CERN Courier November 2015 Faces & Places

C O n F E r E n C E s TAUP 2015 gives updated overview on astroparticle and underground physics

SPECIAL HIGH TECH CERAMICS AND METALS CUSTOM MADE PARTS, COMPONENTS AND ASSEMBLIES

Participants gather for a group photograph at the TAUP 2015 conference, held in Torino (Italy). (Image credit: TAUP 2015.)

Around 500 physicists, astrophysicists and The plenary programme – 32 talks in total long-baseline experiments, neutrinoless Adv_A8300sc EN.indd 1 14/09/15 15:06 cosmologists from 38 countries convened in – opened with three reviews on the current double-beta decay, low-energy neutrinos, Torino to discuss current developments in status of cosmological observations and solar, geo and supernova neutrinos. The World’s Most Radiation astroparticle physics and particle cosmology. its connections to particle physics. It then The gravitational-wave session reported SPECIAL HIGH TECH CERAMICS AND METALS The 14th edition of the International moved to cover high-energy astrophysics, on the kick-off of the second phase of SPECIAL HIGH TECH CERAMICS AND METALS Resistant Glass CUSTOMSPECIAL MADE HIGH PARTS, TECH COMPONENTS CERAMICS AND AND METALS ASSEMBLIES Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and with reports on γ rays and cosmic-ray advanced interferometers, happening this CUSTOM MADE PARTS, COMPONENTS AND ASSEMBLIES Underground Physics (TAUP 2015) was observations, both from Earth and space. year, such as the start of the LISA pathfi nder held in Torino from 7 to 11 September, High-energy neutrinos have been a hot topic: mission. A talk on multimessenger and was organised by the University of a comprehensive theoretical exploration of astronomy provided a link to the high-energy Torino, the National Institute for Nuclear high-energy messengers and their sources and neutrino sessions. Physics (INFN), the National Institute for placed the observational results in context. The plenary programme was further -Fluorophosphate Glasses that show no loss of Astrophysics (INAF), the Italian Space enriched by the well-attended workshop transparency for gamma doses larger than 1 Agency (ASI), the Gran Sasso National Major players sessions, six each afternoon, and the poster GRad, and neutron doses exceeding 10 20 n/cm 2 Laboratory (LNGS), the Torino Science Dark matter was discussed, both in the session, where the topics covered in the - Chemical Resistant Academy and the Inter-university Centre for high- and low-energy mass windows, plenary sessions were explored in greater Space Physics (CIFS). from axions to WIMPs, with reports on depth with more focussed presentations. - Laser Glasses The scientifi c focus of the TAUP the current theoretical understanding and With more than 340 contributions, the conference is theoretical and experimental experimental searches for new physics. sessions offered a complete and exhaustive - Fiber progress on dark matter, neutrino physics, After a detailed and informative overview overview of the experimental results and high-energy astrophysics and cosmic rays, of dark-matter distribution on small scales, their theoretical and phenomenological new neutron sources components cosmology and gravitational waves. The a critical element for particle dark-matter interpretations. biennial TAUP conference series started in astrophysical signals, the whole spectrum of TAUP 2015 also paid special attention to particle accelerators components 1989 in L’Aquila. Since then, it has grown indirect- and direct-detection strategies was outreach and science communication. The to be the major event in astroparticle and covered extensively. Highlights included new conference programme included a dedicated underground physics. This latest edition saw avenues like directionality in direct detection, parallel session, which was well-attended new neutron sources components synchrotron light sources components both by specialists and scientists. Three new neutron sources components unprecedented participation, and full days and anisotropies and cross-correlations in Visit us at the particle accelerators components of lively discussions and exchanges on all indirect-detection searches. outreach events, aimed at the general public, particle accelerators components 2015 Nuclear Science synchrotron light sources components current key subjects of particle astrophysics Neutrino physics was another major were organised in the city. One of these was Symposium & Medical Imaging synchrotron light sources components and cosmology. As is traditional for TAUP, player: the theoretical landscape of neutrino a fulldome planetarium show on dark matter Conference the conference was organised as plenary physics, including sterile neutrinos, was and particle physics, set up in collaboration AFO Research Inc. review talks in the mornings, and workshop the background for reports on the whole with the CERN Media Lab and LBNL, and SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY sessions held in parallel in the afternoons. experimental programme in the fi eld: held at the Torino Planetarium. The event was 772-538-1288 [email protected] www.intellion.eu San Diego, California [email protected] & TECHNOLOGY www.intellion.eu [email protected] +33 (0)6 3173.6510SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Fax www.intellion.eu +33 (0)4 9331.2734 very much appreciated by the general public. [email protected] www.intellion.eu A dedicated poster session completed the measurement of the absolute neutrino Email [email protected] November 2-5, 2015 Mob. +3391, rueMob. (0)6 du +33 Faubourg 3173.6510 (0)6 3173.6510 Saint Honoré Fax Fax +33 75008+33 (0)4 PARIS 9331.2734 (0)4 - FRANCE 9331.2734 Mob. +33 (0)6 3173.6510 Fax +33 (0)4 9331.2734 ● 91, rue du Faubourg Saint Honoré 75008 PARIS - FRANCE programme. masses, reactor neutrinos, short- and For further details, visit taup2015.to.infn.it. www.aforesearch.com Booth #109 91, rue du Faubourg91, rue du Faubourg Saint Saint Honoré Honoré 75008 75008 PARIS - FRANCE PARIS - FRANCE

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p32.indd 1 07/10/2015 12:08 CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 5 N u m b e r 9 N o v e mber 2 0 1 5 CERN Courier November 2015 CERN Courier November 2015 Faces & Places Faces & Places

Dallas welcomes Explorers of ‘strange world’ get together in Sendai for HYP2015 the DIS2015 HYP2015, the 12th International Conference Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, participants in International took place from 7 to 12 September in Sendai, Sendai (Japan). Japan, where around 200 participants from (Image credit: 20 countries gathered at Tohoku University. HYP2015. ) Workshop Since 1982, the HYP conferences have been held every three years to discuss nuclear and hadron physics with strangeness. This spring, the 23rd International Workshop The main subjects are the production and on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related structure of hypernuclei and strange hadrons, Subjects (DIS2015) took place at the as well as baryon–baryon and meson– Southern Methodist University (SMU) baryon interactions with strangeness. The PT2026 NMR Precision Teslameter in Dallas, Texas. The workshop was held subjects have been extended to low-energy from 27 April to 1 May, and included some aspects of QCD, dense and cold matter, and 250 participants representing 30 countries, implications for neutron stars, and hadronic Reach new heights presenting more than 200 talks on a and nuclear systems with heavier fl avours. multitude of subjects. The programme Experimental results and plans at J-PARC, reported on current developments in DIS and JLab, GSI/FAIR, MAMI, DAΦNE, SPring-8, in magnetic eld QCD, as well as updates on the latest results RHIC and the LHC were presented. A from the LHC, HERA, Tevatron, Jefferson highlight was new data from MAMI and measurement Lab, RHIC and fi xed-target experiments. It Conference participants on the steps of SMU (top), and enjoying the social events (above J-PARC, which confi rmed the strange also covered related theoretical topics and left), which included the conference banquet at the Perot Museum of Nature and Science phenomenon that a Λ hyperon largely future experimental opportunities. (above right). (Image credits: DIS2015.) breaks the charge symmetry in a nucleus. The Metrolab PT2026 sets a new The workshop began with a full day of Concerning the K−pp bound system, a new standard for precision magnetometers. plenary reports on recent progress from both however, the heavy-quark mass introduces experiments might help to resolve. The positive signal from J-PARC was presented, Leveraging 30 years of expertise building the experiment and theory frontiers; these an additional scale, which complicates the presentations were stimulating and thought while other experiments at GSI, SPring-8 excellent overview presentations stimulated theoretical calculations. Nevertheless, new provoking, and gave the local audience a and J-PARC have not caught any clear signal the world’s gold standard magnetometers, extensive discussion and generated interest techniques, clever ideas and hard work have non-technical glimpse into issues discussed yet. Theoretical progress was reported in it takes magnetic  eld measurement to for the upcoming parallel talks. This was enabled progress to be made in this area. at the workshop. approaches including ab-initio calculations new heights: measuring higher elds with followed by two and a half days of parallel The spin-physics session had extensive The social highlight of the meeting was the (starting from basic nuclear forces) of talks, organised around seven themes: discussions on HERMES and COMPASS “Night at the Science Museum” conference hypernuclei and lattice QCD calculations of better resolution. structure functions and parton densities; data, as well as measurements from RHIC banquet, which was held at Dallas’s new baryon–baryon interactions. small-x, diffraction and vector mesons; and Jefferson Lab experiments. This was Perot Museum of Nature and Science. The Besides plenary and parallel sessions, The PT2026 offers unprecedented  exibility electroweak physics and beyond the complemented on the theoretical side by museum blends art, technology and science topical sessions on “Hypertriton lifetime”, Standard Model; QCD and hadronic fi nal advances in generalized PDFs, which can with renowned interactive and hands-on “YN scattering experiments” and “Hyperon in the choice of parameters, interfacing states; heavy fl avours; spin physics; and reconstruct the proton structure in 3D. scientifi c exhibits, which fl ow across puzzle in neutron stars” were organised. and probe placement, as well as greatly future experiments. multiple levels in a building that is a creative, Recently, heavy-ion collision experiments at improved tolerance of inhomogeneous Work on the structure of the proton has The future of DIS ecologically “green” architectural design, RHIC, the LHC and GSI reported the lightest 3 elds. And with Ethernet & USB interfaces seen tremendous advances recently. The fi nal In the areas of small-x, diffraction and vector situated in the heart of downtown Dallas. hypernucleus, ΛH (hypertriton), has a lifetime HERAPDF2.0 results were presented, as mesons, a wide range of interesting topics Conference members enjoyed a “strolling” much shorter than theoretically expected. It is and LabVIEW software, it  ts perfectly into well as updates from the individual groups were presented, including parton saturation catered dinner, which progressed from the agreed that the discrepancy should be solved modern laboratory environments. working on parton-distribution functions and shadowing, non-linear evolution, tests upper exhibits through to the entry-level by further experimental and theoretical work.

(PDFs). These discussions were timely of factorisation, and rapidity-gap physics for atrium, where dinner culminated with The lack of low-energy hyperon–nucleon le - Photo: Scott Maxwell, Master www.agence-arca.com because the PDF improvements will help both protons and nuclei. dessert, coffee and discussion. (YN) scattering data has long been a problem with analysis of the LHC Run 2. The future landscape of DIS was also The workshop was generously supported in this fi eld, and ongoing plans and prospects There were also extensive updates from discussed, including the JLab 12 GeV by Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), of scattering experiments were discussed the LHC on the properties of the Higgs upgrade, the Deep Underground Neutrino CERN, DESY, Fermilab, Jefferson Lab, the in detail. “Hyperon puzzle” is a hot topic boson, as well as prospects for searching Experiment (DUNE) at the Long-Baseline National Science Foundation (NSF), the US in strangeness nuclear physics. Hyperons for new Higgs-like objects including SUSY, Neutrino Facility (LBNF), the Electron- Department of Energy (DOE) and the SMU. are predicted to appear in high-density extra gauge bosons (W', Z') and other Ion-Collider (EIC) and the LHeC. In The workshop demonstrated how “DIS nuclear matter in neutron stars, based on our exotica. Precision measurements from both combination, these projects will vastly and related subjects” permeates a broad knowledge of YN and YY interactions, but RHIC and LHC experiments can also place extend the reach of DIS to study matter from range of physics topics, from hadron this results in a softening of the nuclear-matter constraints on new physics signatures such as the lowest to highest energies and densities. colliders to spin physics, neutrino physics equation of state, and cannot support recently “dark photons”. The workshop programme made room and more. There is still much work to be done observed heavy neutron stars with twice the

On the heavy-fl avours frontier, new for several social and outreach events, and information to be extracted from the solar mass. To solve this serious discrepancy, Pantone 286 Pantone 032 improvements on theoretical calculations including a public lecture entitled “If the latest experiments. The good news is that the several theoretical approaches were proposed matched with new experimental universe is the answer, what is the question?” DIS workshop series will continue next year, and intensive discussions took place. The measurements from RHIC and the LHC were This event featured four physicists from the with DESY hosting DIS2016 in Hamburg, proceedings will be published in the JPS seen. Heavy-fl avour production is an incisive workshop discussing critically important Germany, from 11 to 15 April 2016. Conference Proceedings. Magnetic precision has a name www.metrolab.com tool, which can probe many features of QCD; unanswered physics questions that upcoming ● For more details, see www.dis2015.org. ● Visit lambda.phys.tohoku.ac.jp/hyp2015/.

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CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 5 N u m b e r 9 N o v e mber 2 0 1 5 CERN Courier November 2015 CERN Courier November 2015 Faces & Places Faces & Places

Dallas welcomes Explorers of ‘strange world’ get together in Sendai for HYP2015 the DIS2015 HYP2015, the 12th International Conference Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics, participants in International took place from 7 to 12 September in Sendai, Sendai (Japan). Japan, where around 200 participants from (Image credit: 20 countries gathered at Tohoku University. HYP2015. ) Workshop Since 1982, the HYP conferences have been held every three years to discuss nuclear and hadron physics with strangeness. This spring, the 23rd International Workshop The main subjects are the production and on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related structure of hypernuclei and strange hadrons, Subjects (DIS2015) took place at the as well as baryon–baryon and meson– Southern Methodist University (SMU) baryon interactions with strangeness. The PT2026 NMR Precision Teslameter in Dallas, Texas. The workshop was held subjects have been extended to low-energy from 27 April to 1 May, and included some aspects of QCD, dense and cold matter, and 250 participants representing 30 countries, implications for neutron stars, and hadronic Reach new heights presenting more than 200 talks on a and nuclear systems with heavier fl avours. multitude of subjects. The programme Experimental results and plans at J-PARC, reported on current developments in DIS and JLab, GSI/FAIR, MAMI, DAΦNE, SPring-8, in magnetic eld QCD, as well as updates on the latest results RHIC and the LHC were presented. A from the LHC, HERA, Tevatron, Jefferson highlight was new data from MAMI and measurement Lab, RHIC and fi xed-target experiments. It Conference participants on the steps of SMU (top), and enjoying the social events (above J-PARC, which confi rmed the strange also covered related theoretical topics and left), which included the conference banquet at the Perot Museum of Nature and Science phenomenon that a Λ hyperon largely future experimental opportunities. (above right). (Image credits: DIS2015.) breaks the charge symmetry in a nucleus. The Metrolab PT2026 sets a new The workshop began with a full day of Concerning the K−pp bound system, a new standard for precision magnetometers. plenary reports on recent progress from both however, the heavy-quark mass introduces experiments might help to resolve. The positive signal from J-PARC was presented, Leveraging 30 years of expertise building the experiment and theory frontiers; these an additional scale, which complicates the presentations were stimulating and thought while other experiments at GSI, SPring-8 excellent overview presentations stimulated theoretical calculations. Nevertheless, new provoking, and gave the local audience a and J-PARC have not caught any clear signal the world’s gold standard magnetometers, extensive discussion and generated interest techniques, clever ideas and hard work have non-technical glimpse into issues discussed yet. Theoretical progress was reported in it takes magnetic  eld measurement to for the upcoming parallel talks. This was enabled progress to be made in this area. at the workshop. approaches including ab-initio calculations new heights: measuring higher elds with followed by two and a half days of parallel The spin-physics session had extensive The social highlight of the meeting was the (starting from basic nuclear forces) of talks, organised around seven themes: discussions on HERMES and COMPASS “Night at the Science Museum” conference hypernuclei and lattice QCD calculations of better resolution. structure functions and parton densities; data, as well as measurements from RHIC banquet, which was held at Dallas’s new baryon–baryon interactions. small-x, diffraction and vector mesons; and Jefferson Lab experiments. This was Perot Museum of Nature and Science. The Besides plenary and parallel sessions, The PT2026 offers unprecedented  exibility electroweak physics and beyond the complemented on the theoretical side by museum blends art, technology and science topical sessions on “Hypertriton lifetime”, Standard Model; QCD and hadronic fi nal advances in generalized PDFs, which can with renowned interactive and hands-on “YN scattering experiments” and “Hyperon in the choice of parameters, interfacing states; heavy fl avours; spin physics; and reconstruct the proton structure in 3D. scientifi c exhibits, which fl ow across puzzle in neutron stars” were organised. and probe placement, as well as greatly future experiments. multiple levels in a building that is a creative, Recently, heavy-ion collision experiments at improved tolerance of inhomogeneous Work on the structure of the proton has The future of DIS ecologically “green” architectural design, RHIC, the LHC and GSI reported the lightest 3 elds. And with Ethernet & USB interfaces seen tremendous advances recently. The fi nal In the areas of small-x, diffraction and vector situated in the heart of downtown Dallas. hypernucleus, ΛH (hypertriton), has a lifetime HERAPDF2.0 results were presented, as mesons, a wide range of interesting topics Conference members enjoyed a “strolling” much shorter than theoretically expected. It is and LabVIEW software, it  ts perfectly into well as updates from the individual groups were presented, including parton saturation catered dinner, which progressed from the agreed that the discrepancy should be solved modern laboratory environments. working on parton-distribution functions and shadowing, non-linear evolution, tests upper exhibits through to the entry-level by further experimental and theoretical work.

(PDFs). These discussions were timely of factorisation, and rapidity-gap physics for atrium, where dinner culminated with The lack of low-energy hyperon–nucleon le - Photo: Scott Maxwell, Master www.agence-arca.com because the PDF improvements will help both protons and nuclei. dessert, coffee and discussion. (YN) scattering data has long been a problem with analysis of the LHC Run 2. The future landscape of DIS was also The workshop was generously supported in this fi eld, and ongoing plans and prospects There were also extensive updates from discussed, including the JLab 12 GeV by Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), of scattering experiments were discussed the LHC on the properties of the Higgs upgrade, the Deep Underground Neutrino CERN, DESY, Fermilab, Jefferson Lab, the in detail. “Hyperon puzzle” is a hot topic boson, as well as prospects for searching Experiment (DUNE) at the Long-Baseline National Science Foundation (NSF), the US in strangeness nuclear physics. Hyperons for new Higgs-like objects including SUSY, Neutrino Facility (LBNF), the Electron- Department of Energy (DOE) and the SMU. are predicted to appear in high-density extra gauge bosons (W', Z') and other Ion-Collider (EIC) and the LHeC. In The workshop demonstrated how “DIS nuclear matter in neutron stars, based on our exotica. Precision measurements from both combination, these projects will vastly and related subjects” permeates a broad knowledge of YN and YY interactions, but RHIC and LHC experiments can also place extend the reach of DIS to study matter from range of physics topics, from hadron this results in a softening of the nuclear-matter constraints on new physics signatures such as the lowest to highest energies and densities. colliders to spin physics, neutrino physics equation of state, and cannot support recently “dark photons”. The workshop programme made room and more. There is still much work to be done observed heavy neutron stars with twice the

On the heavy-fl avours frontier, new for several social and outreach events, and information to be extracted from the solar mass. To solve this serious discrepancy, Pantone 286 Pantone 032 improvements on theoretical calculations including a public lecture entitled “If the latest experiments. The good news is that the several theoretical approaches were proposed matched with new experimental universe is the answer, what is the question?” DIS workshop series will continue next year, and intensive discussions took place. The measurements from RHIC and the LHC were This event featured four physicists from the with DESY hosting DIS2016 in Hamburg, proceedings will be published in the JPS seen. Heavy-fl avour production is an incisive workshop discussing critically important Germany, from 11 to 15 April 2016. Conference Proceedings. Magnetic precision has a name www.metrolab.com tool, which can probe many features of QCD; unanswered physics questions that upcoming ● For more details, see www.dis2015.org. ● Visit lambda.phys.tohoku.ac.jp/hyp2015/.

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CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 5 N u m b e r 9 N o v e mber 2 0 1 5 CERN Courier November 2015 CERN Courier November 2015 Faces & Places Faces & Places

W O r k s h O p s hypermatter and exotic bound states their work in an informal and challenging at different energies and with different (including pentaquarks, hexaquarks and environment. production reactions was presented. These Workshop on future electron–hadron colliders at CERN dibaryons) obtained so far at the LHC A major outcome of the workshop data were discussed in view of the open using the data collected with pp, Pb–Pb and was a complete overview and improved puzzle of hypernuclear physics, namely the 3 p–Pb collisions. Results obtained at other understanding of the data collected during unexpected low value of the hypertriton (ΛH) In June, CERN hosted the annual workshop accelerators were also examined, together LHC Run 1, as well as data from non-LHC lifetime measured in heavy-ion collisions. on upgrading the LHC with a powerful with a broad overview of the different experiments at lower energies. A heavily Finally, the state-of-the-art of the search electron accelerator to enable electron– theoretical approaches. debated topic was the production of light for possible exotic bound states, such as proton (and –ion) collisions in one interaction More than 50 scientists from around the antinuclei (from deuterons to 4He) in the H-dibaryon, was presented. Possible region. The Large Hadron electron Collider world contributed to stimulating discussions heavy-ion collisions, and their interpretation measurements to look further for the (LHeC) would use an energy recovery linac in which the interplay between experimental through two competing models: the thermal discovery of these states were elaborated in (ERL) to achieve 1000 times the luminosity results and their theoretical interpretation production mechanism and production a fruitful exchange between theorists and in electron–proton scattering, compared with was essential. Out of the 27 invited talks, 10 through coalescence. Furthermore, the experimentalists. HERA, with a centre-of-mass energy above were delivered by young scientists, providing production of Λ hypernuclei (nuclei in which ● For more information, see https://indico. 1 TeV. The ERL principle is also considered them with an excellent opportunity to present one nucleon is replaced by a Λ hyperon) gsi.de/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=3767. for the confi guration of a 3.5 TeV electron– proton collider that would use the 50 TeV n EW puBLiCatiOns proton beam of the Future Circular Collider Sketch of the cryo-module housing four 802 MHz cavities. Each cavity contains fi ve cells. (FCC-eh). This confi guration is currently being designed by a collaboration of CERN and Thomas iSGTW relaunches as The Science Node A scientifi c colloquium opened Jefferson Laboratory for the LHeC. In its current default confi guration, the electron-beam the workshop and introduced LHeC energy in the LHeC achieves 60 GeV in three steps. The beam is accelerated by two linear (FCC-eh)-related developments on the accelerators, each comprising 140 such modules housed in a tunnel one third of the LHC in Earlier this year, the online magazine high-performance computing technologies. accelerator, detector and physics issues to circumference. (Image credit: JLab.) International Science Grid This Week The publication will also feature the latest the audience. The LHeC is being designed (iSGTW) celebrated its 10th anniversary. news and in-depth analysis related to for concurrent operation with the LHC. measurements in the top and Higgs sectors cavities (see fi gure), high-current electron Now, this free publication, which is run networking, big data, volunteer computing, This leads to signifi cant cost reductions in leading beyond the Standard Model, sources and the recovery of beam power. jointly by CERN in Europe and Indiana “the internet of things”, citizen science and possibly realising a far-reaching electron– including a striking Higgs self-coupling As an intermediate step, an ERL facility University in the US, has relaunched as The much more. hadron (proton and ion) physics programme. sensitivity at the FCC-eh. delivering about 1 GeV energy electrons at Science Node. Find out more at www.sciencenode.org. Moreover, this may transform the LHC Further physics highlights concerned high currents of tens of mA was considered. With its more memorable name, The If you’re interested in contributing to The into a precision Higgs facility, i.e. with nuclear structure, important for heavy-ion Such a facility would have a number of Science Node will continue to report on Science Node, please contact the editorial increased precision and new opportunities physics and the understanding of physics fi rst-class potential physics applications research made possible by distributed and team at [email protected]. using electron–proton collisions, and much at high parton densities; the latter is also related to photonuclear reactions and reduced theory uncertainties for proton– required for ultra-high-energy neutrino low-energy electromagnetic, as well The Science Node was launched in September. (Image credit: The Science Node.) proton Higgs physics. physics exploring the far universe. Software as weak electron–proton interactions. Guido Altarelli spoke about the challenges in detector development were also However, the IAC recommended focusing “Importance of deep inelastic scattering reviewed in detail. Due consideration was on technical developments in international in the 21st century”. His talk was followed also given to the installation of the LHeC collaboration, with the aim to verify and On 15 September, Helsinki Institute of Physics and Tampere by an impressive list of “Novel ideas” detector within a regular LHC shutdown, its optimise the principal accelerator design University of Technology announced the launch of a new presented by Stan Brodsky, the other synchronous operation during the HL-LHC choices. The LHeC will be further developed Business Incubation Centre (BIC) of CERN technologies. The prominent theorist and member of the phase, and a fi rst design was presented of in a three-year R&D programme, with the Finnish BIC joins a network of six other such centres already International Advisory Committee (IAC) FCC-eh apparatus. objective to maintain the option for moving established across Europe. Similarly to the others, it will chaired by Director-General emeritus Much attention was given to ERL-related forward when the European context is clearer connect science with industry and support the formation of of CERN, Herwig Schopper. Exciting technology progress, especially on and the Run 2 LHC results become available. new businesses from scientifi c research. CERN’s technologies prospects were presented on precision super-conducting radio frequency (SCRF) ● For more details, see lhec.web.cern.ch. are already available through a variety of schemes, ranging from R&D partnerships to licences and consultancy. With the BIC scheme, CERN supports new companies and small EMMI workshop businesses in the development and exploitation of innovative ideas in fi elds related to the laboratory’s activities. In kicks off at particular, CERN contributes with the transfer of knowledge and know-how through technical visits to the organisation, CERN support for the BIC and preferential-rate licensing of CERN intellectual property. The new Finnish Business Incubation Centre will work in collaboration with CERN’s Knowledge The fi rst workshop on antimatter, Transfer Group to encourage entrepreneurs to turn hypermatter and exotica production at the technology developed at CERN into useful, marketable ideas. LHC was held at CERN on 20–22 July. Group photograph of the EMMI workshop participants. (Image credit: EMMI.) The partnership agreement was signed at CERN. From left, The workshop was supported by the head of CERN’s Knowledge Transfer Group, Giovanni Anelli, ExtreMe Matter Institute (EMMI) at GSI electromagnetic plasmas of high-energy number of quarks and antiquarks in equal CERN’s Director-General, Rolf Heuer, the Finnish in Darmstadt (Germany). EMMI aims to density, ultra-cold quantum gases and amounts. An interesting feature of the ion ambassador to Switzerland, Päivi Kairamo, HIP’s director, foster research topics such as the properties extreme states in atomic physics. collisions at the LHC is that s and s- quarks Juha Äystö, TUT’s president, Markku Kivikoski, and of quark–gluon plasma and the phase The LHC is an ideal factory for anti- and are as abundant as u and d quarks. professor, director of HIP’s Technology Programme, structure of strongly interacting matter, the hypermatter because heavy ions colliding The aim of the workshop was to discuss Saku Mäkinen. (Image credit: CERN.) structure and dynamics of neutron matter, at ultra-relativistic energies produce a huge in depth the wealth of results on antimatter,

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CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 5 N u m b e r 9 N o v e mber 2 0 1 5 CERN Courier November 2015 CERN Courier November 2015 Faces & Places Faces & Places

W O r k s h O p s hypermatter and exotic bound states their work in an informal and challenging at different energies and with different (including pentaquarks, hexaquarks and environment. production reactions was presented. These Workshop on future electron–hadron colliders at CERN dibaryons) obtained so far at the LHC A major outcome of the workshop data were discussed in view of the open using the data collected with pp, Pb–Pb and was a complete overview and improved puzzle of hypernuclear physics, namely the 3 p–Pb collisions. Results obtained at other understanding of the data collected during unexpected low value of the hypertriton (ΛH) In June, CERN hosted the annual workshop accelerators were also examined, together LHC Run 1, as well as data from non-LHC lifetime measured in heavy-ion collisions. on upgrading the LHC with a powerful with a broad overview of the different experiments at lower energies. A heavily Finally, the state-of-the-art of the search electron accelerator to enable electron– theoretical approaches. debated topic was the production of light for possible exotic bound states, such as proton (and –ion) collisions in one interaction More than 50 scientists from around the antinuclei (from deuterons to 4He) in the H-dibaryon, was presented. Possible region. The Large Hadron electron Collider world contributed to stimulating discussions heavy-ion collisions, and their interpretation measurements to look further for the (LHeC) would use an energy recovery linac in which the interplay between experimental through two competing models: the thermal discovery of these states were elaborated in (ERL) to achieve 1000 times the luminosity results and their theoretical interpretation production mechanism and production a fruitful exchange between theorists and in electron–proton scattering, compared with was essential. Out of the 27 invited talks, 10 through coalescence. Furthermore, the experimentalists. HERA, with a centre-of-mass energy above were delivered by young scientists, providing production of Λ hypernuclei (nuclei in which ● For more information, see https://indico. 1 TeV. The ERL principle is also considered them with an excellent opportunity to present one nucleon is replaced by a Λ hyperon) gsi.de/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=3767. for the confi guration of a 3.5 TeV electron– proton collider that would use the 50 TeV n EW puBLiCatiOns proton beam of the Future Circular Collider Sketch of the cryo-module housing four 802 MHz cavities. Each cavity contains fi ve cells. (FCC-eh). This confi guration is currently being designed by a collaboration of CERN and Thomas iSGTW relaunches as The Science Node A scientifi c colloquium opened Jefferson Laboratory for the LHeC. In its current default confi guration, the electron-beam the workshop and introduced LHeC energy in the LHeC achieves 60 GeV in three steps. The beam is accelerated by two linear (FCC-eh)-related developments on the accelerators, each comprising 140 such modules housed in a tunnel one third of the LHC in Earlier this year, the online magazine high-performance computing technologies. accelerator, detector and physics issues to circumference. (Image credit: JLab.) International Science Grid This Week The publication will also feature the latest the audience. The LHeC is being designed (iSGTW) celebrated its 10th anniversary. news and in-depth analysis related to for concurrent operation with the LHC. measurements in the top and Higgs sectors cavities (see fi gure), high-current electron Now, this free publication, which is run networking, big data, volunteer computing, This leads to signifi cant cost reductions in leading beyond the Standard Model, sources and the recovery of beam power. jointly by CERN in Europe and Indiana “the internet of things”, citizen science and possibly realising a far-reaching electron– including a striking Higgs self-coupling As an intermediate step, an ERL facility University in the US, has relaunched as The much more. hadron (proton and ion) physics programme. sensitivity at the FCC-eh. delivering about 1 GeV energy electrons at Science Node. Find out more at www.sciencenode.org. Moreover, this may transform the LHC Further physics highlights concerned high currents of tens of mA was considered. With its more memorable name, The If you’re interested in contributing to The into a precision Higgs facility, i.e. with nuclear structure, important for heavy-ion Such a facility would have a number of Science Node will continue to report on Science Node, please contact the editorial increased precision and new opportunities physics and the understanding of physics fi rst-class potential physics applications research made possible by distributed and team at [email protected]. using electron–proton collisions, and much at high parton densities; the latter is also related to photonuclear reactions and reduced theory uncertainties for proton– required for ultra-high-energy neutrino low-energy electromagnetic, as well The Science Node was launched in September. (Image credit: The Science Node.) proton Higgs physics. physics exploring the far universe. Software as weak electron–proton interactions. Guido Altarelli spoke about the challenges in detector development were also However, the IAC recommended focusing “Importance of deep inelastic scattering reviewed in detail. Due consideration was on technical developments in international in the 21st century”. His talk was followed also given to the installation of the LHeC collaboration, with the aim to verify and On 15 September, Helsinki Institute of Physics and Tampere by an impressive list of “Novel ideas” detector within a regular LHC shutdown, its optimise the principal accelerator design University of Technology announced the launch of a new presented by Stan Brodsky, the other synchronous operation during the HL-LHC choices. The LHeC will be further developed Business Incubation Centre (BIC) of CERN technologies. The prominent theorist and member of the phase, and a fi rst design was presented of in a three-year R&D programme, with the Finnish BIC joins a network of six other such centres already International Advisory Committee (IAC) FCC-eh apparatus. objective to maintain the option for moving established across Europe. Similarly to the others, it will chaired by Director-General emeritus Much attention was given to ERL-related forward when the European context is clearer connect science with industry and support the formation of of CERN, Herwig Schopper. Exciting technology progress, especially on and the Run 2 LHC results become available. new businesses from scientifi c research. CERN’s technologies prospects were presented on precision super-conducting radio frequency (SCRF) ● For more details, see lhec.web.cern.ch. are already available through a variety of schemes, ranging from R&D partnerships to licences and consultancy. With the BIC scheme, CERN supports new companies and small EMMI workshop businesses in the development and exploitation of innovative ideas in fi elds related to the laboratory’s activities. In kicks off at particular, CERN contributes with the transfer of knowledge and know-how through technical visits to the organisation, CERN support for the BIC and preferential-rate licensing of CERN intellectual property. The new Finnish Business Incubation Centre will work in collaboration with CERN’s Knowledge The fi rst workshop on antimatter, Transfer Group to encourage entrepreneurs to turn hypermatter and exotica production at the technology developed at CERN into useful, marketable ideas. LHC was held at CERN on 20–22 July. Group photograph of the EMMI workshop participants. (Image credit: EMMI.) The partnership agreement was signed at CERN. From left, The workshop was supported by the head of CERN’s Knowledge Transfer Group, Giovanni Anelli, ExtreMe Matter Institute (EMMI) at GSI electromagnetic plasmas of high-energy number of quarks and antiquarks in equal CERN’s Director-General, Rolf Heuer, the Finnish in Darmstadt (Germany). EMMI aims to density, ultra-cold quantum gases and amounts. An interesting feature of the ion ambassador to Switzerland, Päivi Kairamo, HIP’s director, foster research topics such as the properties extreme states in atomic physics. collisions at the LHC is that s and s- quarks Juha Äystö, TUT’s president, Markku Kivikoski, and of quark–gluon plasma and the phase The LHC is an ideal factory for anti- and are as abundant as u and d quarks. professor, director of HIP’s Technology Programme, structure of strongly interacting matter, the hypermatter because heavy ions colliding The aim of the workshop was to discuss Saku Mäkinen. (Image credit: CERN.) structure and dynamics of neutron matter, at ultra-relativistic energies produce a huge in depth the wealth of results on antimatter,

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CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 5 N u m b e r 9 N o v e mber 2 0 1 5 CERN Courier November 2015 CERN Courier November 2015 Faces & Places Faces & Places

O B i t u a r i E s whom it is said that he struggled with a Jacob (Yacov) David Bekenstein was born the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. formidable stranger (an angel, according in Mexico City on 1 May 1947. His father, His awards include the Rothschild, Israel, to some), and did not lose. Very few faced Joseph Bekenstein, worked as a carpenter, Wolf and Einstein prizes in Physics. He was Jacob Bekenstein 1947–2015 the formidable challenges of presenting a and his mother, Esther (Nee) Vladaslavotsky, a member of the Israeli Academy of sciences theory of gravity with as much success as was a homemaker. They were Jewish and humanities. Jacob Bekenstein. One is also told about immigrants from Poland to Mexico. Jacob is survived by his wife Bilha, his Jacob (Yacov) Bekenstein, a faculty member Bekenstein’s role in his bestselling book the biblical Yacov that he dreamed about: He went on to graduate from Princeton daughter Rivka (a PhD student in physics of the Racah Institute of Physics of the A Brief History of Time. He writes: “I was a ladder grounded on Earth and reaching University, obtaining a PhD in 1972 under at the Technion) and his sons Yehonadav Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel, passed motivated partly by irritation with Bekenstein, heaven on which there was motion upwards John Wheeler. After time as a postdoctoral (a condensed-matter physicist, now a away on 16 August 2015 while visiting the who I felt misused my discovery.” And then: and downwards. Jacob always made every fellow at the University of Texas in Austin, postdoctoral fellow at UC Berkeley) and Department of Physics in Helsinki. “However, it turned out in the end that he research effort to be grounded on the Earth, he moved to the Ben-Gurion University of Uriya (a PhD student in biology at the Jacob made seminal contributions to the [Bekenstein] was basically correct, though in but he did not shy away from climbing the the Negev in Beersheba, where he eventually Hebrew University), as well as by his six understanding of the properties of black a manner he had certainly not anticipated.” ladder and bringing back his insights. became chairman of the astrophysics grandchildren. holes and information storage in quantum This refl ects the enormous pressure that He will be dearly missed. department. In 1990, he joined the faculty of ● Eliezer Rabinovici. fi eld theory and general relativity. His the 25 year-old Jacob had to withstand, powerful tool was Gedankenexperiments. essentially all alone. Jacob who, while being This approach (in English, “thought rather shy was very opinionated, answers experiments”) has played a very important Hawking’s remarks in his book Of Gravity, Bernard D’Espagnat 1921–2015 role in the developments of new ideas in Black Holes and Information, where he physics: Galileo envisaged falling bodies, writes: “I cannot, of course, do anything Maxwell had demons, Einstein chased light about another’s anger but…Nobody can be Bernard D’Espagnat, physicist and The name comes from Reinhold Anton rays and studied elevators and Schrödinger held to blame for giving in a published result philosopher, passed away on 1 August 2015. Bertlmann, a physicist living in Vienna mulled over the fate of cats. Jacob Bekenstein a novel interpretation of his own.” He also His father was a famous who had the habit of wearing one blue took these experiments to a whole new level. mentions that “I almost lost confi dence then.” post-impressionist; one of his paintings can be sock and one red sock. If he put his socks He revolutionised the understanding Jacob Bekenstein. (Image credit: Bekenstein One can only imagine the strength he needed seen in Musée d’Orsay. Bernard D’Espagnat in two envelopes and sent one to Moscow of black holes after performing a family.) to stick to his intuition. The main argument entered the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris, and the other to Geneva, the person who Gedankenexperiment upon the suggestion against him at the time was the conventional but his studies were interrupted when he was received the sock in Geneva would know of his adviser at Princeton University, John the properties of processing information wisdom that black holes should have zero sent to Vienna during the German occupation instantly the colour of the sock received Wheeler. In the experiment, the content of a in unlocking the secrets of black-hole temperature and thus supposedly no entropy. period for forced labour. After the war, he in Moscow. This is classically acceptable, teacup was poured into a black hole. Jacob and quantum gravity. His research led So much for conventional wisdom. Out of came back to France and fi nished his studies, but in quantum mechanics there is a subtle was able to transform the implied threat of him to suggest bounds on the amount of this cocktail of emotions that Bekenstein and starting his PhD in the Leprince Ringuet effect called entanglement, for instance the reduction of entropy in this very esoteric information that can be stored in a given Hawking brewed, one following the other, laboratory at the Ecole Polytechnique. After seen in the decay of a π0 into two photons process (in apparent violation of the second volume of space–time. This bound is breakthroughs came in the understanding of a year spent in Chicago he went to CERN, that show correlations in their polarizations. law of thermodynamics) into the totally called the “Bekenstein bound”, and has the physical properties of black holes. which was in its infancy in 1954. Indeed, In fact, this is only an example of the many unexpected realisation that black holes direct implications on theories in which D’Espagnat was the fi rst member of the things that are diffi cult to swallow in the have thermodynamical properties. It was a gravity seems to play no role. Jacob’s work, A dedicated teacher CERN Theory Group in Geneva (at that time so-called “Copenhagen interpretation” triumph of the human spirit. Not only did based again on Gedankenexperiments, As mentioned previously, Jacob was highly there was another group of theorists affi liated of quantum mechanics. Even Einstein, he ascribe to black holes properties such as raised a great deal of interest as well as opinionated. In his book, one can fi nd critical to CERN but based in Copenhagen). who initiated quantum mechanics with entropy, which refl ects the number of degrees controversy. He published it in 1981, and it remarks on aspects of string theory, as well as A year later, in 1955, he convinced Bernard D’Espagnat. (Image credit: his theory of the photoelectric effect, did of freedom, but he also brought about a has since passed several refi nements and a line such as “aspiring students, beware” with Jacques Prentki, whom he had met at Ecole Templeton Prize/Laurence Godart.) not believe in it. He even said: “God does revolution in the deep understanding of generalisations. regards to string theory and “beware of cheap Polytechnique, to join him at CERN. As we not play dice,” criticizing the probabilistic thermodynamics and the structure of space The very special nature of black holes interdisciplinary fads”. I venture to say that know, Prentki played a very important role his career. Two years earlier, the American aspect of the theory. However, John Bell as seen at high-enough energies, where black uncovered by Jacob increased the realisation in my opinion, some of this was self-critique, for the organization until his death in 2009, physicists Day, Snow and Sucher had proposed tests of quantum mechanics, holes and their like emerge and play a role. that information, in certain interesting because both string theory and Jacob’s while D’Espagnat left CERN and became proposed a mechanism in which a negatively which were experimentally checked by circumstances at the very least, is stored on breakthroughs relied on the consistency professor in Orsay (France) in 1961. The charged particle captured by a proton could the French physicist Alain Aspect. In fact, Pioneering study the boundary of those systems. This general of physical structures and seem painfully early work of D’Espagnat was mostly in cascade down to an S quantum state. In in the ordinary life of physicists, quantum For well over a century, textbooks have been feature was named “holography” – a concept far from any near-future experimental collaboration with Prentki, mainly searching his paper, D’Espagnat pointed out that if mechanics is tested every day. For instance, teaching us that thermodynamical properties borrowed from quantum optics. In particular, verifi cations. In recent years, Jacob actually for symmetries of hadrons and their decays. a proton and an antiproton in an S state the energy levels of atoms are predicted with such as entropy are extensive, namely that in one set of cases, that information is searched for some experimental evidence for In 20 publications, they had developed their annihilate into a pair of neutral K0 mesons, incredible accuracy by quantum mechanics. 0 0 they are proportional to the volume of the encoded in the form of a quantum-fi eld quantum aspects of gravity itself. He was an own theoretical model, and later worked it will unavoidably be a K1 and a K2 meson In this complex situation, D’Espagnat tried system under study. However, for reasons theory where gravity is not even present. excellent and dedicated teacher, and as such he with Abdus Salam (1979 Nobel prizewinner) (this was before CP violation was discovered to fi nd a way out. His views, almost mystical, 0 of consistency, Jacob decreed that black This goes under the name of AdS/CFT also encouraged students to study advanced on the “global-symmetry” theory. Their in 1964; today, these states are called Ks and are certainly respectable. They imply a 0 holes are objects whose thermodynamical correspondence. Issues related to AdS/CFT mathematics and improve their mastery of the exploratory work was very useful, despite the K1). D’Espagnat’s theory was confi rmed in veiled reality. He has written several books properties must be proportional only to correspondence are still the subject of active English language. fact that, in 1961, Gell-Mann and Ne’eman an experiment carried out at CERN in 1962. in a marvellous style about this, in particular the area of the system. The body of work research in 2015, more than 40 years after At the Racah Institute of Physics, the independently (and, in parallel, Speiser and Conceptual Foundations of Quantum in which these ideas were developed and Bekenstein’s seminal paper appeared. high-energy theorists sit on the higher fl oor; Thirring-Wess) developed the “good model” Instant knowledge Mechanics. Others, Like Roland Omnès, argued dates from 1972. As the years pass, Physics may be about uncovering the nevertheless, Jacob seemed to have a quite – the octet model in SU3. Indeed, looking The theory implies that, as seen in the have different points of view. D’Espagnat and even though the full implications of objective secrets of nature, but it is done by guarded respect for the fi eld. He was very for order in the jungle of hadrons is like annihilation of a proton–antiproton, if a was rewarded by the prestigious Templeton 0 this deep insight are yet to be understood, humans, and most humans appreciate due interested in the results coming (and not playing the archeologist: you dig in different Ks is detected, one knows instantly that the prize in 2009, and was a member of the 0 appreciation of this pioneering study is only recognition and credit. Jacob’s ideas in the coming) out of the LHC. directions and different places and fi nally other decay product is a K1. The information Académie française des Sciences Morales increasing. 1970s encountered both signifi cant resistance Part of Jacob’s personality was that he someone fi nds the truth. seems to propagate at a velocity greater than et Politiques. He was full of charm. We will Since the beginning of his work, Jacob and attempts to diminish his role. Not least practised religion in a private manner. He In 1961, D’Espagnat published a paper, the speed of light. John Bell later called sorely miss him pointed out the crucial role played by from Stephen Hawking, who briefl y mentions was named after Jacob in the bible, about which I consider to be a turning point in this mechanism the “Bertlmann effect”. ● André Martin.

38 39

CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 5 N u m b e r 9 N o v e mber 2 0 1 5 CERN Courier November 2015 CERN Courier November 2015 Faces & Places Faces & Places

O B i t u a r i E s whom it is said that he struggled with a Jacob (Yacov) David Bekenstein was born the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. formidable stranger (an angel, according in Mexico City on 1 May 1947. His father, His awards include the Rothschild, Israel, to some), and did not lose. Very few faced Joseph Bekenstein, worked as a carpenter, Wolf and Einstein prizes in Physics. He was Jacob Bekenstein 1947–2015 the formidable challenges of presenting a and his mother, Esther (Nee) Vladaslavotsky, a member of the Israeli Academy of sciences theory of gravity with as much success as was a homemaker. They were Jewish and humanities. Jacob Bekenstein. One is also told about immigrants from Poland to Mexico. Jacob is survived by his wife Bilha, his Jacob (Yacov) Bekenstein, a faculty member Bekenstein’s role in his bestselling book the biblical Yacov that he dreamed about: He went on to graduate from Princeton daughter Rivka (a PhD student in physics of the Racah Institute of Physics of the A Brief History of Time. He writes: “I was a ladder grounded on Earth and reaching University, obtaining a PhD in 1972 under at the Technion) and his sons Yehonadav Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel, passed motivated partly by irritation with Bekenstein, heaven on which there was motion upwards John Wheeler. After time as a postdoctoral (a condensed-matter physicist, now a away on 16 August 2015 while visiting the who I felt misused my discovery.” And then: and downwards. Jacob always made every fellow at the University of Texas in Austin, postdoctoral fellow at UC Berkeley) and Department of Physics in Helsinki. “However, it turned out in the end that he research effort to be grounded on the Earth, he moved to the Ben-Gurion University of Uriya (a PhD student in biology at the Jacob made seminal contributions to the [Bekenstein] was basically correct, though in but he did not shy away from climbing the the Negev in Beersheba, where he eventually Hebrew University), as well as by his six understanding of the properties of black a manner he had certainly not anticipated.” ladder and bringing back his insights. became chairman of the astrophysics grandchildren. holes and information storage in quantum This refl ects the enormous pressure that He will be dearly missed. department. In 1990, he joined the faculty of ● Eliezer Rabinovici. fi eld theory and general relativity. His the 25 year-old Jacob had to withstand, powerful tool was Gedankenexperiments. essentially all alone. Jacob who, while being This approach (in English, “thought rather shy was very opinionated, answers experiments”) has played a very important Hawking’s remarks in his book Of Gravity, Bernard D’Espagnat 1921–2015 role in the developments of new ideas in Black Holes and Information, where he physics: Galileo envisaged falling bodies, writes: “I cannot, of course, do anything Maxwell had demons, Einstein chased light about another’s anger but…Nobody can be Bernard D’Espagnat, physicist and The name comes from Reinhold Anton rays and studied elevators and Schrödinger held to blame for giving in a published result philosopher, passed away on 1 August 2015. Bertlmann, a physicist living in Vienna mulled over the fate of cats. Jacob Bekenstein a novel interpretation of his own.” He also His father was a famous who had the habit of wearing one blue took these experiments to a whole new level. mentions that “I almost lost confi dence then.” post-impressionist; one of his paintings can be sock and one red sock. If he put his socks He revolutionised the understanding Jacob Bekenstein. (Image credit: Bekenstein One can only imagine the strength he needed seen in Musée d’Orsay. Bernard D’Espagnat in two envelopes and sent one to Moscow of black holes after performing a family.) to stick to his intuition. The main argument entered the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris, and the other to Geneva, the person who Gedankenexperiment upon the suggestion against him at the time was the conventional but his studies were interrupted when he was received the sock in Geneva would know of his adviser at Princeton University, John the properties of processing information wisdom that black holes should have zero sent to Vienna during the German occupation instantly the colour of the sock received Wheeler. In the experiment, the content of a in unlocking the secrets of black-hole temperature and thus supposedly no entropy. period for forced labour. After the war, he in Moscow. This is classically acceptable, teacup was poured into a black hole. Jacob and quantum gravity. His research led So much for conventional wisdom. Out of came back to France and fi nished his studies, but in quantum mechanics there is a subtle was able to transform the implied threat of him to suggest bounds on the amount of this cocktail of emotions that Bekenstein and starting his PhD in the Leprince Ringuet effect called entanglement, for instance the reduction of entropy in this very esoteric information that can be stored in a given Hawking brewed, one following the other, laboratory at the Ecole Polytechnique. After seen in the decay of a π0 into two photons process (in apparent violation of the second volume of space–time. This bound is breakthroughs came in the understanding of a year spent in Chicago he went to CERN, that show correlations in their polarizations. law of thermodynamics) into the totally called the “Bekenstein bound”, and has the physical properties of black holes. which was in its infancy in 1954. Indeed, In fact, this is only an example of the many unexpected realisation that black holes direct implications on theories in which D’Espagnat was the fi rst member of the things that are diffi cult to swallow in the have thermodynamical properties. It was a gravity seems to play no role. Jacob’s work, A dedicated teacher CERN Theory Group in Geneva (at that time so-called “Copenhagen interpretation” triumph of the human spirit. Not only did based again on Gedankenexperiments, As mentioned previously, Jacob was highly there was another group of theorists affi liated of quantum mechanics. Even Einstein, he ascribe to black holes properties such as raised a great deal of interest as well as opinionated. In his book, one can fi nd critical to CERN but based in Copenhagen). who initiated quantum mechanics with entropy, which refl ects the number of degrees controversy. He published it in 1981, and it remarks on aspects of string theory, as well as A year later, in 1955, he convinced Bernard D’Espagnat. (Image credit: his theory of the photoelectric effect, did of freedom, but he also brought about a has since passed several refi nements and a line such as “aspiring students, beware” with Jacques Prentki, whom he had met at Ecole Templeton Prize/Laurence Godart.) not believe in it. He even said: “God does revolution in the deep understanding of generalisations. regards to string theory and “beware of cheap Polytechnique, to join him at CERN. As we not play dice,” criticizing the probabilistic thermodynamics and the structure of space The very special nature of black holes interdisciplinary fads”. I venture to say that know, Prentki played a very important role his career. Two years earlier, the American aspect of the theory. However, John Bell as seen at high-enough energies, where black uncovered by Jacob increased the realisation in my opinion, some of this was self-critique, for the organization until his death in 2009, physicists Day, Snow and Sucher had proposed tests of quantum mechanics, holes and their like emerge and play a role. that information, in certain interesting because both string theory and Jacob’s while D’Espagnat left CERN and became proposed a mechanism in which a negatively which were experimentally checked by circumstances at the very least, is stored on breakthroughs relied on the consistency professor in Orsay (France) in 1961. The charged particle captured by a proton could the French physicist Alain Aspect. In fact, Pioneering study the boundary of those systems. This general of physical structures and seem painfully early work of D’Espagnat was mostly in cascade down to an S quantum state. In in the ordinary life of physicists, quantum For well over a century, textbooks have been feature was named “holography” – a concept far from any near-future experimental collaboration with Prentki, mainly searching his paper, D’Espagnat pointed out that if mechanics is tested every day. For instance, teaching us that thermodynamical properties borrowed from quantum optics. In particular, verifi cations. In recent years, Jacob actually for symmetries of hadrons and their decays. a proton and an antiproton in an S state the energy levels of atoms are predicted with such as entropy are extensive, namely that in one set of cases, that information is searched for some experimental evidence for In 20 publications, they had developed their annihilate into a pair of neutral K0 mesons, incredible accuracy by quantum mechanics. 0 0 they are proportional to the volume of the encoded in the form of a quantum-fi eld quantum aspects of gravity itself. He was an own theoretical model, and later worked it will unavoidably be a K1 and a K2 meson In this complex situation, D’Espagnat tried system under study. However, for reasons theory where gravity is not even present. excellent and dedicated teacher, and as such he with Abdus Salam (1979 Nobel prizewinner) (this was before CP violation was discovered to fi nd a way out. His views, almost mystical, 0 of consistency, Jacob decreed that black This goes under the name of AdS/CFT also encouraged students to study advanced on the “global-symmetry” theory. Their in 1964; today, these states are called Ks and are certainly respectable. They imply a 0 holes are objects whose thermodynamical correspondence. Issues related to AdS/CFT mathematics and improve their mastery of the exploratory work was very useful, despite the K1). D’Espagnat’s theory was confi rmed in veiled reality. He has written several books properties must be proportional only to correspondence are still the subject of active English language. fact that, in 1961, Gell-Mann and Ne’eman an experiment carried out at CERN in 1962. in a marvellous style about this, in particular the area of the system. The body of work research in 2015, more than 40 years after At the Racah Institute of Physics, the independently (and, in parallel, Speiser and Conceptual Foundations of Quantum in which these ideas were developed and Bekenstein’s seminal paper appeared. high-energy theorists sit on the higher fl oor; Thirring-Wess) developed the “good model” Instant knowledge Mechanics. Others, Like Roland Omnès, argued dates from 1972. As the years pass, Physics may be about uncovering the nevertheless, Jacob seemed to have a quite – the octet model in SU3. Indeed, looking The theory implies that, as seen in the have different points of view. D’Espagnat and even though the full implications of objective secrets of nature, but it is done by guarded respect for the fi eld. He was very for order in the jungle of hadrons is like annihilation of a proton–antiproton, if a was rewarded by the prestigious Templeton 0 this deep insight are yet to be understood, humans, and most humans appreciate due interested in the results coming (and not playing the archeologist: you dig in different Ks is detected, one knows instantly that the prize in 2009, and was a member of the 0 appreciation of this pioneering study is only recognition and credit. Jacob’s ideas in the coming) out of the LHC. directions and different places and fi nally other decay product is a K1. The information Académie française des Sciences Morales increasing. 1970s encountered both signifi cant resistance Part of Jacob’s personality was that he someone fi nds the truth. seems to propagate at a velocity greater than et Politiques. He was full of charm. We will Since the beginning of his work, Jacob and attempts to diminish his role. Not least practised religion in a private manner. He In 1961, D’Espagnat published a paper, the speed of light. John Bell later called sorely miss him pointed out the crucial role played by from Stephen Hawking, who briefl y mentions was named after Jacob in the bible, about which I consider to be a turning point in this mechanism the “Bertlmann effect”. ● André Martin.

38 39

CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 5 N u m b e r 9 N o v e mber 2 0 1 5 CERN Courier November 2015 Faces & Places Raymond Stora 1930–2015

A great fi gure of theoretical physics, international scientifi c prizes: the Joannidès Raymond Stora passed away on 20 July. He Prize of the French Academy of Sciences, leaves behind an impressive body of work the Ricard Prize of the French Society of in the diffi cult domain of quantum fi eld Physics, the Max-Planck Medal, and the theory, as well as a vast empty space in the Dannie Heineman Prize of Mathematical community of theoretical physicists. Physics. He was a corresponding member of Taking an equal interest in the use of the French Academy of Sciences as well as a quantum fi eld theory in particle physics as Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur. in its mathematical structures, Raymond A brilliant mathematical physicist and Stora signifi cantly participated for a particularly gifted particle physicist, more than half a century in important Raymond Stora was a man of immense developments such as the relativistic culture beyond the sciences. He loved invariance in quantum fi eld theory or the arts and books, especially those of the instanton theory. In the 1970s, his work with 16th century, because they were the fi rst C Becchi and A Rouet in the framework of printed texts to be published. But his main the renormalisation of non-Abelian gauge concern was in helping his fellow human theories – a basis for the unifi cation of beings to realise their full potential. He was electromagnetic and weak interactions – a gentle, kind and fair man, exceptionally led to the famous “BRS transformation”, generous with the most precious thing: his named after its authors, and which cannot time. With his eclectic knowledge, he spared be ignored by any student of theoretical Raymond Stora. (Image credit: Stora family.) no effort in guiding, correcting and advising physics. people, encouraging without ever judging Raymond Stora defended his thesis In the last few years, Raymond Stora was others, particularly young physicists. A man at MIT, then became a member of the emeritus director of research at the CNRS, of conviction, he was driven by an incredible Department of Theoretical Physics at as well as emeritus researcher at the Theory intellectual vivacity and extraordinary the CEA in Saclay, from 1957 to 1970. Division of CERN. foresight. He was both demanding and He then joined the CNRS and became tolerant, in his work as well as in his personal director of the Laboratory of Theoretical International reach life: demanding towards himself, demanding Physics in Marseilles. At the beginning of Raymond Stora occupied several positions for the truth, tolerant of different scientifi c the 1980s, after several long-term visits of responsibility at various national ideas and tolerant of others. to CERN, his career led him to Annecy, and international levels, in particular Raymond was a master, a respected and Mileon®, the world’s where he played a fundamental and vital as president of the Theoretical Physics beloved man. Some scientists deserve the longest copper hollow role in the development of the group that Commission of the CNRS and as director term of humanist, and Raymond Stora was conductor, enables the Hot or cold manufacture of magnet

was to become the LAPTh, Laboratory of of the School of Physics at Les Houches. defi nitely one of them. coils without joints. Annecy-le-Vieux of Theoretical Physics. He was also awarded several national and ● His friends and colleagues. Luvata is the industry leader in providing p r i Z E the best in both superconductors and

career interruptions) following the PhD (or committee to evaluate the nominee’s hollow conductors. We’re helping create www.luvata.com/hollow-conductors IUPAP Young equivalent) degree.” contribution to, and its direct impact, on magnetic fields for industry and science Nominations by one or two nominators the fi eld. Copper stabilized Scientist Prize In (and distinct from the nominee) are open Nominations for prizes to be awarded around the world. niobium-titanium (NbTi) and niobium-tin (Nb3Sn) to all experimental and theoretical nuclear at the next International Nuclear conductors for a variety Nuclear Physics physicists. The nomination package should Physics Conference, to be held on 11 to of superconducting contain, in addition to the nomination letter, 16 September 2016, in Adelaide, Australia, applications. at least two further letters of support, and the should be e-mailed, by 1 December 2015, This prize was established by IUPAP in 2005 curriculum vitae of the nominee, which also to the chair of the IUPAP Commission of at the time of the General Assembly in Cape contains the list of publications. Three prizes Nuclear Physics (C12), Professor Alinka www.luvata.com/superconductors Town, South Africa. will ordinarily be awarded at the time of the Lépine-Szily, to [email protected], with the The purpose of this prize, which consists tri-annual International Nuclear Physics subject line “IUPAP prize nomination”. of €1000, a medal, and a certifi cate Conference. citing the recipient’s contributions, is “To The deadline for nominations is C O r r E C t i O n recognise and encourage very promising 1 December 2015. The additional letters experimental or theoretical research in supporting the nomination should detail the An unfortunate error crept in to the fi gure nuclear physics, including the advancement expected signifi cance of the contributions published on page 9 of the September issue. of a method, a procedure, a technique, or a of the nominee to nuclear physics. To The units used in the ordinate of the graph www.luvata.com device that contributes in a signifi cant way underline this, additional material such in fi gure 5 had (pp) instead of (pb), which to nuclear-physics research. Candidates for as published articles can be added to stands for “picobarn”. The error has been the prize must have a maximum of eight the nomination package. In particular, corrected in the online and archived version years of research experience (excluding information that allows the selection of the journal.

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Luvata_SC_MileonAd.indd 1 ad_2014_portrait_2.indd 6 05/03/201415/09/2015 08:17 11:53 CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 5 N u m b e r 9 N o v e mber 2 0 1 5 CERN Courier November 2015 Faces & Places Raymond Stora 1930–2015

A great fi gure of theoretical physics, international scientifi c prizes: the Joannidès Raymond Stora passed away on 20 July. He Prize of the French Academy of Sciences, leaves behind an impressive body of work the Ricard Prize of the French Society of in the diffi cult domain of quantum fi eld Physics, the Max-Planck Medal, and the theory, as well as a vast empty space in the Dannie Heineman Prize of Mathematical community of theoretical physicists. Physics. He was a corresponding member of Taking an equal interest in the use of the French Academy of Sciences as well as a quantum fi eld theory in particle physics as Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur. in its mathematical structures, Raymond A brilliant mathematical physicist and Stora signifi cantly participated for a particularly gifted particle physicist, more than half a century in important Raymond Stora was a man of immense developments such as the relativistic culture beyond the sciences. He loved invariance in quantum fi eld theory or the arts and books, especially those of the instanton theory. In the 1970s, his work with 16th century, because they were the fi rst C Becchi and A Rouet in the framework of printed texts to be published. But his main the renormalisation of non-Abelian gauge concern was in helping his fellow human theories – a basis for the unifi cation of beings to realise their full potential. He was electromagnetic and weak interactions – a gentle, kind and fair man, exceptionally led to the famous “BRS transformation”, generous with the most precious thing: his named after its authors, and which cannot time. With his eclectic knowledge, he spared be ignored by any student of theoretical Raymond Stora. (Image credit: Stora family.) no effort in guiding, correcting and advising physics. people, encouraging without ever judging Raymond Stora defended his thesis In the last few years, Raymond Stora was others, particularly young physicists. A man at MIT, then became a member of the emeritus director of research at the CNRS, of conviction, he was driven by an incredible Department of Theoretical Physics at as well as emeritus researcher at the Theory intellectual vivacity and extraordinary the CEA in Saclay, from 1957 to 1970. Division of CERN. foresight. He was both demanding and He then joined the CNRS and became tolerant, in his work as well as in his personal director of the Laboratory of Theoretical International reach life: demanding towards himself, demanding Physics in Marseilles. At the beginning of Raymond Stora occupied several positions for the truth, tolerant of different scientifi c the 1980s, after several long-term visits of responsibility at various national ideas and tolerant of others. to CERN, his career led him to Annecy, and international levels, in particular Raymond was a master, a respected and Mileon®, the world’s where he played a fundamental and vital as president of the Theoretical Physics beloved man. Some scientists deserve the longest copper hollow role in the development of the group that Commission of the CNRS and as director term of humanist, and Raymond Stora was conductor, enables the Hot or cold manufacture of magnet

was to become the LAPTh, Laboratory of of the School of Physics at Les Houches. defi nitely one of them. coils without joints. Annecy-le-Vieux of Theoretical Physics. He was also awarded several national and ● His friends and colleagues. Luvata is the industry leader in providing p r i Z E the best in both superconductors and

career interruptions) following the PhD (or committee to evaluate the nominee’s hollow conductors. We’re helping create www.luvata.com/hollow-conductors IUPAP Young equivalent) degree.” contribution to, and its direct impact, on magnetic fields for industry and science Nominations by one or two nominators the fi eld. Copper stabilized Scientist Prize In (and distinct from the nominee) are open Nominations for prizes to be awarded around the world. niobium-titanium (NbTi) and niobium-tin (Nb3Sn) to all experimental and theoretical nuclear at the next International Nuclear conductors for a variety Nuclear Physics physicists. The nomination package should Physics Conference, to be held on 11 to of superconducting contain, in addition to the nomination letter, 16 September 2016, in Adelaide, Australia, applications. at least two further letters of support, and the should be e-mailed, by 1 December 2015, This prize was established by IUPAP in 2005 curriculum vitae of the nominee, which also to the chair of the IUPAP Commission of at the time of the General Assembly in Cape contains the list of publications. Three prizes Nuclear Physics (C12), Professor Alinka www.luvata.com/superconductors Town, South Africa. will ordinarily be awarded at the time of the Lépine-Szily, to [email protected], with the The purpose of this prize, which consists tri-annual International Nuclear Physics subject line “IUPAP prize nomination”. of €1000, a medal, and a certifi cate Conference. citing the recipient’s contributions, is “To The deadline for nominations is C O r r E C t i O n recognise and encourage very promising 1 December 2015. The additional letters experimental or theoretical research in supporting the nomination should detail the An unfortunate error crept in to the fi gure nuclear physics, including the advancement expected signifi cance of the contributions published on page 9 of the September issue. of a method, a procedure, a technique, or a of the nominee to nuclear physics. To The units used in the ordinate of the graph www.luvata.com device that contributes in a signifi cant way underline this, additional material such in fi gure 5 had (pp) instead of (pb), which to nuclear-physics research. Candidates for as published articles can be added to stands for “picobarn”. The error has been the prize must have a maximum of eight the nomination package. In particular, corrected in the online and archived version years of research experience (excluding information that allows the selection of the journal.

40

Luvata_SC_MileonAd.indd 1 ad_2014_portrait_2.indd 6 05/03/201415/09/2015 08:17 11:53 CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 5 N u m b e r 9 N o v e mber 2 0 1 5 CERN Courier November 2015

WEBINAR SERIES Recruitment

F o r advertising e n q u i r i e s , c o n ta c t CERN C o u R i E R recruitment / c l a s s i F i e d, ioP P u b l i s h i n g , te m P l e c i r c u s , te m P l e Way, b r i s t o l bs1 6hg, uK. te l +44 (0)117 930 1264 Fa x +44 (0)117 930 1178 e- m a i l s a l e s @ cerncourier . c o m Particle-tracing P l e a s e c o n ta c t u s F o r inFormation a b o u t r at e s , c o l o u r o P t i o n s , Publication d at e s a n d d e a d l i n e s . simulations with COMSOL Multiphysics Postdoctoral Research Positions LIGO Laboratory The Particle Tracing Module extends the functionality of the COMSOL Multiphysics California Institute of Technology (Caltech) modelling environment to allow the computation of the trajectories of particles in Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) fluids and charged particles in electromagnetic fields. The particles can be subjected to a wide The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) has as its goal the development of gravitational wave physics and astronomy. The variety of forces, such as electrical, drag and LIGO Laboratory is managed by Caltech and MIT, and is funded by the National Science Foundation. It operates observatory sites equipped with laser thermophoretic, as well as particle-particle interferometric detectors at Hanford, Washington and Livingston, Louisiana. A major upgrade (Advanced LIGO) has just been completed and the new LIGO detector has just begun a series of observing runs to search for gravitational waves. A vigorous LIGO Laboratory R&D program supports the development and fluid-particle interactions. This webinar of enhancements to the LIGO detector as well as astrophysical data analysis, and development of future detector technologies. introduces particle tracing for applications Sponsored by The LIGO Laboratory anticipates having one or possibly more postdoctoral research positions at one or more of the LIGO sites – Caltech, MIT and at the such as erosion, etching, mixing, filtration, two LIGO Observatories in Hanford, WA and Livingston, LA – beginning in Fall 2016. Hires will be made based on the availability of funding. Successful mass spectrometry, ion optics and beam JOIN US FOR THIS FREE WEBINAR applicants will be involved in the operation of LIGO itself, analysis of LIGO data, both for diagnostic purposes and astrophysics searches, as well as the physics. The webinar includes a demonstration R&D program for future detector improvements. We seek candidates across a broad range of disciplines. Expertise related to astrophysics, modeling, and ends with a Q&A session. Wednesday 11 November 2015, 3.00 p.m. GMT data analysis, electronics, laser and quantum optics, vibration isolation and control systems is desirable. Most importantly, candidates should be broadly trained physicists, willing to learn new experimental and analytical techniques, and ready to share in the excitement of building, operating and observing with a gravitational-wave observatory. Appointments at the post-doctoral level will initially be for one-year with the possibility of renewal for up to two subsequent years. Register now at physicsworld.com/cws/go/webinar48 Applications for post-doctoral research positions with LIGO Laboratory should indicate which LIGO site (Caltech, MIT, Hanford, or Livingston) is preferred by the applicant. Applications should be sent to [email protected] (Electronic Portable Document Format (PDF) submittals are preferred). Caltech and MIT are Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity employers. Women, minorities, veterans, and disabled persons are encouraged to apply. Applications should include curriculum vitae, list of publications (with refereed articles noted), and the names, addresses, email addresses and telephone numbers of three or more references. Applicants should request that three or more letters of recommendations be sent directly to [email protected] (Electronic Portable Document Format (PDF) submittals are preferred). Consideration of applications will begin December 1, 2015 and will continue until all positions have been filled.

Caltech and MIT are Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employers Women, Minorities, Veterans and Disabled Persons are encouraged to apply More information about LIGO available at www.ligo.caltech.edu

Totally New Neutron POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of Detector Technology Under the Universe,The University of Tokyo, Japan Neutron absorption on10 B produces a 4He - 7Li pair of Development ions emitting light in scintillation gas The “Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe” (Kavli IPMU) the XMASS dark matter experiment, the KamLAND-Zen neutrino experiment, is an international research institute with English as its official language established the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) project for weak lensing surveys and Prime Focus in October 2007. The goal of the institute is to discover the fundamental laws Spectrograph (PFS) for the dark energy at the Subaru Telescope, GADZOOKS! at • Low voltage, low power, lightweight, low sensitivity of nature and to understand the universe from the synergistic perspectives of Super-Kamiokande, the Belle II experiment, T2K long baseline neutrino experiment, to gammas, low dead-time mathematics, statistics, theoretical and experimental physics, and astronomy. We SDSS-IV for a survey of galaxies, POLARBEAR CMB B-mode polarization measure- are particularly interested in candidates with broad interests and a willingness to ment, and R&D for future large neutrino detectors and the LiteBIRD satellite. • Technology scales from pocket size to full coverage interact with people across disciplines. We have embarked on a new frontier field of statistical computational cosmology. of cargo containers and neutron detectors We intend to offer more than a dozen postdocs with three-year terms. We seek We plan to develop applications to statistically extract cosmological parameters to build a diverse, highly interactive membership, and female and international from a huge dataset from the Subaru wide field survey. We have a few positions High spatial and time resolution capable applicants are strongly encouraged. We have generous travel support for our for this project which is supported by CREST from Japan Science and Technology • postdocs, and encourage full-time members to be away from the Institute for Agency (JST). between 1 and 3 months every year. The search is open until filled, but for full considerations please submit the BNNT, LLC The focus of Kavli IPMU includes but is not limited to: all areas of mathematics (e.g. applications and letters on the application form by Dec 1, 2015 algebra, geometry, analysis, and statistics); string theory and mathematical physics; 300 Ed Wright Lane, Suite A, Newport News, VA 23606-4384 particle theory, collider phenomenology, beyond the standard model physics Further information can be found here: http://www.ipmu.jp/job-opportunities +1.757.369.1939 www.bnnt.com [email protected] Patents pending BNNT manufactured by proprietary synthesis process phenomenology; cosmology and astrophysics theory; astronomy and observational cosmology; and particle and underground experiments. We are leading efforts on For inquiries please contact: [email protected]

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