta”,and“manzanilla de burro” [16]. This document was downloaded for personal use only. Unauthorized distribution is strictly prohibited. idate the scientific names of the Santolina species. Seventy-five Savo et al. [17] reported the use of S. neapolitana (= S. pinnata potentially relevant records were found, from which seven were subsp. neapolitana) against cough in the Amalfi Coast (Campania, excluded after screening the titles or abstracts. Southern Italy). A decoction of the leaves of S. insularis, known in From the available literature, two species, namely, S. chamae- Italy as “crespolina maggiore”, has been used as a sedative, febri- cyparissus and S. insularis, have been the most investigated. S. cor- fuge, and antitussive [18]. The whole plant was used as an intesti- sica, S. oblongifolia, S. canescens, S. rosmarinifolia,andS. etrusca nal vermifuge against horse strongyloidiasis and as a parasite re- have also been phytochemically and biologically studied. S. pecti- pellent [19, 20]. Another Santolina species used in Italy as an intes- nata and S. semidentata were investigated for the chemical com- tinal vermifuge and parasite repellent is S. corsica [19,20]. S. etrus- position of their essential oil, but no biological studies were de- ca (“canfora”) is known in Italy for its traditional uses. This is an scribed. endemic species growing in the gravel beds of rivers, clayey, and Critical evaluation of biological studies in terms of their rela- arid hills, and is found exclusively in Central Italy, particularly in tion to the chemical profile is highlighted. Available information Northern Latium, Tuscany, and Umbria. Its antiparasitic activity on these species allows us to provide the scientific basis for future has been reported [21]. In the traditional medicine of Spain, S. ob- research studies and to explore their potential therapeutic use. longifolia, known as “manzanilla de Gredos”, is used as a digestive 628 Tundis R, Loizzo MR. A Review of … Planta Med 2018; 84: 627–637 ▶ Table 2 ThemainvolatilesoftheessentialoilsfromSantolina species. Plant species Country Main compounds Reference S. africana Algeria
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SALT TOLERANT PLANTS Recommended for Pender County Landscapes
    North Carolina Cooperative Extension NC STATE UNIVERSITY SALT TOLERANT PLANTS Recommended for Pender County Landscapes Pender County Cooperative Extension Urban Horticulture Leaflet 14 Coastal Challenges Plants growing at the beach are subjected to environmental conditions much different than those planted further inland. Factors such as blowing sand, poor soils, high temperatures, and excessive drainage all influence how well plants perform in coastal landscapes, though the most significant effect on growth is salt spray. Most plants will not tolerate salt accumulating on their foliage, making plant selection for beachfront land- scapes particularly challenging. Salt Spray Salt spray is created when waves break on the beach, throwing tiny droplets of salty water into the air. On-shore breezes blow this salt laden air landward where it comes in contact with plant foliage. The amount of salt spray plants receive varies depending on their proximity to the beachfront, creating different vegetation zones as one gets further away from the beachfront. The most salt-tolerant species surviving in the frontal dune area. As distance away from the ocean increases, the level of salt spray decreases, allowing plants with less salt tolerance to survive. Natural Protection The impact of salt spray on plants can be lessened by physically blocking salt laden winds. This occurs naturally in the maritime forest, where beachfront plants protect landward species by creating a layer of foliage that blocks salt spray. It is easy to see this effect on the ocean side of maritime forest plants, which are “sheared” by salt spray, causing them to grow at a slant away from the oceanfront.
    [Show full text]
  • Mining the Essential Oils of the Anthemideae
    International Scholars Journals Global Journal of Plant and Soil Sciences Vol. 4 (2), pp. 001-015, February, 2020. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. Review Mining the essential oils of the Anthemideae Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Ikenobe, 2393, Kagawa-ken, 761-0795, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]; Telfax: +81 (0)87 898 8909. Accepted 21 November, 2019 Numerous members of the Anthemideae are important cut-flower and ornamental crops, as well as medicinal and aromatic plants, many of which produce essential oils used in folk and modern medicine, the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. These oils and compounds contained within them are used in the pharmaceutical, flavour and fragrance industries. Moreover, as people search for alternative and herbal forms of medicine and relaxation (such as aromatherapy), and provided that there are no suitable synthetic substitutes for many of the compounds or difficulty in profiling and mimicking complex compound mixtures in the volatile oils, the original plant extracts will continue to be used long into the future. This review highlights the importance of secondary metabolites and essential oils from principal members of this tribe, their global social, medicinal and economic relevance and potential. Key words: Apoptosis, artemisinin, chamomile, essential oil, feverfew, pyrethrin, tansy. THE ANTHEMIDAE Chrysanthemum (Compositae or Asteraceae family, Mottenohoka) containing antioxidant properties and are a subfamily Asteroideae, order Asterales, subclass popular food in Yamagata, Japan. Asteridae, tribe Anthemideae), sometimes collectively termed the Achillea-complex or the Chrysanthemum- complex (tribes Astereae-Anthemideae) consists of 12 subtribes, 108 genera and at least another 1741 species SECONDARY METABOLITES AND ESSENTIAL OILS (Khallouki et al., 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Achillea Millefolium L
    SPECIES Achillea millefolium L. Tribe: Anthemideae Family: Asteraceae USDA CODE: Order: Asterales Subclass: Asteridae ACMI2 Class: Magnoliopsida FEIS CODE: D. Kopp 2009 San Bernardino Mtns. ACHMIL A. Montalvo 2010 Monterey Co. coast; tripinnate, pubescent form A. Montalvo 2010 Monterey Co. Subspecific taxa JepsonOnline 2010 and FNA 2010 do not recognize subspecific taxa of A. millefolium . The USDA PLANTS database (viewed Sept. 24, 2010) recognizes 12 subspecific taxa as occurring in North America: Taxon introduced and naturalized in North America (thought to be native to Europe): NRCS CODES: 1. A. m. L. var. millefolium 1. ACMIM2 Taxa native to California: 2. ACMIA 2. A. m. L. var. alpicola (Rydb.) Garrolt 3. ACMIA2 3. A. m. L. var. arenicola (Heller) Nobs 4. ACMIC 4. A. m. L. var. californica (Pollard) Jepson 5. ACMIG 5. A. m. L. var. gigantea (Pollard) Nobs 6. ACMIO 6. A. m. L. var. occidentalis (DC.) Hyl. 7. ACMIP 7. A. m. L. var. pacifica (Rydb.) G.N.Jones 8. ACMIP2 8. A. m. L. var. puberula (Rydb.) Nobs. 9. ACMIB Additional taxa outside California (mostly northerly): 10. ACMIL2 9. A. m. L. var. borealis (Bong.) Farw. 11. ACMIM5 10. A. m. L. var. litoralis (Ehrend.) Nobs 12. ACMIN 11. A. m. L. var. megacephala (Raup) Bolvin. 12. A. m. L. var. nigrescens E. Mey. Synonyms (USDA PLANTS) 2. A. alpicola (Rydb.) Rydb.; A. fusca Rydb.; A. lanulosa Nutt. ssp. alpicola (Rydb.) D.D. Keck; A. l. Nutt. var. alpicola Rydb.; A. m. L. var. fusca (Rydb.) G.N. Jones; A. subalpina Greene Taxa numbered as above 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Conserving Europe's Threatened Plants
    Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation By Suzanne Sharrock and Meirion Jones May 2009 Recommended citation: Sharrock, S. and Jones, M., 2009. Conserving Europe’s threatened plants: Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK ISBN 978-1-905164-30-1 Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK Design: John Morgan, [email protected] Acknowledgements The work of establishing a consolidated list of threatened Photo credits European plants was first initiated by Hugh Synge who developed the original database on which this report is based. All images are credited to BGCI with the exceptions of: We are most grateful to Hugh for providing this database to page 5, Nikos Krigas; page 8. Christophe Libert; page 10, BGCI and advising on further development of the list. The Pawel Kos; page 12 (upper), Nikos Krigas; page 14: James exacting task of inputting data from national Red Lists was Hitchmough; page 16 (lower), Jože Bavcon; page 17 (upper), carried out by Chris Cockel and without his dedicated work, the Nkos Krigas; page 20 (upper), Anca Sarbu; page 21, Nikos list would not have been completed. Thank you for your efforts Krigas; page 22 (upper) Simon Williams; page 22 (lower), RBG Chris. We are grateful to all the members of the European Kew; page 23 (upper), Jo Packet; page 23 (lower), Sandrine Botanic Gardens Consortium and other colleagues from Europe Godefroid; page 24 (upper) Jože Bavcon; page 24 (lower), Frank who provided essential advice, guidance and supplementary Scumacher; page 25 (upper) Michael Burkart; page 25, (lower) information on the species included in the database.
    [Show full text]
  • Doctorat De L'université De Toulouse
    En vue de l’obt ention du DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par : Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier (UT3 Paul Sabatier) Discipline ou spécialité : Ecologie, Biodiversité et Evolution Présentée et soutenue par : Joeri STRIJK le : 12 / 02 / 2010 Titre : Species diversification and differentiation in the Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands Biodiversity Hotspot JURY Jérôme CHAVE, Directeur de Recherches CNRS Toulouse Emmanuel DOUZERY, Professeur à l'Université de Montpellier II Porter LOWRY II, Curator Missouri Botanical Garden Frédéric MEDAIL, Professeur à l'Université Paul Cezanne Aix-Marseille Christophe THEBAUD, Professeur à l'Université Paul Sabatier Ecole doctorale : Sciences Ecologiques, Vétérinaires, Agronomiques et Bioingénieries (SEVAB) Unité de recherche : UMR 5174 CNRS-UPS Evolution & Diversité Biologique Directeur(s) de Thèse : Christophe THEBAUD Rapporteurs : Emmanuel DOUZERY, Professeur à l'Université de Montpellier II Porter LOWRY II, Curator Missouri Botanical Garden Contents. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. General Introduction 2 PART I: ASTERACEAE CHAPTER 2. Multiple evolutionary radiations and phenotypic convergence in polyphyletic Indian Ocean Daisy Trees (Psiadia, Asteraceae) (in preparation for BMC Evolutionary Biology) 14 CHAPTER 3. Taxonomic rearrangements within Indian Ocean Daisy Trees (Psiadia, Asteraceae) and the resurrection of Frappieria (in preparation for Taxon) 34 PART II: MYRSINACEAE CHAPTER 4. Phylogenetics of the Mascarene endemic genus Badula relative to its Madagascan ally Oncostemum (Myrsinaceae) (accepted in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society) 43 CHAPTER 5. Timing and tempo of evolutionary diversification in Myrsinaceae: Badula and Oncostemum in the Indian Ocean Island Biodiversity Hotspot (in preparation for BMC Evolutionary Biology) 54 PART III: MONIMIACEAE CHAPTER 6. Biogeography of the Monimiaceae (Laurales): a role for East Gondwana and long distance dispersal, but not West Gondwana (accepted in Journal of Biogeography) 72 CHAPTER 7 General Discussion 86 REFERENCES 91 i Contents.
    [Show full text]
  • Santolina Ageratifolia Barnades Ex Asso (Compositae) Y El Agregado S
    SANTOLINA AGERATIFOLIA BARNADES EX ASSO (COMPOSITAE) Y EL AGREGADO S. ROSMARINIFOLIA L. por SILVIA LÓPEZ UDIAS, CARLOS FABREGAT & GONZALO MATEO* Resumen LÓPEZ UDIAS, S., C. FABREGAT & G. MATEO (1997). Santolina ageratifolia Bamades ex Asso (Compositae) y el agregado S. rosmarinifolia L. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 55(2): 285-296. Se reivindica Santolina ageratifolia Bamades ex Asso como especie bien caracterizada dentro del agregado S. rosmarinifolia L. Se resume su historia taxonómica, se detallan los caracteres diagnósticos que la diferencian de las demás especies del grupo y se indica la corología deta­ llada de la misma. Asimismo se aclaran algunos puntos confusos relativos a la taxonomía y co­ rología en España de las restantes especies del agregado (S. rosmarinifolia L. s. str., S. canes­ cens Lag., S. pectinata Lag. y S. semidentata Hoffmanns. & Link) y se propone la siguiente combinación nueva: S. semidentata subsp. melidensis (Rodríguez-Oubiña & Ortiz) López Udias, Fabregat & Mateo. Palabras clave: Compositae, Santolina, historia, taxonomía, corología, España. Abstract LÓPEZ UDIAS, S., C. FABREGAT & G. MATEO (1997). Santolina ageratifolia Bamades ex Asso (Compositae) and their relationships with S. rosmarinifolia L. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 55(2): 285-296 (in Spanish). The status of Santolina ageratifolia Bamades ex Asso as a distinct species belonging to S. ros­ marinifolia L. aggr. is vindicated. An historical approach, a revisión of the diagnostic characters and a detailed chorology of the species in Spain is presented. Likewise, some doubtful questions conceming taxonomy and chorology in Spain of the whole aggregate (including S. rosmarinifolia L. s. str., S. canescens Lag., S. pectinata Lag. and S.
    [Show full text]
  • Skillins Greenhouse Green Lavender Cotton
    Garden and Landscape Plant Finder Green Lavender Cotton Santolina rosmarinifolia Height: 30 inches Spread: 24 inches Sunlight: Hardiness Zone: 5b Other Names: Green Santolina, Holy Flax, syn. Santolina virens Green Lavender Cotton Photo courtesy of NetPS Plant Finder Description: This beautifully fine textured variety produces luminous green foliage, and bright yellow button flowers in summer; traditionally used as a low hedge in herb gardens; perfect accent in the rock garden or borders Ornamental Features Green Lavender Cotton features showy spikes of lightly-scented yellow button flowers at the ends of the branches from early to mid summer. The flowers are excellent for cutting. It has attractive green foliage. The fragrant narrow leaves are highly ornamental and remain green throughout the winter. The fruit is not ornamentally significant. Landscape Attributes Green Lavender Cotton is a dense multi-stemmed evergreen shrub with a mounded form. It lends an extremely fine and delicate texture to the landscape Green Lavender Cotton foliage composition which should be used to full effect. Photo courtesy of NetPS Plant Finder This shrub will require occasional maintenance and upkeep, and should only be pruned after flowering to avoid removing any of the current season's flowers. It is a good choice for attracting butterflies to your yard, but is not particularly attractive to deer who tend to leave it alone in favor of tastier treats. It has no significant negative characteristics. BRUNSWICK FALMOUTH CUMBERLAND 422 Bath Road 89 Foreside Road 201 Gray Rd (Route 100) Brunswick, ME 04011 Falmouth, ME 04105 Cumberland, ME 04021 1-800-339-8111 1-800-244-3860 1-800-348-8498 207-442-8111 207-781-3860 207-829-5619 Garden and Landscape Plant Finder Green Lavender Cotton is recommended for the following landscape applications; - Mass Planting - Rock/Alpine Gardens - Border Edging - General Garden Use - Groundcover - Container Planting Planting & Growing Green Lavender Cotton will grow to be about 24 inches tall at maturity, with a spread of 24 inches.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Achillea Santolina Essential Oil on Bacterial Biofilm
    DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2020-0016 Curr. Issues Pharm. Med. Sci., Vol. 33, No. 2, Pages 83-89 Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences Formerly ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS MARIAE CURIE-SKLODOWSKA, SECTIO DDD, PHARMACIA journal homepage: http://www.curipms.umlub.pl/ Effect of Achillea santolina essential oil on bacterial biofilm and its mode of action Jehad Al-Shuneigat1* , Sameeh Al-Sarayreh1 , Yousef Al-Saraireh2 , Mahmoud Al-Qudah3 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Mutah, Jordan 2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Mutah, Jordan 3 Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received 26 September 2019 Increased multidrug resistance prompted researchers to search for a new drug that has Accepted 28 October 2019 the ability to overcome antibiotic resistant pathogens. Essential oils have been used Keywords: in folk medicine for centuries, therefore, they could be employed as an effective alternative Aantibacterial, to antibiotics without having secondary side effects. antibiofilm, The aim of the present study was to test the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity Achillea santolina, mode of action, of the essential oil of Achillea santolina and to ascertain its mode of action. essential oil. Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration (MBIC) susceptibility assays were performed using a biofilm inoculator with a 96-well plate with peg led. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was performed in normal microtitre plates using a twofold dilution series. Achillea santolina essential oil (ASEO) was able to overcome the resistance of all tested bacteria. The MIC values were in the range of 250-1000 µg/ml, while the MBC values were in the range of 500-2000 µg/ml.
    [Show full text]
  • Garden Smart Colorado
    Garden Smart Colorado A Guide to Non-Invasive Plants for Your Garden Colorado Weed Management Association Colorado Big Country, RC&D, Inc. Garden Smart Colorado A Guide to Non-Invasive Plants for Your Garden Produced by: Colorado Weed Management Association and Colorado Big Country Resource, Conservation & Development, Inc. Written and Edited by: Irene Shonle, Project Leader COVER: Original line drawing of Penstemon and Golden banner by Steve Anthony Mary Ann Bonell Tina Booton Lisa DiNardo Alicia Doran Summer 2007 Stephen Elzinga Jennifer Mantle Colorado Weed Management Association 6456 S. Niagara Ct., Centennial, CO 80111 Judy Noel Phone: 303-779-7939 Paul Schreiner www.cwma.org Karen Scopel Jude Sirota Colorado Big Country Resource, Conservation & Development, Inc. Offi ce: 401 23rd Street, Suite 105, Glenwood Springs, CO 81602 Emily Spencer Mail: PO Box 2168, Glenwood Springs CO 81602. Lisa Tasker Phone: 970-945-5494 Ext. 4 Kelly Uhing www.coloradobigcountry.org Graphics by: Alicia Doran About This Book We have arranged this book into sections divided by invasive ornamentals that are listed in Colorado as noxious weeds. Colorado's noxious weed list is divided into A, B and C categories which require specifi c levels of man- agement. These plants are no longer allowed to be sold in our state and should not be planted. Specifi c information is available from the Colorado We Wish to Thank ... State Noxious Weed Program or from your local county weed manager. Included for each invasive are alternatives that may be planted instead. We Irene Shonle, CSU Extension, for her project leadership have divided the choices by native and cultivated options and regionally by mountain and lower elevations.
    [Show full text]
  • Buchanan's Native Plants Green Lavender Cotton
    Green Lavender Cotton Santolina rosmarinifolia Height: 30 inches Spread: 24 inches Sunlight: Hardiness Zone: 5b Other Names: Green Santolina, Holy Flax, syn. Santolina virens Green Lavender Cotton Photo courtesy of NetPS Plant Finder Description: This beautifully fine textured variety produces luminous green foliage, and bright yellow button flowers in summer; traditionally used as a low hedge in herb gardens; perfect accent in the rock garden or borders Ornamental Features Green Lavender Cotton features showy spikes of lightly-scented yellow button flowers at the ends of the branches from early to mid summer. The flowers are excellent for cutting. It has attractive green foliage. The fragrant narrow leaves are highly ornamental and remain green throughout the winter. The fruit is not ornamentally significant. Landscape Attributes Green Lavender Cotton is a dense multi-stemmed evergreen shrub with a mounded form. It lends an extremely fine and delicate texture to the landscape Green Lavender Cotton foliage composition which should be used to full effect. Photo courtesy of NetPS Plant Finder This shrub will require occasional maintenance and upkeep, and should only be pruned after flowering to avoid removing any of the current season's flowers. It is a good choice for attracting butterflies to your yard, but is not particularly attractive to deer who tend to leave it alone in favor of tastier treats. It has no significant negative characteristics. 611 East 11th Street Houston, Texas 77008 713-861-5702 Green Lavender Cotton is recommended for the following landscape applications; - Mass Planting - Rock/Alpine Gardens - Border Edging - General Garden Use - Groundcover - Container Planting Planting & Growing Green Lavender Cotton will grow to be about 24 inches tall at maturity, with a spread of 24 inches.
    [Show full text]
  • Achene Micro-Morphology of Anthemis (Asteraceae) and Its Allies in Iran with Emphasis on Systematics
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY 1560–8530/2007/09–3–486–488 http://www.fspublishers.org Achene Micro-morphology of Anthemis (Asteraceae) and its Allies in Iran with Emphasis on Systematics ABDOLKARIM CHEHREGANI1 AND NATEGHEH MAHANFAR Laboratory of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Bu-Ali University, Hamedan, Iran 1Correspondence author’s e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Anthemideae is a large tribe of Astraceae and poses difficulties in recognizing and classifying its members based on morphological characters. This research was focused on evaluating achene peculiarities for systematic purpose. Achene micro- morphological characteristics such as size, shape, papuse, sulcuse, lacune, etc., were considered useful in species recognition. Lacunas characters in each studied taxa were specific and regarded as good separator character in the studied taxa of this tribe. Based on data, Tanacetum kotschyi was considered as a problematic species that needs to be studied further. Key Words: Anthemideae; Anthemis; SEM; Achene; Systematic INTRODUCTION were deposited in Tehran University Herbarium and Bu-Ali Sina University (Table I). The achenes were coated with a Anthemideae is the seventh largest tribe of Asteraceae thin layer of gold-paladium and studied with a JEOL-840 with about 109 genera and 1740 species worldwide Scanning Electron Microscope (Japan) at Sanati Sharif (Bremer, 1994; Tahir et al., 2002). The tribe and shows a University, Tehran, Iran. Achene morphological and micro- temperate distribution (Heywood & Humphries, 1977; morphological characters such as size, shape, papuse, Bremer & Humphries, 1993; Francisco-Ortega et al., 2001). sulcuse, lacune and etc., were compared with prepared The members of this tribe have been studied by several micrograph.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from the Aerial Parts of Santolina Rosmarinifolia L
    Nat. Volatiles & Essent. Oils, 2021; 8(1): 22-28 Sarri et al. DOI: 10.37929/nveo.827601 RESEARCH ARTICLE Chemical composition of essential oil from the aerial parts of Santolina rosmarinifolia L. a wild Algerian medicinal plant Djamel Sarri1,*, Noui Hendel2, Hadjer Fodil1,3, Giuseppe Ruberto4 and Madani Sarri1,5,* 1Department of Nature and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of M’sila, 28000, M’sila, ALGERIA 2Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of M’sila, 28000, M’sila, ALGERIA 3Laboratory of Biology, Water and Environment (LBWE), Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences and Earth and Universe Sciences, University of May 8, 1945, 24000, Guelma, ALGERIA 4Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, ITALY 5Laboratory of Phytotherapy Applied to Chronic Diseases (LPACD), Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Setif1, 19000, Setif, ALGERIA *Corresponding authors. Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Submitted: 21.11.2020; Accepted: 11.01.2021 Abstract The analysed essential oil in this study was obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Santolina rosmarinifolia L. (Asteraceae) collected from Hodna area of Algeria. This species is a medicinal herb traditionally used in Algeria. Its essential oil has been analyzed by combining GC-FID and GC-MS. The analysis led to the identification of eighty-two components, representing 91.84% of the whole composition of the sample. The main components were capillene (32.8%), 1,8-cineole (15.1%) and β-myrcene (14.0%). Keywords: Santolina rosmarinifolia L., Asteraceae, Essential oil, GC-MS Analysis, Algeria Introduction The Santolina L.
    [Show full text]