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Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Iran J Arthropod-Borne Dis, December 2016, 10(4): 474–482 M Abdigoudarzi: Some New Records of … Original Article Some New Records of Culicoides Species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Iran *Mohammad Abdigoudarzi Department of Parasitology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Alborz, Iran (Received 22 Nov 2014; accepted 14 Mar 2015) Abstract Background: Biting midges of the genus Culicoides act as vectors for important diseases affecting humans and both wild and domestic animals. Collection of adult Culicoides specimens in the near vicinity of vertebrate hosts is the major part of any bluetongue surveillance plan. There are old records of Culicoides species dated from 1963, 1968 and 1975. Therefore, it was decided to collect different ceratopogonids members using a light trap. Methods: One night catching using light traps with a suction fan was performed at representative sites (25 places) located in North Western Provinces (Ardebil, Eastern Azerbaijan, Western Azerbaijan and Zanjan) of Iran (suspected farms for clinical records of Bluetongue virus or serodiagnosis of the Bluetongue virus). Samples were detected and identified primarily and were sent to a reference center for final verification. Results: Seven Culicoides species including (Culicoides circumscriptus, C. flavidus, C. longipennis, C. pulicaris, C. puncatatus, C. nubeculosus, and three species from Culicoides (Oecacta) are under study in reference laboratory in Poland and C. puncticollis were confirmed from Iran. Conclusion: Morphological and explanation of each species was regarded in this study. In comparison to old record, there are four new records of Culicoides species from Iran and one species is regarded suspected for viral trans- mission. Keywords: Ceratopogonidae, Culicoides, Iran Introduction Biting midges of the genus Culicoides soletus can also cause an allergic response to Latreille, 1809 act as vectors for important its bite in sheep and goats (Connan and diseases affecting humans and both wild and Lloyd 1988). domestic animals. There is an important Ceratopogonid midges are small nema- problem regarding these insects in European tocerous diptera, the female members have countries then it forcing international offices biting mouthparts and mandibles, which to get instant records of related disease from work rather as a pair of scissors. They are public sectors. mostly one to two millimeters long, the larg- Medical and veterinary importance of est British species spans four millimeters or Culicoides species is regarded by different less. The body is stout and the wings are scientists. Bluetongue virus was initially held flat and folded over the abdomen when isolated from C. obsoletus midges in Cyprus at rest. They can easily be mistaken for (Mellor and Pitzolis 1979), and African members of the Chironomidae, indeed, they horse sickness virus from a mixed pool of were formerly included in this family. They this species and Pulicaris group midges in may be distinguished, however, by the short Spain (Mellor 1990). Culicoides obsoletus front legs (in the Chironomidae the front has been confirmed as bluetongue vector in legs are usually much longer than the oth- northern and southern Europe. Culicoides ob- ers), the wing venation and by the biting 474 *Corresponding author: Dr Mohammad Abdigou- http://jad.tums.ac.ir darzi, E-mail: [email protected] Published Online: October 04, 2016 J Arthropod-Borne Dis, December 2016, 10(4): 474–482 M Abdigoudarzi: Some New Records of … mouthparts (non-biting mouthparts in the Navai (1977). There are records of Culi- Chironomidae). The wing venation is simple coides vector members from the nearby with (usually) two radial cells. In most spe- country like Turkey (Dik et al. 2006). cies the wings are clear, without markings, The distribution pattern of Culicoides but many species of Culicoides (and of some spp. is according to Iranian geographical species of other genera) have easily recog- coordination (Northern latitude 40°, Southern nizable patterned wings (some Chirono- latitude 25°) (Western longitude 44° and midae have patterned wings, but then the Eastern longitude 63.5°). Due to warming up venation is different). A good formal diagno- of the north hemisphere, the spread of Culi- sis of the family is given in (Downes and coides species has been moved from 40◦ to Wirth 1981), and a key to the British genera 43◦ (Northern latitude) (Djuricic et al. 2003). of Ceratopogonidae is provided in Boorman In any bluetongue surveillance system, and Rowland (1988). the principal aim is to capture adult Culi- Mesghali (1963) recorded 22 species coides in the near vicinity of vertebrate from the genus Culicoides from Iran. His hosts, and to employ a powerful trap (to en- collection methods was using aspirator col- hance surveillance sensitivity at low Culi- lecting flies resting on the body of livestock, coides population levels and, furthermore, to collecting flies attracted to the light from the increase the number of captured midges for window, collecting midges when there was a virus isolation studies) (Goffredo and Meiswin- screening plan for collection of Anopheles kel 2004). The results of a new serological members by total catch (insecticide spray) study in Iran, showed that the Bluetongue method in malaria campaign, stick trap and virus seroprevalence of sheep in West-Azer- light trap. He also noted that except C. baijan (64.86%) was the highest and lowest puncticollis and C. similis the rest of midges prevalence was seen at Qom (12.1%) (Khezri were recorded as new records on that time. and Azimi 2013). The reason of that study by Mesghali was According to above old records and the the induction of African horse sickness in importance of the study of ceratopogonids in 1959 in Southern parts of Iran, which the Iran, screening Culicoides spp. for Blue vector is Culicoides members where 60% up tongue control in sheep, increased warming to 80% of horses died after the disease. up of the north hemisphere and its effect on Twenty-six species have been recorded distributional pattern of Culicoides spp, it by Navai and Mesghali (1968). From 26 was decided to collect different ceratopogo- species of Culicoides reported on that time, nids members using light trap. A collection 14 species were recorded for the first time in method as one night catching on site using Iran: C. bulbostylus, C. flavidus, C. flavisimilis, light traps with a suction fan was performed C. ibericus, C. koreensis, C. longipennis, C. na- at representative sites in northwestern prov- gahanai, C. odibilis, C. pallidicornis, C. pal- inces of Iran (suspected farms for clinical lidipennis, C. pictimargo, C. pulicaris, C. punc- records of Bluetongue virus or serodiagnosis tatus, and C. similisbaghdadensis. of the Bluetongue virus). Navai's collection methods were Light trap, tent trap and adults emerged after pupa collection from aquatic habitats. Later, two Materials and Methods new species, C. mesghalii and C. shahgudi- ani were recorded from the Persian Gulf area New collection field trips were designed of Iran (Navai 1973). Culicoides members according to Bluetongue seropositive records from south-west Asia have been studied by in livestock in North Western Provinces of Iran. 475 http://jad.tums.ac.ir Published Online: October 04, 2016 J Arthropod-Borne Dis, December 2016, 10(4): 474–482 M Abdigoudarzi: Some New Records of … Collection method (one night catching regions were collected by light trap. Dif- on site using light traps with a suction fan) ferent members of Chironomidae, Psychodi- (Sanyo–IK-150) was performed at representa- dae, Sciaridae and Cecidomyiidae families tive sites in (Ardebil, Eastern Azerbaijan, from diptera have been confirmed, Forcipo- Western Azerbaijan and Zanjan) (Table 1) myia (Ceratopogonidae) also noted and some (suspected farms for clinical records of BT lepidoptera and hymenoptera were recorded. virus or serodiagnosis of the BT virus). Ceratopogonidae members were selected. From Sep 2004 up to early Oct 2005, (it Culicoides spp. were separated and were was done mostly on late August and early studied under an anatomical microscope. September (late summer time in Iran) adult Nine Culicoides species including (Culicoides members of Culicoides were collected and circumscriptus, C. flavidus, C. longipennis, transferred to the laboratory near ice pack in C. pulicaris, C. puncatatus, C. nubeculosus, an isolator box (at arrival time they were and three species from Culicoides (Oecacta) fresh and intact for better inspection). were confirmed from Iran. Data for geo- Culicoides members were separated and graphical location, time range and type have been mounted on slides using a clear- species and number of samples are included ing agent then Hoyer'medium was applied (Table 1 and 3). and different characters including wing pat- terns and venation was regarded using iden- tification key (Rawlings 1996). Accidentally collected ceratopogonids during an agricultural research on insect pests were sent to Razi Institute and were studied too. Parallel samples were sent to Dr Ryszard Szadziewski (Poland) and Dr Shahin Navai (Germany). Results From September 2004 up to October Fig. 1. Culicoides pulicaris (wing pattern is distinc- 2005, Culicoides specimens from 25 different tive), (Original photo) Table 1. Data for Different species of Culicoides collected according to Bluetongue seropositive records from livestock in Iran Province Place Time Range Collected Insect type Ardbil Khalkhal road, Heleh abad 14th Sep. 2005 Culicoides (Culicoidea)
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