DOCSLIB.ORG

World Heritage Facts and Figures June 2012

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
World Heritage Facts and Figures June 2012 World Heritage Facts and Figures June 2012 There are 211 natural World Heritage Sites (183 classified as natural sites, and 28 mixed sites classified as both natural and cultural under the World Heritage Convention). 1 Natural World Heritage Sites are globally recognized as the world’s most important natural areas based on criteria that include scale of natural habitats, intactness of ecological processes, viability of populations of rare species, and rarity, notwithstanding aesthetic appeal which almost always accompany these natural wonders. IUCN is the advisory body to the World Heritage Committtee on natural and mixed World Heritage Sites and has been supporting the process to inscribe, monitor and effectively manage these sites for more than three decades, Natural and mixed World Heritage Sites protect over 266 million hectares (ha) of land and sea This figure amounts to around: . 11% of the total area of all recorded protected areas . 25% of the total area of all recorded marine protected areas . 6% of the total area of all recorded terrestrial protected areas Of all areas listed as protected areas in the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), World Heritage Sites include: • 16% of the total protected area in the Asia Pacific Region • 11% of the total protected area in Africa • 8% of the total protected area in Latin America and the Caribbean • 9% of the total protected area in the Arab States • 13% of the total protected area in Europe and North America. 89 countries have an area designated as a natural or mixed World Heritage Site. • In 21 countries the extent of World Heritage Sites is more than 25% of all protected areas • In 41 countries the extent of World Heritage Sites is more than 10% of all protected areas • More than half of the member states of the World Heritage Convention have no natural World Heritage Site. • Of all natural World Heritage Sites, 104 sites are forest sites, 45 are marine sites and 13 are transboundary sites More than a status symbol, World Heritage Sites often play a pivotal role in sustaining the livelihoods and cultures of indigenous peoples and local communities who have been living in harmony with the surrounding resources for centuries. Many natural World Heritage Sites face increasing pressure from resource extraction, climate change, human conflict and poaching and would benefit from stronger management measures. To date, 17 natural and mixed World Heritage Sites are on the UNESCO World Heritage Danger list. 1 IUCN, June 2010 (Sources: UNEP IUCN World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), UNESCO World Heritage Centre. The area figures used for the 40 largest sites are the figures currently recorded by UNESCO). The WDPA is a joint product of UNEP and IUCN, prepared by UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) and the IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas working with governments and collaborating NGOs (www.wdpa.org). With the exception of the total figures for the number of natural and mixed sites, figures do not include new sites inscribed since July 2008. Natural World Heritage Sites include many household names of conservation such as Ngorongoro, Kilimanjaro, Galapágos, Virunga National Park, the Grand Canyon and the Great Barrier Reef. The ten countries with the largest areas of natural and/or mixed World Heritage Sites are: The 10 countries with the largest natural/mixed World Heritage area Country or Territory Total area of World World Heritage Heritage Sites (ha) Area as % of national Protected Areas2 1. United States of America 46,504,289 19% 2. Australia 45,419,645 27% 3. Kiribati 40,825,812 91% 4. Russian Federation 22,120,829 9% 5. Ecuador 14,920,112 73% 6. Canada 10,691,411 12% 7. Niger 8,092,111 96% 8. Algeria 7,571,266 52% 9. Tanzania, United Republic 7,014,864 26% 10. Congo, The Democratic Republic 6,895,267 30% of The The average area of a natural World Heritage Site is c. 1,263,100 ha (12,631 square kilometers). Excluding the very large Phoenix Islands Protected Areas, Papahānaumokuākea and Great Barrier Reef, the average size is c. 727,000 ha (7,270 square kilometers). The 20 largest World Heritage Sites are the following: The 20 largest natural World Heritage Sites hectares 1. Phoenix Islands Protected Area (Kiribati 2010) 40,825,000 2. Papahānaumokuākea (United States of America 2010) 36,207,499 3. Great Barrier Reef (Australia 1981) 34,870,000 4. Galápagos Islands (Ecuador 1978) 14,066,514 5. Kluane / Wrangell-St Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek 9,839,121 (Canada / United States of America 1979) 6. Lake Baikal (Russian Federation 1996) 8,800,000 7. Aïr and Ténéré Natural Reserves (Niger 1991) 7,736,000 8. Tassili n’Ajjer (Algeria 1982) 7,200,000 9. Central Amazon Conservation Complex (Brazil 2000) 5,323,018 10. Selous Game Reserve (United Republic of Tanzania 1982) 5,000,000 11. Wood Buffalo National Park (Canada 1983) 4,480,000 12. Volcanoes of Kamchatka (Russian Federation 1996) 3,830,200 13. Salonga National Park (Democratic Republic of the Congo 1984) 3,600,000 14. Virgin Komi Forests (Russian Federation 1995) 3,280,000 15. Canaima National Park (Venezuela 1994) 3,000,000 16. Te Wahipounamu, South West New Zealand (New Zealand 1990) 2,600,000 17. Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra (Indonesia 2004) 2,595,124 18. Lorentz National Park (Indonesia 1999) 2,350,000 19. Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks (Canada 1984) 2,306,884 20. Shark Bay, Western Australia (Australia 1991) 2,197,300 . 2 The figure for national protected areas refers to all areas noted in the WDPA. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Télécharger La Carte Détaillée Du Territoire
    e r è z o L (zone inscrite) t l u a r é H Chiffres clés Portrait d'une inscription Key Figures Portrait of an inscription d r a G n o r y e v A Causses & Cévennes 22 000 habitants 3000 km² inscrits Authenticité Aveyron, Gard, Hérault, Lozère, quatre dont 50% de départements se partagent le patrimoine des Authenticity 1 400 éleveurs Causses et des Cévennes et s’associent pour vous Patrimoine Mondial de l'UNESCO This mountainous landscape located in the southern surfaces agricoles à le faire découvrir. part of central France is composed of deep valleys 140 000 brebis C’est un cadre naturel grandiose où depuis des which showcase the evolution of pastoral societies Les Causses et les Cévennes ont été inscrits le 28 juin 2011 sur la liste prestigieuse du Patrimoine Mondial de l’Humanité par l’UNESCO, au titre 80% pastorales millénaires, l’homme a patiemment façonné ces over three thousand years. de la Convention internationale pour la protection du patrimoine naturel et culturel. Cette inscription dans la catégorie des paysages culturels 22 000 inhabitants, 1 400 farmers, 140 000 sheep, 8 500 paysages méditerranéens. 8 500 chèvres The key detail about this landscape is its authenticity évolutifs et vivants porte en elle la reconnaissance internationale d’un territoire façonné par un agropastoralisme méditerranéen millénaire. goats, 8 500 cows. C’est tout un univers minéral où le schiste, le – ancient farms and villages, footpaths and shepherd 50% of farmlands composed of 80% of rangelands among granite et le calcaire se conjuguent pour dessiner trails, and remarkably well-preserved structures and The Causses and the Cevennes were added on the famous UNESCO World Heritage List in 2011 as a living and evolutive cultural landscape.
    [Show full text]
  • World Heritage Sites in India
    World Heritage Sites in India drishtiias.com/printpdf/world-heritage-sites-in-india A World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by UNESCO for its special cultural or physical significance. The list of World Heritage Sites is maintained by the international 'World Heritage Programme', administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) seeks to encourage the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity. This is embodied in an international treaty called the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted by UNESCO in 1972. India has 38 world heritage sites that include 30 Cultural properties, 7 Natural properties and 1 mixed site. Watch Video At: https://youtu.be/lOzxUVCCSug 1/11 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization It was founded in 1945 to develop the “intellectual and moral solidarity of mankind” as a means of building lasting peace. It is located in Paris, France. Cultural Sites in India (30) Agra Fort (1983) 16th-century Mughal monument Fortress of red sandstone It comprises the Jahangir Palace and the Khas Mahal, built by Shah Jahan; audience halls, such as the Diwan-i-Khas Ajanta Caves (1983) Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar (2016) Remains of a monastic and scholastic institution dating from the 3 rd century BCE to the 13th century CE. Includes stupas, shrines, viharas (residential and educational buildings) and important artworks in stucco, stone and metal. Considered to be the most ancient university of the Indian Subcontinent.
    [Show full text]
  • WAR and PROTECTED AREAS AREAS and PROTECTED WAR Vol 14 No 1 Vol 14 Protected Areas Programme Areas Protected
    Protected Areas Programme Protected Areas Programme Vol 14 No 1 WAR AND PROTECTED AREAS 2004 Vol 14 No 1 WAR AND PROTECTED AREAS 2004 Parks Protected Areas Programme © 2004 IUCN, Gland, Switzerland Vol 14 No 1 WAR AND PROTECTED AREAS 2004 ISSN: 0960-233X Vol 14 No 1 WAR AND PROTECTED AREAS CONTENTS Editorial JEFFREY A. MCNEELY 1 Parks in the crossfire: strategies for effective conservation in areas of armed conflict JUDY OGLETHORPE, JAMES SHAMBAUGH AND REBECCA KORMOS 2 Supporting protected areas in a time of political turmoil: the case of World Heritage 2004 Sites in the Democratic Republic of Congo GUY DEBONNET AND KES HILLMAN-SMITH 9 Status of the Comoé National Park, Côte d’Ivoire and the effects of war FRAUKE FISCHER 17 Recovering from conflict: the case of Dinder and other national parks in Sudan WOUTER VAN HOVEN AND MUTASIM BASHIR NIMIR 26 Threats to Nepal’s protected areas PRALAD YONZON 35 Tayrona National Park, Colombia: international support for conflict resolution through tourism JENS BRÜGGEMANN AND EDGAR EMILIO RODRÍGUEZ 40 Establishing a transboundary peace park in the demilitarized zone on the Kuwaiti/Iraqi borders FOZIA ALSDIRAWI AND MUNA FARAJ 48 Résumés/Resumenes 56 Subscription/advertising details inside back cover Protected Areas Programme Vol 14 No 1 WAR AND PROTECTED AREAS 2004 ■ Each issue of Parks addresses a particular theme, in 2004 these are: Vol 14 No 1: War and protected areas Vol 14 No 2: Durban World Parks Congress Vol 14 No 3: Global change and protected areas ■ Parks is the leading global forum for information on issues relating to protected area establishment and management ■ Parks puts protected areas at the forefront of contemporary environmental issues, such as biodiversity conservation and ecologically The international journal for protected area managers sustainable development ISSN: 0960-233X Published three times a year by the World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) of IUCN – Subscribing to Parks The World Conservation Union.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeological Park Or “Disneyland”? Conflicting Interests on Heritage At
    Égypte/Monde arabe 5-6 | 2009 Pratiques du Patrimoine en Égypte et au Soudan Archaeological Park or “Disneyland”? Conflicting Interests on Heritage at Naqa in Sudan Parc archéologique ou « Disneyland » ? Conflits d’intérêts sur le patrimoine à Naqa au Soudan Ida Dyrkorn Heierland Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/ema/2908 DOI: 10.4000/ema.2908 ISSN: 2090-7273 Publisher CEDEJ - Centre d’études et de documentation économiques juridiques et sociales Printed version Date of publication: 22 December 2009 Number of pages: 355-380 ISBN: 2-905838-43-4 ISSN: 1110-5097 Electronic reference Ida Dyrkorn Heierland, « Archaeological Park or “Disneyland”? Conflicting Interests on Heritage at Naqa in Sudan », Égypte/Monde arabe [Online], Troisième série, Pratiques du Patrimoine en Égypte et au Soudan, Online since 31 December 2010, connection on 19 April 2019. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/ema/2908 ; DOI : 10.4000/ema.2908 © Tous droits réservés IDA DYRKORN HEIERLAND ABSTRACT / RÉSUMÉ ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK OR “DISNEYLAND”? CONFLICTING INTERESTS ON HERITAGE AT NAQA IN SUDAN The article explores agencies and interests on different levels of scale permeat- ing the constituting, management and use of Sudan’s archaeological heritage today as seen through the case of Naqa. Securing the position of “unique” and “unspoiled sites”, the archaeological community and Sudanese museum staff seem to emphasize the archaeological heritage as an important means for constructing a national identity among Sudanese in general. The government, on the other hand, is mainly concerned with the World Heritage nomination as a possible way to promote Sudan’s global reputation and accelerate the economic exploitation of the most prominent archaeo- logical sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Online Journal in Public Archaeology
    ISSN: 2171-6315 Volume 3 - 2013 Editor: Jaime Almansa Sánchez www.arqueologiapublica.es AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology is edited by JAS Arqueología S.L.U. AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology Volume 3 - 2013 p. 46-73 Rescue Archaeology and Spanish Journalism: The Abu Simbel Operation Salomé ZURINAGA FERNÁNDEZ-TORIBIO Archaeologist and Museologist “The formula of journalism is: going, seeing, listening, recording and recounting.” — Enrique Meneses Abstract Building Aswan Dam brought an unprecedented campaign to rescue all the affected archaeological sites in the region. Among them, Abu Simbel, one of the Egyptian icons, whose relocation was minutely followed by the Spanish press. This paper analyzes this coverage and its impact in Spain, one of the participant countries. Keywords Abu Simbel, Journalism, Spain, Rescue Archaeology, Egypt The origin of the relocation and ethical-technical problems Since the formation of UNESCO in 1945, the organisation had never received a request such as the one they did in 1959, when the decision to build the Aswan High Dam (Saad el Aali)—first planned five years prior—was passed, creating the artificial Lake Nasser in Upper Egypt. This would lead to the spectacular International Monuments Rescue Campaign of Nubia that was completed on 10 March 1980. It was through the interest of a Frenchwoman named Christiane Desroches Noblecourt and UNESCO—with the international institution asking her for a complete listing of the temples and monuments that were to be submerged—as well as the establishment of the Documentation Centre in Cairo that the transfer was made possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeology Below Lahore Fort, UNESCO World Heritage Site, Pakistan: the Mughal Underground Chambers
    Archaeology below Lahore Fort, UNESCO World Heritage Site, Pakistan: The Mughal Underground Chambers Prepared by Rustam Khan For Global Heritage Fund Preservation Fellowship 2011 Acknowledgements: The author thanks the Director and staff of Lahore Fort for their cooperation in doing this report. Special mention is made of the photographer Amjad Javed who did all the photography for this project and Nazir the draughtsman who prepared the plans of the Underground Chambers. Map showing the location of Lahore Walled City (in red) and the Lahore Fort (in green). Note the Ravi River to the north, following its more recent path 1 Archaeology below Lahore Fort, UNESCO World Heritage Site, Pakistan 1. Background Discussion between the British Period historians like Cunningham, Edward Thomas and C.J Rodgers, regarding the identification of Mahmudpur or Mandahukukur with the present city of Lahore is still in need of authentic and concrete evidence. There is, however, consensus among the majority of the historians that Mahmud of Ghazna and his slave-general ”Ayyaz” founded a new city on the remains of old settlement located some where in the area of present Walled City of Lahore. Excavation in 1959, conducted by the Department of Archaeology of Pakistan inside the Lahore Fort, provided ample proof to support interpretation that the primeval settlement of Lahore was on this mound close to the banks of River Ravi. Apart from the discussion regarding the actual first settlement or number of settlements of Lahore, the only uncontroversial thing is the existence of Lahore Fort on an earliest settlement, from where objects belonging to as early as 4th century AD were recovered during the excavation conducted in Lahore Fort .
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation of Historic Monuments in Lahore: Lessons from Successes and Failures
    Pak. J. Engg. & Appl. Sci. Vol. 8, Jan., 2011 (p. 61-69) Conservation of Historic Monuments in Lahore: Lessons from Successes and Failures 1 Abdul Rehman 1 Department of Architecture, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore Abstract A number of conservation projects including World Heritage sites are underway in Lahore Pakistan. The most important concern for conservation of these monuments is to maintain authenticity in all aspects. Although we conserve, preserve and restore monuments we often neglect the aspects of authenticity from different angles. The paper will focus on three case studies built around 1640’s namely Shalamar garden, Shish Mahal and Jahangir’s tomb. The first two sites are included in the World Heritage List while the third one is a national monument and has a potential of being included in the world heritage list. Each one of these monument has a special quality of design and decorative finishes and its own peculiar conservation problems which need innovative solutions. The proposed paper will briefly discuss the history of architecture of these monuments, their conservation problems, and techniques adopted to revive them to the original glory. To what degree the government is successful in undertaking authentic conservation and restoration is examined. The paper draws conclusions with respect to successes and failures in these projects and sees to what degree the objectives of authenticity have been achieved. Key Words: Authenticity, World Heritage sites, Mughal period monuments, conservation in Lahore, role International agencies 1. Introduction 2. Authenticity and Conservation Lahore, cultural capital of Pakistan, is one of the Authentic conservation needs research most important centers of architecture (Figure 1) documentation and commitment for excellence.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Conservation Report by The
    Report on State of Conservation of World Heritage Property Fort & Shalamar Gardens Lahore, Pakistan January, 2019 Government of the Punjab Directorate General of Archaeology Youth Affairs, Sports, Archaeology and Tourism Department Table of Contents Sr. Page Item of Description No. No. 1. Executive Summary 1 2. Introduction 3 3. Part-1. Report on decision WHC/18/42.COM/7B.14 5 4. Part-2. Report on State of Conservation of Lahore Fort 13 5. Report on State of Conservation of Shalamar Gardens 37 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Fort & Shalamar Gardens in Lahore, Pakistan were inscribed on the World Heritage List of monuments in 1981. The state of Conservation of the Fort and Shalamar Gardens were discussed in the 42nd Session of the World Heritage Committee (WHC) in July, 2018 at Manama, Bahrain. In that particular session the Committee took various decisions and requested the State Party to implement them and submit a State of Conservation Report to the World Heritage Centre for its review in the 43rd Session of the World Heritage Committee. The present State of Conservation Report consists of two parts. In the first part, progress on the decisions of the 42nd Session of the WHC has been elaborated and the second part of the report deals with the conservation efforts of the State Party for Lahore Fort and Shalamar Gardens. Regarding implementation of Joint World Heritage Centre/ICOMOS Reactive Monitoring Mission (RMM) recommendations, the State Party convened a series of meetings with all the stakeholders including Federal Department of Archaeology, UNESCO Office Islamabad, President ICOMOS Pakistan, various government departments of the Punjab i.e., Punjab Mass-Transit Authority, Lahore Development Authority, Metropolitan Corporation of Lahore, Zonal Revenue Authorities, Walled City of Lahore Authorities, Technical Committee on Shalamar Gardens and eminent national & international heritage experts and deliberated upon the recommendations of the RMM and way forward for their implementation.
    [Show full text]
  • Protecting Our World Heritage
    Protecting our world heritage The insurance industry’s commitment to protect World Heritage Sites The global context Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations.1 Our cultural and natural heritage are sources of life and inspiration, and are “priceless and irreplaceable assets, not only of each nation, but of humanity as a whole. The loss, through deterioration or disappearance, of any of these most prized assets constitutes an impoverishment of the heritage of all the peoples of the world.”2 Many of the world’s most famous places—those with unparalleled natural and cultural beauty, significance and/or biological diversity such as the Galápagos Islands, the Grand Canyon, the Great Barrier Reef, Mount Kilimanjaro, and the Pyramids of Egypt—have been designated as World Heritage Sites by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Convention. These places are recognised globally for their outstanding universal value, which is defined as “cultural and/or natural significance which is so exceptional as to transcend national boundaries and to be of common importance for present and future generations of all humanity. As such, the permanent protection of this heritage is of the highest importance to the international community as a whole.”3 Currently, there are nearly 1,100 natural, cultural, and mixed (i.e. natural and cultural) World Heritage Sites across the globe, with almost a quarter being natural sites or mixed sites. Natural World Heritage Sites, in particular, provide economic, social and environmental benefits. They provide vital resources such as food, fuel and water; perform environmental services such as stabilising soils, preventing floods, and capturing carbon; and contribute significantly to economies through jobs, tourism, recreation, and exports.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan) 4–9 October 2000
    Report on Mission to Evaluate the State of Conservation of the World Heritage Site of the SHALAMAR GARDENS Lahore (Pakistan) 4–9 October 2000 ROBERT DE JONG (President, ICOMOS International Committee on Historic Gardens and Landscapes) 49-51 rue de la Fédération - F-75015 Paris - France - Tel + 33 1 45 67 67 70 - Fax + 33 1 45 66 06 22 Report on Mission to Evaluate the State of Conservation of the World Heritage Site of the SHALAMAR GARDENS, Lahore (Pakistan) 1 BACKGROUND TO THE MISSION The mission concerned World Heritage Site (No. 171-172) – the Fort and Shalamar Gardens of Lahore (Pakistan) The reason for the mission was the information received by the UNESCO World Heritage Centre from the national authorities of Pakistan that the Department of Archaeology was proposing to "restore the demolished hydraulic works of Shalamar Gardens," and that the authorities "had expressed their intention to nominate two sites (ie the Fort and Shalamar Gardens of Lahore and Taxila) to the List of World Heritage in Danger" (Letter from the Director, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, to H.E. Mr Shararyar M. Khan, Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of Pakistan to France Permanent Delegation of Pakistan to UNESCO, 2 August 2000, WHC/74/400/ PKS/00/JT/425). The Centre and ICOMOS had also already considered sending a mission "to elaborate a comprehensive management plan for both the Fort and Shalamar Gardens of Lahore site and the Taxila site". During its 24th Session in Paris on 26 June–1 July 2000, the Bureau of the World Heritage Committee decided to request the World Heritage Centre and ICOMOS "to organise a reactive monitoring mission to the Fort and Shalamar Gardens." The Bureau, while "expressing its appreciation for the information received from the Pakistan authorities concerning its intentions to undertake corrective measures ..
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa's World Heritage Sites
    © Andy Nixon, DeskLink Media TM South Africa’s World Heritage Sites Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape The 160,000 ha Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape of dramatic mountainous desert in north-western South Africa constitutes a cultural landscape communally owned and managed. This site sustains the semi-nomadic pastoral livelihood of the Nama people, reflecting seasonal patterns that may have persisted for as long as two millennia in southern Africa. It is the only area where the Nama still construct portable rush-mat houses (haru om) and includes seasonal migrations and grazing grounds, together with stock posts. The pastoralists collect medicinal and other plants and have a strong oral tradition associated with different places and attributes of the landscape. 10 - "GSJDB$SFBUFT © Andy Nixon, DeskLink Media TM 11 - "GSJDB$SFBUFT Entrance to Robben Island 12 - "GSJDB$SFBUFT © SA World Heritage site Aerial view of Robben Island Prison cell in Robben Island Robben Island Robben Island was used at various times between the 17th and 20th centuries as a prison, a hospital for socially unacceptable groups and a military base. Its buildings, particularly those of the late 20th century such as the maximum security prison for political prisoners, witness the triumph of democracy and freedom over oppression and racism. 13 - "GSJDB$SFBUFT © SAtourism.net Cape Floral Region Protected Areas A serial site – in Cape Province, South Africa made up of eight protected areas and covering 553,000 ha, the Cape Floral Region is one of the richest areas for plants in the world. It represents less than 0.5% of the area of Africa but is home to nearly 20% of the continent’s flora.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism Development at World Heritage Site: the Case of Loire Valley in France
    Tourism development at World Heritage Site: The case of Loire Valley in France Morice, Jean-René a Liu, Yi-De b Lin, Chi-Fan c a Tourism School (ESTHUA), University of Angers, France. b Graduate Institute of European Cultures and Tourism, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan, Province of China. Corresponding Author: [email protected] c Independent Scholar, Taiwan, Province of China. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: In 2000, UNESCO included a linear cultural landscape along a 200 kilometre stretch in the middle reaches of the Loire Valley, between Sully-sur-Loire and Received 6th July 2020 Chalonnes-sur-Loire. The management of this extensive cultural landscape is Accepted 27th July 2020 exemplary, innovative but also complicated. The aim of this article is to explore Published 28th July 2020 the challenges faced and strategies adopted by the Loire Valley as a World Heritage Site in the development of tourism. Quantitative and qualitative data Keywords: were both used to enhance the depth and breadth of analysis. The work presented refers to three sources of data. The findings reveal that tourism Cultural Landscape; development in the Loire Valley has some challengers, such as short stays of France; Loire Valley; tourists, slow growth in tourist numbers, uneven visitor numbers between Tourism development; World Heritage Site castles, and the blurred role of World Heritage status in destination image. However, three different aspects of strategies have been applied by the authorities to enhance tourism development, including governance and marketing, attraction development and activation, as well as synergies of local communities. DOI: 10.1344/THJ.2020.2.6 1.
    [Show full text]