DOCSLIB.ORG

Using Geographic Information Systems to Increase Citizen Engagement

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Using Geographic Information Systems to Increase Citizen Engagement Using Geographic Information Systems to Increase Citizen Engagement Sukumar Ganapati Assistant Professor Public Administration Department School of International and Public Affairs College of Arts and Sciences Florida International University E-Government/Technology Series 2 0 1 0 E-GOVERNMENT/TECHNOLOGY SERIES Using Geographic Information Systems to Increase Citizen Engagement Sukumar Ganapati Assistant Professor Public Administration Department School of International and Public Affairs College of Arts and Sciences Florida International University TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ..............................................................................................4 Executive Summary ..............................................................................6 Introduction: Evolution of Geographic Information Systems ...............9 First Wave: Desktop GIS ...................................................................9 Second Wave: Web GIS .................................................................10 Third Wave: Geospatial Web 2.0 Platform .....................................11 Citizen-Oriented Geospatial Web 2.0 e-Government Applications ...13 Citizen-Oriented Transit Information ..............................................13 Citizen Relationship Management ..................................................15 Citizen-Volunteered Geographic Information .................................18 Citizen Participation in Planning and Decision Making ................21 The Future of GIS-Enabled Citizen Participation in Decision Making: Challenges and Opportunities ..............................................25 Introduction ..................................................................................25 Challenges to Online Participation ................................................26 Four Aspects of Using GIS to Increase Public Participation ...........27 Looking Ahead: Future Trends ............................................................29 Appendix: State Geospatial Data Clearinghouses ..............................33 References .........................................................................................35 About the Author ...............................................................................42 Key Contact Information ....................................................................43 3 USING GEOGRAPHIC Information SYSTEMS to INCREASE CITIzEN Engagement FOREWORD On behalf of the IBM Center for The Business of Government, we are pleased to present this report, “Using Geographic Information Systems to Increase Citizen Engagement,” by Sukumar Ganapati. Professor Ganapati traces the evolution of the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in government, with a focus on the use of GIS by local gov- ernment. The first wave (desktop GIS) was largely geared to professional planners and was of limited use to citizens. The second wave (web GIS) saw the increased use by citizens of GIS on the Internet. The current third wave (Geospatial Web 2.0 platforms) has seen GIS become more interactive with Web 2.0 features and accessible through mobile phone and other handheld Jonathan D. Breul devices. The third wave has seen a dramatic increase in the use of GIS by citizens, such as obtaining transit and crime information. Professor Ganapati presents several case examples of how GIS is now being used by local governments across the nation. The potential use of Internet-ready mobile phones, coupled with enhanced GIS capabilities, is seen clearly by the research firm Gartner’s prediction that such devices will surpass the numbers of computers in the world by 2013. Of special interest to Professor Ganapati is the potential use of GIS in reaching out to citizens to increase their participation in planning and decisionmaking. He concludes that, while progress has been slow in this area, there is great potential for government and other groups to use GIS to increase citizen Curtis Clark participation. 4 IBM Center for The Business of Government USING GEOGRAPHIC Information SYSTEMS to INCREASE CITIzEN Engagement This report continues the IBM Center’s longtime interest in enhancing citi- zen participation in government decision-making. Recent reports exploring this important topic include “Leveraging Web 2.0 in Government” (by Ai-Mei Chang and P.K. Kannan) and “Public Deliberation: A Manager’s Guide to Citizen Engagement” (by Carolyn Lukensmeyer and Lars Hasselblad Torres). A 2002 study, “From E-Government to M-Government? Emerging Practices in the Use of Mobile Technology by State Governments” (by M. Jae Moon), envisioned the increased use of handheld devices and GIS. We hope that this report serves as a useful and informative introduction to the potential use of Geographic Information Systems as a tool to improve citizen participation in government at all levels. Jonathan D. Breul Curtis Clark Executive Director Global Director, Regional and Local Government IBM Center for The Business of Government IBM Public Sector [email protected] [email protected] www.businessofgovernment.org 5 USING GEOGRAPHIC Information SYSTEMS to INCREASE CITIzEN Engagement EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are techno- ronment, wherein spatial data can be overlaid logical tools to depict spatial information visually on existing map servers through application pro- and to conduct spatial analysis. GIS is commonly gramming interfaces. For example, Google defined as “a system of hardware, software, data, Earth, Google Maps, Microsoft’s Bing Maps, and people, organizations and institutional arrangements Yahoo Maps provide a base platform on which for collecting, storing, analyzing, and disseminating other spatial data can be added. information about areas of the earth” (Dueker and Kjerne, 1989, 7-8). There has been significant The focus of this report is on the prospects of the growth since the 1990s in the adoption of GIS by Geospatial Web 2.0 platform for citizen-oriented local governments across the United States and in public services. many other countries. In parallel with that growth has been the effort to apply GIS methods to citizen- The traditional desktop-based GIS was accessible oriented public services. Indeed, Public Participation only to technical experts and professionals, because GIS (PPGIS), which broadly refers to citizen partici- expertise was needed to use the highly technical pation in enhancing public services and decision software running on a desktop computer. With the making using GIS, is a major theme of GIS research. adaptation of GIS to the Internet through Web GIS This report examines the future of citizen-oriented and Geospatial Web 2.0 platforms, GIS became services in local e-government due to recent increasingly accessible to lay users. With the newer advances in GIS technology. generations of “smart” phones [equipped with both GIS and global positioning system (GPS) capabili- GIS technology has rapidly evolved since the 1990s ties], social networking sites such as Facebook, and in three broad technological waves: the traditional microblogging sites such as Twitter, the Geospatial desktop GIS, the Web GIS, and the Geospatial Web Web 2.0 platform has the power to harness public 2.0 platform. GIS software across all three waves is participation in real time. For example, citizens can both proprietary and open source: use Geospatial Web 2.0 platforms to report the loca- • First wave: The traditional desktop GIS encom- tions of potholes, water leaks, accidents, and other passed stand-alone GIS applications running on events that should be addressed by municipal agen- personal computers. These GIS applications cies. The recent advances in GIS technology hold offered powerful methods for producing maps great potential for citizen-oriented services. on the fly and for conducting spatial analyses. Four substantive areas of citizen-oriented services • Second wave: With the advent of Web GIS (also for GIS applications are reviewed in this report: referred to as Online GIS or Internet GIS) in the • Citizen-oriented transit information. In terms 1990s, GIS became integrated with the Internet. of transit information, the Geospatial Web 2.0 Web GIS maps broadened GIS accessibility to platforms can take advantage of the Internet to anyone with a computer and Internet connection. provide real-time reports on traffic conditions, • Third wave: The Geospatial Web 2.0 platform is directions, and transit options based on the the adaptation of Web GIS to the Web 2.0 envi- user’s origin and destination. 6 IBM Center for The Business of Government USING GEOGRAPHIC Information SYSTEMS to INCREASE CITIzEN Engagement • Citizen relationship management (CiRM). With their citizen-oriented public services and to seek the integration of nonemergency citizen service greater participation. As this report describes, entre- requests through centralized call centers (e.g., preneurial local governments have begun to take 311), CiRM has become crucial to the routing of advantage of these opportunities. In principle, GIS such requests to the appropriate department and should particularly benefit those public services that the tracking of their fulfillment. Integrating CiRM have a spatial dimension. The transit agencies, plan- with the Geospatial Web 2.0 platform allows ning departments, 311 call centers, and real estate the geographic tracking of citizen demands. agencies have been among the early adopters of GIS. A number of additional agencies—including public • Citizen-volunteered geographic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Geohack - Boroo Gold Mine
    GeoHack - Boroo Gold Mine DMS 48° 44′ 45″ N, 106° 10′ 10″ E Decim al 48.745833, 106.169444 Geo URI geo:48.745833,106.169444 UTM 48U 585970 5399862 More formats... Type landmark Region MN Article Boroo Gold Mine (edit | report inaccu racies) Contents: Global services · Local services · Photos · Wikipedia articles · Other Popular: Bing Maps Google Maps Google Earth OpenStreetMap Global/Trans-national services Wikimedia maps Service Map Satellite More JavaScript disabled or out of map range. ACME Mapper Map Satellite Topo, Terrain, Mapnik Apple Maps (Apple devices Map Satellite only) Bing Maps Map Aerial Bird's Eye Blue Marble Satellite Night Lights Navigator Copernix Map Satellite Fourmilab Satellite GeaBios Satellite GeoNames Satellite Text (XML) Google Earthnote Open w/ meta data Terrain, Street View, Earth Map Satellite Google Maps Timelapse GPS Visualizer Map Satellite Topo, Drawing Utility HERE Map Satellite Terrain MapQuest Map Satellite NASA World Open Wind more maps, Nominatim OpenStreetMap Map (reverse geocoding), OpenStreetBrowser Sentinel-2 Open maps.vlasenko.net Old Soviet Map Waze Map Editor, App: Open, Navigate Wikimapia Map Satellite + old places WikiMiniAtlas Map Yandex.Maps Map Satellite Zoom Earth Satellite Photos Service Aspect WikiMap (+Wikipedia), osm-gadget-leaflet Commons map (+Wikipedia) Flickr Map, Listing Loc.alize.us Map VirtualGlobetrotting Listing See all regions Wikipedia articles Aspect Link Prepared by Wikidata items — Article on specific latitude/longitude Latitude 48° N and Longitude 106° E — Articles on
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Credibility of Volunteered Geographic Information: the Case of Openstreetmap
    ASSESSING THE CREDIBILITY OF VOLUNTEERED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: THE CASE OF OPENSTREETMAP BANI IDHAM MUTTAQIEN February, 2017 SUPERVISORS: Dr. F.O. Ostermann Dr. ir. R.L.G. Lemmens ASSESSING THE CREDIBILITY OF VOLUNTEERED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: THE CASE OF OPENSTREETMAP BANI IDHAM MUTTAQIEN Enschede, The Netherlands, February, 2017 Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. Specialization: Geoinformatics SUPERVISORS: Dr. F.O. Ostermann Dr.ir. R.L.G. Lemmens THESIS ASSESSMENT BOARD: Prof. Dr. M.J. Kraak (Chair) Dr. S. Jirka (External Examiner, 52°North Initiative for Geospatial Open Source Software GmbH) DISCLAIMER This document describes work undertaken as part of a program of study at the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the Faculty. ABSTRACT The emerging paradigm of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) in the geospatial domain is interesting research since the use of this type of information in a wide range of applications domain has grown extensively. It is important to identify the quality and fitness-of-use of VGI because of non- standardized and crowdsourced data collection process as well as the unknown skill and motivation of the contributors. Assessing the VGI quality against external data source is still debatable due to lack of availability of external data or even uncomparable. Hence, this study proposes the intrinsic measure of quality through the notion of credibility.
    [Show full text]
  • Participatory Geographic Information Systems and Land Planning Life Experiences for People Empowerment and Community Transforma
    PARTICIPATORY GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND LAND PLANNING LIFE EXPERIENCES FOR PEOPLE EMPOWERMENT AND COMMUNITY TRANSFORMATION FRANÇOISE ORBAN-FERAUGE FUNDP, NAMUR, BELGIUM [email protected] In collaboration with V.Aguilar, E. Alarcon, A. Carmona, N. Daix, B. Denil, A. Ignacio, J. Martinez, M. McCall, G.Miscione, E. Olivarez, M. Pandan. G. Rambaldi, R. Teruel, J. Verplanke 1 « I cannot think for others, through others, without others” (P.Freire) To Abet, Ana, Andres, Ating, Barbara, Baudouin, Belle, Bernard, Cesar, Cherie, Ching, Denise, Frédérique, Gérard, Gussy, Eric, Gwénaël, Ian, Iris, Jean-Paul, Jo, Joel, John-Paul, Julie, Laurent, Lito, Liza, Louie, Minmin, Mummy, Nenita, Nicolas, Nilo, Noel, Ophélie, Pedro, Pierre, Popoy, Rachel, Riggs, Rita, Robert, Romy, Roni, Ross, Sabine, Sharon, Stéphane, Sylvia, Terai, Vincent, Vir, Weng, Yvan. Thank you for your sharing. Thank you for your friendship. Thank you for embracing our common cause. Françoise 2 Preface .............................................................................................................................................6 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................8 Chapter 1. Concepts and Methods ...............................................................................................10 1.1. History.............................................................................................................................10 1.1.1. Participatory
    [Show full text]
  • 16 Volunteered Geographic Information
    16 Volunteered Geographic Information Serena Coetzee, South Africa 16.1 Introduction In its early days the World Wide Web contained static read-only information. It soon evolved into an interactive platform, known as Web.2.0, where content is added and updated all the time. Blogging, wikis, video sharing and social media are examples of Web.2.0. This type of content is referred to as user-generated content. Volunteered geographic information (VGI) is a special kind of user-generated content. It refers to geographic information collected and shared voluntarily by the general public. Web.2.0 and associated advances in web mapping technologies have greatly enhanced the abilities to collect, share and interact with geographic information online, leading to VGI. Crowdsourcing is the method of accomplishing a task, such as problem solving or the collection of information, by an open call for contributions. Instead of appointing a person or company to collect information, contributions from individuals are integrated in order to accomplish the task. Contributions are typically made online through an interactive website. Figure 16.1 The OpenStreetMap map page. In the subsequent sub-sections, examples of crowdsourcing and volunteered geographic information establishment and growth of OpenStreetMap have been devices, aerial photography, and other free sources. This are described, namely OpenStreetMap, Tracks4Africa, restrictions on the use or availability of geospatial crowdsourced data is then made available under the the Southern African Bird Atlas Project.2 and Wikimapia. information across much of the world and the advent of Open Database License. The site is supported by the In the additional sub-sections a step-by-step guide to inexpensive portable satellite navigation devices.
    [Show full text]
  • Deriving Incline for Street Networks from Voluntarily Collected GPS Traces
    Methods of Geoinformation Science Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science Faculty VI Planning Building Environment MASTER’S THESIS Deriving incline for street networks from voluntarily collected GPS traces Submitted by: Steffen John Matriculation number: 343372 Email: [email protected] Supervisors: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Marc-O. Löwner (TU Berlin) Dr.-Ing. Stefan Hahmann (Universität Heidelberg) Submission date: 24.07.2015 in cooperation with: GIScience Group Institute of Geography Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences Declaration of Authorship I, Steffen John, declare that this thesis titled, 'Deriving incline for street networks from voluntarily collected GPS traces’ and the work presented in it are my own. I confirm that: This work was done wholly or mainly while in candidature for a research degree at this Uni- versity. Where any part of this thesis has previously been submitted for a degree or any other qualifi- cation at this University or any other institution, this has been clearly stated. Where I have consulted the published work of others, this is always clearly attributed. Where I have quoted from the work of others, the source is always given. With the exception of such quotations, this thesis is entirely my own work. I have acknowledged all main sources of help. Where the thesis is based on work done by myself jointly with others, I have made clear exact- ly what was done by others and what I have contributed myself. Signed: Date: ii Abstract The knowledge of incline is useful for many use-cases in navigation for electricity-powered vehicles, cyclists or mobility-restricted people (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • India Map with Directions Hd
    India Map With Directions Hd immobilisingSansone is proprioceptive: or pulverising willy-nilly.she intonates Autumnal sunwise and and crenate long herFrankie tuberosities. never tappings Disorienting critically and when trickiest Sloan Darrick overselling prenotify his her cumarin. temporary Maps on or directions for. Mawsynram in the world with india political boundaries, you get your feedback back country to be measur. Some features a map with india to the direction and not available in nainital? Are you wish to. Complete the direction line features a bunch look for the menu will appear here. The direction is it with no space to. I N D I A N O C E A N A Y O F BENGAL N I N D I A States and Union Territories New Delhi Srinagar Shimla Chandigarh Dehradun Jaipur Gandhinagar. It with india can be noted. On Wednesday the storm made landfall on India's eastern coast when wind speeds between 100 and 115 miles per hour. The direction is nepal and sichuan airline have traveled from nasa. Environmental issues for india with compass rose an abundance of northern border with artistic hindu goddess of these cities. Maps depict production and maps service during its landscape with india, and powerful developer tools to that they always reliable crossing could be an informative guide providing a block after day. Old is india with any particular place where many years, mouths of northern and myanmar. 41 Best Map of India With States ideas india map india. Campus Maps and Directions University Information. Google Maps. Read about major cities. Administered zone in india with a simple.
    [Show full text]
  • Crowdsourcing, Citizen Science Or Volunteered Geographic Information? the Current State of Crowdsourced Geographic Information
    International Journal of Geo-Information Article Crowdsourcing, Citizen Science or Volunteered Geographic Information? The Current State of Crowdsourced Geographic Information Linda See 1,*, Peter Mooney 2, Giles Foody 3, Lucy Bastin 4, Alexis Comber 5, Jacinto Estima 6, Steffen Fritz 1, Norman Kerle 7, Bin Jiang 8, Mari Laakso 9, Hai-Ying Liu 10, Grega Milˇcinski 11, Matej Nikšiˇc 12, Marco Painho 6, Andrea P˝odör 13, Ana-Maria Olteanu-Raimond 14 and Martin Rutzinger 15 1 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg A2361, Austria; [email protected] 2 Department of Computer Science, Maynooth University, Maynooth W23 F2H6, Ireland; [email protected] 3 School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; [email protected] 4 School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; [email protected] 5 School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; [email protected] 6 NOVA IMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), 1070-312 Lisboa, Portugal; [email protected] (J.E.); [email protected] (M.P.) 7 Department of Earth Systems Analysis, ITC/University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands; [email protected] 8 Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Division of GIScience, University of Gävle, Gävle 80176, Sweden; [email protected] 9 Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, Kirkkonummi 02430, Finland; mari.laakso@nls.fi 10 Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller 2027, Norway; [email protected]
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Utilization of Crowdsourcing And
    ABSTRACT UTILIZATION OF CROWDSOURCING AND VOLUNTEERED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION IN INTERNATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT by Julaiti Nilupaer Large-scale disasters result in enormous impacts on vulnerable communities worldwide, and data acquisition has become a major concern in this time-critical situation: the limitations of geospatial technologies impede the real-time data collection, also the absent or poor data collection in some regions. With the current advances of Web 2.0, crowdsourcing and Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) have become commonly used. As a potential solution to fill the gap of real-time geographic data, crowdsourcing and VGI enable timely information exchange through a voluntary approach and enhance amateur citizen participation. Importantly, such geographic information can substantially facilitate emergency coordination by fulfilling the needs of impacted communities and appropriately allocating relief supplies and funds. My research interest centers on the utilization of crowdsourcing and VGI for disaster management. Particularly, I work to explore their potential value and contributions by reviewing two notable and destructive disaster events as case studies: the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, and the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan. In addition, I examine the challenges of this information and seek potential solutions. This research aims to contribute a comprehensive qualitative analysis of how Volunteer and Technical Communities (V&TCs) have used crowdsourced data and VGI to enhance the coordination of disaster management.
    [Show full text]
  • Volunteered and Crowdsourced Geographic Information: the Openstreetmap Project
    JOURNAL OF SPATIAL INFORMATION SCIENCE Number 20 (2020), pp. 65–70 doi:10.5311/JOSIS.2020.20.659 INVITED ARTICLE Volunteered and crowdsourced geographic information: the OpenStreetMap project Michela Bertolotto1, Gavin McArdle1, and Bianca Schoen-Phelan2 1School of Computer Science, University College Dublin 2School of Computer Science, Technological University Dublin Received: February 28, 2020; accepted: May 12, 2020 Abstract: Advancements in technology over the last two decades have changed how spa- tial data are created and used. In particular, in the last decade, volunteered geographic information (VGI), i.e., the crowdsourcing of geographic information, has revolutionized the spatial domain by shifting the map-making process from the hands of experts to those of any willing contributor. Started in 2004, OpenStreetMap (OSM) is the pinnacle of VGI due to the large number of volunteers involved and the volume of spatial data generated. While the original objective of OSM was to create a free map of the world, its uses have shown how the potential of such an initiative goes well beyond map-making: ranging from projects such as the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap (HOT) project, that understands itself as a bridge between the OSM community and humanitarian responders, to collaborative projects such as Mapillary, where citizens take street-level images and the system aims to automate mapping. A common trend among these projects using OSM is the fact that the community dynamic tends to create spin-off projects. Currently, we see a drive towards projects that support sustainability goals using OSM. We discuss some such applications and highlight challenges posed by this new paradigm.
    [Show full text]
  • Neogeography and the Delusion of Democratisation
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UCL Discovery Haklay, M. (2013), Neogeography and the delusion of democratisation. The definitive, peer- reviewed and edited version of this article is published in Environment and Planning A 2013, 45(1), 55 – 69 doi:10.1068/a45184 Neogeography and the delusion of democratisation Mordechai (Muki) Haklay Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering UCL Gower St., London, WC1E 6BT United Kingdom [email protected] 1 Haklay, M. (2013), Neogeography and the delusion of democratisation. The definitive, peer- reviewed and edited version of this article is published in Environment and Planning A 2013, 45(1), 55 – 69 doi:10.1068/a45184 Neogeography and the delusion of democratisation Abstract Within the academic and popular discussion of neogeography, it is routinely argued that the process of producing and using geographical information has been fundamentally democratised. Neogeography, in contrast to ‘established geography’, especially uses the argument that it is for anyone, anywhere and anytime. Similar arguments have been used to praise the growth in Web GIS since the mid-1990s and seem to be persistent in the conceptualisation of these technologies. However, what is the nature of this democracy, and to what extent do the technologies that are used in neogeography fulfil this democratisation promise? In this contribution, the framework offered by Andrew Feenberg in his critical theory of technology, and especially his call for ‘deep democratisation’, is used to provide a critique of these assertions of the nature of neogeography. The analysis shows that, unlike early critical GIS and the literature on participatory GIS, the analysis of neogeography adopted an instrumentalist interpretation of the technology and its applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Shared Data Sources in the Geographical Domain— a Classification Schema and Corresponding Visualization Techniques
    International Journal of Geo-Information Article Shared Data Sources in the Geographical Domain— A Classification Schema and Corresponding Visualization Techniques Franz-Benjamin Mocnik * , Christina Ludwig , A. Yair Grinberger , Clemens Jacobs, Carolin Klonner and Martin Raifer Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (A.Y.G.); [email protected] (C.J.); [email protected] (C.K.); [email protected] (M.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 12 March 2019; Accepted: 15 May 2019; Published: 27 May 2019 Abstract: People share data in different ways. Many of them contribute on a voluntary basis, while others are unaware of their contribution. They have differing intentions, collaborate in different ways, and they contribute data about differing aspects. Shared Data Sources have been explored individually in the literature, in particular OpenStreetMap and Twitter, and some types of Shared Data Sources have widely been studied, such as Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), Ambient Geographic Information (AGI), and Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS). A thorough and systematic discussion of Shared Data Sources in their entirety is, however, still missing. For the purpose of establishing such a discussion, we introduce in this article a schema consisting of a number of dimensions for characterizing socially produced, maintained, and used ‘Shared Data Sources,’ as well as corresponding visualization techniques. Both the schema and the visualization techniques allow for a common characterization in order to set individual data sources into context and to identify clusters of Shared Data Sources with common characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:2009.08188V1 [Cs.CV] 17 Sep 2020 Update
    JOURNAL Deploying machine learning to assist digital humanitarians: making image annotation in OpenStreetMap more efficient John E. Vargas-Mu~noza*, Devis Tuiab, Alexandre X. Falc~aoa a Laboratory of Image Data Science, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; b Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands ARTICLE HISTORY Compiled September 18, 2020 ABSTRACT This is a preprint of the paper published in the International Journal of Geographical Information Science. The publisher version can be found here: https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2020.1814303 Locating populations in rural areas of developing countries has attracted the atten- tion of humanitarian mapping projects since it is important to plan actions that affect vulnerable areas. Recent efforts have tackled this problem as the detection of buildings in aerial images. However, the quality and the amount of rural building an- notated data in open mapping services like OpenStreetMap (OSM) is not sufficient for training accurate models for such detection. Although these methods have the potential of aiding in the update of rural building information, they are not accurate enough to automatically update the rural building maps. In this paper, we explore a human-computer interaction approach and propose an interactive method to sup- port and optimize the work of volunteers in OSM. The user is asked to verify/correct the annotation of selected tiles during several iterations and therefore improving the model with the new annotated data. The experimental results, with simulated and real user annotation corrections, show that the proposed method greatly reduces the amount of data that the volunteers of OSM need to verify/correct.
    [Show full text]