Benchmarking a Cryogenic Code for the FREIA Helium Liquefier
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CBS SOP: Liquid Nitrogen AODA
Liquid Nitrogen SOP Liquid Nitrogen SOP CBS-SOP-020-19 Effective: Mar 2019 Author: A. Holliss Edited: P. Scheffer Purpose To provide procedural guidance on the dispensing, transport, handling and disposal of liquid nitrogen. This document is to be used in addition to on the job training and not as a substitution. Scope All students and staff within CBS working with liquid nitrogen should be familiar with these procedures. Outside of normal working hours (weekdays 08:30 to 16:30) liquid nitrogen must not be dispensed from the pressurized storage vessel. If there is an absolute necessity for liquid nitrogen from the pressurized storage dewar at that time, this procedure must be carried out with the supervisor’s knowledge by two trained personnel working together to allow for the alarm to be raised if there is an incident/accident. The second ‘spotter’ person is to be in visual contact with the first ‘dispensing’ person but not so close to also be in danger. Definitions/Acronyms Cryogenic storage dewar – a specialized double-walled vacuum container used for storing cryogenic liquid and provides thermal insulation as the cryogenic liquid slowly boils away. Excessive pressure is released through an open top, vented cap or through a pressure relief valve to prevent the risk of explosion. Oxygen deficient atmosphere – an atmosphere with less than 19.5% oxygen by volume. Air normally contains approximately 21% oxygen. If gases other than oxygen are added or mixed with air, the oxygen concentration is reduced (diluted) and oxygen deficiency occurs. No human sense will give an indication of an oxygen-reduced atmosphere. -
High Efficiency and Large-Scale Subsurface Energy Storage with CO2
PROCEEDINGS, 43rd Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California, February 12-14, 2018 SGP-TR-213 High Efficiency and Large-scale Subsurface Energy Storage with CO2 Mark R. Fleming1, Benjamin M. Adams2, Jimmy B. Randolph1,3, Jonathan D. Ogland-Hand4, Thomas H. Kuehn1, Thomas A. Buscheck3, Jeffrey M. Bielicki4, Martin O. Saar*1,2 1University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; 2ETH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 3TerraCOH Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA; 4The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; 5Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA. *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Keywords: geothermal energy, multi-level geothermal systems, sedimentary basin, carbon dioxide, electricity generation, energy storage, power plot, CPG ABSTRACT Storing large amounts of intermittently produced solar or wind power for later, when there is a lack of sunlight or wind, is one of society’s biggest challenges when attempting to decarbonize energy systems. Traditional energy storage technologies tend to suffer from relatively low efficiencies, severe environmental concerns, and limited scale both in capacity and time. Subsurface energy storage can solve the drawbacks of many other energy storage approaches, as it can be large scale in capacity and time, environmentally benign, and highly efficient. When CO2 is used as the (pressure) energy storage medium in reservoirs underneath caprocks at depths of at least ~1 km (to ensure the CO2 is in its supercritical state), the energy generated after the energy storage operation can be greater than the energy stored. This is possible if reservoir temperatures and CO2 storage durations combine to result in more geothermal energy input into the CO2 at depth than what the CO2 pumps at the surface (and other machinery) consume. -
User's Manual
User’s Manual Model 331 Temperature Controller Includes Coverage For: Model 331S and Model 331E Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. 575 McCorkle Blvd. Westerville, Ohio 43082-8888 USA E-mail addresses: [email protected] [email protected] Visit our website at: www.lakeshore.com Fax: (614) 891-1392 Telephone: (614) 891-2243 Methods and apparatus disclosed and described herein have been developed solely on company funds of Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. No government or other contractual support or relationship whatsoever has existed which in any way affects or mitigates proprietary rights of Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. in these developments. Methods and apparatus disclosed herein may be subject to U.S. Patents existing or applied for. Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. reserves the right to add, improve, modify, or withdraw functions, design modifications, or products at any time without notice. Lake Shore shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with furnishing, performance, or use of this material. Revision: 1.9 P/N 119-031 14 May 2009 Lake Shore Model 331 Temperature Controller User’s Manual LIMITED WARRANTY STATEMENT LIMITED WARRANTY STATEMENT (Continued) WARRANTY PERIOD: ONE (1) YEAR 9. EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY APPLICABLE LAW, 1. Lake Shore warrants that this Lake Shore product (the THE TERMS OF THIS LIMITED WARRANTY STATEMENT DO “Product”) will be free from defects in materials and NOT EXCLUDE, RESTRICT OR MODIFY, AND ARE IN workmanship for the Warranty Period specified above (the ADDITION TO, THE MANDATORY STATUTORY RIGHTS “Warranty Period”). If Lake Shore receives notice of any such APPLICABLE TO THE SALE OF THE PRODUCT TO YOU. -
Thermodynamics for Cryogenics
Thermodynamics for Cryogenics Ram C. Dhuley USPAS – Cryogenic Engineering June 21 – July 2, 2021 Goals of this lecture • Revise important definitions in thermodynamics – system and surrounding, state properties, derived properties, processes • Revise laws of thermodynamics and learn how to apply them to cryogenic systems • Learn about ‘ideal’ thermodynamic processes and their application to cryogenic systems • Prepare background for analyzing real-world helium liquefaction and refrigeration cycles. 2 Ram C. Dhuley | USPAS Cryogenic Engineering (Jun 21 - Jul 2, 2021) Introduction • Thermodynamics deals with the relations between heat and other forms of energy such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy. • Thermodynamics has its basis in attempts to understand combustion and steam power but is still “state of the art” in terms of practical engineering issues for cryogenics, especially in process efficiency. James Dewar (invented vacuum flask in 1892) https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.881490 3 Ram C. Dhuley | USPAS Cryogenic Engineering (Jun 21 - Jul 2, 2021) Definitions • Thermodynamic system is the specified region in which heat, work, and mass transfer are being studied. • Surrounding is everything else other than the system. • Thermodynamic boundary is a surface separating the system from the surrounding. Boundary System Surrounding 4 Ram C. Dhuley | USPAS Cryogenic Engineering (Jun 21 - Jul 2, 2021) Definitions (continued) Types of thermodynamic systems • Isolated system has no exchange of mass or energy with its surrounding • Closed system exchanges heat but not mass • Open system exchanges both heat and mass with its surrounding Thermodynamic State • Thermodynamic state is the condition of the system at a given time, defined by ‘state’ properties • More details on next slides • Two state properties define a state of a “homogenous” system • Usually, three state properties are needed to define a state of a non-homogenous system (example: two phase, mixture) 5 Ram C. -
Safe Storage, Handling, Use and Disposal Procedures of Compressed Gas Cylinders
Title: Safe Storage, Handling, Use and Disposal Procedures of Compressed Gas Cylinders Effective Date: November 2005 Revision Date: March 1, 2017 Issuing Authority: VP, Capital Projects & Facilities Responsible Officer: Director Environmental Health and Safety PURPOSE OF THE POLICY The purpose of this policy on the safe storage, handling and use of compressed gas cylinders is to provide best practice guidance for the use and storage of compressed gas cylinders. These procedures are to assist employees on information to minimize the hazards associated with this type of equipment. SCOPE OF THIS POLICY Serious fire, explosion or rupture accidents may result from the misuse or mishandling of compressed gas cylinders. Observance of the following rules will help control hazards in the storage, handling and use of compressed gas cylinders. WHO NEEDS TO KNOW THIS POLICY This policy applies to all New York University academic, commercial and residential facilities utilizing compressed gas cylinders. Responsibilities: Department of Environmental Health and Safety • Responsible for developing and updating the policy • Work with Facilities, Department Heads, and Lab Managers to ensure proper use and storage • Enforce compliance with all safety regulations and FDNY regulations Directors, Department Chairs, and Principal Investigators • Directors, Chairs, and PIs are responsible for enforcing this policy. • Periodically review and monitor the effectiveness of safe CGC use and storage. • Allocate the resources necessary for safe handling, use, and to monitor the program. Department Managers and Supervisors • Department Managers and Supervisors ensure staff working with compressed gas cylinders have the appropriate training and understand all aspects of safety associated with this equipment. • Assure the equipment associated with the movement, storage, and use of compressed gas cylinders is available and properly inspected before being used. -
Commodity Master List
Commodity Master List 005 ABRASIVES 010 ACOUSTICAL TILE, INSULATING MATERIALS, AND SUPPLIES 015 ADDRESSING, COPYING, MIMEOGRAPH, AND SPIRIT DUPLICATING MACHINE SUPPLIES: CHEMICALS, INKS, PAPER, ETC. 019 AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND GRAINS INCLUDING FRUITS, MELONS, NUTS, AND VEGETABLES 020 AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT, IMPLEMENTS, AND ACCESSORIES (SEE CLASS 022 FOR PARTS) 022 AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT AND ACCESSORY PARTS 025 AIR COMPRESSORS AND ACCESSORIES 031 AIR CONDITIONING, HEATING, AND VENTILATING: EQUIPMENT, PARTS AND ACCESSORIES (SEE RELATED ITEMS IN CLASS 740) 035 AIRCRAFT AND AIRPORT, EQUIPMENT, PARTS, AND SUPPLIES 037 AMUSEMENT, DECORATIONS, ENTERTAINMENT, TOYS, ETC. 040 ANIMALS, BIRDS, MARINE LIFE, AND POULTRY, INCLUDING ACCESSORY ITEMS (LIVE) 045 APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENT, HOUSEHOLD TYPE 050 ART EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES 052 ART OBJECTS 055 AUTOMOTIVE ACCESSORIES FOR AUTOMOBILES, BUSES, TRUCKS, ETC. 060 AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE ITEMS AND REPAIR/REPLACEMENT PARTS 065 AUTOMOTIVE BODIES, ACCESSORIES, AND PARTS 070 AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES AND RELATED TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT 075 AUTOMOTIVE SHOP EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES 080 BADGES, EMBLEMS, NAME TAGS AND PLATES, JEWELRY, ETC. 085 BAGS, BAGGING, TIES, AND EROSION CONTROL EQUIPMENT 090 BAKERY EQUIPMENT, COMMERCIAL 095 BARBER AND BEAUTY SHOP EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES 100 BARRELS, DRUMS, KEGS, AND CONTAINERS 105 BEARINGS (EXCEPT WHEEL BEARINGS AND SEALS -SEE CLASS 060) 110 BELTS AND BELTING: AUTOMOTIVE AND INDUSTRIAL 115 BIOCHEMICALS, RESEARCH 120 BOATS, MOTORS, AND MARINE AND WILDLIFE SUPPLIES 125 BOOKBINDING SUPPLIES -