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Understanding the Major Branches of Modern Judaism May 10, 2012
Understanding the Major Branches of Modern Judaism May 10, 2012 Initial terms: 24 or 72 kinds Torah/Talmud (oral/written law).Halacha orthopraxy/orthodoxy, haskalah Babylonian Talmud kabbalah, Sephardic, Ashkenazi (with material gleaned from Wikipedia articles- no access to my books yet) Modern Judaism is loosely broken into three main branches: Orthodox Judaism is the approach to Judaism which adheres to the traditional interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah as legislated in the Talmudic texts by the Sanhedrin ("Oral Torah") and subsequently developed and applied by the later authorities known as the Gaonim, Rishonim, and Acharonim. Orthodox Jews are also called "observant Jews"; Orthodoxy is known also as "Torah Judaism" or "traditional Judaism". Orthodox Judaism generally refers to Modern Orthodox Judaism and Haredi Judaism (Chasidic Chabad) but can actually include a wide range of beliefs. Orthodoxy collectively considers itself the only true heir to the Jewish tradition. The Orthodox Jewish movements generally consider all non-Orthodox Jewish movements to be unacceptable deviations from authentic Judaism; both because of other denominations' doubt concerning the verbal revelation of Written and Oral Torah, and because of their rejection of Halakhic precedent as binding. As such, Orthodox groups characterize non-Orthodox forms of Judaism as heretical Reform Judaism is a phrase that refers to various beliefs, practices and organizations associated with the Reform Jewish movement in North America, the United Kingdom and elsewhere.[1] In general, Reform Judaism maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in the surrounding culture. Many branches of Reform Judaism hold that Jewish law should be interpreted as a set of general guidelines rather than as a list of restrictions whose literal observance is required of all Jews.[2][3] Similar movements that are also occasionally called "Reform" include the Israeli Progressive Movement and its worldwide counterpart. -
A USER's MANUAL Part 1: How Is Halakhah Organized?
TORAHLEADERSHIP.ORG RABBI ARYEH KLAPPER HALAKHAH: A USER’S MANUAL Part 1: How is Halakhah Organized? I. How is Halakhah Organized? 4 case studies a. Mishnah Berakhot 1:1, and gemara thereupon b. Support of the poor Peiah, Bava Batra, Matnot Aniyyim, Yoreh Deah) c. Conversion ?, Yevamot, Issurei Biah, Yoreh Deah) d. Mourning Moed Qattan, Shoftim, Yoreh Deiah) Mishnah Berakhot 1:1 From what time may one recite the Shema in the evening? From the hour that the kohanim enter to eat their terumah Until the end of the first watch, in the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer. The Sages say: Until midnight. Rabban Gamliel says: Until morning. It happened that his sons came from a wedding feast. They said to him: We have not yet recited the Shema. He said to them: If it has not yet morned, you are obligated to recite it. Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 2a What is the context of the Mishnah’s opening “From when”? Also, why does it teach about the evening first, rather than about the morning? The context is Scripture saying “when you lie down and when you arise” (Devarim 6:7, 11:9). what the Mishnah intends is: “The time of the Shema of lying-down – when is it?” Alternatively: The context is Creation, as Scripture writes “There was evening and there was morning”. Mishnah Berakhot 1:1 (continued) Not only this – rather, everything about which the Sages say until midnight – their mitzvah is until morning. The burning of fats and organs – their mitzvah is until morning. All sacrifices that must be eaten in a day – their mitzvah is until morning. -
CCAR Journal the Reform Jewish Quarterly
CCAR Journal The Reform Jewish Quarterly Halachah and Reform Judaism Contents FROM THE EDITOR At the Gates — ohrgJc: The Redemption of Halachah . 1 A. Brian Stoller, Guest Editor ARTICLES HALACHIC THEORY What Do We Mean When We Say, “We Are Not Halachic”? . 9 Leon A. Morris Halachah in Reform Theology from Leo Baeck to Eugene B . Borowitz: Authority, Autonomy, and Covenantal Commandments . 17 Rachel Sabath Beit-Halachmi The CCAR Responsa Committee: A History . 40 Joan S. Friedman Reform Halachah and the Claim of Authority: From Theory to Practice and Back Again . 54 Mark Washofsky Is a Reform Shulchan Aruch Possible? . 74 Alona Lisitsa An Evolving Israeli Reform Judaism: The Roles of Halachah and Civil Religion as Seen in the Writings of the Israel Movement for Progressive Judaism . 92 David Ellenson and Michael Rosen Aggadic Judaism . 113 Edwin Goldberg Spring 2020 i CONTENTS Talmudic Aggadah: Illustrations, Warnings, and Counterarguments to Halachah . 120 Amy Scheinerman Halachah for Hedgehogs: Legal Interpretivism and Reform Philosophy of Halachah . 140 Benjamin C. M. Gurin The Halachic Canon as Literature: Reading for Jewish Ideas and Values . 155 Alyssa M. Gray APPLIED HALACHAH Communal Halachic Decision-Making . 174 Erica Asch Growing More Than Vegetables: A Case Study in the Use of CCAR Responsa in Planting the Tri-Faith Community Garden . 186 Deana Sussman Berezin Yoga as a Jewish Worship Practice: Chukat Hagoyim or Spiritual Innovation? . 200 Liz P. G. Hirsch and Yael Rapport Nursing in Shul: A Halachically Informed Perspective . 208 Michal Loving Can We Say Mourner’s Kaddish in Cases of Miscarriage, Stillbirth, and Nefel? . 215 Jeremy R. -
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ELUL 5729 / SEPTEMBER 196S VOLUME 6, NUMBER 2 THE FIFTY CENTS Waiting for Moshiach ... - -----·-··--------· ~,., Israel's State of War - Israel's State of Mind The Key to Israel's Security THE JEWISH QBSERVER In this issue ... A JEW LOOKS AT THE WORLD: MAN TOUCHES THE MOON 3 ON OBSCENITY ······················································································· 4 THE NEW IDOLATRY ··········································································· 4 "WHY DIDN'T THEY RESIST?" ................................................... 5 WAITING FoR MosIACH, Y aakov Weinberg .......................................... 6 ISRAEL'S STATE OF WAR - ISRAEL'S STATE OF MIND, Ralph Pelcowitz ...................................................................................................... I 0 FIGHTING FOR SHABBOS ON THE LEGAL FRONT, Judah Dick 14 THE KEY TO IsRAEL's SECURITY, Joseph Elias ................................. 18 A RussIAN JEW AND His TEFILIN, Chaim Shapiro ........................ 23 SECOND LOOKS AT THE JEWISH SCENE: INTER-FAITH AT THE WHITE HOUSE ....................................... 26 THE JEWISH OBSERVER is published THE MIKVAH AT MASSADA ............................................................... 27 monthly, except July and August, by the Agudath Israel of America, 5 Beekman Street, New York, New York 10038. Second class We mourn the passing of postage paid at New York, N. Y. Subscription: $5.00 per year; Two R' YECHESKEL SARNA years, $8.50; Three years, $12.00; outside of the United States, $6.00 Nlii7 ?Nptn> -
When Unity Reigned: Yom Ha-Azma’Ut 1954
51 When Unity Reigned: Yom ha-Azma’ut 1954 By: ELAZAR MUSKIN A number of years ago while I rummaged through a box of old pa- pers and memorabilia that belonged to my late father, Rabbi Jacob Muskin z”l, of Cleveland, Ohio, a stained yellow mimeographed paper fell on my lap. As I picked it up, I began to realize that I was holding an historic document. The paper was folded in half and on the front cover it read, “Sixth Anniversary Celebration Israel Independence Day, Sunday May 9, 1954, Iyar 6, 5714.” The front cover also indicated the loca- tion of the celebration, The Taylor Road Synagogue Auditorium in Cleveland Heights, Ohio and noted that the event was sponsored by an organization called “The Orthodox Jewish Association of Cleveland.”1 1 In my letter to Rabbi Shubert Spero dated 2 July, 1997 I asked him a number of questions including: What was this sponsoring organization “The Orthodox Jewish Association”? How long did it exist? Who was Dr. David Magid, its President? In his letter dated 19 August, 1997 Rabbi Spero responded: “Shortly after my arrival in Cleveland I was called to a meeting with Rabbis E.M. Bloch and C.M. Katz z”l (who were very close to my late uncles, H.I. and B.E. Spero z”l, who were instrumental in bringing the Yeshiva to Cleveland) who told me that the Roshei Yeshiva did not wish to isolate themselves from the ‘city’ but rather saw themselves as a part of the general commu- nity and, given the sad state of Orthodoxy, felt a religious obligation to work for the ideals of Torah. -
Ou Israel Center - Summer 2019
5779 - dbhbn ovrct [email protected] 1 sxc HALACHIC AND HASHKAFIC ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY 132 - HALACHA AND KABBALA - PART 2 OU ISRAEL CENTER - SUMMER 2019 • In Part 1 we saw how the early Acharonim began to assimilate the Zohar into the halachic process. The positions included: • R’ Elyahu Mizrachi (15C Turkey) - kabbalistic concepts are highly esoteric and, although special individuals are free to adopt them, ordinary people are not required to follow them. • Radvaz (16C Egypt) - kabbalistic practices are acceptable as chumrot, but not where they contradict the Talmud. • Beit Yosef (16C Eretz Yisrael) - incorporates selected halachot of the Zohar into the mainstream halacha. Where the Zohar conflicts with Talmud, the Talmud prevails. However, where the Zohar conflicts with the post-talmudic poskim, the Zohar prevails. • The Rema (16C Poland) - disagrees with the Beit Yosef on the latter point. According to the Rema, the Zohar cannot even override the post-talmudic poskim. • The Maharshal (16C Poland) - is concerned in many cases about the problems of integrating kabbala into halacha. • The Maseit Binyamin (17C Poland) - considers that the Zohar outweighs all the post-Talmudic poskim put together! • R. Ya’akov Emden (18C Germany) - whilst skeptical about the origins of every word of the Zohar, maintains that, although in any dispute between the Zohar and the Bavli we follow the Bavli, where the Bavli is unclear and subject to many interpretations and the Zohar can clarify the position, we are to look to the Zohar. The Zohar should not be rejected in halacha, provided it does not directly contradict the Bavli and we should try wherever possible to reconcile the Zohar and the Bavli. -
Epoch of the Messiah by Rabbi Elchonon Wasserman
Epoch of the Messiah As Distributed By S. GOLDMAN - OTZAR HASEFARIM Inc. 33 Canal Street, New York, N.Y.1OOO2 Importers and Publishers of Hebrew Books Copyright 1985 by Rabbi E.S. Wasserman 851 North Kings Rd. Los Angeles, Calif. 90069 Rabbi Elchonon Bunim Wasserman, zt'l A Brief Biographical Sketch Reb Elchonon, zt'l, was born in 1874 in Birz, Lithuania. Circa 1889 his parents moved to Boisk, Latvia, at that time the Rabbinical Seat of Rabbi Cook, olov hasholom. From there he went to Telz where he studied under the illustrious gaonim, Rabbi Eliezer Gordon, zt'l and Rabbi Shimon Shkop, zt'l. In Telz, he was noted for his unusual diligence and profound mind. After many years of intensive study in Telz, he went to Volozin to become a disciple of the great Reb Chaim Brisker who was Rosh yeshivah of Volozin at that time. In 1898, he married the daughter of one of the leading sages of the day, Rabbi Meir Atlas, zt'l, who was then the Rabbi of Salant. Then came a period which impressed itself indelibly on the rest of his life. It began in 1906 when he went to Radin, the home of his master, the world-renowned Chofetz Chaim, zt'l where he studied until 1908 in the Kollel Kodshim. The Chofetz Chaim had founded this select institution for the future leaders of Israel. During the year 1908-1909, Rav Elchonon, together with the gaon Rabbi Yoel Baranchick zt'l started a yeshivah in Amsislav, Russia. In 1910, he accepted a call to become a rosh yeshivah in Brisk, the home of his teacher, Rabbi Chaim, zt'l. -
The Lithuanian Jewish Community of Telšiai
The Lithuanian Jewish Community of Telšiai By Philip S. Shapiro1 Introduction This work had its genesis in an initiative of the “Alka” Samogitian Museum, which has undertaken projects to recover for Lithuanians the true history of the Jews who lived side-by-side with their ancestors. Several years ago, the Museum received a copy of the 500-plus-page “yizkor” (memorial) book for the Jewish community of Telšiai,2 which was printed in 1984.3 The yizkor book is a collection of facts and personal memories of those who had lived in Telšiai before or at the beginning of the Second World War. Most of the articles are written in Hebrew or Yiddish, but the Museum was determined to unlock the information that the book contained. Without any external prompting, the Museum embarked upon an ambitious project to create a Lithuanian version of The Telshe Book. As part of that project, the Museum organized this conference to discuss The Telshe Book and the Jewish community of Telšiai. This project is of great importance to Lithuania. Since Jews constituted about half of the population of most towns in provincial Lithuania in the 19th Century, a Lithuanian translation of the book will not only give Lithuanian readers a view of Jewish life in Telšiai but also a better knowledge of the town’s history, which is our common heritage. The first part of this article discusses my grandfather, Dov Ber Shapiro, who was born in 1883 in Kamajai, in the Rokiškis region, and attended the Telshe Yeshiva before emigrating in 1903 to the United States, where he was known as “Benjamin” Shapiro. -
Chassidus on the Chassidus on the Parsha +
LIGHTS OF OUR RIGHTEOUS TZADDIKIM בעזרת ה ' יתבר A Tzaddik, or righteous person , makes everyone else appear righteous before Hashem by advocating for them and finding their merits. Kedushas Levi, Parshas Noach (Bereishis 7:1) BO _ CHASSIDUS ON THE PARSHA + Dvar Torah As the Jewish people were preparing to leave Egypt, Moshe pointed out to them, “This day you are leaving in the month of springtime ( aviv ).” His intention was to show them the kindness of Hashem in that He chose for them a time of temperate weather to set out on their journey. These words, Rav Levi Yitzchok comments, also have a deeper meaning. The Zohar explains that the different ways words are arranged according to the aleph -bais symbolize the different aspects of divine providence. A series of words sometimes appears in alphabetical order, the first starting with an aleph , the second with a bais , and so forth. This arrangement symbolizes divine mercy. Sometimes, a series will appear in reverse alphabetical order, called tashrak , the first starting with a tav , the second with a shin , and so forth. This symbolizes strict justice. There is a dispute in the Gemora (Rosh HaShana 10b) regarding when the future Redemption will take place. One opinion is that it will take place in Nissan . The other is that it will take place in Tishrei . According to the Zohar , we can say that the question is whether the Jewish people will be redeemed because they will have earned it or whether the Redemption will be une arned, an act of divine mercy. -
Vayikra Funletter 2020 2
ויקרא ג׳ ניסן תש״פ VAYIKRA 28TH MARCH 2020 ויקרא Vayikra 3/21/2020 OFFICIAL WEEKLY NEWSLETTER OF Shaare Tefilla NCSYouth � Israeli city of the Week � Beit Shemesh☀ Bet Shemesh is a very well- known city in Eretz Yisrael. It was started by the Canaanites who named the city. After the Plishtim stole the aron from the Jews, and the Jews got it back, the first stop it took was in Bet Shemesh. During the 1948 Independence War, Bet What’s happening here ? Shemesh was an important point of battle between the Egyptian army and the new Israeli army. It changed hands many times but was 1 2 3 won by the Israelis. At first very few people were religious in Bet Shemesh, MITZVAH OF THE Rabbi Lax’s Parsha Rabbi Eliezer Gordon was the head of a yeshiva called Telz. The Telz but today over 60% of the WEEK: Challenge: Send a Yeshiva was named after the town of families observe Torah and Telz, which was in a country called Telling the story: Hashem selfie / drawing / Mitzvot and this coming Lithuania. Rabbi Gordon was both the told Bnei Yisrael that on the first artwork / LEGO of a Rosh Yeshiva and the Rav of the city. year over 100% of the night of Pesach people should get When was Rabbi Gordon was 70 children in school in Bet together and tell their children Korban you could there was a big fire in Telz, and most Shemesh will be from and grand- children the story of bring when the Beit of the houses in the town burnt down. -
צב | עב January Tevet | Sh’Vat Capricorn Saturn | Aquarius Saturn
צב | עב January Tevet | Sh’vat Capricorn Saturn | Aquarius Saturn Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 | 17th of Tevet* 2 | 18th of Tevet* New Year’s Day Parashat Vayechi Abraham Moshe Hillel Rabbi Tzvi Elimelech of Dinov Rabbi Salman Mutzfi Rabbi Huna bar Mar Zutra & Rabbi Rabbi Yaakov Krantz Mesharshya bar Pakod Rabbi Moshe Kalfon Ha-Cohen of Jerba 3 | 19th of Tevet * 4* | 20th of Tevet 5 | 21st of Tevet * 6 | 22nd of Tevet* 7 | 23rd of Tevet* 8 | 24th of Tevet* 9 | 25th of Tevet* Parashat Shemot Rabbi Menchachem Mendel Yosef Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon Rabbi Leib Mochiach of Polnoi Rabbi Hillel ben Naphtali Zevi Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi Rabbi Yaakov Abuchatzeira Rabbi Yisrael Dov of Vilednik Rabbi Schulem Moshkovitz Rabbi Naphtali Cohen Miriam Mizrachi Rabbi Shmuel Bornsztain Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler 10 | 26th of Tevet* 11 | 27th of Tevet* 12 | 28th of Tevet* 13* | 29th of Tevet 14* | 1st of Sh’vat 15* | 2nd of Sh’vat 16 | 3rd of Sh’vat* Rosh Chodesh Sh’vat Parashat Vaera Rabbeinu Avraham bar Dovid mi Rabbi Shimshon Raphael Hirsch HaRav Yitzhak Kaduri Rabbi Meshulam Zusha of Anipoli Posquires Rabbi Yehoshua Yehuda Leib Diskin Rabbi Menahem Mendel ben Rabbi Shlomo Leib Brevda Rabbi Eliyahu Moshe Panigel Abraham Krochmal Rabbi Aryeh Leib Malin 17* | 4th of Sh’vat 18 | 5th of Sh’vat* 19 | 6th of Sh’vat* 20 | 7th of Sh’vat* 21 | 8th of Sh’vat* 22 | 9th of Sh’vat* 23* | 10th of Sh’vat* Parashat Bo Rabbi Yisrael Abuchatzeirah Rabbi Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter Rabbi Chaim Tzvi Teitelbaum Rabbi Nathan David Rabinowitz -
Fine Judaica
t K ESTENBAUM FINE JUDAICA . & C PRINTED BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS, GRAPHIC & CEREMONIAL ART OMPANY F INE J UDAICA : P RINTED B OOKS , M ANUSCRIPTS , G RAPHIC & C & EREMONIAL A RT • T HURSDAY , N OVEMBER 12 TH , 2020 K ESTENBAUM & C OMPANY THURSDAY, NOV EMBER 12TH 2020 K ESTENBAUM & C OMPANY . Auctioneers of Rare Books, Manuscripts and Fine Art Lot 115 Catalogue of FINE JUDAICA . Printed Books, Manuscripts, Graphic & Ceremonial Art Featuring Distinguished Chassidic & Rabbinic Autograph Letters ❧ Significant Americana from the Collection of a Gentleman, including Colonial-era Manuscripts ❧ To be Offered for Sale by Auction, Thursday, 12th November, 2020 at 1:00 pm precisely This auction will be conducted only via online bidding through Bidspirit or Live Auctioneers, and by pre-arranged telephone or absentee bids. See our website to register (mandatory). Exhibition is by Appointment ONLY. This Sale may be referred to as: “Shinov” Sale Number Ninety-One . KESTENBAUM & COMPANY The Brooklyn Navy Yard Building 77, Suite 1108 141 Flushing Avenue Brooklyn, NY 11205 Tel: 212 366-1197 • Fax: 212 366-1368 www.Kestenbaum.net K ESTENBAUM & C OMPANY . Chairman: Daniel E. Kestenbaum Operations Manager: Zushye L.J. Kestenbaum Client Relations: Sandra E. Rapoport, Esq. Judaica & Hebraica: Rabbi Eliezer Katzman Shimon Steinmetz (consultant) Fine Musical Instruments (Specialist): David Bonsey Israel Office: Massye H. Kestenbaum ❧ Order of Sale Manuscripts: Lot 1-17 Autograph Letters: Lot 18 - 112 American-Judaica: Lot 113 - 143 Printed Books: Lot 144 - 194 Graphic Art: Lot 195-210 Ceremonial Objects: Lot 211 - End of Sale Front Cover Illustration: See Lot 96 Back Cover Illustration: See Lot 4 List of prices realized will be posted on our website following the sale www.kestenbaum.net — M ANUSCRIPTS — 1 (BIBLE).