Resettlement Action Plan for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba

THE PROPOSED UPGRADING OF NAMAGUMBA-BUDADIRRI- NALUGUGU ROAD PROJECT (29KM)

RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) JUNE 2020 Prepared by Uganda National Roads Authority Plot 3-5 New Port Bell Road, UAP Building P.O. Box 28487 Kampala

RAP PREPARATION TEAM

Name Designation Dr Peter Bagwana Social Development Specialist (RAP Team leader) Dr. Florence Nagendo Social Development Specialist Ms. Norah Njaggali Senior Valuer Ms. Fiona Nanozi Senior Surveyor Mr. Henry Kizito Seguya M&E Specialist Ms. Rebeccah Nabuchu Senior Sociologist Mr. Henry Kalemba Valuer Mr. Reagan Maima Valuer Mr. Irumba Derrick Surveyor Mr. Tusubira Francis Surveyor Ms. Jackie Mwendeze Sociologist Ms. Evelyn Nabirye Sociologist

RAP REVIEW TEAM

Name Specialty Ms. Seruma E. Monicah (Head Environment and Environment and Socio-economic aspects Social Safeguards Ms. Julliette Oyella (Head Land Acquisition Survey and Valuation aspects

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) i

TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... xv 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Overview ...... 1 1.2 Project Description ...... 1 1.2.1 Project Description and Location ...... 1 1.2.2 Administrative units ...... 2 1.2.3 Socio-economic characteristics ...... 3 1.2.4 Terrain ...... 3 1.3 Project Justification ...... 4 1.4 Project Design Characteristics ...... 5 1.4.1 Road Sections ...... 5 1.4.2 Proposed Alignment ...... 6 1.4.3 Design Geometrics...... 7 1.5 The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) ...... 9 1.5.1 Objectives of the RAP ...... 9 1.5.2 Guiding Principles For the RAP ...... 10 1.5.3 RAP Scope ...... 11 1.5.4 Justification of the RAP ...... 11 2.0 RAP APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ...... 12 2.1 Introduction ...... 12 2.2 Social survey ...... 12 2.2.1 Quantitative Methods ...... 12 2.2.2 Qualitative data collection methods ...... 12 2.2.3 Data Analysis ...... 13 2.2.4 Data Quality Control measures ...... 14 2.3 Survey Data Collection Methods ...... 15 2.3.1 Pegging ...... 15 2.3.2 Strip map Update ...... 15 2.4 Inventory of Loss Valuation ...... 15 2.4.1 Valuation Data capture ...... 15 2.4.2 Property Inspection...... 16 3.0 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...... 17 3.1 Introduction ...... 17 3.2 National Policy Framework ...... 17 3.2.1 The National Transport Master Plan, 2008-2023 ...... 17 3.2.2 Uganda Vision, 2040 ...... 17 3.2.3 Uganda National Land Policy,2013 ...... 17 3.2.4 The National Environment Management Policy,2014 ...... 18 3.2.5 The National Gender Policy,2017 ...... 18 3.2.6 National Policy on Elimination of Gender Based Violence (GBV),2016 ...... 18 3.2.7 The Uganda National Culture Policy (UNCP),2006 ...... 18 3.2.8 The National HIV/AIDS Policy,2004 ...... 19 3.2.9 National Policy for Older Persons,2009 ...... 19 3.2.10 National Policy on Disability,2016 ...... 19 3.2.11 National Orphans and Vulnerable Children’s (OVC)Policy,2004 ...... 19 3.2.12 National Youth Policy,2016 ...... 19 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) ii

3.2.13 National Equal Opportunities Policy,2006 ...... 20 3.2.14 Sectoral Policy Statements&Guidelines for Mainstreaming Cross-Cutting Concerns 20 3.2.15 The Uganda Resettlement/Land Acquisition Framework 2002 ...... 20 3.3 Applicable Laws of the Republic of Uganda...... 20 3.3.1 Overview ...... 20 3.3.2 The 1995 National Constitution ...... 21 3.3.3 The Land Act,1998 as amended in 2010 (Cap227): ...... 21 3.3.4 Land Acquisition Act, 1965 ...... 22 3.3.5 The Land Regulations,2004 ...... 22 3.3.6 The Local Government Act,1997 ...... 22 3.3.7 The Access Roads Act, Cap350 ...... 22 3.3.8 The Roads Act, Cap 358 ...... 23 3.3.9 Physical Planning Act (2010) ...... 23 3.3.10 Historical Monument Act,1967 ...... 23 3.3.11 Registration of Titles Act, Cap230 ...... 23 3.3.12 Disabilities Act,2006 ...... 23 3.3.13 The Uganda National Roads Authority ACT, No.15 of 2006 ...... 24 3.3.14 UNRA land acquisition and Resettlement Policy; ...... 24 3.3.15 UNRA’s Land Acquisition and Resettlement Management System ...... 25 3.3.16 UNRA’s Environmental and Social Safeguard Policy ...... 25 3.4 AfDB Principles and Standards on Involuntary Displacement ...... 26 3.4.1 AfDB’s Safeguard Policy and guidelines on Involuntary Resettlement, 2003...... 26 3.4.2 Operational Safeguard 2 (OS 2): Involuntary Resettlement: ...... 26 3.5 GAP ANALYSIS ...... 27 3.5.1 Comparison between national Policies and laws, and AfDB Standards ...... 27 4.0 BASELINE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ...... 34 4.1 Introduction...... 34 4.2 The findings from the Household Tool ...... 35 4.3 Demographic characteristics ...... 35 4.3.1 The respondents ...... 35 4.3.2 Gender of household ...... 35 4.3.3 Age of household head ...... 35 4.3.4 Education of household head ...... 35 4.3.5 Where the head of household was born ...... 36 4.3.6 Family size and composition of households ...... 36 4.3.7 Level of Education for HH Members ...... 37 4.4 Vulnerability ...... 37 4.4.1 Presence of Vulnerable people in the Households...... 37 4.5 Household Gender profiling ...... 38 4.5.1 Fetching Water, fuel and food ...... 38 4.5.2 Taking Care of Children Daily ...... 39 4.5.3 Farming ...... 39 4.5.4 Livestock Rearing ...... 40 4.5.5 Working for Outside Income ...... 40 4.5.6 Attending Village Meetings ...... 41 4.5.7 Ownership of land and Property/Structure on the land ...... 41

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) iii

4.5.8 Ownership of Livestock ...... 42 4.5.9 Ownership of Durable Household Assets ...... 42 4.5.10 Marketing Produce ...... 42 4.5.11 Using Financial Services and Buying Basic Necessities ...... 43 4.5.12 Buying Durable Household Assets ...... 44 4.6 Type of Roof/Wall/Floor ...... 44 4.7 Main use of the Property ...... 44 4.8 Ownership of Household Assets ...... 44 4.9 Land ownership status ...... 45 4.9.1 Land Ownership ...... 45 4.9.2 Category of HH who do not own land ...... 45 4.9.3 Evidence of Possession of Land ownership Documents ...... 46 4.9.4 Presence of Encumbrances on this land ...... 46 4.10 Impacts on Assets ...... 46 4.10.1 Facilities on land that are likely to be affected by the Project ...... 46 4.10.2 Extent of Road Impact ...... 47 4.11 Activities on land Around the House ...... 48 4.11.1 Type of Animals Kept ...... 48 4.11.2 Types of Crops Grown ...... 49 4.12 Household Economy ...... 49 4.12.1 Household sources of Income ...... 49 4.12.2 House Hold Expenditure...... 51 4.12.3 Family Members that Move out of the Home for various Reasons ...... 51 4.12.4 Household Members and various Sources of income ...... 51 4.12.5 Reasons why Some HH Members Do not Work ...... 52 4.12.6 Access to Credit ...... 53 4.12.7 Source of Loan in HHs ...... 53 4.12.8 Meals taken by Household ...... 54 4.13 Communal resources in Project area ...... 54 4.14 Property of Cultural and Religious Significance ...... 54 4.15 Nature-Based livelihoods ...... 54 4.16 Main water source ...... 54 4.17 Human waste Disposal Facility ...... 55 4.18 Household Garbage Disposal ...... 55 4.19 Sources of Energy for the Household ...... 56 4.20 Health ...... 56 4.20.1 Available Health Services for treating Common illness ...... 57 4.21 Transport ...... 58 4.22 Organization/Person HHs feel at ease to talk to...... 58 4.23 Availability of Social Support ...... 59 4.24 Compensation and resettlement ...... 59 4.24.1 The Preferred Compensation ...... 59 4.24.2 Problems Anticipated in acquiring another piece of land ...... 59 4.24.3 Technical Assistance Needed to Restore Property (list) ...... 60 4.24.4 Anticipated problems for acquiring new business locations ...... 60 4.24.5 Fears about Compensation and Resettlement ...... 60 4.25 Participation, Consultation, and Stakeholder Identification ...... 61

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) iv

4.25.1 Willingness to participate in activities associated with Project Activities ...... 61 4.26 HIV and AIDS ...... 61 4.27 Common Social Problems in the Community ...... 62 4.28 Banking Information ...... 62 4.29 Ownership and Access to Communication items ...... 62 4.30 Documents to identify PAPs ...... 63 4.31 Business Tenement Tool ...... 63 4.31.1 Sex of Respondent ...... 63 4.31.2 Age of Respondent ...... 64 4.31.3 Ownership Status...... 64 4.31.4 Use of the Business Premises ...... 65 4.31.5 Business with stay-at-home people ...... 65 4.31.6 Business Registration ...... 66 4.31.7 Business structure ...... 66 4.31.8 Business characteristics ...... 66 4.31.9 Business Functionality ...... 68 4.31.10 Source of Customers ...... 70 4.31.11 Operational Period of the Business ...... 70 4.31.12 Performance of the business ...... 71 4.31.13 Amount paid for rent ...... 71 4.31.14 Rental Duration ...... 71 4.31.15 Potential Impacts on Business and Residence ...... 72 4.32 Vacant Land/Incomplete Buildings ...... 72 4.32.1 Land ownership ...... 72 4.32.2 Evidence of Documents ...... 73 4.32.3 Kind of Documents Possessed ...... 73 4.32.4 Reasons for Not Having Documents of Ownership ...... 73 4.32.5 Period of Ownership ...... 74 4.32.6 Land encumbrances ...... 74 4.32.7 Incomplete structure ...... 75 4.32.8 Land use ...... 75 4.32.9 Yield per season (in 100kg sack) ...... 76 4.32.10 Amount Consumed per season ...... 77 4.32.11 Amount sold per season ...... 78 4.32.12 Preferred Compensation Method ...... 79 5.0 POTENTIAL PROJECT IMPACTS ...... 81 5.1 Introduction ...... 81 5.2 Minimization of Impacts ...... 81 5.3 PAPs ...... 82 5.4 Land-take ...... 82 5.5 Impact on Assets and Structures ...... 83 5.6 Impact on business and Income...... 84 5.7 Public Facilities ...... 84 5.8 Impact on Graves ...... 84 5.9 Social Networks ...... 85 5.10 Impact on Cultural and Religious Heritage...... 85 5.11 Impact on Communal Fixed Assets including the Weekly Markets ...... 85

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) v

5.12 Displacement of Boda-boda stages ...... 86 5.13 Common Social Problems in the Community ...... 86 5.14 Vulnerability ...... 86 5.15 Severance Impacts ...... 87 6.0 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ...... 88 6.1 Introduction ...... 88 6.2 Objectives of stakeholder consultation and community participation...... 89 6.3 Approach to stakeholder consultation and community Participation ...... 89 6.4 Stakeholder consultation and sensitization content ...... 90 6.5 Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 91 6.6 Local Content ...... 91 6.7 Project Vulnerable Persons ...... 91 6.8 Gender-Based-Violence and violence Against Children ...... 91 6.9 Perceived project impacts ...... 91 6.10 Key Stakeholder Issues and Concerns ...... 95 6.11 Follow up Activities ...... 113 7.0 VALUATION, ENTITTLEMENTS AND COMPENSATION FOR LOSSES ...... 114 7.1 Introduction ...... 114 7.2 Computation for Compensation ...... 114 7.2.1 Buildings ...... 114 a) Permanent Buildings...... 114 b) Semi-Permanent/Temporary Structures ...... 115 7.2.2 Land ...... 116 7.2.3 Trees and crops ...... 118 7.2.4 Chattels and other movable assets ...... 118 7.2.5 Economic losses (Loss of rental and business income)...... 118 7.2.6 Building Tenants (Business and Residential) ...... 118 7.2.7 Utility Providers ...... 118 7.2.8 Disturbance Allowance ...... 119 7.2.9 Salvage Rights ...... 119 7.2.10 Speculative developments ...... 119 7.2.11 Other Developments/interests such as Graves, Shrines ...... 119 7.2.12 Public Facilities ...... 119 7.2.13 Assumptions ...... 119 7.3 Eligibility and Entitlement framework ...... 120 7.3.1 Eligibility Guiding Principle ...... 120 7.3.2 Cut-off date ...... 120 7.3.3 Vulnerable Groups ...... 121 7.3.4 Compensation for Community or Collective resources ...... 121 7.3.5 Proof of Eligibility ...... 121 7.4 Valuation Certificate...... 125 8.0 LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION AND IMPROVEMENT ...... 126 8.1 Introduction ...... 126 8.2 Approach to establishing Livelihoods and other income generating activities on NBN. .. 126 8.3 Livelihood profile for PAPs ...... 127 8.3.1 Income Generating Activities (IGA) profile ...... 127 8.3.2 Enterprises’ profile ...... 130 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) vi

8.4 Business classification as per the Legal Framework ...... 130 8.5 Impacts analysis of businesses and other livelihoods on the project ...... 131 8.5.1 Total business displacement ...... 131 8.5.2 Partially affected business ...... 131 8.5.3 Loss of locational value ...... 131 8.5.4 Reduction in vigor of business functionality ...... 131 8.5.5 Increased pressure on remaining rental facilities ...... 132 8.5.6 Loss of customers ...... 132 8.5.7 Loss of operating space ...... 132 8.6 The livelihood restoration and enhancement Plan for affected businesses on NBN...... 134 8.6.1 Generic intervention for livelihood restoration and enhancement for business on NBN 134 8.6.2 Small business transition initiative; ...... 135 8.6.3 Agricultural transition initiative ...... 137 8.6.4 Renter transition initiative ...... 138 8.7 Implementation framework of the livelihood restoration and enhancement plan ...... 139 8.7.1 Budget and Resources ...... 139 8.7.2 Gender Considerations in Implementation of the Livelihood restoration and enhancement plan ...... 140 8.8 COMPLIMENTARY INITIATIVES ...... 140 8.8.1 Improvement of common markets ...... 141 8.8.2 Construction of produce storage facilities...... 142 8.8.3 Rehabilitation of the Nakizira gravity flow scheme ...... 142 8.8.4 Required Actions ...... 143 9.0 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND PROFILING ...... 144 9.1 Introduction ...... 144 9.2 Objectives of vulnerability assessment ...... 144 9.3 Approach to Vulnerability assessment ...... 144 9.3.1 Vulnerability Identification ...... 145 9.3.2 Vulnerability Screening and Verification ...... 146 9.3.3 Vulnerability Categorization and Determination of Mitigations ...... 146 9.4 Vulnerability Assistance Measures ...... 147 9.5 Budget for Vulnerability Assistance Measures ...... 149 10.0 PHYSICAL RESETTLEMENT ...... 150 10.1 Introduction ...... 150 10.2 Eligibility for Physical resettlement ...... 150 10.3 The Physical Resettlement Process ...... 151 10.3.1 Stakeholder participation and consultation ...... 151 10.3.2 Selection of Resettlement Sites ...... 152 10.3.3 Survey and valuation of Resettlement sites ...... 152 10.3.4 Preparation of model houses ...... 152 10.3.5 Preparation of architectural drawings ...... 152 10.3.6 Land acquisition for Resettlement sites ...... 152 10.3.7 Security of Tenure ...... 152 10.3.8 Construction of resettlement Houses ...... 153 10.4 Budget Estimates for Physical Resettlement ...... 153 11.0 GENDER EQUITY ANALYSIS FOR THE PROJECT ...... 154 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) vii

11.1 Introduction ...... 154 11.2 Institutional effort to promote Gender Equity and Mainstreaming ...... 154 11.3 Gender Analysis for the Project ...... 154 11.4 Key strategies to mainstream gender on the project ...... 160 12.0 RAP IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ...... 162 12.1 Introduction ...... 162 12.2 RAP Implementation Framework ...... 162 12.2.1 Negotiation and Signoff process for PAPs who prefer cash compensation...... 162 12.3 Compensation payment ...... 166 12.4 Salvage and Demolition ...... 167 12.5 Vacation Notices ...... 167 12.6 Grievance Resolution ...... 167 12.7 Organizational and Implementation Frameworks ...... 167 12.7.1 Internal Implementation team ...... 167 12.8 Implementation Schedule ...... 169 12.8.1 Specific RAP implementation Schedule ...... 169 12.9 Data Management ...... 170 13.0 GRIEVANCE MANAGEMENT AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION ...... 171 13.1 Introduction ...... 171 13.2 Purpose and Objectives of the UNRA’s GRM ...... 171 13.3 Specific Objectives of the GRM ...... 171 13.4 Key Principles for effective implementation of GRM ...... 171 13.5 Community Level Grievance Management Mechanism ...... 172 13.5.1 Location of the GMCs ...... 173 13.5.2 GMC Composition ...... 173 13.5.3 Roles of the GMCs ...... 173 13.6 Grievance Management Process ...... 173 14.0 MONITORING, EVALUATION AND REPORTING ...... 178 14.1 Introduction ...... 178 14.2 Monitoring and Evaluation ...... 178 14.2.1 Monitoring ...... 178 14.2.2 Monitoring Framework for the project ...... 178 14.2.3 The Monitoring Schedule ...... 187 14.3 Evaluation ...... 188 14.4 Disclosure of the M&E findings ...... 188 14.5 Reporting ...... 188 14.6 Resources and Capacities ...... 188 14.6.1 Proposed Monitoring and Evaluation team ...... 188 14.6.2 Logistics ...... 189 15.0 RAP BUDGET ...... 190

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) viii

LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1dministrative units traversed by the proposed road ...... 3 Table 1-2 Sections with design speed of 50KM/hr ...... 7 Table 1-3: Summary of design elements ...... 7 Table 1-4: Proposed Junctions ...... 9 Table 3-1 A comparison between Ugandan laws and AfDB standards ...... 28 Table 4-1: Facilities on Land that are likely to be impacted...... 46 Table 4-2: Degree of Impact of all Facilities on affected Land ...... 47 Table 4-3: Type of Crops Grown by HHS ...... 49 Table 4-4: Showing HH sources of Income ...... 49 Table 4-5: Household Expenditure Items ...... 51 Table 4-6: HH members and their various sources of Income ...... 52 Table 4-7: Main Source of water ...... 54 Table 4-8: Sources of Energy in HHs ...... 56 Table 4-9: showing Health Services treating Common illness ...... 57 Table 4-10 showing fears beginning with the worst fears about Compensation and Resettlement...... 60 Table 4-11: Common Social Problems ...... 62 Table 5-1: Areas where Designs changed to Minimise Impact along with the Road Project...... 81 Table 5-2 Land take for the project ...... 82 Table 5-3: Impact on Assets and Structures ...... 83 Table 5-4 Public facilities along the RoW ...... 84 Table 6-1 Stakeholder engagement schedule ...... 93 Table 6-2Key outcomes of the stakeholder engagements ...... 95 Table 7-1: Showing the construction rates for permanent buildings applied ...... 114 Table 7-2: Entitlement matrix by type of PAP and type of loss ...... 122 Table 7-3: Compensation Budget ...... 125 Table 8-1: Income generating activities ...... 127 Table 8-2: Ownership of IGAs...... 128 Table 8-3: Family Owned Businesses ...... 128 Table 8-4: Employed on Permanent basis ...... 128 Table 8-5: Summary of the Profile of business affected ...... 133 Table 8-6: showing the summarised budget and target recipients...... 139 Table 8-7 Cost Estimates for Complementary Initiatives ...... 143 Table 9-1: Budget for Vulnerability Assistance Measures ...... 149 Table 10-1 cost estimates for Physical Resettlement ...... 153 Table 11-1: Activity Profile across Gender ...... 155 Table 11-2: Gender Access and control profile ...... 158 Table 11-3: Influencing Factors ...... 159 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) ix

Table 12-1: Responsibilities for UNRA internal and external staff during verification and disclosure ...... 163 Table 12-2: Verification and disclosure centers shall be setup as follows ...... 165 Table 12-3: proposed composition of the technical team...... 168 Table 12-4: Showing the implementation schedule ...... 169 Table 13-1: Categories of Common Grievances related to land acquisition as received by UNRA ...... 175 Table 14-1: Expounded Performance indicators monitoring ...... 180 Table 14-2: Expounded Immediate Post compensation monitoring indicators ...... 182 Table 14-3: Detailed Post compensation monitoring indicators ...... 184 Table 14-4: Showing the Monitoring schedule for NBN ...... 187 Table 14-5: Findings disclosure framework ...... 188 Table 14-6: Internal and external staff for the M&E and reporting functions on the project ...... 189

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1 Geographical location of the project area ...... 2 Figure 1-2 Drainage Map of the project area ...... 4 Figure 1-3 Overview of the road section ...... 6 Figure 1-4 Cross section for Major towns ...... 8 Figure 1-5 Typical cross-section for Rural Areas ...... 8 Figure 4-1 Gender composition of HH heads ...... 35 Figure 4-2 Age of HH head ...... 35 Figure 4-3 Education status of HH Heads ...... 36 Figure 4-4Number of household members staying on a permanent basis...... 37 Figure 4-5 Levels of Education for HH Members ...... 37 Figure 4-6 Different Vulnerabilities ...... 38 Figure 4-7 Responsibility in terms of fetching water, fuel, and food...... 38 Figure 4-8: showing responsibility in terms of taking care of children ...... 39 Figure 4-9: Responsibility in terms of Farming ...... 39 Figure 4-10 Responsibility in terms of Rearing Livestock ...... 40 Figure 4-11: Working for Outside Income ...... 40 Figure 4-12: Responsibility in terms of Attending Village Meetings ...... 41 Figure 4-13 Owning Land and Property ...... 41 Figure 4-14 Responsibility in terms of Owning Livestock ...... 42 Figure 4-15:Responsibility in Owning Durable Household Assets ...... 42 Figure 4-16 HH Responsibility of Marketing Produce ...... 43 Figure 4-17: Responsibility for using Financial Resources ...... 43

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) x

Figure 4-18: Responsibility in Buying HH Assets including Land ...... 44 Figure 4-19: HH Land Ownership Status ...... 45 Figure 4-20: Type of evidence of Land ownership ...... 46 Figure 4-21: Activities on land around the Households ...... 48 Figure 4-22: Sources of Loans in HH ...... 54 Figure 4-23: Presence of Human waste Disposal facility ...... 55 Figure 4-24: Common Diseases in HHs ...... 57 Figure 4-25 showing means of transport in the Project Area ...... 58 Figure 4-26 shows the Kind of Personnel’s HH easily relate to ...... 58 Figure 4-27 showing the kind of Compensation would you prefer ...... 59 Figure 4-28 showing Knowledge on the modes of HIV/AIDS transmission ...... 61 Figure 4-29 showing Identification Document to be used during Compensation ...... 63 Figure 5-1: Unearthing the cultural process of grave relocation process in the project area ...... 85 Figure 9-1 Vulnerability Identification and Assessment Framework for NBN ...... 144 Figure 12-1: Summary of the negotiation and Sign off process ...... 162 Figure 12-2: Proposed project implementation organogram ...... 169 Figure 13-1 showing the schematic diagram of the UNRA GRM ...... 174

Figure 13-2: Schematic diagram showing the UNRA grievance handling process ...... 176

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) xi

ACYROMNS

AfDB African Development Bank CGV Chief Government Valuer CSO Civil Society Organization GVB Gender Based Violence GMC Grievance Management Committee GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism ESSP Environment and Social Safeguards Policy FGD Focus Group Discussions HH Household IR Inventory of Losses IGAs Income Generating Activities KIIs Key Informant Interviews LARMS Land Acquisition and Resettlement Management System LARP Land Acquisition and Resettlement Policy MAFOC Mbale Area Federation of communities MGLSD Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development MLHUD Ministry of Lands Housing and Urban Development NBN Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu NDP National Development Plan NEMA National Environment Management Authority NGO None Governmental Organization OS Operation Safeguards PAH Project Affected Household PAP Project Affected Persons PWD People with Disabilities RDC Resident District Commissioner RGC Rural Growth Centre ROW Right of Way RAP Resettlement Action Plan SEP Stakeholder Engagement Plan TMT Top Management Team ULC Uganda Land Commission UNCP Uganda National Culture Policy (UNCP), UNRA Uganda National Roads Authority UNTMP Uganda National Transport Master Plan

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) xii

KEY DEFINITIONS

Project: The development initiative to implement; in this case the project refers to the Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu road project and related road links.

Project-Affected Area: An area which is subject to a change in use as a result of the construction or operation of the Project.

Project-Affected Person (PAP): those who stand to lose, as a result of the project, all or part of their physical and non-physical assets, such as homes, communities, productive lands, resources such as forests, range lands, fishing areas, important cultural sites, commercial properties, tenancy, income earning opportunities, and social and cultural networks and activities.

Physical Displacement: Loss of shelter and assets resulting from the acquisition of land associated with the Project that requires the affected person(s) to move to another location.

Economic Displacement: Loss of income streams or means of livelihood resulting from land acquisition or obstructed access to resources (land, water or forest) caused by the construction or operation of the Project or its associated facilities. Not all economically displaced people need to relocate due to the Project.

Project-Affected Household (PAH): A PAH is a household that includes one or several Project- Affected Persons as defined above. A PAH will usually include a head of household, his/her spouse and their children, but may also include other dependents living in the same dwelling or set of dwellings, like close relatives (e.g., parents, grandchildren).

Compensation: Money or payment in kind to which the people affected by the project are entitled to, as decreed by government regulations or laws in order to replace the lost asset, resource or income.

Resettlement Assistance: Support provided to people who are physically displaced by the Project. Assistance may include transportation, and social or other services that are provided to affected people during their relocation. Assistance may also include cash allowances that compensate affected people for the inconvenience associated with resettlement and defray the expenses of a transition to a new locale, such as moving expenses and lost work days.

Replacement Value: The rate of compensation for lost assets must be calculated at full replacement value, that is, the market value of the assets plus transaction costs (taxes, registration fees, cost of transport associated with registration of new land and land transfer). The replacement value must reflect the cost at the time the item must be replaced.

In determining the replacement cost, depreciation of the asset and the value of salvage materials are not taken into account, nor is the value of the benefits to be derived from the Project deducted from the valuation of an affected asset.

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) xiii

Market Value: Market value of Land is the highest price in monetary terms which the land interest under appraisal should or could fetch in a competitive and open market under conditions requisite for a fair sale. According to the IVS 2020, Market Value is the estimated amount for which an asset or liability should exchange on the valuation date between a willing buyer and a willing seller in an arm’s length transaction, after proper marketing and where the parties had each acted knowledgeably, prudently and without compulsion

Vulnerable Groups: People who by virtue of gender, ethnicity, age, physical or mental disability, economic disadvantage, or social status may suffer dis-proportionally from project related activities. And who may be limited in their ability to claim or take advantage of resettlement assistance and related development benefits.

Expropriation: The action of a government taking or modifying property rights of an individual in the exercise of its sovereignty.

Entitlement: Range of measures comprising compensation, income restoration, transfer assistance, income substitution, and relocation which are due to affected people, depending on the nature of their losses, to restore and improve their economic and social base.

Host Community: Community residing in or near the area to which affected people are to be relocated.

Involuntary Resettlement: Development project results in unavoidable resettlement losses that people affected have no option but to rebuild their lives, incomes, and asset bases elsewhere. Involuntary resettlers are thus people of all ages, outlooks and capabilities, many of whom have no option but to give up their assets. Bank policy designates involuntary resettlers as requiring assistance.

Project Area: Areas in and adjacent to the construction areas and other areas to be modified by the project (e.g. impoundment of reservoirs, rights of way for infrastructure projects, irrigation command areas).

Relocation: Rebuilding housing, assets, including production land, and public infrastructure in another location.

Rehabilitation/restoration: Re-establishing incomes, livelihoods, living, and social systems.

Resettlement: The entire process of relocation and rehabilitation caused by project related activities.

Resettlement Plan: A time-bound action plan with a budget setting out resettlement

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) xiv

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction The Government of Uganda, through the Uganda National Roads Authority has earmarked the upgrading of Namagumba Budadiri Nalugugu road (29km) from unpaved to paved (Bituminous standard) through a proposed African Development Bank (AfDB) funding. As per the design characteristics, the upgrading of the road will require acquisition of land beyond the existing carriageway of 4.0m. Given the linear settlement pattern and the potentially vibrant agricultural economy of the project area, land acquisition for the development of the road will inadvertently result in both physical and economic displacement of people and their livelihoods, creating a need for development of a mechanism to ensure effective resettlement of all the project affected persons (PAPs). This Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared as a response mechanism to address the potential project impacts resulting from displacement people and property. The RAP been prepared in line with the Ugandan policies and legislation, AfDB’s Operational Safeguard (OS) 2, and other best industrial practices. The preparation of the RAP was done under three major activities i.e., social survey, land survey and valuation, using a combination of methods such as literature review, stakeholder participation and consultation, filed surveys among others. Social aspects such as gender, age, and any other forms of vulnerabilities have been given special consideration to ensure that the project does not disenfranchise particular project-affected people. The main objective of the RAP therefore, is to avoid or at least minimize the negative economic and social impacts that arise from either Involuntary Resettlement (IR) or loss of property/ livelihood for the Project Affected/ Impacted Persons

Project Description and Location The Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road (29km) is an existing gravel road located in the Eastern part of Uganda. The Project Road starts at Namagumba trading center, about 6 km from the junction along the Mbale-Sironko road. It moves in an easterly direction up to Budadiri, where it changes to a north-westerly direction passing through Mutufu and Salalira trading centers, before ending at Nalugugu trading center along the Mbale-Moroto road. The road is characterised by linear settlements, punctuated with several commercial buildings and development projects particularly in the Rural growth centres. Project Justification The proposed road traverses a rich agricultural hinterland with potential for commercialization of agriculture hence, will serve to accelerate Government’s social transformation and modernization programmes. In addition, the proximity of the proposed road to Mount Elgon National park, Sipi falls and other tourist attractions in the area makes it a strategic investment towards boosting the tourism potential and socio-economic transformation of the region. The traffic growth rate is on the increase with heavy traffic noticeable during the market days on most of the growth centres. Therefore, upgrading of this road will come a long way in improving the livelihoods of the population through improved connectivity to markets and social services.

Design characteristics

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) xv

The existing alignment will be maintained to a great extent. The proposed road project will be upgraded to a class II paved road with a proposed single carriageway of 6m width and shoulder width of up to 2m, with a design life of up to twenty (20) years. For a Bitumen Class II road traversing level to rolling terrain, principal design speeds of 90 km/h and 60 km/h respectively has been considered. The proposed width of the RoW for the Namagumba-Budadili-Nalugugu road project is 30m for most of the alignment. Legal, Policy and Institutional Framework The applicable laws that guided the preparation of the resettlement action plan included Article 237(1) of the Constitution of Uganda (1995), The Land Act, Cap 227,The Land Act, 1998, The Land Acquisition Act (1965),The Roads Act of 1964 and Policies that have guided the generation of the RAP include the National Development Plan II, Uganda’s Vision 2040, the National Transport Masterplan, the National Gender Policy (1997), the Uganda National Cultural Policy, the National HIV/AIDS Policy, 2004, Resettlement/Land Acquisition Framework, 2002, the Uganda National Land Policy, 2011 and the UNRA Environmental and Social Safeguards Policy. In terms of international safeguards, the RAP was prepared in consistence with the guidelines outlined under Operational Safeguard 2 (OS2) on land acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement of the African Development Bank Potential Project Impacts Project Affected Persons: Approximately 2,886 PAPs will lose property and assets to the project. Of 2,886 property owners, 2,312 are landowners while 574 PAPs are Licenses (Valuation data). The Socio-economic census reveals that 947 Households are affected by the road project. Land-take: According to cadastral data, a total of 164.355 acres including severance and 162.967 acres excluding severance is affected by the project Impact on Assets and Structures: The project affects a total number of 2452 structures of which 515 are commercial structures (both permanent and temporary), 896 are residential (permanent and temporary) and 499 are auxiliary structures.

Impact on business and Income: A total number of 1038 businesses are affected by the road project

Public Facilities: The project will affect approximately 39 public facilities

Impact on Graves: The project road affects a total number of 346 graves according to the valuation report that will need to be relocated

Impact on Cultural and Religious Heritage: The project will cause total displacement of 3churches 3mosques, a shrine, and cultural site.

Impact on Communal Fixed Assets: The project will affect five (5) roadside markets will be affected by the road development

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) xvi

Social Networks: The settlement pattern in the project area is linear and arranged in family patterns. Displacement of people to pave way for road construction may affect the social organization of PAPs, and also lead to breakdown of family and social ties. Severance Impacts: This occurs where the direct impact of the land take or project activities results in an indirect impact on an otherwise unaffected piece of land or asset. Likely situations are; the remainder of a plot is too small for viable use, a plot is split into two parts by the RoW among others

Valuation, Entitlements and Compensation for Losses

Permanent Buildings: The cost approach using the replacement cost method without depreciation (full replacement cost) was adopted. The buildings’ gross external area was multiplied by appropriate construction rate per meter square to come up with the replacement cost.

Semi-Permanent/Temporary Structures: The computation of replacement values was derived from the construction rates as provided in the District Compensation Rates of Bukwo District for 2020/21.

Land: Values were based on the current market transactions. Land was valued in un-improved state based on comparative available evidence within the locality.

Trees and crops: Approved district compensation rates for Bukwo District for 2020/21 were used to assess the economic values for trees and crops because Mbale and Sironko Districts do not have updated compensation rates.

Chattels and other movable assets: Movable assets that are loosely fixed to the land and can be removed without causing damage have been considered for moving allowance. The allowance will be determined based on a defined radius within which PAPs will generally tend to relocate. This will also apply to kiosks, gates, etc.

Economic losses (Loss of rental and business income) For loss of rent, rent loss equivalent shall be assessed based on business records (where available) to ascertain monthly rent and in cases where records are not available, monthly rent will be determined by comparison of rent charged from similar buildings in the area.

For business enterprise, income loss equivalent shall be assessed based on business records (where available) to derive half turnover of six months that will be the compensation.

Building Tenants (Business and Residential) A reasonable time (minimum of three months) rent free period will be allowed for tenants to save money, identify new premises to rent and relocate.

Disturbance Allowance: A statutory disturbance allowance of 15% has been applied

Compensation budget

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) xvii

The estimated compensation value for the buildings, land and crops for the is UGX. 44,044,403,057 (Uganda Shillings Forty-four Billion Forty-four Million Four Hundred Three Thousand Fifty-Seven Shillings Only) inclusive of a 15% disturbance allowance. Eligibility and Entitlement framework According to the AfDB operational safeguard standards, there are three groups of displaced people who are entitled to compensation or resettlement assistance and these includes:

(i) Those who have formal legal rights to land or other assets recognized under the law of the country concerned; (ii) Those who may not have formal legal rights to land or other assets but can prove that they have a claim that would be categorized under customary law of the country; (iii)Those who do not have recognizable legal rights or claim to the land they are occupying in the project area, if they themselves or witness can demonstrate that they occupied the project area for the last six months prior to cut-off date established.

Livelihood Restoration and Enhancement Measures Livelihood restoration will be implemented under 3 major themes; Generic interventions  Compensation at prevailing market prices  Provision of 15% disturbance allowances  Provision of 3months Transition period  Salvage rights;  Financial literacy mainly to mitigate the possibility of misusing the money especially those who preferred cash compensation.  Special monitoring for the vulnerable PAPs  Access to project employment

Specific interventions for small businesses  Empowerment through Select Practice Manage approaches to business management  Access to Microfinance from other institutions and government programs Specific Interventions for improved Agricultural production  Allowance to harvest crops to supplement compensation awards;  Provision and enhancement of Alternative livelihoods;

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) xviii

 Skilling of people and credit access to enhance agriculturally based livelihoods;  Construction of infrastructure to enable farmer bulking  Securing of animal movement permits The Cost estimates for Livelihood Restoration is Ugx 1,440,000,000 (One Billion, Four Hundred and Forty Million shillings only)

Complementary Initiatives The proposed initiatives have been developed in consultation with the affected communities, district stakeholders, NGOs/CSOs and the African Development Bank, during the May 2020 virtual pre-appraisal mission. Improvement of common markets The districts of Sironko and Mbale tender five roadside markets with a few makeshift structures for Mutufu market and a few permanent shops in Buwalasi. Other markets are found in Bugusege, Buyobu, and Salarira. The markets are operated on sub-county land and they mainly deal in fresh produce. UNRA in consultation with the traders and local authorities will construct low-cost market stalls around the 5 major market centers and also fit them public sanitary facilities to improve the operation conditions of the PAPs

Construction of produce storage facilities Beyond the market stalls, the project can also priorities construction of two produce storage along the project area where the farmers can bring their produce in bulk and sell in an organized manner in their respective market stalls. These shall majorly serve as storage facilities, and where possible, they could be fitted with cooling systems, since most of the produces are perishables. Rehabilitation of the Nakizira gravity flow scheme The gravity flow scheme is located in Namanyonyi sub county. The sub county suffers water shortage most of the time as the water doesn’t easily flow downstream. The water source uphill needs to be boosted. Access water points can also be provided for the affected communities in the project area. This particular initiative was proposed by the district authorities at Mbale as a critical need where the project can intervene. The total cost estimates for implementation of complimentary initiatives is UGX 1,750,000,000 (One Billion, Seven Hundred and Fifty thousand Million shillings only) Vulnerability Assistance Measures Findings of the Household socio-economic survey show that 38% (359) of households have vulnerable people and 23% (217) have more than one vulnerable person. Through detailed assessment, the number of vulnerable PAPs further reduced 47 (Vulnerabilities involving HH Heads). The type of assistance provided for PAP HHs, varies depending on the nature and severity of vulnerability of a given PAP HHs and the interventions will be implemented in 4 phases: Phase 1. Pre-compensation phase: Interventions will include continuous sensitization and engagement, psycho-social support, legal aid services, opening up bank accounts among others Phase 2: Compensation phase; Interventions will entail priority consideration during compensation, mobility assistance, vocational skills, livelihood restoration and enhancement support Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) xix

Phase 3: Physical resettlement phase: House replacement, Land for Land Phase 4: Post compensation and resettlement phase: interventions to involve monitoring and follow-up

Through the established internal structures UNRA will take the leading role the implementation of most of the vulnerability initiatives underscored in this RAP. The RAP Team will undertake all preparatory activities leading to compensation and physical resettlement of vulnerable PAPs. UNRA will also collaborate with existing institutions and NGOs that are already providing support to the vulnerable groups to extend services such as psycho-social support, vocational skills and the provision of livelihood support to the vulnerable PAPs. Legal aid services will be provided by UNRA partners-Justice Centre Uganda. The Vulnerability Assistance Measures will cost U. Shs 78,500,000/= (Seventy Eight Million, Five hundred thousand shillings only) Physical Resettlement Of the 47 PAPs who were identified as vulnerable, 6 were categorized as “high risk” and have been considered for physical resettlement. These were considered to lack abilities to use cash compensation for physical relocation by themselves. Eligibility for physical resettlement was based on the following i. Affected property is primary residence for the vulnerable PAP ii. Households whose primary place of residence is located within the project corridor but whose remaining/residual piece of land is not enough to enable construction of their replacement houses iii. Physically displaced PAP household willing to accept in-kind resettlement iv. Vulnerability including:  Household head is female, elderly and living alone and or mentally/physically unstable  Household head is a child with no immediate and known guardians “to act in best interests of the child” in the community  Household head who is disabled  Lack of family and other social support networks  Physically displaced PAP household expressing interest in-kind resettlement;  Households with absentee husbands The following activities shall be undertaken as part of the physical resettlement planning;  Stakeholder consultation and participation  Selection of resettlement sites;  Survey and valuation of resettlement sites;  Preparation and design of model houses;  Land acquisition for resettlement sites;  Acquisition of security of tenure and;  Actual construction of resettlement houses. Physical Resettlement activities will cost U. Shs 387,500,000 (Three hundred Eighty Seven Million, Five Million shillings only)

Gender Equity Analysis for the project

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) xx

Gender equity analysis was carried out using both quantitative and qualitative approaches to data collection. Quantitative data was collected at household level, using a structured household tool, while qualitative information was collected through public meetings and gender disaggregated focus FGDs. Whilst the women are engaged in some productive work and marketing of agricultural produce, the bulk of their work happens within the household and generally does not attract much monetary value compared to the men who are more involved in productive work which generates income and usually takes place outside the households. Similarly, as women increasingly gain access to productive resources particularly land, they also have less or no control over them. To alleviate this situation and achieve gender parity during resettlement planning and overall project implementation, this RAP makes several recommendations such as;

 Mindset change; conduct sensitisation sessions that focus on defeating imbalances between men and women in terms of access to and control of productive resources;  Strengthen women’s participation in compensation and livelihood restoration activities;  Sensitisation of leaders and communities on gender issues and the gender policy to create awareness on the role of women and men in the development process and special programmes for affirmative action;  Design of programs and interventions to prevent Gender Based Violence on the project  Priority consideration for project jobs for women who meet the job specifications

Grievance Redress Mechanism Managing grievances of all types is an indispensable requirement during the implementation of the Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu project. The various grievances for the Project Affected Persons (P AP s ) and other community members within the road corridor shall be handled through a clear process as enshrined in the UNRA harmonized grievance management system. In line with the UNRA GRM and in consistence with OS1 requirements of AfDB, the project team will establish Grievance Management Committees (GMCs) along the entire project corridor to collect, register, and support in addressing grievances in an effective and timely manner. In terms of composition, each GMC will have a representation of six members and these will include an opinion leader, observer, chairman LC1 and 3 potential persons to be affected by the project. From the 3 persons to be affected by the project, the community members will then select the chairperson of the committee, a secretary, and the mobilizer. Emphasis will however be placed on equitable representation where women will be encouraged to participate and represent on these committees. However, from time to time, the GMCs will also lean on the guidance, counsel, and opinions of the respected cultural and religious leaders to address grievances particularly, relating to land. The grievance Resolution will follow a four Tier process as indicated below Tier 1; the grievance is handled and resolved by the project team Tier 2; involves referral of the issue by the project team to UNRA Top Management Team (TMT) for resolution Tier 3; Involves referral of the matter for arbitration in case UNRA TMT fails to resolve the matter. Tier 4; In case the parties are still not satisfied, the grievance/matter is referred to the courts of law Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) xxi

RAP Implementation Arrangements The implementation process will entail; Identifying and verifying the details of the PAPs and disclosing to the PAP relevant information related to their entitlements and facilitating the payment of any compensation and other assistance benefits. The disclosure process will involve mobilization of PAPs, confirmation of disclosure centres, notification for detailed disclosure and actual disclosure of entitlement to PAPs. At compensation stage, the RAP team will check for completeness of PAPs documentation, including verification of the Account Numbers submitted by PAPs. Physical resettlement planning will be done intermittently with the compensation and relocation process of the PAPs.

The implementation team of the project shall be multi layered with a team providing oversight of the project and technical team as expounded below; The Coordination team The project coordination team shall consist of UNRA’s senior management specifically the heads of departments. These shall consist of; 1. UNRA head of Environment and Social Safeguards Department (HESS) 2. UNRA Head land acquisition 3. UNRA head of Corporate Affairs 4. Head of Design Department The technical team The Technical Team will be multi-disciplinary and will be led by the RAP Team Leader (Resettlement Manager) who will provide the day-to-day leadership and also act as the link between the RAP coordination team and the technical team. In terms of composition, the Technical Team shall comprise the RAP TL (Resettlement Manager), Social Development Specialist, 2 Sociologists, Valuer, Surveyor, Legal Officer and Client care officer.

Monitoring and Evaluation Monitoring of resettlement and compensation activities will be conducted both internally and externally: Internal Monitoring Internal monitoring will focus on activities implemented by the project team and it will focus on; a) Performance Monitoring This is aimed at monitoring the immediate outputs from the different activities on the project as well as the resources on the project. Performance monitoring will focus on all the processes and key activities and initiatives/interventions proposed in this RAP. Depending on the a given activity, process and nature of intervention, monitoring will be undertaken on weekly basis, monthly, and sometimes bi-annually. Impact Monitoring

The impact monitoring on the PAPs shall be based on the indicators that guided the the collection of baseline socio-economic data. Depending on the resource availability, the monitoring may be done in a two pronged manner, that is, doing it after a few months (probably 4) after PAP relocation and conducting another after one year to ascertain the socio-economic impact. Impact monitoring will focus on areas of relocation (distance of relocation, reason for preferred location), asset

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) xxii reestablishment, livelihood restoration, vulnerability management (How PAPs are coping) etc. impact management will be done 3 and 6 months of compensation External Monitoring External monitoring focuses on processes and outcomes. External monitoring shall consist of audits instituted by the different donor agencies (AfDB) and any other interested entity to establish the level of project compliance to the required performance standards. The external monitoring shall also be done by government entities such as Ministry of lands, Housing and Urban Development (MLHUD), Ministry of labour and social development (MoLSD) and NEMA in fulfilment of their legislative mandates and from time to time when deemed necessary. Evaluation

The evaluation of the findings shall be done on a monthly, quarterly, Bi-annual, annual and project midterm basis. Generally, the evaluation shall depend on the data collection schedule proposed under performance and impact monitoring sections. Specifically for performance monitoring the evaluation shall be done based on targets of the different indicators while that for impact monitoring be done based on the baseline conditions.

Overall RAP Budget Overall, the estimated cost for the compensation for losses, implementation of all special support interventions for the vulnerable people, livelihoods restoration mitigations and complimentary initiatives is Ugx 47,911,403,057 (Forty Seven Billion, Nine hundred and eleven Million, Four hundred and Three thousand, fifty seven shillings only Total estimated cost of RAP S/N RAP Component Budget PAP Entitlements 1. Value of land take 20,311,025,766 2. Value of Buildings/Developments 13,926,250,000 3. Value of Crops/Trees 4,062,205,153 4. 15% disturbance allowance 5,744,922,138 Sub Total 44,044,403,057 PAP safeguards management 5. Vulnerability assistance 78, 500,000 6 Physical Resettlement 387,500,000 7. Livelihood restoration and Enhancement 1,440,000,000 8 Complimentary Initiatives 1,750,000,000 Sub Total 3,867,000,000 Grand Total 47,700.403,057 The implementation of the resettlement and livelihood restoration budget shall crosscut the preconstruction (Land acquisition) and construction phases. Pre-construction activities shall include, continued stakeholder engagements and public consultations, physical resettlement of vulnerable PAPs, relocation of family graves and financial literacy trainings. The remaining activities shall be implemented as part of the civil works and

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) xxiii shall be incorporated into the bidding documents. Community development interventions to enhance livelihood restoration shall be implemented throughout the project cycle.

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) xxiv

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview The Government of Uganda, through the Uganda National Roads Authority has earmarked the upgrading of Namagumba Budadiri Nalugugu road (29km) from unpaved to paved (Bituminous standard) through a proposed African Development Bank funding. This road segment starts at Namagumba in Mbale on Namunsi-Sironko road, through Budadiri Town Council connecting back to Sironko-Namunsi road at Nalugugu in Sironko district. The upgrading of this road is expected to alleviate the transport situation in this area. Currently, the road is a gravel carrying medium traffic volume and has a 4.0m wide carriage way. The road along its various sections has been subjected to varying degrees of damage due to rapid increase in big and heavy transportation vehicles carrying agricultural produce, coupled the relative heavy rains in the area.

As per project design characteristics, the upgrading of the road will require acquisition of additional land beyond the existing carriageway. Given the linear settlement pattern and the potentially vibrant agricultural economy of the project area, land acquisition for the development of the road will inadvertently result in both physical and economic displacement of people and their livelihoods and this has created a need for preparation of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). The goal of the RAP development is to minimize the negative economic and social impacts that arise from either Involuntary Resettlement (IR) or loss of property/ livelihood for the Project Affected/ Impacted Persons resulting in relocation or loss of shelter, loss of assets or access to assets and loss of income sources and livelihoods The RAP for Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu has been prepared in line with the Ugandan policies and legislation, AfDB’s Operational Safeguard (OS) 2, and other best industrial practices. The RAP has been prepared under three major activities i.e., social survey, land survey and valuation, using a combination of methods such as literature review, stakeholder participation and consultation, filed surveys among others. It provides cadastral and statistical data that is based comprehensive surveys and assessments involving all property, Households (HHs) and project affected persons (PAPs) along the proposed Right of Way (RoW). It provides a comprehensive depiction of community and stakeholders views and opinions as expressed during the multi-level engagements and consultations undertaken in the project area. it is also based on a detailed Inventory of Loss (IL) and also provides actual costs for compensation and resettlement of project affected people, consistent with the provisions of national laws and the Operational Safeguard Standards of the African Development Bank.

Provided in this RAP are the key resettlement process/activities, potential project impacts and a holistic set of measures for compensation, resettlement and livelihood restoration for persons who will be physically and/or economically displaced. Social aspects such as gender, age, and any other forms of vulnerabilities have also been given special consideration to ensure that the project does not disenfranchise particular project-affected people. 1.2 Project Description 1.2.1 Project Description and Location The Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road (29km) is an existing gravel road located in the Eastern part of Uganda. The Project Road starts at Namagumba trading center, about 6 km from Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 1 the junction along the Mbale-Sironko road. It moves in an easterly direction up to Budadiri, where it changes to a north-westerly direction passing through Mutufu and Salalira trading centers, before ending at Nalugugu trading center along the Mbale-Moroto road. Sironko District is bordered by Bulambuli District to the north, Kapchorwa and Kween Districts to the north-east, Kenya to the east, Bududa District to the south-east, Mbale District to south- west, and Bukedea District to the west. Sironko is approximately 22 kilometers, by road, north- east of Mbale, the largest city in the Bugisu sub-region. Road is critical for the transportation of people and goods, most especially agricultural produce from Sironko District. Sironko is a hub for crop agriculture due to its fertile soils and nearly all- year-round rainfall due to its strategic location at the foot of Mount Elgon. The road also support tourism activities to the Mount Elgon National Park. The road is currently gravel making it uncomfortable for travel and it is easily destroyed by rainfall.

Figure 1-1 Geographical location of the project area

1.2.2 Administrative units The road passes through about 8 growth centres and one town council. The growth centres are Namagumba, Patto, Bugusege, Sinalori, Buweri, Budadiri, Salalila and Nalugugu. Table.2-1 shows the districts, sub-counties, trading centres and villages through which the road will pass.

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 2

Table 1-1dministrative units traversed by the proposed road District Sub-county Major Trading Villages Centres Mbale Namanyonyi Namagumba Namagumba B, Kifafa Pato T/C, Nagudi, Buwira, Nanyenya, Kadodoyi, Maguma, Sironko Buwalasi Patto Bumu du, Nadome, Mukusi, Bunambo zo, Buwamaniala. Busamaga Sironko Buwasa Bugusege, Bugusege central, Kakoti, Bugusege, Mayiyi, Kyawobungo. Bunabbonyo Sironko Buyobo Buyobo, Bumusi, Masheke, Nabisagasa, Dunga, Bumayamba, Bulambuli, Buweri Bulumulo, Buwadika, Bumusi, Mutumba, Nabbiga, Buyi, Kishuli, Buweri, Wosita, Kisoso. Sironko Budadiri Town Budadiri, Kilombe Kalawa, Nakido wa, Bumatofu, Naluwoli, Gibinda Council Sironko Bumirasi Miwu Buwesonga, Kyagwe, Miwu, Bukitemu Sironko Bumalimba Mutufu, Nandere Mutufu Trading centre, Buyama, Biwa, Kibizi, Masabasi, Bunandasa, Kidago, Namili, Kisenyi, Buh ugu Sironko Bukise Nandago Buyaka, Matsembwa, Kisenyi, Namakyele, Mivule, Salalila, Miyembe, Basate, Gadigadi, Bumasoba, Kityale

1.2.3 Socio-economic characteristics The road is characterised by linear settlements, with several buildings particularly in the Rural growth centres. The area is also punctuated by several developmental projects namely, coffee processing plant, fish farming, tree planting and utilities such as water supply under the gravity flow scheme and Hydro electricity grid transmission supply.

1.2.4 Terrain The terrain is rolling to hilly terrain with some winding alignment sections and relatively steep gradients. The terrain of the project area is also characterized with altitudes ranging from 1100 – 4000 masl. The drainage system is dominated by rivers originating from Mt. Elgon and its ranges but slow down as they cross the project road due to the flat terrain.

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 3

Figure 1-2 Drainage Map of the project area

1.3 Project Justification The goal of the NDP III is to increase household incomes and improving the quality of life of Ugandans, through prioritizing investment in priority economic growth drivers as identified in the Uganda Vision 2040. The National Development Plan III (NDP III) 2020/2021-2024/2025 developed under the theme “Sustainable Industrialization for inclusive growth, employment and wealth creation”, placed integrated Transport Infrastructure and Services among the development drivers. The NDP III notes that seamless integrated infrastructure is crucial to any economic development. Infrastructure plays an important role in contributing to a higher rate of economic growth leading to improvement of the country's standard of living. Infrastructure is key to integration in global and domestic trade and market systems. As such, transport infrastructural problems limit a country’s ability to engage properly and harness benefits in the globalization process. Uganda’s transport infrastructure is an integral part of its regional and international competitiveness. Productivity in virtually every sector of the economy is affected by the quality and performance of the country’s transportation, water, power supply and other types of infrastructure. Therefore,

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 4 access to and efficiency of transport infrastructure is critical to Uganda’s competitiveness and ability to harness its regional and globalization potential. More so the NDP III determined that transport infrastructure and services are still inadequate and disjointed due to among others high cost of transport infrastructure and services; inadequate integrated land use and transport planning; inadequate transport asset management; and high vulnerability of the transport sector to the impacts of climate variability and change. The proposed road traverses a rich agricultural hinterland with potential for commercialization of agriculture hence, will serve to accelerate Government’s social transformation and modernization programmes. In addition, the proximity of the proposed road to Mount Elgon National park, Sipi falls and other tourist attractions in the area makes it a strategic investment towards boosting the tourism potential and socio-economic transformation of the region. The traffic growth rate is on the increase with heavy traffic noticeable during the market days on most of the growth centres particularly at Mutufu, Kiguli, Bugusege and Salalira. Although regularly maintained, there are tremendous challenges using the existing road. These are augmented by the narrow width of the carriage way, the low lands that are prone to flooding especially by the meandering rivers and streams from Mt. Elgon. The relatively perceived high intensity of the rain during the rainy seasons, coupled with poor drainage cause severe erosion of the road surface and washing away of bridges, making connectivity difficult since some sections of the road become impassable especially for heavy trucks carrying food produce. Over the years, River Sironko and its tributaries have bust their banks during heavy rainy seasons, causing washing away of bridges, flooding of the area and sometimes deaths of people and livestock. On the other hand, during the dry season, dust is a common characteristic causing impaired visibility for motorists and associated traffic accidents. The linear settlements along the road, enterprises and agricultural fields are often covered by dust blooms that affect the quality of life, health and livelihood of the population. Therefore, upgrading of this road will come a long way in improving the livelihoods of the population through improved connectivity to markets and social services such as health facilities, worship centres, schools among others. It will solve the current challenges of delayed travel times, high vehicle maintenance costs and road safety thus facilitating poverty reduction in the region. 1.4 Project Design Characteristics 1.4.1 Road Sections The road has been divided into four distinct segments: Segment 1: Namagumba-Budadiri (0+000 to 17+900) Segment 2: Budadiri-Nalugugu (0+000 to 11+300) Segment 3: Budadiri Bypass (1.0km), a bypass around Budadiri town Segment 4 No. Bridges; 30m and 24m double span bridges.

Section 1: Namagumba-Budadiri (17 Kms) This link is a class A unsealed road. The project road is in a fair to poor condition, although it exhibits defects including, loss of gravel, potholes, and scoring of drainage channels.

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 5

Namagumba-Budadiri road lies partly in Mbale but largely in Sironko district. The terrain is rolling to hilly with some winding alignment sections and relatively steep gradients. Road is gravel surfaced in fairly good condition. Food crops grown include maize, bananas, millet. Coffee is grown at Budadiri. The road passes through Bugesege, Buwasa, Bukirya and Sonoli trading centres. Section 2: Budadiri-Nalugugu (12 Kms) The Budadiri-Nalugugu road lies in Sironko district. It starts within Budadiri trading centre and runs in a north-westerly direction to Nalugugu (junction with the Sironko-Kapchorwa road). The terrain is flat to rolling and the alignment is gentle. The road is in fair to poor condition.

Figure 1-3 Overview of the road section

1.4.2 Proposed Alignment

Table 1-2 Sections with design speed of 50KM/hr From To Location KM 0+000 KM 0+500 Namagumba Km 17+000 Km 18+100 Budadiri Km 20+700 Km 21+900 Mutuffu Km 27+800 Km 28+135 Nalugugu 1.4.3 Design Geometrics

Road Design standards The horizontal and vertical alignments of the proposed road upgrade have been designed in line with the Uganda Road Design Manual specifications. The road has been designed to class II paved standards to achieve a high degree of mobility, with adjustments to achieve harmony along the corridor. Design Elements Critical elements of road design include sight distances, super-elevation, widening, grades, horizontal and vertical alignment features (Table 2-2). Careful evaluation of these elements is key to coming up with an efficient and safe road design.

Table 1-3: Summary of design elements Design Element Level Terrain Rolling Terrain Design Speed 90 Km/h 60 Km/h Min. Horizontal Radius 320 m 185 m Max. Super-elevation 7% Max Gradient (Absolute) 5.5% 7.5% Rate of Change of Super-elevation 0.4-0.6 max Minimum crest curve Kmi (stopping sight distance) 71 31 Minimum Sag Curve Kmin 41 25 Stopping Sight Distance 170m 111m Passing Sight Distance 750m 550m

Typical cross sections The design has considered different cross-sections for the urban and rural settings. For the urban sections, a 6m carriageway is proposed, with 2m shoulders on either side of the road. A 2m footpath is also proposed to cater for pedestrian users. Solar street lighting will be installed for all the urban sections. For the rural sections, a 6m carriage way is proposed with a 2m shoulder on either side of the carriage way (Figures 2-2 and 2-3). Both the rural and urban sections will adopt the same pavement design with 300mm of gravel subbase, 200mm of crushed stone base and 50mm of Asphalt concrete.

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Figure 1-4 Cross section for Major towns

Figure 1-5 Typical cross-section for Rural Areas

Footpaths, Bus-bays and Road Furniture Segregated 2m wide footpaths/cycle paths are proposed at trading centres with high level of non- motorized traffic (NMT) and pedestrian traffic. The footpaths/cycle paths will be separated from the main carriageway and shoulders by an open Invert Block Drain (IBD). In addition, bus bays will be provided at all trading centres, near institutions (e.g. schools, colleges, health clinics, etc) Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 8 and near all major junctions. The traffic calming measures including rumble strips, humps and appropriate warning signs will be provided where considered necessary to enhance safety. Intersections, Junctions and Roundabouts Intersections/Junctions have been proposed as per the Design manual guidelines as well as considering the traffic flows and the design speed. In addition, several access junctions providing access to properties adjacent to the project road have also been proposed. Table 1-4 presents the proposed types of junctions at respective locations along the project road.

Table 1-4: Proposed Junctions CHAINAGE SIDE JUNCTION TYPE DESCRIPTION Km 0+000 START Type-B At Namagumba (start) Km 2+570 LHS Type-A Existing road Km 3+300 RHS Type-A Existing road Km 3+750 LHS Type-A To Bugeza Km 8+110 LHS Type-A To Sironko Km 8+400 RHS Type-A Existing road Km 8+800 RHS Type-A To Buteza Km 12+040 LHS Type-A At Buyobo Km 15+110 RHS Type-A At Buweri Km 17+210 RHS Type-A To Budadiri/Butigimwa Km 17+680 RHS Type-A From Budadiri Km 20+480 RHS Type-A Existing road Km 25+280 RHS Type-A Existing road

1.5 The Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) The RAP provides an agreed plan for the resettlement and compensation of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) in a way that will not make them worse off. It should (at least) maintain, or ideally improve the living standards of those affected by land acquisition and any other resettlement impacts of the project, as per the main principles of the Involuntary Resettlement policies of the African Development Bank.

1.5.1 Objectives of the RAP The goal of the RAP development is to minimize the negative economic and social impacts that arise from either Involuntary Resettlement (IR) or loss of property/ livelihood for the Project Affected/ Impacted Persons resulting in;

 Relocation or loss of shelter  Loss of assets or access to assets  Loss of income sources and livelihoods This RAP therefore, is to provide guidance on how the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) for the Namagumba-Budadiri- Nalugugu, will be adequately compensated. In addition, it documents the processes that have been undertaken to ensure that compensation and resettlement are implemented in a way that is compliant with the AfDB’s policies and standards.

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The specific objectives are to: (i) Provide opportunities and avenues for the affected persons to be effectively consulted in a transparent atmosphere and participate in all key stages of the process of developing and implementing involuntary resettlement and compensation activities; (ii) Identify project affected persons (PAPs) and their properties, livelihood activities and determine compensation and resettlement packages. (iii)Provide opportunities for the affected persons to participate in determining compensation and resettlement in relation to the impacts suffered, and in accordance with the Ugandan laws and UNRA guidelines; and guided by International Best Practices. (iv) Undertake a socio-economic survey of the affected persons in order to determine eligibility and entitlements for resettlement and livelihood restoration; and establish indicators for monitoring and evaluation. (v) Identify economically displaced and vulnerable groups and recommend measures through which affected persons, including vulnerable groups, are assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and their level and living environment so that they are not left worse off than before the project. (vi) Establish a Grievance resolution mechanism to address any grievances arising from the displacement throughout the project cycle.

1.5.2 Guiding Principles For the RAP In developing this RAP a number of principles have been followed, based on the AfDB Involuntary Resettlement Policy 2003. They include the following: (i) RAP development will ensure that displacement is minimized, and that the displaced persons are provided with assistance prior to, during and following their physical relocation. (ii) To ensure that displaced people receive significant resettlement assistance under the project, so that their standards of living, income-earning capacity, production levels and overall means of livelihood are improved beyond pre-project levels; (iii)Displaced persons and host communities was meaningfully consulted early in the planning process and encouraged to participate in the planning and implementation of the resettlement program. The displaced persons was informed about their options and rights pertaining to resettlement. With particular attention given to the disadvantaged groups; including the landless, the elderly, women and children, and those without legal title to assets, female-headed households. (iv) Resettlers was integrated socially and economically into host communities so that adverse impacts on host communities are minimized. Any payment due to the hosts for land or other assets provided to resettlers was promptly rendered. (v) Displaced persons was compensated for their losses at “full replacement” cost prior to their actual move or before taking of land and related assets or commencement of project activities, whichever occurs first; and (vi) The total cost of the project as a result will include the full cost of all resettlement activities, factoring in the loss of livelihood and earning potential among affected peoples.

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1.5.3 RAP Scope The scope of this RAP is based on the guidelines of the AfDB and UNRA standards and covers land acquisition and related impacts through the following activities:

i) Pegging out the proposed Right of Way (RoW), ii) Identifying, disclosing relevant project information and consulting PAPs and other stakeholders guided by a well-developed Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP), iii) Identifying the nature, extent and value of losses and prepare an inventory of the affected lands and other assets and their owners iv) Conducting a socio-economic survey as per the process prescribed in the OS2, v) Proposing a fair and equitable mitigation or compensation measures, vi) Proposing additional conditions or enhancement measures for improving the quality of life of PAPs, including special assistance measures vulnerable PAPs, vii) Establishing a credible community Grievances Mechanism (GM) viii) Proposing implementation arrangements for the RAP, ix) Proposing monitoring and evaluation methodology for RAP implementation, including reporting arrangements. x) Preparing and submitting the RAP report

1.5.4 Justification of the RAP The development of Namagumaba-Budadiri-Nalugugu road will affect more than 200 households who will lose land and will need relocation. Thus the need to develop a plan that will guide their proper resettlement.

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2.0 RAP APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 2.1 Introduction This RAP has been prepared using a combination of methods for the land survey, Asset assessment and socio-economic studies. The different methods which were used to develop and guide the situation analysis of the socio-economic characteristics of the project area, survey and valuation processes are expounded below; 2.2 Social survey The methodology adopted for the collection of socio-economic data was that of mixed methodology integrating both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The team broadly classified the project socio-economic aspects into; Households, public facilities, Vacant/undeveloped land, Tenants and businesses. For each of these, qualitative and quantitative data collection tools was adopted to collect the corresponding socio-economic information. 2.2.1 Quantitative Methods The data collection process largely relied on questionnaire method given the large number of project affected persons (PAPs) and the numeric nature of information required to qualify the different socio-economic variables. The questionnaires were designed in such a way to resonate with the project socio-economic contexts as well as the emerging dynamics along the RoW. Household Questionnaire This targeted resident project affected persons who are to be physically displaced by the RoW. Household Heads (HH) were the main target but in absence, any family member who would offer the required information was considered. Public Assets This targeted the custodians of any private or public assets within the RoW which were used by or of importance to the wider community. Some of these included schools, churches, and water sources among others. Vacant land and Incomplete structure This targeted land owners who have vacant land and those who had structures which were not completed and inhabitable by humans. Business/tenant This targeted substantially large businesses which occupied larger space beyond a single tenement. This targeted tenants who resided or conducted small scale business (housed with one tenement) or both in the RoW were also targeted.

2.2.2 Qualitative data collection methods Literature/Document Reviews This involved the review of the existing documents related to the project, resettlement projects/approaches, legislation frameworks and development plans among others. The broader review of these documents helped the RAP team in better understanding of the project context and the required standards to apply. At the same time, the review facilitated the understanding of the underlying dynamics (storyline) of the observable outcomes of some RAP aspects. Key informant Interviews

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Many issues such as gender, culture, GBV, land ownership and community setup need a more qualitative dimension to guide proper programming for resettlement. A number of KIIs were held with the district leaders, cultural leaders, CSOs, opinion leaders, religious leaders, women leaders and institutional leaders among others. The detailed views of these are expounded in the stakeholder engagement chapter. Focused Group Discussions Focused Group discussions (FGDs) were held with the different categories of people affected by the project. These included women, men, youths and businesses among others. To ensure participation, these were done in a controlled manner, taking consideration of gender and cultural sensitivities. Observations/transect walks Observations were carried out during the field visits and transect walks within the area affected by the project. As and above, observation, professional judgement was applied through interactions with the different practitioners involved in the different activities on the project to draw sensible and empirical deductions as well as relating them to the RAP process. At many instances the observations were complimented with photography as documentation tools. Community engagements Community engagements were held in every village of the project. These were aimed introducing the project to the community and also gather their views about the project. Effort was made to ensure that the engagements were initiated at an early stage and in accessible places to the stakeholders especially the PAPs, issues of inclusion and equity were taken into consideration during the mobilization and conducting these engagements. It was ensured that the project information was disclosed fully to the stakeholders. The integration of the different stakeholders’ views has greatly shaped the overall RAP and project design outcomes. Gender Profiling Within the HH tool, there are a number of parameters which were integrated to have an overall feel about the gender related dynamics within the project communities. These were complimented with Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) of men and women, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with CSOs, district officials and leaders who held critical information on gender aspects within the community. Technically the engagements were guided by the tenets of the Moser framework of gender analysis. The aspects which were interrogated included the Gender division of labour (Covering the productive, reproductive and community roles as constructed in the community), Access Control (in the context of resources affected by the project and community at large). From the HH, the overall gender outlook was established through the number of men and women and what they do at the HH as well as what they control, spending at HH etc. Similarly, the women engagement in community leadership and decision making was interrogated. 2.2.3 Data Analysis Qualitative data analysis Qualitative data analysis mainly involved transcribing information collected from the different interviews, stakeholder engagements and focus group discussions. This together with information collected from the document review processes were organized under repetitive motifs referred to as themes using techniques capsuled under ‘content analysis’ techniques. These were corroborated/triangulated with the quantitative data to come up with informed conclusions during this resettlement planning process. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 13

Quantitative data analysis The analysis was done using SPSS version 20 microcomputer package and presented in a descriptive and pictorial (tables, graphs and pie charts) formats. Where the analysis required more than two variables, STATA software analysis pack was adopted. 2.2.4 Data Quality Control measures A number of data quality and control protocols were adopted to ensure that quality data is used to inform the RAP process. The measures adopted included  Use of the graduate data collectors complimented by junior sociologists within UNRA. These were trained on how to use the tools and the different research ethics. The data collected was reviewed for completeness before acceptance in the database.  The data collectors were always guided by the community leaders who worked with surveyors to ensure that the eligible PAPs are included in the data collection process.  Development of needs-based data collection tools to cater for all occupants within the right of way. These included; the property owners, tenants (both residential and commercial), Public Assets (such as schools, hospitals etc), vacant plots as well as incomplete structures and businesses. Each of this was georeferenced i.e. specific coordinate per respondent were collected.  The automation of tools to reduce on possible sources of errors which might arise if manual process are adopted.

Other qualitative methods of data collection included;

Stakeholder engagements These were conducted at Four levels i.e, National level, district local government level, community and individual PAP levels. Consultations and engagements at the National level was done through workshops, while organised meetings were conducted at with district authorities at the respective district offices. For communities the engagements were mainly through public meeting and on many occasions’ radio talk shows.

Vulnerability mapping and analysis The identification of vulnerable PAPs was done through HH socio-economic survey, public meetings and key informant interviews.

Physical cultural resources The identification of the physical cultural resources was primarily done at HH level through the HH socio-economic tool. The findings from these were complemented by field encounters of the survey and valuation team as well as consultations from the wider community.

Livelihood restoration and enhancement One of the most important components to be considered in this RAP process is the disruption and displacement of business and livelihood sources of the different PAPs. To ascertain the extent to which the project affects these entities a number of methods were deployed to establish the number of livelihood sources and their operation dynamics. The primary step for identification of the income generating activities was done through review and filtering of the data in the Household (HH) socio-economic data collection tools. It is from this that different clusters of livelihood Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 14 activities were established and the related socioeconomic dynamics established. Also tailored business tools were used to understand the in-depth dynamics of business which were operated as enterprises. Also public facilities which were operated as businesses were established through the public asset tool. Focus group discussions were held with the different livelihood clusters represented by a number of PAPs engaged in such businesses. 2.3 Survey Data Collection Methods Availability of control data and thorough verification of its reliability is paramount for any survey exercise and therefore, in the process of execution of the assignment, the first phase was a vigorous search for the primary, secondary and tertiary control points that were fixed during the feasibility study.

This was done with the help of the approved control points which were provided for the entire route of the ROW. The points were searched using a high target GPS Series V90.

A static exercise was conducted using Trimble GNSS GPS systems, to check and verify consistency of the available control points. The entire points were checked to ensure the reliability of the data along the ROW.

2.3.1 Pegging Using pre-established control points for base stations, route centerlines were set out on the ground using Rovers fully configured to receive the broadcasted co-ordinate correction signals from the base stations. At an interval of 10 meters the pegs were fixed on ground defining the LHS & RHS extents of the road reserve.

2.3.2 Strip map Update Updating the strip map was handled concurrently with pegging. New PAPs were recorded; their positions on ground captured and their particulars added onto the existing strip map. Where there was transfer of ownership, the new owners were added on the strip map upon provision of proof of ownership that is; a sales agreement or a certificate of title registered in the current owner’s name. This was accomplished with the guide of the local council chairpersons, the PAP and community elders within a given location along the ROW.

2.4 Inventory of Loss Valuation The valuation survey used the census approach and covered all payable assets or interests of which lie within each of the parcel plotted by the surveyors. The assessment of land and property for compensation in the designed road reserve was carried out in consultation with stakeholders including District and Sub-County officials, property owners, occupants and village LCI officials in the project area. 2.4.1 Valuation Data capture The valuation data capture exercise involved field data capture of permanent and temporary buildings/structures, perennial crops and economic trees in the road reserve using a predetermined form. After the data was captured, it was entered in excel software based on the identified assets and other interests. The entries were analyzed against the ownership documentation, market values and building costs. It against this that computation of valuation/assessment figures, Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 15

compilation/preparation of the valuation report and seeking approval from the Chief Government Valuer’s office is done. Upon approval, the valuation report shall be uploaded onto the Right of Way Management Information System (ROWMIS). The detailed process of valuation data capture and analysis are delineated below; 2.4.2 Property Inspection The method of property inspection was based on the following procedures:  On arrival at a given property, with the assistance of Local area leaders and community members i.e., neighbors of PAPs, the following details were sought: The name(s) of the proprietor as well as those of others with sub-interests if any, the extent of the boundaries of the subject land (as pegged out by the land surveyor), Details of ownership (e.g type of tenure). The legality of ownership is ascertained through the available documentation and confirmation from the LC representatives. Related the date on which the valuation is done is also captured.  Ascertainment of the status in regard to any other stakeholders such as the landlords, tenants, squatters and licences among others is done.  Ascertainment of the developments on the plots is done through establishing the type, condition, Size, rental evidence if any and Services available among others.  Also, the crops if existent on the land are assessed depending on the type, number, age and quality.  The exercise of property inspection was closed through completing assessment forms for PAPs, capturing the affected properties within the corridor. Once the PAPs acknowledge that the properties affected tally with their own account, the they sign on the assessment forms. These are witnessed by the Chairpersons as well as a UNRA representative/valuer. A copy of the signed form is retained by the PAP for reference.

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3.0 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK 3.1 Introduction This chapter presents the policy and legal frameworks that have been reviewed to give guidance to the development of this RAP. They include AfDB policies, National policies and laws and UNRA policies. The gaps between local and AfDB policies have been identified and the RAP shows how such gaps have been be bridged to ensure effective land acquisition and resettlement. 3.2 National Policy Framework 3.2.1 The National Transport Master Plan, 2008-2023 The Uganda National Transport Master Plan (UNTMP) set out a framework for development of the transport sector over the next 15 years, 2008-23, in three (3) five-year phases. It reflects the key role that transport plays in facilitating economic and social development. The UNTMP is informed by the MoWT transport policy which has many aspirations including; improving access to public services, markets, and employment, through improvement and maintenance of rural and urban transport infrastructure; promoting greater integration of transport and land use planning in urban areas; contribute, through transport services, to an increase in trade, employment and economic output, and a reduction in poverty; and ensuring that all transport development projects are subject to environmental and social impact assessments (ESIA). The development of the Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu road and the resettlement process contributes and conforms to the objectives of the National Transport Master Plan, 2008-2023. 3.2.2 Uganda Vision, 2040 The Uganda Vision 2040 expresses clear strategies and policy directions to transform the country into a competitive upper middle-income country with per capita income of USD 9,500 building from previous development strategies such as Vision 2025. It aims at transforming Uganda from a predominantly peasant and low-income country to a competitive upper middle income country. It builds on the progress that has been made in addressing the strategic bottle-necks that have constrained Uganda’s socio-economic development since independence. The Vision 2040 is conceptualized around strengthening the fundamentals of the economy to harness the abundant opportunities around the country; and considers the transport sector as one of the fundamentals to be developed. From the environmental perspective, the Vision 2040 intends to conserve and wisely use the country’s environmental, natural resources and cultural diversity for collective benefit of the present and future generations and adopt patterns of production, consumption and reproduction that safeguards the environment in the pursuit of national development. The development of this project in general, and RAP specifically, conforms to these aspirations, to mitigate any potential impacts to the population, natural resources and enhance sustainable infrastructure development that conserves the environment. 3.2.3 Uganda National Land Policy,2013 The overall goal of the Policy is ‘to ensure an efficient, equitable and optimal utilization and management of Uganda’s land resources for poverty reduction, wealth creation and socio•economic development. One of the guiding principles of the Land Policy is ‘effective regulation of land use and land development. One of the objectives of this policy is to ensure planned, environmentally-friendly, affordable and orderly development of human settlements for both rural and urban areas, including infrastructure development.

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Land acquisition for this project was in line with the objectives and principles of this policy. The policy cautions about possibilities of multiple and conflicting interests on land, ineffective dispute resolution mechanisms and vulnerability of some social groups in securing entitlements over land. These are likely to occur on this project where land tenure is mainly customary. Vulnerabilities associated with land tenure was identified and respective measures suggested. 3.2.4 The National Environment Management Policy,2014 The overall goal of the National Environment Management Policy is the promotion of sustainable economic and social development mindful of the need for future generations. The policy seeks to promote long-term, socio-economic development for improved health and quality of life through sound environmental and natural resource management. A RAP is an environmental and social management tool developed to address physical and/or economic displacement of the Project Affected Persons, all of which are identified by the ESIA. Therefore, this RAP development and its subsequent implementation satisfies the requirements of the National Environment Management Policy. 3.2.5 The National Gender Policy,2017 The aim of this Policy is to guide and direct at all levels, the planning, resource allocation and implementation of development programmes with a gender perspective. The purpose of the national gender policy is to establish a clear framework for identification, implementation and coordination of interventions designed to achieve gender equality and women’s empowerment1 in Uganda’s development process. This RAP takes into consideration likely vulnerabilities associated with gender and how they are likely to compromise the full participation of women in planning consultations and/or even lead to further vulnerabilities during and after RAP implementation.

3.2.6 National Policy on Elimination of Gender Based Violence (GBV),2016 The policy seeks to promote, prevent and respond, and end impunity of gender-based violation in the country. The highest prevalence of gender-based violence is among women aged between 15 and 45; and generally, involves sexual violence. A number of vulnerabilities identified during social surveys and stakeholder engagements are gender-based vulnerabilities especially Gender Based Violence (GBV). The RAP has been prepared and was implemented in line with the principles of this policy. UNRA will also appoint a dedicated service provider to monitor and manage issues related to GBV. 3.2.7 The Uganda National Culture Policy (UNCP),2006 The UNCP ascertains that culture concerns itself with socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions and all other products of human work and thought. Culture includes intangible and tangible heritage, which is varied, complex, and in constant evolution. The intangible heritage includes language, oral traditions, performing arts, music, festive events, rituals, social practices, traditional craftsmanship, knowledge and practices concerning nature. One of its policy objectives is to conserve, protect and promote Uganda’s tangible and intangible cultural heritage. This RAP

1 Women's Empowerment, is the process of enhancing women's capacity to take charge of their own development, the process involves enabling women to make their choices, have a say in decisions that affect them, ability to initiate actions for development, change in attitudes, and increased consciousness of equal access to and control of resources and services in order to take charge of their opportunities Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 18 preparation takes into account all these aspects and all physical properties with cultural significance have been identified and an inventory for such affected properties developed. 3.2.8 The National HIV/AIDS Policy,2004 This Policy provides overall policy framework for national HIV/AIDS response mandates sectors to mainstream HIV/AIDS into its their programmes, plans and activities. One of the policy objectives is to minimize the socio-economic impacts of HIV/AIDS on the population and promote involvement of those infected and impacted upon by the disease. This RAP planning has taken into consideration HIV/AIDS as key driver to existing vulnerabilities and the identification of reasonable mitigation measures including the provision of social assistance to such vulnerable social groups to mitigate the dangers of HI/AIDS associated vulnerabilities. 3.2.9 National Policy for Older Persons,2009 Most of the elderly persons are likely to be dependents, unemployed and sometimes living alone without adequate support and are challenged in respect to accessing basic services, face difficulties in reading and interpretation of relevant documentation and suffer lifelong health conditions that require close attention and regular medication. This policy obliges UNRA to ensure that vulnerabilities associated with age are identified and appropriate response measures integrated into RAP planning and implementation. All categories of vulnerable elderly PAPs have been identified and accorded platforms for their views to be heard and considered. Special assistance measure for elderly PAPs have also been proposed in this RAP. The RAP has been prepared and was implemented in line with the principles of this policy. 3.2.10 National Policy on Disability,2016 One of the policy objectives is to ensure that the capacity of PWDs and their care-givers to access essential services and entitlements is enhanced. Some of the suggested strategies include ensuring participation of PWDs in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of all relevant initiatives; and implementing interventions through communities, local authorities, CSOs, the private sector networks and other actors so as to enhance capacity and increase the outreach. The development of this RAP has therefore taken into consideration different vulnerabilities in terms of consulting them and designing different measures to assist them so that they are not made more vulnerable by this project. 3.2.11 National Orphans and Vulnerable Children’s (OVC)Policy,2004 The mission of the policy is to provide a framework for the enjoyment of the rights and fulfilment of responsibilities of the orphans and other vulnerable children. It informs programmes and legal and administrative actions that affect the safety, well-being and development of orphans, vulnerable children and their care-givers. The NOP priority areas of focus are care and support, child protection, education, health, food security and nutrition, psychosocial support, socio- economic security, conflict resolution and peace-building. This RAP was implemented in respect to principles outlined in this policy. Orphans and other children’s rights in respect to land and property was respected as highlighted under Land Act, 1998. 3.2.12 National Youth Policy,2016 The Ugandan National Youth Policy (2016) provides a basis for holistic integration and inclusion of the youth in Uganda’s development planning and implementation. This RAP will be

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 19 implemented in line with the aspiration of improving the livelihood of affected youth including their involvement and participation. Livelihood restoration measures have been recommended for the specific groups including youth. 3.2.13 National Equal Opportunities Policy,2006 The National Equal Opportunities Policy, 2016 provides a framework for re-dressing imbalances, which exist against marginalized groups while promoting equality and fairness for all, with a goal of. The development of this RAP has ensured that everyone participates in the process. Different stakeholders have been engaged to ensure sharing of benefits. Extra initiatives have been taken to identify marginalized and vulnerable groups and making sure that they participate in RAP planning and implementation activities. 3.2.14 Sectoral Policy Statements&Guidelines for Mainstreaming Cross-Cutting Concerns The Ministry of Works and Transport (MoWT) has prepared sub-sectoral specific Policy Statements and Guidelines for mainstreaming the following thematic aspects into its development programmes. These are Policy Statements and Guidelines for mainstreaming: HIV/AIDS interventions; Gender; Occupational Health and Safety (OSH); Issues of People with Disabilities (PWDs) and the Elderly. These are all deliberate sectoral initiatives to ensure that, specific and special peculiarities and needs with respect to thematic cross cutting issues are integrated into the road sub-sector. These guidelines further provide steps and processes that are to be followed in mainstreaming cross-cutting issues into Road projects. The development of this RAP has been guided by these guidelines and all these issues taken care of as observed above. 3.2.15 The Uganda Resettlement/Land Acquisition Framework 2002 The Resettlement Policy Framework, 2002 is an institutional safeguard against severe adverse impacts of the planned road project activities on the society and proposes mitigation measures. The framework outlines measures to be undertaken with respect to land acquisition matters and which is in tandem with the existing national and international provisions governing land acquisition. The development of this RAP has been based on the requirements of this policy including consideration for application of mitigation hierarchy. 3.3 Applicable Laws of the Republic of Uganda 3.3.1 Overview Applicable laws with relevance to land tenure, compensation and resettlement, are the following:

 The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda,1995  The Land Act, Cap. 227 (revised2000)  The Land Acquisition Act,1965  The Local Government Act,1997  The Land Regulations,2004  The National Environmental Management Act  The Roads Act,1999  The Road Access Act  The Physical Planning Act  The Historical Monument Act Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 20

 Cooperate Policies (UNRA)

3.3.2 The 1995 National Constitution The Constitution of Uganda, 1995 vests all land directly in the Citizens of Uganda, and states that every person in Uganda has the right to own property. The Constitution prescribes the tenure regimes in which rights and interests in land may be held and or changed. These are listed as customary, freehold, mailo and leasehold. It also gives the government and local authorities a statutory power of compulsory acquisition of land in the public interest, and makes provision, interalia, for the “prompt payment of fair and adequate compensation” prior to the taking of possession of the property. This resettlement planning has taken into consideration and complies with the provisions of this supreme law. The RAP therefore recognizes that all property owners have a right to compensation and they was compensated promptly. The constitution further gives guidance on land tenure; all people owning land in whichever form, be it customary, freehold or, leasehold and are along the proposed Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu road project alignment was compensated accordingly. Although only these latter forms of tenure are legally defined under the Land Act, the context of common law also recognizes the “Licensee2” or “Sharecroppers”, these terms having similar meanings in practice. Traditionally, such production would be limited to annual crops. Licensees have no legal security of tenure or any propriety right on the land. Their tenure is purely contractual. Right of spouse and children The rights of spouse and children are protected under the Constitution of Uganda and the Land Act, 1988. The consent of spouse and children must be acquired prior to any transaction on land on which the family ordinarily resides by the head of household. This RAP has made express provisions to involve all PAP household members in the disclosure process before compensation payments are made. 3.3.3 The Land Act,1998 as amended in 2010 (Cap227): The Act addresses landholding, management control and dispute resolution and creates a series of land administration and regulation. It then defines the incidence of each tenure regime (institutions. customary, freehold, mailo or leasehold tenure systems). section 4 provides mechanisms of acquisition of certificates of customary ownership(ss.5-9), or the conversion of customary tenure to freehold(ss.10- 15), or collective management of land held under customary law (ss.16-27), the protection of the rights of women, children and persons with disability(s.28), the conversion of leasehold into freehold (s.29), the security of tenure for ‘tenants by occupancy’(ss.30-39),and the creation of a Land Fund to assist various people wishing to obtain secure rights in land(s.42).The Act also creates a series of land administration institutions consisting of Parish Land Committees3, District Lands Boards and Uganda Land Commission (ULC).

2 Licensees are persons granted authority to use land for agricultural production or other temporary activities. 3Committees “are defined under Section 65 of the Land Act; they are the Parish Land Committees. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 21

Section 78 of the Act gives valuation principles for compensation at depreciated replacement costs for rural properties and market values for urban properties. In addition to the total compensation assessed, there is a disturbance allowance paid of fifteen per cent or, if less than six months’ notice to give up vacant possession is given, thirty per cent of the total sum assessed (see Section 78(2). Therefore, a general approach was to protect as much as possible, the rights of women and children (where it applies) and seek for spousal, children and or committee consent at disclosures and compensation payment. All efforts was made to sensitize PAPs to surrender their land willingly and avoid compulsory acquisition. The land administration institutions, which include the Parish Land Committees and District Land Boards have been used to support RAP planning and will support implementation including being co-opted as mediators in Grievance Management. In addition to the compensation assessments for lost property, a 15% has been given as the disturbance allowance.

3.3.4 Land Acquisition Act, 1965 This Act makes provision for the procedures and methods for temporary and or permanent compulsory acquisition of land for public purposes. The Act requires that adequate, fair and prompt compensation is paid before taking possession of land and property. Disputes arising from the compensation to be paid should be referred to the court for decision if the Land Tribunal cannot handle. These are all meant to ensure that the process of land acquisition is in compliance with existing laws and that the affected persons receive fair, timely, adequate compensation. The RAP strongly recommends these considerations. 3.3.5 The Land Regulations,2004 Regulation 24(1) of the Land Regulations, 2004 states that the District Land Board shall, when compiling and maintaining a list of compensation rates take into consideration the following:

(a) Compensation shall not be payable in respect of any crop which is illegally grown; (b) As much time as possible was allowed for harvest of seasonal crops; (c) The current market value of the crops and trees in their locality will form the basis of determining compensation; These regulations are important for this RAP since the valuation of crops is based on compensation rates generated and updated by districts. It is important that the districts along the alignment have updated compensation rates that reflect the spirit of current market value

3.3.6 The Local Government Act,1997 This Act provides the foundation for the decentralization and devolution of functions, powers, and services to Local Governments. The functions of local governments include Monitoring the implementation of the central government and district policies, and developing programmes under which this proposed project and the RAP partly falls. This resettlement planning identified all local governments and councils along the alignment as primary stakeholders and has utilized the Local council systems for mobilisation and consultations with other stakeholders at the respective levels, identification of vulnerable social groups; and was important during RAP implementation. 3.3.7 The Access Roads Act, Cap350 The Act seeks to ensure that a private landowner/developer who has no reasonable means of access to public highway may apply for leave to construct a road of access to a public highway. The Act Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 22 permits the owner of any land over which an access road is to be constructed to be paid compensation in respect of the use of land, the destruction of crops or trees and other property on the land. The Act also has provisions for grievance resolution between the developer and owner of land over which the access is to be constructed. This Act is applicable to this road as design and implementation of the road project is likely to affect community access roads to the road to be upgraded. 3.3.8 The Roads Act, Cap 358 The Roads Act of 1964 provides for the establishment of road reserves and for the maintenance of roads. In respect to this RAP, all the property that follows within the right of way and the road reserve was evaluated and compensated by the project. The Roads Act also allows the road authorities to dig and take materials from the road reserve for the construction and maintenance of roads. Contractors was required to compensate the owners of areas of land used for borrow pits, quarries, campsites etc. at market rates. 3.3.9 Physical Planning Act (2010) The Physical Planning Act (2010) and its subsequent regulations (2011) gives broad powers to planning authorities at the national and local levels to take land, against compensation, for public purposes within an approved planning area. Further, such authorities can determine set-back lines ‘beyond which no building may project’ into a roadway, including the road reserve area. This act is especially relevant around RGCs and recently approved town councils along the alignment. This RAP has taken into consideration the aspirations of this act to minimise impacts on developments around towns. Also, all developments impacted by this project was subject to compensation including planning for resettlement sites for PAPs who may opt for in-kind compensation. 3.3.10 Historical Monument Act,1967 The Act provides for the preservation and protection of historical monuments and objects of archaeological, paleontological, ethnographical and traditional interest. This has RAP has taken into consideration the respect for cultural heritage and gives recommendations on what to do in case of chance finds. 3.3.11 Registration of Titles Act, Cap230 This Act provides for the registration of and certification and rectification of titles pertaining land. It also provides rules relative to lease of land and other matters regarding land such as mortgage and legal actions regarding land and the bringing of land under this Act. This Act is relevant to the Project since it avails the guidance for registration of land ownership during project establishment. This will apply mainly to physical resettlement since security of tenure is required and yet land is mainly customary in the road project. 3.3.12 Disabilities Act,2006 Section 28 of this Act (PWD Act) provides for Adequate Standard of Living and Social Protection for Persons with Disabilities. This Act is relevant to the Project since it points out the requirement for identification and support of any PAPs identified as PWDs and other vulnerabilities associated with being disabled, to ensure that their rights to resettlement compensation and adequate standard of living is not compromised.

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3.3.13 The Uganda National Roads Authority ACT, No.15 of 2006 The mandate of UNRA is to develop and maintain the national roads network, which currently stands at about 10,800km. UNRA’s Strategic objectives are;

(i) Improving access to most rural and urban areas of the country, (ii) Sustainably maintaining at least 80% of the national roads network in fair to good condition, (iii) Enhancing transport safety through improved design and maintenance of the roads, better markings, signage and furniture, education and sensitization of road users. This RAP has been developed within the mandate of UNRA as provided by this Act 3.3.14 UNRA land acquisition and Resettlement Policy; In October 2019, the UNRA Board of Directors considered, approved and signed of UNRA’s Land Acquisition and Resettlement Policy. The policy is aimed to deliver the following principles: a) Equitable and adequate compensation of all losses prior to occupation; b) Restoration of living standards and livelihoods of those affected; c) Gender Equality; d) Security of Land Rights; e) Human Rights including the rights of access to information; f) Compliance to transparent and good democratic governance principles, best practices and the following procedures: a. Screen proposed alignments, locations etc. from project definition to substantial completion, in line with the established risk and impact mitigation hierarchy: b. Identify all physical and economic displacement risks. c. Conduct option assessments to identify feasible alternatives that avoid the need for displacements. d. Use realignments, narrowed road reserves and other design options to minimize physical displacements. e. Engage in free, prior, informed consultations with all affected people and communities during the planning, implementation, and monitoring of RAPs, which establish entitlements, options and compensation packages with the aim of obtaining broad community support for these RAPs through transparent and consistent procedures. f. Ensure that the livelihoods and living conditions of all affected people are at least restored to pre-project levels through the provision of cash compensation at full replacement costs for non-vulnerable households. g. Identify households and individuals that are vulnerable with a view on the use of cash compensation, discuss and agree on how to assist them to be also able to restore and rehabilitate their living standards and livelihoods to pre-project levels. This assistance was tailored around the specific vulnerabilities, the type, and magnitude of impacts/losses and focus on physical resettlement and livelihood restoration assistance. h. Disburse compensations and entitlements before the commencement of civil works, to the greatest extent. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 24

i. Disclose RAPs to the local authorities and those affected in a manner that is accessible, understandable and culturally appropriate for those affected. j. Establish grievance management committees in line with UNRA’s GRM based on the social and cultural institutions of those affected to solve grievances and address complaints in a timely, impartial, transparent and gender sensitive manner”. All these processes have been followed in the development of this RAP. 3.3.15 UNRA’s Land Acquisition and Resettlement Management System UNRA’s Land Acquisition and Resettlement Management System was endorsed by UNRA’s Board of Directors and outlines the process through which UNRA shall deliver shall undertake the planning and implementation of RAPs. In line OS2, the LARMS also emphasizes the importance of avoidance of impacts, and where not possible, to at least establish mitigation measures to minimise any negative impacts that may arise from IR. Below is the impact mitigation hierarchy provided under the LARMS.

Figure 3-1 UNRA’s Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impact Mitigation Hierarchy 3.3.16 UNRA’s Environmental and Social Safeguard Policy UNRA’s Environmental and Social Safeguard Policy (ESSP) outlines UNRA’s commitment to “avoid, prevent, reduce and mitigate negative environment and social impacts of its activities, including road development, maintenance, and rehabilitation activities and wherever possible, to enhancing the positive impact, to the environment and people” Regarding the land acquisition and resettlement, the ESSP guides that UNRA “shall minimize the need for involuntary resettlement whenever possible. When involuntary resettlement is unavoidable, UNRA will ensure that losses are compensated, and that livelihoods are restored to at least pre-project levels as required by applicable law and standards and require that special measures be put in place for the poor and vulnerable. UNRA, will develop and implement measures to minimize the impact of involuntary

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 25 resettlement, including identifying and evaluating alternatives, sensitizing and/or providing support to help affected people, re-establishing livelihoods, providing allowances to cover costs of moving, and replacing and enhancing community infrastructure and facilities, and to also ensure that an effective grievance redress mechanism is made available to all affected people” 3.4 AfDB Principles and Standards on Involuntary Displacement 3.4.1 AfDB’s Safeguard Policy and guidelines on Involuntary Resettlement, 2003. The primary goal of the involuntary resettlement policy of the African Development Bank (AfDB) is to ensure that when a Bank intervention requires people to be displaced, they are treated equitably and share in the benefits of the project that involve their resettlement and improving their living standards. The policy aims to ensure that disruption to the livelihoods of people in the project area is avoided or at least minimized, and that the displaced persons receive resettlement assistance to improve their living standards. It provides guidance to Bank staff and borrowers, and sets up a mechanism for monitoring the performance of the resettlement programmes. Most importantly, it requires the preparation of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) under a development approach that addresses issues of the livelihood and living standards of the displaced persons as well as compensation for loss of assets, using a participatory approach at all stages of project design and implementation. The Policy has the following key objectives: - i) To avoid involuntary resettlement where feasible, or minimize resettlement impacts where population displacement is unavoidable, exploring all viable project designs.

When a large number of people or a significant portion of the affected population would be subject to relocate or would suffer from the impacts that are difficult to quantify and to compensate, the alternative of not going ahead with the project should be give serious consideration; ii) To ensure that the displaced people receive resettlement assistance, preferably under the project, so that their standards of living, income earning capacity, and production levels are improved; iii) To provide explicit guidance to Bank staff and to the borrowers on the conditions that need to be met regarding involuntary resettlement issues in Bank operations in order to mitigate the negative impacts of displacement and resettlement and establish sustainable economy and society; and iv) To set up a mechanism for monitoring the performance of involuntary resettlement programs in Bank operations and remedying problems as they arise so as to safeguard against ill- prepared and poorly implemented resettlement plans. 3.4.2 Operational Safeguard 2 (OS 2): Involuntary Resettlement: OS 2 relates to Bank-financed projects that lead to involuntary resettlement of people. It seeks to ensure that when people must be displaced, they are treated fairly, equitably, and in a socially and culturally sensitive manner; that they receive compensation and resettlement assistance so that their standards of living, income-earning capacity, production levels and overall means of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 26 livelihood are improved; and that they share on the benefits of the project that involve their resettlement. The safeguard retains the requirement to provide compensation at full replacement cost; reiterates the importance of a resettlement that improves standards of living, income earning capacity, and overall means of livelihood; and emphasizes the need to ensure that social considerations, such as gender, age, and stakes in the project outcome, do not disenfranchise particular project-affected people. The specific objectives of this OS mirror the objectives of the involuntary resettlement policy to: i) Avoid involuntary resettlement where feasible, or minimize resettlement impacts where involuntary resettlement is deemed unavoidable after all alternative project designs have been explored;

ii) Ensure that displaced people are meaningfully consulted and given opportunities to participate in the planning and implementation of resettlement programmers;

iii) Ensure that displaced people receive significant resettlement assistance under the project, so that their standards of living, income-earning capacity, production levels and overall means of livelihood are improved beyond pre-project levels;

iv) Provide explicit guidance to borrowers on the conditions that need to be met regarding involuntary resettlement issues in Bank operations to mitigate the negative impacts of displacement and resettlement, actively facilitate social development and establish a sustainable economy and society; and

v) Guard against poorly prepared and implemented resettlement plans by setting up a mechanism for monitoring the performance of involuntary resettlement programmes in Bank operations and remedying problems as they arise.

vi) Eligibility and entitlements in accordance with the involuntary resettlement policy, three groups of displaced people are entitled to compensation or resettlement assistance for loss of land or other assets taken for project purposes:

3.5 GAP ANALYSIS 3.5.1 Comparison between national Policies and laws, and AfDB Standards It is observed that some of funders’ requirements are not met by certain aspects of the Ugandan legislation and practice in the field of compensation. This section provides the main differences between Ugandan law provisions and the AfDB requirements and the measures that have been undertaken to bridge the gaps as given below table

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Table 3-1 A comparison between Ugandan laws and AfDB standards Resettlement AfDB ISS Uganda Regulations Gaps and conflicts Way Forward Initiatives Objective of Avoid involuntary The MoWT does not have a policy The AfDB Safeguards Adequate and prompt involuntary resettlement where on land acquisition for roads explicitly requires that compensation will also be resettlement feasible, or minimize project or avoiding impact, because involuntary resettlement conducted to allow PAPs resettlement impacts where in the past it has relied on the should be avoided or at least quickly re-instate their lost involuntary resettlement is provisions of the Roads Act (1949 minimized by considering property. deemed unavoidable after Section 2) to protect a road reserve alternative project design. all alternative project of 15m either side from the designs have been centerline. explored; Ministry of Lands is however developing an omnibus Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy which will address most of the potential negative impacts of land expropriation. Eligibility Affected persons, Uganda laws acknowledges 1) The Uganda Laws are The dominant land tenure regardless of their legal security of tenure, including silent about the in project area of the rights to land or assets, are customary tenure as a form of land economically displaced approach roads is entitled to resettlement or holding, therefore entitled to who do not have legal or customary land tenure and compensation provided compensation customary legal rights the occupant are entitled to they have recognized legal 2) In Uganda, entitlement to compensation or rights, or culturally, compensation is based on resettlement provided spiritually, or locally the amount of rights they legally, culturally, and recognized by hold upon the land (at the locally recognized by the communities as customary discretion of the Chief relevant authority inheritors, and provided Government Valuer). All PAPs with no formal they would be physically 3) While those who claim legal rights to land or displaced, lose access to legal occupancy through assets, but have a claim to sources of livelihood; or bona fide occupancy land that is recognized or testify that they have status can be awarded recognizable under occupied the project area of compensation, the Uganda national law will be law requires the tenant to compensated for loss of

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Resettlement AfDB ISS Uganda Regulations Gaps and conflicts Way Forward Initiatives influence at least 6 months seek consent for land prior to cut-off date transaction from the land owner (Land Act 34-3) Consultations Ensure that the people The Uganda law has provisions for While the Land Act stresses AfDB OSS will be affected by the project and consultations and disclosure of the need for prior written adopted. All project the host communities are compensation (Land Acquisition consent in the event of land affected persons will be meaningfully consulted at Act, 1965) acquisition, the regulations informed and will all stages of the project do not require or prescribe participate in the project cycle in a clear and UNRA’s LARMS (2019) spells out resettlement, and cycle; timely disclosure of transparent manner, about the need to undertake stakeholder resettlement assistance; or information about compensation or consultation and sensitization at all consultation throughout the compensation or resettlement package, and stages of project development and project cycle; or how host resettlement options shall consultations that involve implementation that is, from communities shall be be done vulnerable groups Investment planning, through pre- engaged during resettlement feasibity phase, feasibity/prelimary activities. designs, detailed designs, compensation and resettlement, construction and post construction phases. Consultations and engagements shall be preceded by the preparation of a stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP) guide meaningful consultations Resettlement A need to carry out Land Acquisition Act 1965 section Uganda Laws require to asses AfDB OSS was adopted. Planning comprehensive socio- 4 – has provision that the land land and assets but not a A comprehensive socio- economic survey including assessment officer shall cause the comprehensive social economic survey was a population census and an land to be marked out and measured economic study to guide carried out along the inventory of assets resettlement proposed approach roads for Laropi Bridge. It involved HHs, business owners, tenants, public assets/institutions, Land owners and Vulnerable populations.

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Resettlement AfDB ISS Uganda Regulations Gaps and conflicts Way Forward Initiatives Cut off Date The borrower establishes a The Land Acquisition Act outlines Land Act is consistent with Cut off dates will be well cut-off date for eligibility the procedure to follow in setting AfDB OSS. documented and and disseminates compensation payment dates for disseminated throughout information about it compulsory land acquisition. It the project area. throughout the project area includes publishing the notices in in a culturally appropriate the gazette and exhibited at and accessible manner, convenient places on or near the before accessing, clearing land, stating that the Government land, or restricting access intends to take possession of the land and it should state who should be compensated. Grievance In consultations with key 1. Under Article 26 of the 1995 Uganda laws recognize the In addition to management stakeholder groups Constitution of Uganda, any need for a mechanism to implementing the already (including the vulnerable person who has an interest or voice their grievances, existing UNRA GRM, the communities) the borrower right over property being mainly land related project will commit to establishes a culturally acquired compulsorily has ‘’a grievances in courts of law AfDB OSS that requires appropriate and accessible right of access to a court of law’’ and customary authorities. establishment of culturally grievance and redress 2. Land Acquisition Act 1965 - any appropriate and accessible mechanism to resolve, in dispute as to the compensation However, the laws do not grievance procedure, an impartial and timely payable is to be referred to the explicitly require that including free access to manner, any disputes Attorney General or court for development project judicial and administrative arising from the decision. implementers develop remedies. resettlement process and 3. Uganda Land Act 1998- The additional grievance redress compensation procedures. district land tribunals may ‘’ mechanism, to handle a wide The Grievance redress determine disputes relating to range of resettlement related mechanism should not the grant, lease, repossession, grievances, and that are impede access to any transfer or acquisition of land by accessible to affected judicial or administrative individuals, the (Uganda Land communities and individuals. remedies (ISS D.3-24 page Act 1998) 30) 4. Land Policy (41v) recognize the role of customary institutions in making rules governing land, resolving disputes and protecting land rights

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Resettlement AfDB ISS Uganda Regulations Gaps and conflicts Way Forward Initiatives Full For any project that Displacement resulting from Consequently, no measures This Full Resettlement Resettlement involves 200 or more development project activities is are in place to guide how Action Plan follows the OS Action Plan person displaced, or not defined in Uganda laws and resettlement planning should Standards of the African affecting the vulnerable Policies, except the UNRA be done for groups of Development Bank. There groups prepare a full Safeguards Volume 3 Social and affected persons, appropriate were 195 affected people in Resettlement Action Plan Environmental Management measures to avoid, minimize 24 houses plus 59 business (FRAP), or an Abbreviated Annexes. or mitigate the impacts of the owners within the Right of Resettlement Plan (ARAP) project. This is partly way and 38 business if the number to be because linear projects owners outside the RoW- displaced is fewer than 200 hardly involve large scale at the landing sites. people resettlement Compensation 1. The 1995 Constitution of 1. The Uganda laws are 1. The Project shall Procedures Uganda requires that ‘’prompt consistent with ADB OSS commit to the principle 1. Affected people are payment of fair and adequate requirements that land of compensation before supposed to be compensation, prior to the only be possessed after land acquisition compensated for all taking of possession or compensation has been 2. Compensation will be their losses at full acquisition of the property’’ is paid. done at full replacement cost before undertaken. 2. However, the Land Act replacement cost of their actual move  The Land Act 1998 section 78, does not require that structures and market 2. The borrower gives Land owned is to be persons with land-based value land. preference for land-to- compensated at open market livelihoods are offered 3. Land-for-land land compensation value of the unimproved land, land-based compensation, approach will be and/or compensation-in- buildings on the land are to be instead cash compensation considered when the kind cash-in-kind based. compensated at open market 3. The Uganda laws differ road project takes the Displaced people are value (in urban areas) and with ADB OSS on how entire land and when provided with targeted depreciated replacement cost compensation rates are land replacement is resettlement assistance for the rural areas, and the computed. The Land Act preferred by the to help them improve or disturbance allowance of 15% does not offer the full affected person and/or restore their standards of and 30%, depending replacement cost when the affected living and livelihoods 2. The Access Roads Act, Cap 350 prescribed by the AfDB, person is considered beyond pre-project (June 1969) provides for instead the depreciated vulnerable levels mechanism to restore access replacement cost for rural 4. Should cash 3. Restoration of public road of applying for an access structure compensation be facilities, infrastructure, road to public highway and a preferred, cash loss

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Resettlement AfDB ISS Uganda Regulations Gaps and conflicts Way Forward Initiatives and common property legal regime to ensure the safety 4. In place of relocation mitigation measures resources in suitable of the neighboring environment assistance, the Uganda will be devised to alternative (D.5-45) law provides disturbance enable the affected Project attempts to allowance person restore avoid the destruction of 5. No legal provision to structures and sources places of cultural and compensate for loss of of income religious significance rental and business 5. ADB is committed to (D.-50) income, it is assumed that implementing targeted this is covered by the complimentary disturbance allowance of initiatives 15% or 30% above the compensation value if the compensated persons is given more than six months’ notice to vacate and less than six months respectively. This is intended to help the displaced persons re- establish their livelihoods at least to the standard prior to their displacement. Vulnerability In resettlement planning, The 1995 Uganda Constitution The Uganda laws offer The project will commit pay particular attention to stipulates that: ‘’the state shall take protection of vulnerable itself to all vulnerable vulnerability, including affirmative action in favour of groups from exploitation. populations in the gender vulnerability, and groups marginalized on the basis of However, this does not resettlement project cycle, need for their participation gender, age, disability or any other provide the procedure that and equitable access to in resettlement planning, reason for the purpose of redressing should be followed in resources and control of management and imbalances which exist against ensuring equity in benefits, through operations, and in them’’. However, this regulation is resettlement activities, consultations and livelihood activities not fully described in the context of accessing and controlling sensitization. On a case by resettlement or land acquisition development benefits, and case basis, additional support will accordingly be

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Resettlement AfDB ISS Uganda Regulations Gaps and conflicts Way Forward Initiatives they should be consulted, provided to the vulnerable engaged or further protected. groups. Implementation, ADB requires the client to No monitoring and evaluation The Uganda laws do not The project will develop a Monitoring and implement M&E in the procedures are prescribed for the require development project monitoring and evaluation evaluation resettlement project cycle, implementation of a resettlement implementers to develop a plan to ensure that M&E and other sub-component and location project monitoring and evaluation indicators proposed in this including grievances, methodology contrary to RAP are implemented as complimentary ADB Oss proposed and in line with programmes, and to AfDB OSS. undertake periodic reporting

As shown in above table, the AfDB guidelines and policies on involuntary resettlement are more favourable to Project Affected People than the provisions of the Ugandan Legislation, although some principles are very closely aligned. As much as possible a compromise was found so that people are resettled properly.

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4.0 BASELINE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 4.1 Introduction. The socio-economic data was collected in the month of February from 19th/02/2021 to 6th/03/2021 on a 29 km road project of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu using both quantitative and qualitative methods. A team of 20 enumerators were recruited to assist in the data collection. These were guided by a list of the affected persons on the strip map generated by the surveyors after pegging. The survey targeted all affected households, businesses, renters and vacant land, distributed as follows: 1. A household tool for the people who reside in the Right of Way (947); 2. A businesses tool for those carrying out businesses in the right of way, tenement for renters in the corridor and (1008); 3. A tool for vacant land for land owners that don’t reside on the affected piece of land (811). The findings are therefore presented in three parts; the household tool, the commercial tool and finally the vacant land.

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4.2 The findings from the Household Tool 4.3 Demographic characteristics 4.3.1 The respondents The total number of respondents from the HH questionnaire was 947, out of these 82% were the household heads. The rest were relatives, and among them 52% were spouses. Data, further shows that that 67% were males and 33% females. 4.3.2 Gender of household The data shows that majority of household heads are males (77%). The 23% female headed households will be scrutinized further by UNRA for possible assistance in case they are vulnerable.

Female 23%

Male 77%

Figure 4-1 Gender composition of HH heads 4.3.3 Age of household head A third of household heads is between 50-64 (31%), UNRA will further assess those above 65 (25%) and below 24 years to assess their capacity to resettle themselves in case they are physically affected.

65 AND ABOVE 25.1

50 TO 64 30.8

36 TO 49 27

25 TO 35 13.5

18 TO 24 2.5

BELOW 18 1.1

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Figure 4-2 Age of HH head 4.3.4 Education of household head The data shows that more than a third of household heads did not complete primary level; 7% have none. UNRA will be ready to assist these PAPs with documentation. The education level also

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 35 determines the language of communication; as much as possible the local language has been used during RAP planning and will continue to be used for project activities.

5.8 INCOMPLETE UNIVERSITY 0.1 3.5 INCOMPLETE ADVANCE LEVEL… 0.5 9.7 INCOMPLETE ORDINARY LEVEL … 13.3 11.3 PRIMARY SCHOOL INCOMPLETE 38.2 0.3 NONE 6.7 0 10 20 30 40 50

Figure 4-3 Education status of HH Heads 4.3.5 Where the head of household was born The PAPs were asked about where they were born in order to determine their longevity in the project area. This has a bearing on relocation. The findings are shown in the following chart

13%

No Yes

87%

Data shows the majority say they were born in the project area. This could imply that the PAPs are living among relatives and may find it easy to find relocation land. But it could also mean that with the scarcity of land they may be forced to leave the land where they were born, thus affecting their social support system. Findings from the sensitization meetings confirm this when they say that most people settle in clan patterns and displacement will detach them from their social networks. Whatever the case, they will be supported in their decisions with counselling and any other possible support. 4.3.6 Family size and composition of households The findings show that most households on PAPs on Namagumba-Budadiri –Nalugugu project (62%) one to 6 members. The Ugandan average family size is 4.5 persons, this means that the families are normal family sizes. The chart below shows the number of people in the households that stay on a permanent basis.

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23% 37% 1 to 3 4 to 6 Above 7

40%

Figure 4-4Number of household members staying on a permanent basis. The data further shows that 99% of the household members stay there on a permanent basis and 41% are dependents. The findings data further reveals that 77% HHs have school going children and mostly in the primary section and Ordinary level. PAPs should be encouraged to resettle within the vicinity so that children can continue with schooling uninterrupted. 4.3.7 Level of Education for HH Members The education level of members in the household was sought for and the chart below shows level of education for the household members.

OTHERS 1.9

TERTIARY 8.5

A ‘LEVEL 4.1

O’LEVEL 23.5

PRIMARY 50.1

NONE 11.9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Figure 4-5 Levels of Education for HH Members The chart shows that only 12% of the household members have no education. UNRA should identify them to see the kind of help they may need. Such assistance could be in terms of translation during disclosure and signing documents. 4.4 Vulnerability 4.4.1 Presence of Vulnerable people in the Households. The survey sought to identify the different of vulnerabilities of the project affected people. Findings show that 38% of households have vulnerable people and 23% have more than one vulnerable person. The major vulnerability reported are; elderly (39%) and 59% of these are females. The chart below indicate the different vulnerabilities in the households.

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 37

OTHERS 3.9 EXTREMELY POOR 0.2 JOBLESS 1.2 PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC ILLNESSES 29 MENTALLY DISABLED 5.7 PHYSICALLY DISABLED 8.8 ELDERLY/AGED 28.1 ORPHAN AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 5.4 WIDOW 9.4 FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLD 8.4

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Figure 4-6 Different Vulnerabilities The RAP team has started the process of identification of vulnerable people. They are presented in Chapter…. The identification will continue even during disclosure. Further still, UNRA will specially look out for female headed households for possible support through physical resettlement or any other appropriate means. The discussions revealed that there are women who have been abandoned by their husbands for quite some time and when they heard of the project, they are now coming back to claim the compensation and will leave women and children in more destitute position. UNRA has already engaged with leaders and will work with them to ensure that such households, if physically affected will be encouraged to take up in-kind compensation, to avoid all eventualities.

4.5 Household Gender profiling 4.5.1 Fetching Water, fuel and food In line with fetching water, fuel and food everyone in the household is reported to be involved. The women are more involved at 39%, girl child at11%, women and children at 12%. the following chart is illustrative.

NONE 0.9 MAN AND CHILDREN 1.3 WOMAN AND CHILDREN 11.8 ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 9.1 GIRL CHILD 10.8 BOY CHILD 9.8 BOTH MAN AND WOMAN 7.4 MAN 10.3 WOMAN 38.5 0 10 20 30 40 50

Figure 4-7 Responsibility in terms of fetching water, fuel, and food.

This implies that as much as the women can solely undertake the above activities, they often get support mainly from the children which creates time for participation in other community

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 38 activities. Therefore, UNRA will encourage women participation in the resettlement activities putting into consideration, the appropriate timing. 4.5.2 Taking Care of Children Daily Whereas women have the primary responsibility of taking care of children, the men along Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu project area also offer child care support. Women are seen at 45% at child care and at least 14% of men also look after children. The following chart is illustrative.

NONE 7.4 MAN AND CHILDREN 0.5 WOMAN AND CHILDREN 3.4 ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 4.9 GIRL CHILD 4.5 BOY CHILD 3.4 BOTH MAN AND WOMAN 17 MAN 13.8 WOMAN 45.1

0 10 20 30 40 50

Figure 4-8: showing responsibility in terms of taking care of children From the findings, we can deduce that women can have sometime outside these domestic chores as other members are also helping. Therefore, they can be available for the project activities. 4.5.3 Farming Farming is considered as the primary activity and source of income for the people along Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu. According to the census findings, at least everybody is involved in farming. Women are solely involved at 24%, followed by all Household members at 19% and 16% specifically for both men and women. The following chart shows the findings:

NONE 8.1 MAN AND CHILDREN 1.7 WOMAN AND CHILDREN 5.6 ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 19.1 GIRL CHILD 6.5 BOY CHILD 7.2 BOTH MAN AND WOMAN 15.6 MAN 12.7 WOMAN 23.6

0 5 10 15 20 25

Figure 4-9: Responsibility in terms of Farming

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 39

This implies there is a high level of support in homes in terms of farming given that they are engaged in various crops like coffee, banana, maize, fruits, vegetables among others. UNRA to ensure all engagements target both men and women and should be mindful about the farming seasons. Engagements are encouraged in the afternoon. 4.5.4 Livestock Rearing Livestock rearing is another major activity next to farming for the people along Namagumba- Budadiri-Nalugugu. The main animals kept are dairy cattle for milk and goats on tithering responsibility is for all the household members including other relatives at( 24%), followed by women(18%), men and children. This is a possible livelihood option to support. The chart below shows the details above;

NONE 24.6 MAN AND CHILDREN 1.8 WOMAN AND CHILDREN 4.6 ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 13.4 GIRL CHILD 2.5 BOY CHILD 6.7 BOTH MAN AND WOMAN 13.8 MAN 15 WOMAN 17.6

Figure 4-10 Responsibility in terms of Rearing Livestock 4.5.5 Working for Outside Income The study reveals that there are some PAPs who leave their homes and work for outside incomes. Although the men are majorly involved here (44%), at least some women also move outside home to undertake other income generating activities (17%). The chart below shows HHs with outside work.

NONE 12.8 MAN AND CHILDREN 0.3 WOMAN AND CHILDREN 1 ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 2.4 GIRL CHILD 2.6 BOY CHILD 4.7 BOTH MAN AND WOMAN 16 MAN 43.5 WOMAN 16.7 0 10 20 30 40 50

Figure 4-11: Working for Outside Income

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 40

UNRA should make proper appointments for full participation during Information Verification Disclosure (IVD). 4.5.6 Attending Village Meetings Both men and women seem to attend community meetings in the project area. This has already been observed as both men and women, including girls and boys have been attending the consultations meetings. The chart below shows the responsibility in attending meetings.

NONE 0.9 MAN AND CHILDREN 0.2 WOMAN AND CHILDREN 0.6 ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 2 GIRL CHILD 1.4 BOY CHILD 3.3 BOTH MAN AND WOMAN 14 MAN 48.2 WOMAN 29.5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Figure 4-12: Responsibility in terms of Attending Village Meetings

4.5.7 Ownership of land and Property/Structure on the land Majority of property is owned by men (65%), which is normal, however UNRA should ensure that women are protected by encouraging joint sensitizations and follow up to ensure that women are involved in the compensation process. Because women can easily be left out on compensation since they don’t own property. But if they know what they are getting they can demand restoration of livelihoods from husbands. And for those where women and men jointly own property, UNRA will encourage opening up of joint bank accounts.

NONE 1 WOMAN AND CHILDREN 0.3 ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 2.4 GIRL CHILD 0.5 BOY CHILD 1.1 BOTH MAN AND WOMAN 7.9 MAN 65.1 WOMAN 21.6

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Figure 4-13 Owning Land and Property

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 41

4.5.8 Ownership of Livestock

The data shows that women (17%) can solely own livestock as much as men (36%). On top of that, a good percentage (14%) also shows that they are cases where animals are jointly owned in a home. During the resettlement process therefore, views of both men and women should be considered during sensitizations, IVD exercises and consideration of livestock activities when designing livelihood programs.

NONE 24.3 WOMAN AND CHILDREN 0.9 ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 3.9 GIRL CHILD 1.2 BOY CHILD 1.9 BOTH MAN AND WOMAN 14.1 MAN 36.3 WOMAN 17.4

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Figure 4-14 Responsibility in terms of Owning Livestock 4.5.9 Ownership of Durable Household Assets More than half of the men (53%) own durable household items in a home more than women (23%). This implies that women mostly have access but do not have control over resources. The UNRA safeguard should involve women on the resettlement process to ensure family stability.

NONE 0.51 MAN AND CHILDREN 0.1 WOMAN AND CHILDREN 1 ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 2.8 GIRL CHILD 0.9 BOY CHILD 1.5 BOTH MAN AND WOMAN 18.7 MAN 52.5 WOMAN 22

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Figure 4-15:Responsibility in Owning Durable Household Assets 4.5.10 Marketing Produce The data reveals that both women and men are involved in marketing of produce. This implies that there is support from each other during marketing and the displacement of markets will affect both genders. The people are involved in trading during the weekly markets of Buwalasi, Buyobu, Bugusege, Buweri, Mutufu and Salarila which mainly deal in produce. The daily market of

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 42

Budaidiri is also majorly occupied by women. The pre- IVD sensitization meetings should not be conducted on market days because participation may be limited. .

NONE 11 MAN AND CHILDREN 0.1 WOMAN AND CHILDREN 2.2 ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 2.9 GIRL CHILD 1.8 BOY CHILD 2.9 BOTH MAN AND WOMAN 19.9 MAN 31.5 WOMAN 27.8

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Figure 4-16 HH Responsibility of Marketing Produce

4.5.11 Using Financial Services and Buying Basic Necessities Despite the fact that women are more involved in farming activities, marketing produce, as much as men, when it comes to using financial resources, it is the men (40%) that take lead within the HH. The data shows that only 26% of women are able to use the finances from the different income sources. When it comes to buying basic necessities, men are highly responsible at 49% although women also participate at 26% and jointly at 17%.This implies that men are still controlling the way money is spent in a home. Engagements should target families that stand a risk of misusing the cash compensation through financial literacy, engaging women during the identification, verification and disclosure exercise, opening of joint accounts and physical resettlement. This is to mitigate husbands spending the compensation award on issues that do not benefit the entire family instead of replacement of the lost property.

NONE 0.6 MAN AND CHILDREN 0.4 WOMAN AND CHILDREN 0.5 ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 6.2 GIRL CHILD 1.2 BOY CHILD 2.3 BOTH MAN AND WOMAN 22.9 MAN 39.9 WOMAN 26.1 0 10 20 30 40 50

Figure 4-17: Responsibility for using Financial Resources

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 43

4.5.12 Buying Durable Household Assets Regarding buying durable Household assets, the census reveals that at least 22% of women are able to independently purchase durable assets including land as men. The resettlement program should involve suggestions of both men and women, encourage joint bank accounts for joint owners, physical resettlement for those that prefer. UNRA to sensitize PAPs on radios, through local leaders to mitigate fake land deals from those who target PAPs due for payment given that land is scarce in the area and rates are likely to raise.

NONE 0.7 MAN AND CHILDREN 0.3 WOMAN AND CHILDREN 0.8 ALL HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 1.5 GIRL CHILD 1.4 BOY CHILD 2.5 BOTH MAN AND WOMAN 15.2 MAN 55.2 WOMAN 22.4 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Figure 4-18: Responsibility in Buying HH Assets including Land

4.6 Type of Roof/Wall/Floor Although majority of the HH have iron sheets, they are still a few ten (10) PAPS with grass thatched houses, 367 PAPS have mud and poles houses where as 379 PAPS with plain mud houses in the ROW. All these facts present an indication of poverty. UNRA gives the 15% disturbance allowance on top of the compensation value to improve the current standard of living of the affected person. However extra effort will be taken by UNRA to identify such categories in the RoW, and provide additional support where possible.

4.7 Main use of the Property The results from the survey show that 80% of the respondents use their property for residential purposes among the residential occupants, while 20% have some commercial activities undertaken within the household. This implies that at household level, those that reside while undertaking commercial activities will be greatly impacted in terms income loss. The compensation given, which includes 15% disturbance allowance will ensure that PAPs restore their livelihoods including the commercial activities. Resettling near their current homes will ensure continuity of customers. More details of livelihood restoration and possible support are given in chapter 7 4.8 Ownership of Household Assets The majority of PAPs own mobile phones (95%), followed by radio (77%) among other channels of communication. These should be used by the project to facilitate mobilization and project updates. Table 18: Possession of Assets in the HH

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 44

MATTRESS 98 BED 95.7 RADIO 77.7 TV 35.5 MOBILE PHONE 92.4 BICYCLE 23.8 CAR 8.7 MOTORCYCLE 14.6

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

4.9 Land ownership status 4.9.1 Land Ownership The majority of PAPS (71%) are customary owners, the others are Bibanja holders at 21% and only 4% registered title ownership. The different land ownership status is shown in the charts below:

RegisteredOthersCo -owner Title Ownerspecify1% Kibanja 5% 2% holder 21%

Customary owner 71%

Figure 4-19: HH Land Ownership Status

Customary ownership means many may not have proper documentation; UNRA will work hand in hand with the district local leaders of Sironko, Mbale; including cultural leaders and area land committees to support PAPs to acquire proper documentation.

4.9.2 Category of HH who do not own land Out of 947 respondents interviewed, only 66 HH do not own land where they currently reside. These were mostly either caretakers of land for relatives and those on public or town council land of Buwalasi and Bugusege. The land owners will be adequately compensated to enable them acquire other land.

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 45

4.9.3 Evidence of Possession of Land ownership Documents The data shows that 70% of the HH possess evidence of ownership in form of purchase agreements; followed by customary (86%) and a few that have land titles(5%). The frequencies of land ownership documents are seen as below;

OTHERS 3.3

CUSTOMARY AGREEMENT 20.1

REGISTRATION RECEIPT 0.9

TENANCY 0.9

PURCHASE AGREEMENT 69.7

LAND TITLE 5.1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Figure 4-20: Type of evidence of Land ownership

UNRA will work with district officials and clan leaders of the area to support PAPs to get the required documentation. 4.9.4 Presence of Encumbrances on this land The data shows that almost all PAPS (94%) do not have encumbrance on their land. For the remaining one percentage who have encumbrances and those who do not know, UNRA should establish the exact incumbrance and advise the PAPs. In addition, UNRA will establish grievance management committees to support grievance management at local level. The traditional leaders including the “Omukuuka” (the King of the Bagisu and other political leaders will be part of the system to ensure that PAPs are given the necessary support. 4.10 Impacts on Assets 4.10.1 Facilities on land that are likely to be affected by the Project The data shows that the affected land is highly dominated by residential owner house at 30%, followed by empty land at 22% followed by latrines at 7%. The implication is that about 30% of the households may be physically affected. As observed earlier in order to avoid major social disruptions, the PAPs should be encouraged to settle near their current location as much as possible. The following table is illustrative.

Table 4-1: Facilities on Land that are likely to be impacted. Facilities on Land Frequency Percent of responses Empty land 484 22.0 Residential owner occupied house 658 30.0 Perimeter fence 50 2.3 Latrine//Bathroom 153 7.0 Family burial site / grave 78 3.6 Residential rental houses 51 2.3 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 46

Commercial buildings 55 2.5 Small production-based business 41 1.9 Small enterprise service-based 25 1.1 Wage earning activity 16 0.7 Salary-based livelihood 2 0.1 Own water point 13 0.6 Woodlot for timber 20 0.9 Livestock watering points 2 0.1 Grazing land/Farm/Cow shed 81 3.7 Shop 26 1.2 Kitchen 140 6.4 Poultry Shed 41 1.9 Store 41 1.9 Other 219 10.0 Total 2196 100.0

In addition, all these facilities were captured by the surveyors and will be compensated accordingly. 4.10.2 Extent of Road Impact The findings show that 93% of PAP have their facilities entirely affected; empty land is 65% and residential owner occupied 81% these are people who will be completely relocated. The other items affected are very key for family stability, UNRA to undertake massive sensitizations on financial literacy on replacement of property.

Table 4-2: Degree of Impact of all Facilities on affected Land Road Road entirely partially Facilities on land affect it affects it Total N % n % n % Empty land 317 65.4 168 34.6 485 100 Residential owner occupied house 533 81.1 124 18.9 657 100 Perimeter fence 44 86.3 7 13.7 51 100 Latrine/Bathroom 131 86.8 20 13.2 151 100 Family burial site / grave 68 86.1 11 13.9 79 100 Residential rental houses 47 92.2 4 7.8 51 100 Commercial buildings 44 86.3 7 13.7 51 100 Small production-based business 35 81.4 8 18.6 43 100 Small enterprise service-based 20 83.3 4 16.7 24 100 Wage earning activity 13 86.7 2 13.3 15 100 Salary-based livelihood 1 100.0 0 0.0 1 100 Own water point 13 92.9 1 7.1 14 100 Woodlot for timber 6 75.0 2 25.0 8 100 Natural forest 12 92.3 1 7.7 13 100 Livestock watering points 2 66.7 1 33.3 3 100 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 47

Grazing land/Farm/Cow shed 64 82.1 14 17.9 78 100 Shop 24 100.0 0 0.0 24 100 Kitchen 127 89.4 15 10.6 142 100 Poultry Shed 40 88.9 5 11.1 45 100 Store 36 90.0 4 10.0 40 100 Other 169 73.8 60 26.2 229 100 Total 1,746 79.2 458 20.8 2,204 100

4.11 Activities on land Around the House The data shows that the land around the HH is mainly used for agriculture at 42%, which informs the livelihood restoration programs. This also implies that people should be able to get land which can accommodate their agriculture activities. UNRA will support through sensitizations and

financial literacy. The following chart shows the activities.

41.8

30.2

12.2

10.8

2.3

2.1 0.7

Figure 4-21: Activities on land around the Households

4.11.1 Type of Animals Kept The PAPs in the project area mainly keep cattle 35%, goats at 25% and 30% for poultry. These are indicative of the activities that can be included in livelihood restoration programs. The chart below shows the type of animals kept in the HH

OTHERS… 0.6 RABBITS 1.3 POULTRY 29.5 DONKEY 0.3 PIGS 6.1 SHEEP 1.1 GOATS 25.9 CATTLE 35.3

0 10 20 30 40

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4.11.2 Types of Crops Grown It was revealed that the PAPS in the RoW are majorly involved in agricultural activities at 68%. The main crops grown include matooke represented at 40%, coffee at 25% followed by beans. The matooke are mainly exported to Kenya, South Sudan, and coffee to UAE while beans are consumed locally and in the nearby regions. Compared to other crops like coffee, matooke is grown throughout the season unlike coffee with one season. This further pushes people to concentrate more in banana crop because of the early harvesting and ready market. UNRA’s Livelihood activities should target such crops for enhancement of the affected PAPS.

Table 4-3: Type of Crops Grown by HHS Type of crop grown Frequency Percentage Beans 130 9.0 Cassava 52 3.6 Coffee 357 24.8 Eucalyptus trees 14 1.0 Fruits 76 5.3 Ground nuts 8 0.6 Maize 111 7.7 Matooke 569 39.6 Millet 1 0.1 Peas 4 0.3 Pine trees 1 0.1 Pumpkin 4 0.3 Sugarcane 23 1.6 Sweet potatoes 5 0.4 Vanilla 5 0.4 Vegetables 39 2.7 Yams 27 1.9 Other 12 0.8 Total 1,438 100

4.12 Household Economy 4.12.1 Household sources of Income The PAPs presented both primary and secondary sources of income. For both sources, subsistence agriculture is still high, followed by self-employment and salary employment. This implies that the livelihood restoration programs should target commercializing agriculture from subsistence and also create more employment amongst the affected PAPS and community at large. The table below shows the different sources of HH income

Table 4-4: Showing HH sources of Income Activity Primary Secondary Total N % N % N % Subsistence agriculture 393 71.5 157 28.5 550 100

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 49

Commercial agriculture 77 81.1 18 18.9 95 100 Fish farming 1 100.0 0 0.0 1 100 Self-employment 130 53.3 114 46.7 244 100 Wage-based activity 76 64.4 42 35.6 118 100 Salary employment 79 63.2 46 36.8 125 100 Rental 45 46.9 51 53.1 96 100 Interest, 1 100.0 0 0.0 1 100 Dividend 1 50.0 1 50.0 2 100 Assistance/begging 50 53.2 44 46.8 94 100 Eating places 11 44.0 14 56.0 25 100 Mechanic 7 87.5 1 12.5 8 100 Carpentry 9 64.3 5 35.7 14 100 Retail shop Kiosk 27 51.9 25 48.1 52 100 Own salary 1 50.0 1 50.0 2 100 Husband/Wife’s 3 50.0 3 50.0 6 100 Transfer income 16 64.0 9 36.0 25 100 Other 55 53.9 47 46.1 102 100 Total 982 62.9 578 37.1 1,560 100

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4.12.2 House Hold Expenditure. PAPs spend more on food, school fees and health. UNRA will sensitize on proper usage of compensation to avoid using the compensation on consumable commodities.

Table 4-5: Household Expenditure Items Item Frequency Mean Monthly Expenditure Food 808 280,061 School fees 609 762,661 Scholastic material 193 181,108 Health 645 121,904 Telephone 207 57,537 Water 70 49,397 Fuel 61 98,975 Toiletry 84 28,606 House rent 4 325,750 Electricity 141 52,421 Transport 121 131,366 Alcohol 8 71,250 Other 73 193,258

4.12.3 Family Members that Move out of the Home for various Reasons The Households have members who leave and come back for different reasons but they would consider them as permanent members. The data reveals 36% are for employment, 34% studying and others for personal reasons. The chart below shows different reasons for leaving home.

Other (specify)_____ 18.5

Employment obligations 36

Sick 1.2

Farming in the village 2.2

Migrant Worker 8.4

Studying 33.7

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

4.12.4 Household Members and various Sources of income Given that agriculture is the major source of income, in the project area, cropping, poultry and livestock are all done at subsistence level. The small scale is attributed to the small parcels of land that families own. Every piece of land is maximized. The common crops grown include; bananas, greens, tomatoes. The PAPS should be encouraged to practice modern farming; UNRA would partner with NARO a key stakeholder in the area and CSOS like CDC Mutufu, Buyobu that support farming activities in families to promote modern agriculture for the livelihood programs. However all HH members should consulted on the preferred options. UNRA to ensure PAPs Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 51 replace the lost affected land through resettlement support and monitoring to ensure such activities continue. The table below shows that the different sources of income

Table 4-6: HH members and their various sources of Income Percent of Frequency HH Source of Income Responses Subsistence agriculture (crop and livestock, poultry) 344 32.5 Commercial agriculture (crop and livestock, poultry) 38 3.6 Fish farming 1 0.1 Self-employment 188 17.7 Wage-based activities 98 9.3 Salary employment 132 12.5 Rental 59 5.6 Dividend 3 0.3 Assistance/begging/remittance 28 2.6 Eating places 24 2.3 Mechanic 9 0.9 Carpentry 12 1.1 Retail shop Kiosk 36 3.4 Husband/Wife’s salary 6 0.6 Pension/handouts) 12 1.1 Other 70 6.6 Total 1060 100.0

4.12.5 Reasons why Some HH Members Do not Work The reasons for not working are mainly lack of employment opportunity (38%). Considering the fact that the population is mainly youthful this group can be considered for work during construction. The chart below shows reasons why some HH members do not work Chart 33: Reasons why Household members are not working (cross tabulate this chart with age)

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 52

Other (Specify)__ Prefer not to work Terminated/retrenched Sick/incapacitated Retired Too old to work Lack of employment opportunity Too young to work

0 10 20 30 40 50

4.12.6 Access to Credit Findings show that at least 31% received credit in the past 12months and received it mainly for other reasons at 52%; followed by starting businesses at 39%. Findings are shown below:

Others (specify)…

Buy land

to pay / service another loan

Marry

Build a house

Start a business

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

This implies PAPS are currently financing business and other loans. There is a danger of using compensation money to finance loans. This will may lead families to more impoverishment. UNRA will stress asset replacement instead of repaying loans during financial literacy training. 4.12.7 Source of Loan in HHs The PAPS are majorly involved in some formal way of borrowing at least 48 % borrow from both Microfinance Institutions and Banks although even those that borrow from VSLA and SACCO are also rated at 42%. This implies many PAPS still have ongoing loans at 68%. The community sensitization meetings revealed that people access loans from banks as far as Kapchorwa, Mbale of which they incur a high transport rate. The project area has only one credit facility i.e. Women Savings Association in Buyobu. The sources of loans are mainly formal institutions, including banks 30% and microfinance institutions (18%). UNRA can easily work with these institutions to settle the loans with compensations. The chart below shows the sources of loans in a HH.

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 53

Others (specify)…

From social network

Money lenders

Bank

VSLAs

Microfinance Institution

SACCO

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Figure 4-22: Sources of Loans in HH 4.12.8 Meals taken by Household Out of the 947 HH, 8 PAPs (0.8%) have one a meal, 2(0.2%) sometimes go without a meal whereas 3 PAPS (0.3%) leave on handouts. Whereas the majority PAPs access food from the market and home grown, the above three categories present signs of vulnerability. UNRA will identify and assess these PAPS further; for possible support. 4.13 Communal resources in Project area The data shows that only 19% HH have access to communal resources. Playground and markets are seen as more important at 90% and 54% respectively. The project affects five roadside markets with some few makeshift structures for Mutufu market and a few permanent shops in Buwalasi. The affected land will be compensated, but local leaders have been engaged to find replacement land so that markets can continue. The RAP team has been assured that new land will be identified because markets are a big source of revenue to the Local Governments.

4.14 Property of Cultural and Religious Significance The data shows that 61% of HH have access to religious and cultural traditional sites in their area these being mainly churches and mosques. These sites were assessed and compensation will follow the agreed procedure from the district and with further consultations with the religious-cultural leaders. Further analysis will be in the impact chapter to assess the degree of impact and the physical-cultural resource especially describing the process of relocation for the one identified cultural site 4.15 Nature-Based livelihoods Findings show that 48% have access to nature-based resources of which these are majorly water resources. Further analysis will be made in the impact chapter. 4.16 Main water source More than 80% of the households have access to safe water sources as shown below in the table.

Table 4-7: Main Source of water Water source Frequency Percentage Communal borehole 82 8.7 Household connection 13 1.4 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 54

Private yard tap 169 17.9 Privately owned boreholes 5 0.5 Protected Spring/well 297 31.4 Public hand pump 37 3.9 Public stand post 179 18.9 Rain-harvesting 9 1.0 Un-protected spring 24 2.5 Unprotected Well/Pond, river, lake, swamp 73 4.0 Vendor 3 0.3 Other 56 5.9 Total 947 100 Accessibility to water is also high (as 78%) have it within 1km. this is not a surprise since the water is mainly tap water. The main purpose of water in HH is domestic use at 82%, followed by livestock at 16%. The project will take care not to cut off water pipes during construction where pipes or water sources are affected, care will be taken to relocate them. 4.17 Human waste Disposal Facility The data shows that 86% own personal latrines. Further, 10% have shared latrines; if such families are affected, issues of compensation will be agreed upon between the affected households. The findings are shown in the chart below.

85.6

3.3 10 0.5 0.6

Flush toilet Personal pit Shared pit Dig a hole and Other (Specify) latrine latrine bury

Figure 4-23: Presence of Human waste Disposal facility

4.18 Household Garbage Disposal Half of the PAPS (52%), use their garbage shambas as manure. This is so because they are involved in farming. Others burn it at home (31%). The following chart shows the findings.

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OTHERS (SPECIFY) 4.1 USE OPEN SPACE GAZETTED BY THE 0.4 (TOWN) AUTHORITY USE OPEN SPACE COMMONLY USED 0.1 BY COMMUNITY DUMP IT ON GARBAGE SKIP 12.3 SIMPLY DUMP THEM (SHAMBA, 52.3 ROADSIDE) BURN IT AT HOME 30.8

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

The PAPs will need to get land, which can accommodate such activities. UNRA will compensated the PAPs adequately so that they can continue with their normal lives.

4.19 Sources of Energy for the Household The data shows that HHs in the RoW mainly uses firewood (786/1235) and charcoal for cooking (383), kerosene, solar and electricity for lighting and only 3% electricity for production. The PAPs will be encouraged to relocate to places where they can access present energy use.

Table 4-8: Sources of Energy in HHs

Source of Energy Cooking Lighting Production N N n Biogas 9 4 1 Charcoal 383 1 0 Electricity 39 269 3 Firewood 768 3 1 Kerosene 18 325 0 Processed gas 8 0 0 Solar 9 318 0 Other 1 22 0 .

4.20 Health The most common diseases suffered by HHs in the Row are Malaria presented by 77% HHs followed by cough at 12%. The following are the findings:

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731 800 600 400 113 88 200 9 1 1 4 0 Series1

Figure 4-24: Common Diseases in HHs

UNRA should ensure that the Contractor restores any trenches and borrow pits used during to mitigate issues of stagnant water for breeding mosquitoes. For cough, suppression of dust and wet crushing should be prioritized to avoid worsening the problem in the community. The chart below shows the common diseases in the area. 4.20.1 Available Health Services for treating Common illness The people of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu mainly seek medical treatment from health center IV in Budadiri town, health center 111s at sub county level and town councils while a few go to private clinics. All these health facilities are very accessible within a distance of 3kms less than 5kms as recommended by ministry of Health. Further still, a good number of HH (62%) say the services offered in the facilities are good. This implies that the people have strong attachment to their facilities and proud of their services.

Table 4-9: showing Health Services treating Common illness Health Facility Frequency Percentage Clinic 124 13.1 Health Centre IV 423 44.7 Health center II 70 7.4 Health center III 230 24.3 Hospital 62 6.6 Referral Hospital 18 1.9 Self-medication 9 1.0 Traditional Health Practitioner 8 0.8 VHTs 1 0.1 Other 2 0.2 Total 947 100

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4.21 Transport The most common type of transport used by HH and community at large are bodabods (75%). This shows that affecting bodaboda stages would antagonize the transport system. The road construction should consider re-establishing bodaboda stages. The bodabodas are also complemented with a few taxis, therefore parking lanes for taxis or bus stops would be required especially in locations near the weekly markets to offload and load passengers. The chart below shows the means of transport used in the area.

OTHERS… 0.7 WALKING 9.4 TAXI 10.7 PERSONAL CAR 3.2 BUS 0.2 BODA BODA 75 BICYCLE 0.8

0 20 40 60 80

Figure 4-25 showing means of transport in the Project Area

Although PAPs use motorcycles as a means of transport, it’s only a few who actually own them. The frequency shows us that it only 162HH owning bicycles, 134 owning motorcycles, 80 cars but majority (618) do not own any of the above.

4.22 Organization/Person HHs feel at ease to talk to. Statistics reveal that 67% have access to an organization or persona they feel at ease to talk to. Of these 55% have one person while 8.5% have three and above. The resettlement should be in the vicinity to maintain their social networks. The good thing these are mainly relatives (49%), they can still communicate. The following chart shows the results.

OTHER SPECIFY…… 2.6 YOUTH GROUP 0.6 WOMEN’S GROUP 0.7 VILLAGE SAVING AND LOANS … 5.8 FARMERS’ GROUP 0.6 AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION 0.1 SPIRITUAL PEOPLE 5.4 PROFESSIONAL STAFF 1.9 FRIENDS 33.6 RELATIVES 48.8

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Figure 4-26 shows the Kind of Personnel’s HH easily relate to

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4.23 Availability of Social Support The kind of support received include mainly financial support (33%) and psychosocial support (28%). The chart below shows the support mechanisms

PHYSCO-SOCIAL SUPPORT 27.8

SPIRITUAL 7.8

PRACTICAL / MATERIAL 14.1

FINANCIAL 32.7

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Such networks should not be lost. The PAPs will be encouraged to settle near their present locations. 4.24 Compensation and resettlement 4.24.1 The Preferred Compensation The data shows that 98 % prefer cash compensation. The 2% PAPS who prefer physical resettlement are to be assessed further for resettlement where as the ones to receive cash should be sensitized on financial literacy to ensure efficient replacement of property

OTHER (SPECIFY) 0.1

RESTORATION OF THE 0.1 SOURCES OF LIVELIHOOD ON … PHYSICAL REPLACEMENT OF 1.5 LAND ELSEWHERE… CASH COMPENSATION AT FULL 98.3 REPLACEMENT COST FOR…

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Figure 4-27 showing the kind of Compensation would you prefer

4.24.2 Problems Anticipated in acquiring another piece of land PAPs gave their major worries about the project. The highest number of 318/1055 was concerned about the changes in market value of land of equal productive use; 22% are not sure they will find land in the vicinity and 16% fear fraudsters. The valuers have this in mind and have prepared adequate packages valued at market value. Therefore, PAPs will be able to replace their land within the vicinity. The PAP will be adequately compensated and the 15% disturbance allowance given caters for any eventuality.

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4.24.3 Technical Assistance Needed to Restore Property (list) Amongst the PAPs interviewed, 19% of the respondents need technical assistance. UNRA will assess all comments to guide the designing of the different support programs. Further to that UNRA, will also provide physical resettlement, livelihood restoration and financial literacy 4.24.4 Anticipated problems for acquiring new business locations At least 37% anticipate facing problems in acquiring another location to conduct your business. The top most problem anticipated is loss of customers and just like above finding a place within the vicinity where one can make the current returns is another concern. UNRA will continue to give the right information and counsel PAPs especially during disclosure. 4.24.5 Fears about Compensation and Resettlement Although PAPs are aware that they will be compensated for the lost property, they have some fears about which need to be addressed. The major ones are: inadequate compensation by 174/339 PAPS, loss of property without compensation and delayed compensation at 25/339, PAPs. UNRA is aware that the compensation will be adequate since current market values are used. The fears are shown below.

Table 4-10 showing fears beginning with the worst fears about Compensation and Resettlement. Frequenc Rank Rank Rank Rank Rank Rank y 1 2 3 4 5 6 Inadequate compensation 174 59 12 6 0 251 Loss of property without compensation 67 41 15 5 0 128 Displacement before compensation 20 27 27 1 2 77 Delayed compensation 25 37 19 15 3 99 Loss of compensation to fraudster or thieves 12 7 2 2 0 23 Short eviction notice 5 12 3 3 0 23 Loss of current sources of livelihood 4 5 0 2 0 11 Disruption of access to social services 0 4 1 0 0 5 Uneconomical residual land 0 1 1 0 0 2 Logistics involved in resettlement 1 2 0 0 0 3 Finding land of equal locational advantage 9 3 4 1 1 18 Restoration of livelihoods in the new area 7 3 0 2 0 12 Availability of social facilities 1 1 2 0 0 4 Pollution due to construction works 0 1 1 1 0 3 Restricted access during construction 1 0 1 0 0 2 Failure to restore the existing access roads 0 0 0 1 0 1 Other 13 5 1 1 0 20 Total 339 208 89 40 6 682

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UNRA will continue to sensitize the PAPs through radio talk shows and other media to appreciate the compensation process. The local government leaders and the office of RDC in both districts pledged their support in the continued information disclosure. 4.25 Participation, Consultation, and Stakeholder Identification Statistics show that 66% attended the meetings, and majority (92%) were satisfied with the given information. This implies that the sensitizations were adequate enough however for the few who were not satisfied (8%) and those that did not attend the meetings will get the necessary clarifications from the ongoing radio programs, frequent field visits, station office Mbale and the GMCs. 4.25.1 Willingness to participate in activities associated with Project Activities Only 67% HHs were willing to participate in the project activities. UNRA will continue to engage and sensitise for full participation.

4.26 HIV and AIDS An engagement held with an in charge of Budadiri HCIV which runs an ART Clinic indicate that the levels of HIV in the project area are high even above national average. The positive message is that 98% of HHs knows the modes of transmission. These ones are aware that unprotected sex is the common mode with 891 responses, followed by contact with infected blood with 629responses among others. Further still, 99% of respondents are aware of the methods to control HIV/AIDS. They mentioned HAVING protected sex (90%), abstinence (72%) and being faithful (59%) (ABC).This means the Nominated service provider UNRA contracts will not meet a green field but community with some knowledge. Massive sensitizations, testing and condom distribution should be put on the project workers who will mingle with the community.

Figure 4-28 showing Knowledge on the modes of HIV/AIDS transmission

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4.27 Common Social Problems in the Community For all the households interviewed in the RoW, at least each one was aware about the common social problems in the area of which theft and robbery at 61% is major, followed by alcoholism at 50%,drug abuse at 17% and gender-based violence at 11%. The following table is illustrative.

Table 4-11: Common Social Problems Frequency Percent of responses Gender based violence 108 6.7 Alcoholism 472 29.1 Drug abuse 157 9.7 Commercial sex 8 0.5 Defilement 26 1.6 Rape 19 1.2 Child labour 46 2.8 Child trafficking 3 0.2 Witch craft 34 2.1 Theft and robbery 575 35.5 Others 48 3.0 None 124 7.7 Total 1620 100.0

UNRA will continue sensitization through the Nominated Service Providers to sensitise against HIV and AIDS, gender and child care issues.

4.28 Banking Information

The statistics show that majority of HHs (70%) in the RoW do not have bank accounts. Observations show that indeed there is no commercial bank is seen along the entire road. Those with bank accounts have to go to Mbale or Kapchorwa of which transport costs are high. UNRA will engage with commercial banks in Mbale to bring services on ground at an appropriate time. They will also be engaged to provide moderate fees, whoever, will have a good offer will get the customers. PAPs will be sensitized on the importance of opening up bank accounts and where they can open them.

4.29 Ownership and Access to Communication items The majority of PAPs have access to mobile phones (909), radio (518) TV (268) as channels of communication as shown in the chart below:

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 62

OTHER… 0.8

RADIO 28.9

INTERNET/SOCIAL MEDIA 2.1

NEWSPAPER 2.6

FIXED LAND LINE 0

MOBILE PHONE 50.7

TV 14.9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

These will be used to further mobilise communities for compensation activities and during project implementation. 4.30 Documents to identify PAPs For a PAP to qualify for compensation a pre and the disclosure exercise is conducted where the PAPs are required to present documents for them to be able to be compensated, UNRA recognizes three kinds of identifications which include; a valid National ID, Passport and Driving permit. The chart below shows the findings.

OTHER (SPECIFY) 1.6 DRIVING PERMIT 1.8 VOTER ID 4.5 VILLAGE ID 1.9 PASSPORT 1.2 NATIONAL ID 89.1

0 20 40 60 80 100

Figure 4-29 showing Identification Document to be used during Compensation

Findings show that the majority (96%) own at least the National ID. UNRA will assist the HHs heads who do not possess the authorized documents. 4.31 Business Tenement Tool The business tool was administered to people who are operating different businesses in the RoW of the project. The following are the findings. 4.31.1 Sex of Respondent The data in the business tool shows that 64% of the respondents were males as opposed to 36% females. This a clear indication that both men and women are involved in businesses in the project

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 63 area, although men are more. The project should ensure equal sensitization and livelihood restoration activities for both women and men. 4.31.2 Age of Respondent Most of the respondents carrying out business in the Right of Way range between 28- 49 years of age (54%) as shown in the chart, this is a peak working age in the human life cycle with energetic people. Therefore, the project should ensure that financial literacy sessions majorly cover the youths that are involved in business to ensure successful restoration process. The following chart shows the age of the business people. Chart: Age, categorize the range in years.

29.1 25.4 30 19.9 14.1 20 11.2

10 0.3 Series1 0 Below 18-27 28-38 39-49 50-60 Above 18 60

4.31.3 Ownership Status. The data collected reveals that 1008 tenants will be greatly affected by the road. This category involves people paying rent for operating business only, do business and stay or rent the house as residential only. As the chart below shows: Chart 2: Showing ownership status.

24% Landlord/non user Landlord/user 13% 63% Tenant only

All the three categories will be affected in terms of relocating their businesses and house property to new locations after UNRA has compensated the Landlord. The social safeguard for UNRA will ensure that it provides the tenants with information about the progress of the project to safeguard landlords taking advantage of them. The mitigation is to sensitize landlords about the UNRA

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 64 policy of giving tenants a three months grace. The information about the progress of the project will enable them prepare early for relocation The landlords should also be given compensation information early enough in order to prepare their tenants and also cite land for replacement of the commercial buildings. Since land is too scarce especially in the trading centers, Landlords may need to book land somewhere else in advance. 4.31.4 Use of the Business Premises Data shows that the main use of the affected properties in the right of way is mainly commercial (65%), that explains the many renters in the corridor. This implies a degree of economic displacement which will be addressed by adequate compensation and a three months grace period for the residents after the Landlord has been compensated. Chart 3: showing the use of the business premise.

RESIDENTIAL RENTAL PURPOSES ONLY 9.3

RENTAL INCOMES ONLY 25.5

COMMERCIAL PURPOSES 58.3

COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL 6.9 PURPOSES

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

4.31.5 Business with stay-at-home people The data shows that 88% of the business people stay with their family, with an average family size of less than 8 members, of these 68 % of the respondents are involved in income generating activities. This implies that business owners should be targeted for project sensitizations since they have support of family to run the business in their absentia or be represented for project activities. Scheduling of meetings in business centers should also target less busy hours of early afternoon. Chart 4: Number of people that stay in the family.

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30 24.6 21.5 18.9 20.6 20 10.5 10 4 Series1 0 ONE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE SIX AND ABOVE

4.31.6 Business Registration Along the project corridor, 95% of businesses are individually owned, informal and without registration documents as indicated by the 89% respondents. Those who tried never completed the process, yet others are not even aware of the process. The unregistered informal businesses will be compensated for the affected structures while the 11% registered PAPS, with audited books of accounts may be compensated for income loss. The registered businesses should be remitting government taxes and with proper records. These will be supported on information needed on the required documents. 4.31.7 Business structure Most of the businesses on the affected area are individual owned in nature (87%) implying that owners have total flexibility of running and relocating to a new place which would be simpler because a few people are involved in consultations and decision making. The findings are shown in the chart below. Chart 6: Showing Business structure/type of Ownership.

OTHER (SPECIFY) 0.1

LIMITED COMPANY 0.7

INDIVIDUAL BUSINESS 87.1

FAMILY BUSINESS 8.7

0 20 40 60 80 100

4.31.8 Business characteristics Data indicates that there are different types of businesses operating in the right of way that are going to be affected. Mostly in retail shops (213/1190), hotel /eating places with fewer people involved in garage and car wash. Most of the businesses are informal with regular wages. For the

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 66 removable businesses, relocation fee will be catered for, however for permanent immovable businesses the structures and relocation support will be considered. Table 7: Showing type of Business in the Project Area

What does your business do Frequency Retail shop 213 Industry 1 Whole sale Shop 34 House rentals 26 Hotel /Eating place/Restaurants 138 Petrol Station 2 Bar 29 School 4 Private Health Facility 10 Repair workshop (Electronics) 23 Garage for Cars 1 Garage for Motorcycles, bicycles 22 Agriculture produce selling 97 Car bonded yards 1 Stationery shops 13 Charcoal stalls 31 Dobi 1 Butchery 20 Tailors 41 Cobbler (shoe shiners) 5 Carpentry 12 Video libraries 7 Video halls (Kibanda) 13 Welding 2 Drug shop/Clinic 24 Office space 9 Saloon 52 Boutique 46 Mobile Money 52 Boda boda stage 8 Road side Vendors (Food Items) 45 Road side Vendors (Non Food Items) 8 Bricklayers 3 Washing Bay/Parking 2 Super market 2 Lodge 2 Others, 191 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 67

Total 1190

4.31.9 Business Functionality On average, the people in business earn 3,000,000/= per month an implication that they are middle income earners. The project has to ensure that the business people remain with their status quo, the project shouldn’t make them become destitute. Such businesses should be restored to ensure continuity. Since agricultural produce is highly sold in weekly markets, UNRA through the radio sensitization program will encourage community about the continuity of markets.

Table 8: Average Income from the Business.

What does your business do Amount-Daily Amount-Weekly Amount-Monthly Agriculture prod Mean 672,865 3,372,727 6,198,182 Bar Mean 235,400 365,000 2,500,000 Boda boda stage Mean 236,667 . . Boutique Mean 512,025 612,500 375,000 Bricklayers Mean . . 3,000,000 Butchery Mean 854,737 . . Carpentry Mean 440,000 1,300,000 1,260,000 Charcoal stalls Mean 156,731 263,000 . Cobbler (shoe shine) Mean 48,750 130,000 . Drug shop/Clinic Mean 175,455 800,000 600,000 Garage for Cars Mean 107,500 . . Garage for Motor Mean 221,458 . . Hotel /Eating pl Mean 113,258 95,571 345,000 House rentals Mean 440,000 200,000 606,048 Industry Mean . 15,000,000 . Lodge

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Mean 90,000 . . Mobile Money Mean 978,438 3,000 1,678,947 Office space Mean 150,000 900,000 7,366,667 Petrol Station Mean 5,250,000 . . Private Health F Mean 281,429 140,000 . Repair workshop Mean 316,316 1,000,000 100,000 Retail shop Mean 334,181 1,868,750 350,000 Road side Vendor Mean 89,698 40,000 . Road side Vendor Mean 105,000 . 100,000 Saloon Mean 58,298 331,667 550,000 School Mean 15,000 . 5,000,000 Stationery shops Mean 109,091 500,000 . Super market Mean 1,000,000 . . Tailors Mean 121,839 275,000 1,740,000 Video halls (Kib Mean 135,000 200,000 100,000 Video libraries Mean 45,833 . 300,000 Washing Bay/Park N 2 - - Mean 89,000 . . Welding Mean 600,000 3,000,000 . Whole sale Shop Mean 1,407,333 3,749,000 3,000,000 Others Mean 403,286 1,342,857 25,800,000

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4.31.10 Source of Customers Most of the customers that support the business community in the right of way come from the neighborhood and nearby villages as shown below. Further still temporary accesses and pedestrian walkways will be provided for shops to enable access to businesses. The chart below illustrates where the customers come from Chart Showing where the customers come from.

38.9 33.5

24.5

3.1

From the From the nearby Passerby Others neighborhood villages

UNRA will encourage PAPs to remain within the vicinity to enable continuity of business. 4.31.11 Operational Period of the Business Most of the businesses have existed for less than 5years (41%), an implication that their businesses had picked momentum at operations. There are also businesses that have been in existence for 10 years and over, such businesses may be greatly affected if no proper mitigation is put in place. The assumption is that their long stay in such places may be linked to the businesses performing well in such places. UNRA will provide support to PAPs in form of counselling so that they can relocate in appropriate areas. Chart 10: Operational period of the business

21 YEARS AND ABOVE 4.9

11 TO 20 YEARS 16.2

5 TO 10 YEARS 37.5

LESS THAN 5 YEARS 41.4

0 10 20 30 40 50

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4.31.12 Performance of the business The data reveals that 95% of the businesses are doing well implying that the change of business location may affect the functionality of the business. The affected commercial entities will be adequately compensated to ensure proper relocation. 4.31.13 Amount paid for rent Most people pay less than 100,000shs per, the challenge is for them to find cheap rentals in the same area. If they are given the three-month rental free. They will be able to resettle themselves. Chart 12. Rental dues.

1% 21% Less than 10,000 39% 10,000 to 50,000 15% 50,001 to 100,000 100,001 to 200,000

24% 200,001 and above

4.31.14 Rental Duration Data shows that most of the respondents pay rent for more than 13 months in advance. By the time the project is implemented, the rental period will be over. The chart below shows the time duration in which the tenants pay rent.

Chart 13: Shows Duration for Rental Dues.

OTHER (SPECIFY) 4.4

PAY ONE YEAR IN ADVANCE 52.3

PAY SIX MONTHS IN ADVANCE 3.3

PAY THREE MONTHS IN ADVANCE 2.1

PAY MONTHLY 38

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

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Whatever is being done cannot be done in less than a year, therefore tenants will be able to complete their rental period and find other places. With the information disclosed during the resettlement planning, the tenants can plan accordingly. The landlords are covered by the 15% for the period they may not have tenants due to the project. 4.31.15 Potential Impacts on Business and Residence Majority of the people with businesses are physically affected (72%) followed by partial displacement. The chart below shows the potential impacts on the affected businesses in the Right of Way.

Chart 14: Shows Potential Impacts on Business and Resilience.

Others … 1.1

Physically displaced-Partially 12.3

Physically destroyed-100% 72

Loss of physical access to business 1.4

Loss of customers 10.7

Loss of access to necessary services 0.3

High rental costs at new location 2.3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 All these PAPs will be encouraged to replace their businesses through financial literacy training.

4.32 Vacant Land/Incomplete Buildings This tool focused on describing the characteristics of the affected vacant land with incomplete structures 4.32.1 Land ownership Most of the respondents are customary land owners (31%), followed by the Bibanja (26%.) Those on customary land require customary certificates as evidence of ownership of ownership. The land was acquired inheritance (35%) and 47% inherited it. UNRA will work hand in hand with the district local leaders of Sironko, Mbale, cultural leaders and area land committees at sub county level to support PAPs acquire the necessary documentation for disclosure in the land acquisition processes. The different land ownership status is shown in the charts below.

Chart 1: Showing Land ownership Status

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OTHERS (SPECIFY 28.1

TENANT (KIBANJA) 24.5

OWNER 9.9

LICENSEE TENANT 6.4

CUSTOMARY OWNER 30.6

CO-OWNER 0.1

AGRICULTURAL SQUATTER 0.3

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

4.32.2 Evidence of Documents The data presented shows that 58% of the respondents have evidence of ownership which simplifies the land acquisition process. However even PAPs without evidence of ownership is still a big number (43%). This requires that UNRA supports the affected people in processing customary certificates from the districts. This can be done through engaging the district officials to ease the process. 4.32.3 Kind of Documents Possessed Data reveals that 77% of the people owning vacant land in the project area have purchase agreements and 8% have land titles as proof of property ownership. The chart below illustrates the kind of documents the people on the affected areas on vacant land have.

Chart 4: Showing the Documents Possessed.

OTHERS… 3.6 LICENSEE AGREEMENT 1.5 LETTER OF ADMINISTRATION/ WILL 7.2 REGISTRATION RECEIPT 1.5 TENANCY AGREEMENT 3 PURCHASE AGREEMENT 75.4 LAND TITLE 8

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

As indicated above, UNRA will assist where possible the PAPs to get the necessary documentation for compensation. 4.32.4 Reasons for Not Having Documents of Ownership They are several reasons why PAPS do not possess land documents. These include inherited land at,58%,others have personal reasons while some do not consider it important. Those without documentations need to be supported by the project sociologist to ensure they get documentations to process their compensation award.

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 73

The chart below shows the different reasons for not having land documentations. Chart 5: Reasons for not having documents of ownership.

OTHER (SPECIFY)..... 29.5

DO NOT CONSIDER IT IMPORTANT … 12.8

THE CERTIFICATE OF … 0.6

LACK OF MONEY TO PROCESS THE … 0.3

INHERITED THE LAND BUT DON'T … 56.7

I PAID BUT THE LAND OWNER IS … 0.3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

4.32.5 Period of Ownership Regarding the period of ownership, half of the PAPs have owned the land for over 20 years. This is quite a long time. The PAPs will be counselled to accept the relocation process. Chart 6: Showing Period of ownership.

SINCE BIRTH. 4.7

OVER 20 YEARS 49.6

10-20 YEARS 21

0-10 YEARS 24.7

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

4.32.6 Land encumbrances The data shows that 60 % of the respondents have no encumbrances and all documentations available. This implies that it will be easier to acquire land without encumbrances. The chart below shows the kind of encumbrances.

Chart 7: Showing the encumbrances on the land.

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 74

OTHER (SPECIFY………...) 0.9

NONE 5.4

I DON’T KNOW 0.7

NO, ALL DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE. 58.3

YES, CLAIM BY FAMILY 0.4 MEMBERS/MORTGAGE/LOAN

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Those with encumbrances will be supported by UNRA and local leaders, including the traditional leaders (“Omukuuka” the King of the Bugisu). UNRA will in turn establish Grievance Management Committees at local level to handle such cases. 4.32.7 Incomplete structure The respondents gave various reasons why their structures in the Row are not complete. Most of them mentioned that they failed to get money for completion (62%), while others were stopped by UNRA during the first data capture in the year 2013. The chart below shows the reasons for incompleteness of the structure. Chart 8: Showing Reasons for Incompleteness of the structure.

OTHERS (SPECIFY)… 11.2

STOPPED BY UNRA 28.6

LAND IS NOT FUTURE PROOFED FOR 0.6 ENCUMBRANCES

WRANGLES OVER THE LAND 1.2

FAILED TO RAISE MORE MONEY 58.4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

The structures have been valued according to their state and appropriate compensation will be given. The 15% disturbance will cater for those who stopped because of project information. 4.32.8 Land use The majority of the affected vacant land (64%) is used for agricultural purposes. The chart below shows the current uses of the affected vacant land.

Chart 9: Land use

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OTHERS (SPECIFY)...... 7.2

RENTAL PURPOSES? 2.1

TEMPORARY BUSINESS 2.2

LIVESTOCK REARING 0.7

AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES 60.2

NOTHING ON THE LAND. 27.6

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

The data presented show that the major crops grown on the vacant places of land is matooke (45%). The PAPs will be adequately compensated an s when they replace their land, they will be able to continue with the agricultural activities.

Table 10: Showing Crops grown on the land. What crops are grown on this Frequency Percentage land Beans 31 3.3 Cassava 100 10.5 Coffee 192 20.2 Eucalyptus trees 40 4.2 Fruits 24 2.5 Ground nuts 2 0.2 Maize 35 3.7 Matooke 426 44.7 Millet 1 0.1 Pine trees 3 0.3 Sugarcane 12 1.3 Sweet potatoes 18 1.9 Vanilla 2 0.2 Vegetables 17 1.8 Yams 14 1.5 Other 36 3.8 Total 953 100 The crops that are cultivated on the affected land will all be paid according to the updated district rates, and displaced land will be adequately compensated for replacement. 4.32.9 Yield per season (in 100kg sack) As discussed above, the most grown crop along the project area is matooke on vacant land. The statistics show us that 397PAPS averagely yield 40bags of 100kgs of matooke per season. This is followed by coffee with 182yielding an average of 81bags of 100kgs of coffee. The table below is illustrative:

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Table 11: Showing yield per season

Yield per season (in 100kg sack) N mean

Beans 31 27

Cassava 95 71

Coffee 182 81

Eucalyptus trees 22 131

Fruits 23 12

Ground nuts 2 3

Maize 34 47

Matooke 397 40

Millet 1 100

Other 23 132

Pine trees 1 1

Sugarcane 12 73

Sweet potatoes 18 118

Vanilla 2 3

Vegetables 17 73

Yams 14 12

Total 874 58 This still implies that in terms of livelihood restoration and improvement, matooke and coffee plantations should take precedence. 4.32.10Amount Consumed per season The statistics show that matooke with 359 PAPs have an average consumption of 4472 and they surpass everything else. This is followed by coffee with a very huge difference. This means that as bananas are grown for home consumption and sale, coffee’s home consumption is very low, it being a cash crop; it’s grown mainly for sale. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 77

Table 12: Showing Amount Consumed per season

Amount Consumed per season N Mean Beans 25 24.0 Cassava 75 30.3 Coffee 6 103.2 Eucalyptus trees 2 62.5 Fruits 21 2.4 Ground nuts 2 1.0 Maize 27 26.9 Matooke 359 4472.0 Millet 1 100.0 Pine trees 0 . Sugarcane 11 28.8 Sweet potatoes 17 54.8 Vanilla 1 1.0 Vegetables 8 2.3 Yams 13 2.7 Other 8 35.6 Total 576 2797.8

4.32.11Amount sold per season Whereas bananas are the highly grown crops, its cost per sack on average is lower than that of coffee. The bananas have an average mean cost of 83,078shs per sack compared to coffee at UGX 463,769. This means that the price of coffee still remains high as a cash crop whereas bananas are a bit low given the high production and less market especially during the off-peak seasons. Computations for replacement of banana and coffee plantations should consider the current market price not only the value of the affected plant

Table 13: Showing Cost per sack

Cost per sack mean Amount

Beans 27 235,982

Cassava 83 93,930

Coffee 182 463,769

Eucalyptus trees 22 266,909

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Fruits 22 134,182

Ground nuts 2 200,000

Maize 26 125,131

Matooke 345 83,078

Millet - .

Pine trees 1 150,000

Sugarcane 8 62,875

Sweet potatoes 14 93,571

Vanilla 2 2,625,000

Vegetables 16 214,063

Yams 9 116,667

Other 20 110,000

Total 779 197,177

4.32.12Preferred Compensation Method Almost all (99%) of respondents prefer cash compensation method; this was revealed from the data that 99% of the respondents prefer cash compensation. The chart below shows the kind of compensation the project affected persons prefer. Chart 15: Showing Compensation Method.

OTHER (SPECIFY). 0.4

RESTORATION OF THE SOURCES OF 0.1 LIVELIHOOD.

PHYSICAL REPLACEMENT OF LAND 0.7 ELSEWHERE

CASH COMPENSATION AT FULL 98.8 REPLACEMENT.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

The reasons for this were brought up in the qualitative data where it was elaborated that they need to make their own choices and plan for themselves. There are few cases that the data reveals of 1%, that prefer physical replacement. UNRA will identify these for further analysis and support. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 79

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5.0 POTENTIAL PROJECT IMPACTS 5.1 Introduction The project component likely to have a direct impact on people and livelihoods is the acquisition of the ROW. The acquisition of land for the ROW will result in both physical displacement (relocation or loss of shelter) and economic displacement (loss of assets or access to assets that leads to loss of income sources or other means of livelihood). Generally, the project passes through mainly rural-peri urban settings with a sparse linear settlement along Budadiri-Nalugugu road and a densely populated stretch of Namagumba-Budadiri, especially around the rural growth centers and towns. Some impacts are quantified while others may not be quantified.

One of the specific objectives OS2 to avoid involuntary resettlement where feasible, or minimize resettlement impacts where involuntary resettlement is deemed unavoidable after all alternative project designs have been explored. In line with this requirement, the RAP and design teams carried out a joint assessment of the road corridor and made effort to minimize and in some cases avoid the likely impacts that the project would cause to the PAPs and surrounding communities. This chapter presents the potential project impacts, efforts taken to minimize impacts thus far, and other mitigations to be considered during project implementation.

5.2 Minimization of Impacts In implementing the mitigation hierarchy highlighted under OS2, and the LARMS, UNRA has made several design changes as highlighted table 5-1 below;

Table 5-1: Areas where Designs changed to Minimise Impact along with the Road Project Item Concern Justification Location Design action taken 01. Point of access(turn) To improve Safety of Km00- -Widened to spread the from the Sironko - road users Namagumba connection point off Sironko Kapchorwa Trading Highway to Namagumba- Highway to Centre Budadiri Namagumba at -Put traffic control measures KM00 too narrow adopted

02. Road affecting a Compound essential Health Centre -Minimized impact, Engaged, wider part of the for sensitizations, 111 at and gave options for utilizing the Health center Immunizations, and Buwalasi road reserve compound yet there other health communal is no space for activities expansion 03. Mobile Markets Safety of the road Buwalasi, -Engage leaders for possible operating on the users and mitigation of Bugusege, relocation of markets to roadside needed accidents Buweri, designated market areas away parking bays Budadiri, from the road Mutufu, -Parking lanes provided for in the Salalila design in main centers 04. The Elgon Technical Avoid project cutting Elgon -Road realignment and management through their land Technical optimization of the ROW to suggested a Institute avoid and minimize project diversion from the impact. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 81

existing road towards the border of their land 05. Coffee Factory -Saves Budadiri girls Few metres to -The previously affected coffee perimeter wall along school which is ahead Budadiri town factory walls are now avoided Namagumba on the of a bigger impact. and the road re-aligned to the RHS to Budadiri to -The gradient is sloppy lower side of Fukang Herbal be saved which works would Care-LHS to Budadiri still heavily affect the herbal center during construction works 06. Impact on Budadiri- The facility would be Budadiri town -RoW in town is now reduced to Health Centre wholly affected with 20meters the 30m ROW

Source: Reconnaissance report Concerns for the minimization of the impacts were generated from the stakeholder engagements and community sensitizations.

5.3 PAPs According to the valuation data, approximately 2,886 PAPs will lose property and assets to the project. Of 2,886 property owners, 2,312 are landowners while 574 PAPs are Licenses. The Socio- economic census reveals that 947 Households are located within the right of way and they will be affected by the road project. Recognizing that land is inelastic in the area, the project will lead to significant displacement of people from their indigenous homes and communities. This also contributes to a number of associated impacts like loss social ties, adaptation challenges in host communities among others. This RAP has provided for adequate, fair and prompt payment for all PAPs losing property and livelihoods. A comprehensive livelihood restoration plan has also been prepared to support quick restoration of livelihoods. The RAP has also identified several differentiated measures to support PAPs that were identified as vulnerable. 5.4 Land-take According to cadastral data, a total of 164.355 acres including severance and 162.967 acres excluding severance is affected by the project. The table provides a summary of the amount of land affected that is affected by the project.

Table 5-2 Land take for the project Section Total Total Total Existing New Alignment - New Alignment Affected Severance Affected carriageway Including -Excluding Acreage - (Acres) Acreage - & access Existing Existing Including Excluding Roads Land carriageway & carriageway & Severence Severence take (Acres) access roads access roads (Acres) (Acres) (Acres) (Acres)

LHS 77.527 0.6487 76.878 75.990 232.774 156.784 RHS 80.501 0.5951 79.906 BYPASS 6.327 0.1448 6.182 1.471 7.653 6.182 TOTAL 164.355 1.389 162.967 77.461 240.427 162.967 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 82

Some of the affected lands are for agriculture, built-up land, government land, severed, undeveloped, and land with residential plots. In a community where land is highly fragmented, the loss of land might result into seasonal migration to look for alternative farmland or permanent relocation from indigenous land. It may also lead to hunger and malnutrition arising from lack of enough agricultural land; income loss, as many PAPs depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. As a mitigation measure, all the affected Land has been measured and assessed at the current market value. A statutory disturbance allowance has also been applied, and there will be a commitment to sensitize PAPs about effective use of money prior to and after disbursement of compensation entitlements. 5.5 Impact on Assets and Structures The project affects a total number of 2452 structures of which 515 are commercial structures (both permanent and temporary), 896 are residential (permanent and temporary) and 499 are auxiliary structures.

Table 5-3: Impact on Assets and Structures Structures Category Affected Number (Commercial) Permanent Commercial structures 537 Semi-permanent Commercial structures Temporary immovable Commercial structures 261 Movable commercial structures 204 Incomplete Commercial Buildings 46 Business structures (immovable) Petrol Station 4 Structures Permanent Residential House 278 (Residential) Permanent Residential Outbuilding 54 Semi-Permanent Residential House 430 Semi-Permanent Residential Outbuilding 16 Temporary Residential Houses Incomplete Residential structures 118 Auxiliary Structures Kitchens 156 Toilet Facilities/Pit Latrine 124 Septic Tank 15 Fences 84 Other Facilities (to be specified) Incomplete Auxiliary Structures 3 Washrooms 77 Urinals 1 Permanent water tanks Water 1 Racks and Granaries Poultry Shelters 38 TOTAL 2452 Source: Valuation report The RAP has assessed all the affected property and they will be promptly and adequately compensated before commencement of civil works

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5.6 Impact on business and Income. A total number of 1038 businesses are affected by the road project. On average such businesses earn approximately three million per month. At the household level, the affected livelihoods are; rental accommodation business, commercial agriculture majorly banana and coffee growing and other related businesses which are going to be affected by the project. A detailed livelihood restoration plan has been prepared under chapter 7of this RAP to provide mitigations towards quick re-establishment and enhancement of affected livelihoods, including general complementary initiatives to further facilitate the recovery process.

5.7 Public Facilities The project will affect approximately 39 public facilities. These include schools, health facilities affected in RoW as shown in the table below

Table 5-4 Public facilities along the RoW Type of Facility No. Affected Schools (Complete relocation) 1 Schools (Partial Relocation) 1 Churches, Mosques & Shrines (Complete Relocation) ALL 3 Churches, Mosques & Shrines (Partial Relocation) 4 Public Health facilities (Partial relocation) 2 Private Health facilities (Complete relocatio 1 Administrative Units/Office (Partial Relocation) 2 Water Taps 23 Community Boreholes 2

5.8 Impact on Graves The project road affects a total number of 346 graves according to the valuation report that will need to be relocated. The affected graves either belong to households or institutions. The graves are terrazzo, ceramic tile, cemented, and earth graves. The RAP Team will work with the cultural and religious leaders to ensure that a culturally appropriate procedure of exhuming and relocating the dead is established and implemented. UNRA will adequately pay for the relocation process, including costs for performance of necessary cultural or religious rituals.

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Figure 5-1: Unearthing the cultural process of grave relocation process in the project area 5.9 Social Networks The settlement pattern in the project area is linear and largely based on family strata. It is not uncommon to find an entire village comprising of PAPs of the same family or clan. This means that the level of togetherness is high and the presence of family support will be key in the implementation of the RAP. Baseline socio-economic data revealed that 67% of affected HHs have access to an organization or a person they feel at ease to talk to, and the displacement of either party may affect the social organization of PAPs, and also complicate the resettlement process due to breakdown of family and social ties. However, the RAP team will continue to support them through counseling and encourage them to relocate within the vicinity where they can still access their friends and family.

5.10 Impact on Cultural and Religious Heritage The RAP identified churches, mosques and shrines as some of the recognized religious heritage in the project area. Socio-economic baseline data shows that 61% of HH have access to religious and cultural traditional sites in their area. The project will cause total displacement of 3churches 3mosques, a shrine, and cultural site. As mitigation, these sites were assessed and compensation and relocation will follow the agreed procedure and further consultations with the religious-cultural leaders. 5.11 Impact on Communal Fixed Assets including the Weekly Markets The proposed road project affects areas with communal fixed assets mainly the playground and markets. The districts of Sironko and Mbale tender five roadside markets with a few makeshift structures for Mutufu market and a few permanent shops in Buwalasi. Other markets are found in Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 85

Bugusege, Buyobu, and Salarira. The markets are operated on sub-county land and they mainly deal in fresh produce. The road partially displaces their area of operation and this will have significant implications on their sales and business returns. At construction stage, the traders might still not have proper access to these markets because of diversions and interruptions of the construction works. The community playgrounds are only partially affected and enough space would still be available for any communal activities. These are mainly in Buwalasi, Budadiri, and Mutufu. As mitigation, further detailed engagement will be done with sub-county leaders on the allocation and relocation of new market sites. As a livelihood enhance initiative, UNRA in consultation with the traders and local authorities will construct some basic market stall and public sanitary facilities to improve the operation conditions of the PAPs.

5.12 Displacement of Boda-boda stages The most common type of transport used in the project areas boda-boda (75%) and the displacement of boda-boda stages might antagonize the transport system. The boda-boda stages are established with temporary structures which are used as waiting areas for clients, shelter from the sun and rain, and a meeting office for the operators. All boda-boda shelters that are affected by the project shall compensated for.

5.13 Common Social Problems in the Community The project community already has quite several social problems which might be intensified by the road project if not keenly mitigated. The issues are majorly theft and robbery at 61%, followed by alcoholism at 50%, drug abuse at 17%, and gender-based violence at 11%. If not properly guided and supported, PAPs may end up misusing their compensation in such activities. Financial literacy will be conducted by UNRA ensure responsible spending of compensation packages. The RAP team will also work with the local security structures like the police to ensure PAPs are not endangered during the project life. The setting up of GMCs will also help in handling some grievances at community level.

5.14 Vulnerability Findings of the baseline socio-economic survey revealed that approximately 345HHs had at least one or more members with vulnerability conditions. Upon detailed assessment, the RAP identified that only 45 households had vulnerability conditions that were directly associated with the household heads. Many of these vulnerability cases ranged from old age, chronic illnesses, isolated cases of drunkenness and families with absentee husbands. In line with the UNRA’s Land Acquisition and Resettlement Management System (LARMS) specialized measures have been established to support vulnerable Households, particularly where the heads of households were found vulnerable. This RAP has established differentiated measures such as mobility support, assistance with opening up bank accounts, vocational skills training for children of vulnerable HH heads, Agro-inputs and physical resettlement for the categories that are unable to utilize cash compensation to reinstate their property and livelihoods.

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5.15 Severance Impacts This occurs where the direct impact of the land take or project activities results in an indirect impact on an otherwise unaffected piece of land or asset. Likely situations include: • The remainder of a plot is too small for viable use • A plot is split into two parts by the RoW, with both remaining parts being too small to be viable or usable, • Only one structure within a homestead is affected, while other structures within the same family homestead are not affected but are not usable anymore, • One or two graves are affected on a family graveyard and the remaining part is not usable anymore • Lost income due to restricted access to business premises during construction. According to cadastral survey data, the road project has a total affected land in acreage as 164.335 acres of which 1.389 acres is severed land. These cases will be considered and addressed on a case-by-case basis for potential compensation depending on the extent of the extra.

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Community consultation and information disclosure

6.0 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION 6.1 Introduction As the importance of involvement of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) and the public in key decisions and actions of projects continues to be highlighted, stakeholder consultation and community participation are increasingly becoming embedded in all processes and phases of project development. It establishes partnerships and also shapes decisions that enable successful implementation of projects/programs. It is also an environment and social risk management tool and a crucial aspect of any sustainable development agenda.

In the broader development perspective, Stakeholder Engagement is an overlapping and continuous process of communication between the project and its stakeholders aimed at creating mutually beneficial partnerships that last the life-cycle of the project. The term “stakeholder” at least in the context of project development has been defined as “any and all individuals, groups, organizations, institutions interested in, and potentially affected by the project, or having ability

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 88 to influence a project” (G.Reddy, E.Smyth &MSteyn, 2015). Stakeholders are usually very diverse, and the identification and categorization will largely depend on the nature, size, location and strategic importance of the project.

OS2 of the Bank provides that where displacement cannot be avoided, the borrower or client must consult in a meaningful way with all stakeholders, particularly the people affected and the host communities, and involve them at all stages of the project cycle in a clear and transparent manner—in designing, planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating the Resettlement Action Plan. Community participation helps to ensure that compensation measures, development programmes and service provisions reflect the needs and priorities of the people affected and their hosts.

Thus far, stakeholder consultations for Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu have been undertaken at National, district, community and individual PAP level. Project stakeholders, PAPs and host communities have been involved throughout the designing and development of the RAP, and their priorities and choices have been taken care of, as presented in this chapter. 6.2 Objectives of stakeholder consultation and community participation. The major objectives of the stakeholder engagement process were to: a) Disseminate project information and meaningfully consult with the project affected people and stakeholders. b) Enlist project buy-in from the affected people so that they can actively participate during the survey and compensation processes. c) Enlist the support of both the political and technical leaders to participate and support the RAP development process. d) Provide insights into the views and concerns of the key stakeholders and identify key issues that need to be taken on board in the process of RAP development to ensure proper compensation and resettlement. e) Identify vulnerable groups in the project area that may need extra support during resettlement. f) Manage potential conflicts at the community level and minimize the risk of possible project delays. Through the engagements, UNRA would be in position to address some of the stakeholder concerns as they arise. 6.3 Approach to stakeholder consultation and community Participation A Four-level approach was employed by the team to conduct meaningful stakeholder consultations and engagements and these included; District consultations: These were conducted in the two districts that are going to be affected by the project i.e. Mbale & Sironko. The officials that were consulted during the exercise included among others; the chief administrative officers, the district LCV chairmen, RDC’s, engineers, environment officers, Labor officers, education officers, and the community development officers.

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Sub-county consultations: The road project traverses 8 sub-counties that are going to be affected i.e; Namayonyi in Mbale district and 7 sub-counties in Sironko that is; Buwalasi, Buwasa, Buyobo, Butandiga, Bukise, Buhungu, and Busulani sub-county. The sub-county consultations were conducted with the sub-county chiefs, community development officers, the sub-county councilors, various technical staff as well the mayors and town clerks for the respective town councils along the project area i.e; Buweri, Budadiri, and Mutuufu. Community-level engagements: The various communities along the proposed Right of Way were the main category for these engagements. These included among others the various households, public and private institutions, and the business owners likely to be affected by the project. The clan leaders were also engaged about the various project-related aspects. The various communities were clustered together according to proximity and engaged together. Key informant interviews and focus group discussions with key populations along the project area were also conducted at the community level and these included; the women, the men, Boda- Boda operators, stone crushers, farmers, clan & cultural leaders, the police, and Budaddiri Health center iv. National-Level consultations: These consultations targeted the various NGOs/ CSO’s whose operations in the project area will be affected by the proposed project. These included among others; Mbale Area Federation of Communities (MAFOC) which has its operations in 3 sub-counties i.e.; Buwalasi, Buyobo, & Buwasa, and two town councils of Bugusege and Budadiri along the project area, Mothers at Risk and Child Development Center with operations in Makuyo, Buyobo & Mutuufu. The Area members of Parliament (MPs) were also consulted during the high-level engagement, for disclosure of the project information as well as get their views, concerns, and recommendations for incorporation in the RAP processes for the success of the project. The area MP’s that were consulted included the; MP for Budadiri East, Sironko district woman MP, and the woman member of parliament for Mbale city. 6.4 Stakeholder consultation and sensitization content A detailed stakeholder consultation structure was development to guide meaningful communication and interaction with stakeholders at the various levels. a. Project information b. The sequence of activities. These included among others;  Engagements at different levels  Establishing of the Right of Way  Data capture of the affected property  Socio-economic survey  Vulnerability Assessment c. Potential project impacts d. Valuation and Compensation procedure.  Considerations and entitlements during compensation  Compensation options and assistance during relocation  Potential compensation barriers and delays  Eligibility and cut-off date  Required documentation for verifications and compensation  Vigilance regarding imposters and fraudsters during project implementation e. Grievance redress mechanism

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d. Questions and answer session (Herein the various concerns from the stakeholders were given and the UNRA team gave the responses accordingly). 6.5 Grievance Redress Mechanism Initial consultations and engagement also provided information of the UNRA’s grievance redress mechanism that includes formation of community grievance management committees (GMCs) to handle the project-related concerns and complaints. These committees will be formed at the village level and will be operational for the entire project cycle to ensure that all the project-related grievances are handled accordingly. It was however emphasized that the service of these GMCs will entirely be voluntary and the members will be voted by the community under the guidance of the RAP team transparently and openly. 6.6 Local Content During the engagements, it was reiterated that project implementation will take adhere to the statutory requirements of Local content where the contractor has to ensure that a part of the available job opportunities are given to the local people within the project area, who satisfy the different job qualifications and requirements. 6.7 Project Vulnerable Persons During the engagements, it was communicated that UNRA will develop differentiated measures to support PAPs who, unlike others are more likely to be adversely affected by the project. These will include among others; the widows, the orphans, the chronically ill, the physically impaired, the child-headed households, and the drunkards. Such categories will be carefully mapped out with the support of the local leaders and assessed by the UNRA to ensure that the they are not left worse off as a result of the project. 6.8 Gender-Based-Violence and violence Against Children Labour Influx associated with infrastructure projects such as roads, when not well managed can have serious negative consequences on PAPs, and project communities; GBV/VAC is one of the most consistent occurrences. Most often, the new labour force in the project have got consistent disposable income which attracts both men and women and when not controlled, can lead to family GBV and eventual family breakdown. Therefore, awareness creation, sensitization and self- discipline of communities were highlighted as some of the prevention measures; workers will also be sensitized, and they will sign an ethical code of conduct to guide on the acceptable behavior. 6.9 Perceived project impacts During consultations, stakeholders highlighted several likely project impacts such as; Positive

 Cheap and easy means of movement.  The social services will be brought near the people i.e. the schools and the hospitals.  Employment opportunities will be created for the local people.  The cost of the land will gain value and the people will sell their land at good prices.  The markets along the road will boom and better prices for the produce as people will come from various places to these markets.

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 Businesses in the area will boom as there will be many people buying the goods due to the population influx.  There will be a reduction of dust.  Through compensation, people’s standards of living will be improved.

Negative

 There will be a loss of income to the people in the transport sector as the transport will be cheap.  Inadequate compensation for resettlement.  People's land is going to be reduced to give way to the project.  The jobs provided by the contractor will not be enough as the people will be many for them.  Domestic violence will be high as the contract workers will confuse the married women in the project area. This in the long run will lead to disruption and family breakups.  There will be an increase in the spread of HIV and STI’s due to the influx of many people during the project works and an increase of school dropouts in search of jobs.  There will be a high rate of school dropouts as children will be looking for jobs.  There will be an increase in accidents due to speeding vehicles as the drivers are not used to smooth roads.  Dust during the construction works.  Cracking of the buildings near the road.  Land wrangles as people will be after the compensation money.  High prices of land due to its scarcity during relocation.

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Table 6-1 Stakeholder engagement schedule

MBALE DISTRICT Date District Sub-county/ Officials/villages consulted, Engaged Venue for meetings Time Town councils 20th/10/2020 Mbale Mbale CAO, DCDO, Environmental officer, District Headquarters 10:00 am District planner, Chairman LC.V, Senior Finance Officer, Vice Chairman LC.V. 22nd/10/2020 Namayonyi Aisa Teko lower, Aisa Teko upper, UTC Lubembe primary 12:00 pm Mbale S/C Elgon) school 22nd/ 10/2020 Mbale Namayonyi Namagumba A, Namagumba B,Kifafa Namagumba meeting 02:00pm S/C lower point 22nd/10/2020 Mbale Namayonyi Namayonyi S/C staff Namayonyi S/C 10:00 am S/C headquarters 23rd/10/2020 Mbale Namayonyi Uganda Technical College, Elgon staff UTC Principals office 2:00 pm S/C ( Principal, deputy principal, Finance officer, Estates officer, Human Resource officer) 3rd/03/2021 Mbale Namayonyi Stone quarrying group Kifafa lower, stone 12:00 pm S/C quarrying site SIRONKO DISTRICT 19th/10/2020 Sironko Sironko T/C LC.V, CAO, Lands officer, District planner, District headquarters 11:00am DCDO, Environment officer, Senior finance officer, DHO, District Engineer, Statistician, S.Lands officer, Accountant, Inspector of schools, Speaker. 20th/10/2020 Sironko Budadiri Town Budadiri Town council staff Budadiri T/C offices 9:00am council 20th/ 10/2020 Sironko Buweri T/C Buweri T/C Staff Buweri T/C offices 12:00pm 21st/10/2020 Sironko Sironko T/C RDC,GISO, D.RDC, OC CID Sironko RDC headquarters 12:00 pm 21st/10/2020 Sironko Budadiri T/C Kalawa, Bumatofu, Nakidowa Faith Nursery 2:00 pm &primary school 21st/10/2020 Sironko Budadiri T/C Nakiwonde Nakiwonde village 10:00 am 22nd/10/2020 Sironko Bukise S/C Nalugugu Miracle life church 12:00 pm 22nd/10/2020 Sironko Bukise S/C Salalira Salalira church of 9:00 am Uganda 23rd/10/2020 Sironko Buyobo S/C Mayiyi A&B, Bumanyara A&B, Mayiyi revival church 2:00 pm Bunamboozo A 23rd/10/2020 Sironko Buhungu S/C Buhungu S/C staff Buhungu S/C offices 11:00am

23rd/10/2020 Sironko Buwalasi S/C Buwalasi s/c community Buwalasi S/C 12:30 pm engagement(Pato, Bugwangi lower& headquarters upper, Bumudu A, Nagudi, Nadome, Kadodoyi, Buwira, Mukuusi, Maguma 23rd/10/2020 Sironko Buwalasi S/C Buwalasi S/C staff Buwalasi S/C 9:00 am headquarters 23rd/10/2020 Sironko Buyobo S/C Buyobo S/C staff Buyobo S/C 11:00 am headquarters

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24th/10/2020 Sironko Bugusege T/C Bugusege T/C staff Buguzu secondary 12:00 pm school 24th/ 10/2020 Sironko Buweri T/C Buweri ward A, Buweri ward B, Buyi, Buweri T/C offices 2:00pm Kishuli 24th/10/2020 Sironko Buyobo S/C Bumayamba, Bulambuli, Bulomolo, Buwadika meeting 11:00 am Bumusi A&B, Nabisagasa, Masheke, places Nabbiga, Buwadika 3rd/ 02/2021 Sironko Buyobo S/C FGD with the Men group Nabulalo village 12:00pm 24th/02/2021 Sironko Buwalasi S/C FGD with the boda-boda cyclists Nadome village 11:00 am 25th/02/2021 Sironko Buwalasi S/C Engagement with the market vendors Buwalasi market 12:00 pm 3rd/02/2021 Sironko Buweri T/C FGD with mixed group Buweri T/C 11:00am 3rd/02/2021 Sironko Bukise S/C FGD with farmers Salarira market 02:00pm 27th/02/2021 Mbale Mbale City Engagement with MAFCOC (Mbale Area MAFCOC Oficces 10.00am Federation of communities) 1st/03/2021 Sironko Bukise S/C Engagement with Mutufu Child St. Andrews church 10:00am Development Centre 1st/03/2021 Sironko Bukise S/C Engagement with Mothers at Risk Buyama village 2:00 pm 2nd/03/2021 Sironko Buyobo S/C Engagement with Buyobo Child Buyobo CDC 11:00am Development Centre 13th/04/2021 Mbale Mbale city High-level engagement with the Area Wash& Wills Hotel 09:00 am MP’s and officials (Mbale woman MP, Budadiri East MP, Sironko woman MP, RDC Sironko, Mbale Vice-chairman, Sironko LCV, GISO Mbale, EX-Officials, Area CSO’s, Town clerk Budadiri T/C, Mayor Budadiri T/C

Buweri Village community engagement Namagumba lower community engagement

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National-level engagement at Mbale 6.10 Key Stakeholder Issues and Concerns Stakeholder engagements and consultations provided an opportunity for the stakeholders to be informed about the proposed project, the project objectives, and the anticipated social-economic; negative and positive effects. It also provided an avenue for the stakeholders to present their concerns, issues, and recommendations for the project. Responses to the various concerns and issues that the stakeholders had regarding the project were provided during the engagements. Meaningful stakeholder engagements and consultations were carried out with the identified stakeholders throughout the entire road length.

Table 6-2Key outcomes of the stakeholder engagements DESCRIPTION OF THE ISSUES/ RESPONSES TO ISSUES/CONCERNS BY THE UNRA CONCERNS TEAM 19th/10/2020 Sironko District Engagement What is the timeframe of the project The proposed project time frame is 3 years. This is the duration for most of the UNRA projects. However, there are times when the project time is delayed because of unforeseen circumstances. Which rates will be used during valuation It is the district to ensure that their rates are updated. For cases where the because currently they are not updated rates are not updated, then UNRA goes for the updated rates of the neighboring districts. We however urge the district to expedite the process of updating their rates so that the people are convinced that the right rates were used. (The district promised to work on this process very fast) There was a communication that the Yes, a By-Pass was created and the project will not be going through project is going to pass through Budadiri Budadiri town council. However, it will still be tarmacked. A bypass was town council but you are now created to avoid the total displacement that the proposed project was going communicating that a by-pass is going to to cause. be created This place is prone to floods and UNRA and the contractor will use their experts in this field to ensure that landslides, won't these destruct the such occurrences do not disrupt the road works. Proper mechanisms will proposed road works be put in place. Will, there be considerations for the Yes, these will be considered. UNRA will further engage the district to be additional links rightly guided about the links that should be considered for the project.

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UNRA should ensure that some of the Yes, UNRA appreciates the presence of such technical staff and will technical staff at the district like the endeavor to see that they are actively involved during project engineers are involved in such processes implementation. and not stop at engaging them UNRA should extend one of the road links All these requests will be forwarded to the design team and feedback to up to Masaba S.S this effect will be given to the stakeholders. The cultural sites along the project UNRA highly respects the cultural heritage of the people. However, in shouldn’t be destructed by the works. For instances where such sites cannot be avoided due to the design, Proper instance, there is a cultural site in Buweri arrangement is made to rightly relocate such sites. All the costs involved town council which is very active during are covered by UNRA. the circumcision season There are several markets along the In instances where there is already available land, then these markets will proposed project area, and they are a be relocated with the help of the local leaders. However, the contractor in source of income for many people. What his policy also has a CSR component, from which people can benefit. The plan does UNRA have for such people people's request through the sub-county can be made to the district and good permanent markets are constructed for them. ( However one of the officials affirmed that there is already available space for some of these markets but people are adamant to move). The district advised UNRA that since a big percentage of people in the project area have customary land, then they will issue customary certificates as guiding documents during the compensation exercise. The process will be done at the various sub-counties so that people don’t incur transport costs to come and get these certificates. However, these certificates will be given at a small fee of ug. Shs. 20,000. The HIV rates in the district are high and UNRA will ensure that there are continuous sensitizations throughout the thus UNRA should sensitize the project cycle. There is also an NSP (Nominated Service Provider) communities during the project works component where an approved NGO is dedicated to providing services which include among others; sensitizations, provision of condoms, as well as free HIV counseling and testing to the communities. The chairman LC.V urged UNRA to work UNRA appreciates the technical staff and through the contractor, they will with the district CDO’s and the technical be actively engaged during the project works for its success. staff such as the district engineer, the natural resource officer, and the physical planner during the project cycle 20th/10/2020 Mbale District Engagement UNRA should ensure that the road going This request was forwarded to the design team and communication was through Budadiri town council is also made that the road going through Budadiri town council will also be tarmacked and not leave it as marram tarmacked. A bypass was made to avoid the great destruction that was going to be caused by the proposed design. The links to Budadiri S.S and Masaba S.S These proposals will be communicated to the design team and feedback should also be constructed. The road will be given to the stakeholders. towards Mt. Elgon should also be tarmacked as this will boost tourism. This connection is about 6km. The bridge broke down and thus access is not possible For Namagumba trading center, the The project route is always guided by a design. However, this concern will development should be extended to the be communicated back to the design team. right-hand side because there are a few developments. At least one side should be avoided

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Namagumba in Namayonyi sub-county UNRA will have to ensure that an appropriate place is got for such people has a big percentage of people that are so that their livelihood is not affected. This will be done under the involved in stone quarrying and these are component of livelihood restoration where such groups of people are also near the proposed road project. How looked at. are these people going to be helped The flowing water on both sides should be The contractor together with the responsible teams will have to ensure that well managed as the communities block before the works commence, proper drainage channels are constructed for the movement of this water and it ends up the smooth running of water to avoid flooding during the project works. flooding the roads UNRA should avoid Uganda Technical This request will be forwarded to the design team and communication will College completely and they should be given to the relevant stakeholders. consider going through the lower side of the college since its vacant. Parking lanes should be considered for the This is going to be a classic road design and so all those considerations are trading centers embedded. The project area has many coffee farms This request will also be communicated to the design team. which include among others; Bugusege, Bugiyanya, and Bulago stock farms. The connections to these farms are very bad and yet these are a very big revenue base for the district.UNRA should consider tarmacking these roads. UNRA should always involve the local UNRA will endeavor through the contractor that the local government government officials during officials are involved through the different phases of the project. implementation and don’t stop at engagement UNRA should also involve the women The contractor in the contract has what is called local content where he is during the construction works supposed to provide job opportunities to the local people. In instances where the women qualify, then they are given the jobs. There is no discrimination when it comes to available job opportunities. Continuous sensitization should be Yes, these vices are expected whenever there is development in an area. considered by UNRA to avoid vices that UNRA always organizes sensitizations throughout the project cycle where come with the high influx of people which people are sensitized about such negative impacts that might be brought include among others; teenage about due to the high influx of people in an area. UNRA will also work pregnancies, increased high HIV rates, with the relevant district authorities during these engagements so that the family breakdowns to mention but a few message rightly reaches the stakeholders. The relevant technical staff like the These will be involved by the UNRA team. UNRA always does the environmental officers should be engaged compliance assessments during the project works and so these officials during the project works. These can advise will be engaged and utilized to ensure that the contractor complies with on some key issues like the proper the environmental safeguards. restoration of borrow pits and proper use of dumpsites UNRA should ensure that the trees are This is now a full component in UNRA i.e. GROW; Green Right of Way planted along with the trees as an where trees are planted along all UNRA projects. This will also be done environmental measure as well as for the proposed Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu project. beautification Labor especially the local labor should Yes, the contractor is advised to always consider local labor during the come from the communities project works. This is also embedded in his contract and UNRA always follows up to ensure that this is implemented.

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21st/10/2020 RDC Sironko District Land ownership along the project area is UNRA will consult and work with the CAO and the district to ensure that predominantly customary and so UNRA genuine documentation is availed for the various affected persons. should write to CAO to define the mechanism of ascertaining ownership. All issues should be considerate of gender At UNRA we take gender issues seriously, we shall involve both men and issues towards compensation. women in the compensation process. In areas where there is conflict, then the UNRA team with the support of the area local leaders will find ways

of solving such issues. The road extension works should go up to This issue will be forwarded to the project design team for consideration. the kiguli bridge as this connects to other places in the region. UNRA should embrace using the radio Continuous sensitization is key to this process in terms of disclosure. We talk shows to sensitize the communities on shall use all means possible including the radios to disseminate the compensation process and overall information to the project affected persons. UNRA appreciates the RDC’s project progress. The RDC committed that offer of the radio airtime and it will be well utilized. she can share his airtime on the various radio stations which include among others; Elgon FM and BCU radio. UNRA should be careful when engaging UNRA always ensures that for all the community engagements the area's the communities, especially on local chairpersons are present. These are also used during the valuation compensation and falsification. The area and survey exercise to deal with issues of impersonation when it comes to local leaders should be used to avoid the affected property. impersonation claims

22nd/ 10/2020 Aisa Teko Community Engagement: Villages: Aisa Teko lower, Aisa Teko upper, UTC Elgon

Most of the people in Asia Teko are Based on the guidelines of the solicitor general, common sands and stones engaged in stone quarrying which is near are considered and thus assessed as land. However, people with mining the road and will be affected by the project, permits will be assessed on a case-by-case basis and compensated what is the way forward for such people accordingly. Some people’s land was already surveyed The land will be assessed accordingly i.e. the customary land will be with deed plans. What should they do assessed as customary and the titled land will be assessed as titled.

Are there cases where the valuation The valuation process is very fair and the people are compensated process is unfair and people under- following the affected property. There is no partiality in the valuation compensated process and the rates for valuation are not got from UNRA but the respective districts. These rates are further verified by the Chief Government Valuer before the compensation is paid. On top of the valuation money, UNRA also offers disturbance allowance to the PAPs. This is either 15% or 30% depending on when the people are required to relocate after compensation. If the people are to move in a period of above 6 months, a disturbance allowance of 15% is offered but if they have to urgently move in 3 months and below after compensation, then a disturbance allowance of 30% is paid.

Some houses can be far from the pegs, are The houses that are far from the pegs are not compensated. Compensation they also compensated is done for the property that is between the two pegs of the road extends. However, if during the project works, the nearby houses get cracks due to the heavy moving machines, then such houses will be valued and compensated too.

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What happens to the buildings that get After ascertaining by the project engineers that the cracks were developed cracked during the construction due to the project works, such buildings will be compensated for accordingly. Such impacts are what we call injurious affections. Some income will be lost for instance the Yes, the avocadoes will be compensated with the guidance of the seasonal crops like Avocado. How will respective district compensation rates. Important to note too is that the people be compensated for such annual crops like sugarcane and coffee are also compensated. However, the seasonal crops like maize, beans, groundnuts, to mention but a few are not compensated for. The owners are given time to harvest their crops. What happens when the project divides the Provided the sections lie between the two pegs of the project extent, then land into two different portions where one they are eligible for compensation. section is on one side and another on the other side How are the tenants going to be The valuation is going to be done for the affected Landlord property. It’s compensated the responsibility of the Landlords to have good negotiation with their tenants regarding the terms of payment after compensation. However, this is on a mutual agreement between the landlords and the tenants and is not determined by UNRA.

What happens to the small pieces of land The land that will be deemed unusable will be identified and assessed as that are left hanging after removing the big guided by the best local and international best practices. piece of land 20th/10/2020 Consultative meeting with Budadiri town council Technical staff The road should be extended up to Mt. The town council proposal for the road to be extended up to Kiguli bridge Elgon as a way of giving back to the and Mt. Elgon park was received by the design team and when the funds community. are available, they will be considered. However, the committed funds so far are for the 29kms for the Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu project. During the implementation of works, UNRA has a policy in place where the contractor is required to consider UNRA should consider employing the the local populations when it comes to employment opportunities (local people in the project area than using content). people from other districts The district can also help the contractor in identifying some of the required available labor for consideration. The people should however be disciplined to ensure that they don’t lose their jobs. Will the bridge have tarmac over it or UNRA is planning to put up a first-class bridge and thus it will be marram tarmacked. Is UNRA planning to acquire and Compensation of land for the new routes that will be opened up might not compensate for land for the new access be possible and people will be requested to avail land for the proposed routes for the proposed project project. UNRA should engage the district officials A good working relationship between the contractor and the district will throughout the project cycle. This too be very vital for the successful implementation of the project. should be done when the contractor is on This is very vital and thus will be keenly considered. the project site 23rd/10/2020 Bugusege& Busamaga parishes Engagement: Villages: Mayiyi A&B, Bumanyara A&B, Bunamboozo When is the project starting When the final design is out, the surveyors will come back to set out the extents of the Right of way. After this, the valuers will come to value the property that will be affected and this will guide the compensation values for each Project affected property. These will be sent to the Chief Government Valuer and if approved, then the people will be compensated. After compensation, the people will be required to relocate in the timeframe which will be communicated. However, the people were informed that the project is very crucial and all these processes are going

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to be done in a very urgent manner. When all this is done and the contractor has enough working space, then the construction works will commence. How long will the project take The project will take three years. This is the standard time duration but its however not cast in stone due to challenges that might be beyond the project team. How will the assessment forms that were These will not in any way affect this project. It’s regrettable that the people prior distributed be handled have been assessed before and were even given assessment forms. However, due to the change in the design and the new developments in the area, assessment of all the property is going to be done again. Those with the assessment forms will be required to submit them to the valuers during that time. Is compensation done before or after the Compensation is done before the commencement of works. project works During the sensitization meetings, the UNRA does not make partial compensation/payments. The people are people are assured of full pay but at given all the money they are entitled to. If it’s for instance 10million, all payment, they receive half payments the 10M will be paid to the project affected person( PAP). What is the mode of payment for the The money is paid through the recognized banks. People with no accounts compensation money are advised to open up accounts as the payments will be made through the bank accounts. However, the payments below 200,000 shillings will be paid through the Pap's registered mobile numbers. Before UNRA coming on the ground, UNRA always works with the local leaders as well as the chairpersons people should always be informed about regarding any kind of communication to the communities. These their coming communicate to the respective communities about UNRA’s programme. Are people allowed to relocate their graves Yes, the people are allowed to relocate their graves. This is because there is that attachment that people have with their dead people and thus the graves cannot just be destroyed. Important to note however is that the graves are valued and compensated for accordingly. More clarification should be made about The disturbance allowance is that extra amount that is paid on top of the the disturbance allowance compensation value. This is given in 15% or 30% depending on the urgency of the project. The 15% disturbance allowance is given if the PAPs are required to relocate in a period of 6months after compensation and 30 % is paid on top of the compensation if the people are required to move in a period of 3 and fewer months. What will happen to tenants that paid This will be a mutual understanding and negotiation with their Landlords. ahead of time to the Landlords When it comes to the very many land-related conflicts in the project area, one of the clan leaders advised that UNRA should embrace using the clan heads when solving some of these conflicts because the people have a lot of respect for them. 24th/10/2020 Bugusege Town council Technical staff The old survey had indicated that the road The design changed to 30metres.In case of need of extra land, however, was 50metres but now you are telling us the various stakeholders will be informed. 30 meters. Most of the people are on customary land Sironko district committed to working with the relevant authorities to but don’t have documentation for this ensure that customary certificates are provided to the people as ownership proof, how will they be assisted proof. UNRA will work closely with the district to ensure that this process is expedited. UNRA also requested the district that this exercise should be done at the sub-county level where people can easily access the service.

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During the previous valuation exercise, The exercise of valuation is going to be repeated and the old forms will not some people got assessment forms and be considered. The people will be required to submit the old assessment others did not get them. What are you forms. going to do this time? When do we start organizing our After establishing the Right of way, the affected property will be documents for payment? established. This will be followed by the assessment &valuation of the affected property. The valuers will then come back and disclose the various compensation values and if the property is not disputed, then the people can start organizing the documents for payments. Is UNRA going to revalue PAPs who were UNRA acknowledges that there was valuation done like five years ago but valued before a lot has changed since then and this will require the exercise to be done again. UNRA regrets all the inconveniences which were caused to be caused. When the last exercise was carried out The valuers with the assistance of the local chairpersons will ensure that some of the landowners were not around. all the affected people are available during the valuation exercise. A How are you going to address that? follow-up exercise will be done for all the people that will be absent at that time. 23rd/ 10/2020 Buhungu Community Engagement Is UNRA going to reassess the people Yes, the excise is going to be repeated as a lot has changed since then. since this exercise had earlier been conducted what causes variation in compensation of The variation comes as a result of the different properties and property developments found on the affected piece of land. Is UNRA going to compensate for the Yes, UNRA will compensate for the affected graves along the project area. graves? What will be the duration of the project Before the onset of construction works, several activities are carried out. works and when is it starting The engagements of the UNRA team with the various stakeholders were an indication that the project works are already underway and their input contributes greatly to the final project design. The estimated project duration is 3 years other factors remaining constant. How long is the Grace period after The grace period depends on when the people are required to vacate the compensation? land after compensation. If the disturbance allowance is 30% PAPs are usually given 3moths to live in the area and if it's 15% the PAPs are given 6months to vacate the area. Is the disturbance allowance supposed to The disturbance allowance is for the owner of the affected property. be shared with the tenants for those with However, the landlords can negotiate with their tenants about the commercial buildings repayment period after compensation. This however cannot be determined by UNRA. The meeting wanted to know how UNRA Various channels will be used to disseminate information to the will be sending messages to the local stakeholders. Some of the channels will be through the Local leaders; the people local chairpersons, Community development officers, through radios, and at a later stage Grievance management committees will be formed along the project area and through these, the various complaints and issues will be solved Won't the customary land certificates be The meeting was told that the district(Sironko) had proposed a fee of expensive to be obtained by the people 20,000 shillings for the customary certificates that will be issued to the people. UNRA requested the district to bring the service up to the sub-county level so that people don’t spend a lot on transport.

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23rd/10/2020 Buwalasi Sub-County Community Engagement Villages: Patto T/C, Bumudu A, Nagudi, Bugwangi Lower& Upper, Kadodoyi, Nadome, Buwira, Mukuusi, Maguma The community members needed The members of the GMC will come from the community members. The clarification on the criteria that will be UNRA team will guide the communities on how to select the various used in selecting the Grievance members but the choice of the members will entirely come from them. Management Committee(GMC) members These will be formed along the entire project and their operation will be for the entire project duration. How is land and buildings in the same The land will be valued differently from the buildings. The land rates are location compensated guided by the prevailing market rates in an area and the rates for the buildings come from the chief government valuer. The person will get a total sum of the two properties but the valuation is done differently. Some people abandoned their property Unfortunately, some people left their buildings after the first assessment. during the first assessment. What will However fresh valuation and assessment are going to be undertaken by the happen to such people valuation team for the entire project. The new design will determine who is going to be affected. UNRA regrets the inconveniences that were caused to the people. The rates of land keep changing. How is During the valuation, UNRA uses the current prevailing market prices in this going to be handled that particular area. So the fluctuating land prices don’t affect the valuation. When is the project starting After the completion of compensation, people will be expected to vacate in the specified time frames. The contractor will then begin on the physical works of the project with the available working space. Will the people who will be affected by the Yes, the government of Uganda through UNRA is going to compensate all project be compensated the people that will be affected by the project. Compensation will for instance cater to the affected commercial buildings, residential homes, land, to mention but a few. If the water resource or pipe along the The contractor will be required to relocate such resources/utilities before project is affected, what happens the commencement of works. For instance, the contractor works with the utility providers like UMEME, National Water& Sewerage Corporation to ensure that the utilities like the water pipes, power lines are well relocated before the commencement of works. These are relocated to the road reserve which is also paid for during the compensation period. The contractor has to ensure that the water sources along the project are relocated to other places of community convenience before the onset of works. 24th/10/2020 Buweri Town Council community engagement: Villages: Kisoso, Buweri Ward A, Buweri Ward B, Kishuli, Buyi In Buweri town council, there is a UNRA together with the local leaders and the cultural leaders will ensure circumcision cultural site that is very busy that such places are rightly relocated. All the necessary facilitation for the during the circumcision season and it relocation of such sites will be provided by UNRA. might be affected as it’s near the road Is the Buweri T/C mosque going to be This will be determined after the Right of Way and the extent of the road destroyed have been set out by the surveyors with the guidance of the design. For now, that cannot be determined and we shouldn’t speculate. However, if the mosque is affected, then it is going to be fully compensated for Some people don’t have proper documents The UNRA valuation team will work closely with the local chairpersons for their land, and some are customary to determine the rightful owners of the land. Sironko district however owners. What will happen to them affirmed that they are in the process of distributing customary certificates as documentary evidence to people with customary land at a small fee.

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Certain husbands left their wives and are UNRA with the guidance of the local chairpersons will ensure that the now going to come back because of the project doesn’t leave such women more vulnerable. Where need be the compensation. Is there any way the social team has to ensure that consent forms are signed so that when the women can be helped compensation money is paid, the women get a share of the compensation money and also put the money to the right use. Will proper drainages be constructed to The contractor has the obligation of ensuring that during the construction avoid the flooding of the area works, proper drainage channels are constructed to avoid the flooding of the place when works are ongoing. Does the contractor give back to the Yes, there’s a provision for corporates social responsibility in the community in form of corporate social contractor’s contract. However, this has to be done systematically where responsibility the interested party has to apply and submit their request to the district. Some of the considerations under corporate social responsibility may include among others; the district town roads, market, and sources of water. Where are the rates for valuation got from The rates used for compensation are got from the Chief Government Valuer. However, when it comes to the crops and trees, the rates are got from the respective districts. The land values are determined by the prevailing market rates in the area where the project is. What will happen to the ongoing The people cannot be stopped from developing when the Right of Way developments hasn’t been established. The development will be stopped after the assessment & valuation process. All the developments after that exercise will not be considered for compensation. Certain people came on the ground and Unfortunately, the first design was not implemented. UNRA regrets all the valued people’s property. What happened inconveniences that it caused to the people of Namagumba-Budadiri- to the design that informed the valuation Nalugugu. The right of Way is however going to be set out again using the process new design which will guide the valuation process putting into consideration all the new developments in the area. Is the money for compensation already Yes, the money for compensation is available and this is one of the urgent available projects that need to be implemented. Does UNRA come with its employees No, UNRA has what we call the local content policy under the contractor’s during the project works contract which is at 30%. Herein the contractor is required to provide local job opportunities to the community. However, the people should ensure that they remain disciplined so that they don’t lose their jobs. Do people supply local materials like rock If the contractor tests the available raw materials and meet the required materials to the contractor standards, then the local people will benefit from supplying these materials to the contractor. 20th/10/2020 Buweri Town council staff There is a very big circumcision cultural UNRA together with the local leaders will ensure that all the places with site that is near the road and likely to be cultural importance and attachment are mapped out. These with the affected by the project. What will happen guidance of the spiritual leaders will be relocated to other places. The to it facilitation and payment needed for the relocation of such sites will be provided by UNRA. There quite many markets near the Since the project has several markets along the way, these will be relocated proposed project road. How are these to other places but in the same location so that the people can access them. going to be compensated because they are From the district engagement. It was established that some places have a source of income to a big number of sites that were already mapped out for the relocation of these markets. people

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Most of the land in the Town council is The valuation team will work with the local leaders and chairpersons to customary. How will such land be valued establish the rightful owners of such land before the compensation is paid and compensated to avoid land wrangles. Sironko district however advised that they are in the process of distributing customary certificates to show the rightful owners of the land. There are also big chunks of public land Though it is public land, the government also pays for such land if it is that belong to Sironko district. How will going to be affected. the public land be compensated 24th/10/2020: Buyobo Sub-county community Engagement: Villages: Bumayamba, Bulambuli, Bulumolo, Bumusi A &B, Nabisagasa, Masheke, Nabbiga, Buwadika, What happens when someone is not UNRA appreciates the attachment that people have with their places of interested in vacating residence, however, no one should stop any government project from taking place. The Government has what is called compulsory Land Acquisition where the people are required to avail land for development. It should however be noted that even with the compulsory land acquisition, the people’s property to be affected by the project are compensated before relocation. When is the compensation starting The compensation will begin the rates that were used to assess the affected property are approved by the chief government valuer. Does UNRA value and compensate bare Yes, bare land is compensated for. All property that is affected by the land project regardless of whether it is vacant or not is compensated for. Are the crops compensated The annual crops like sugarcane, coffee, avocadoes, the trees are compensated for. However seasonal crops for instance maize, beans, peas, are not paid for as the people are given time to harvest their crops. How is titled land valued and compensated The people with titled land get more money compared to the non-titled land. This is to cater for the costs that they incurred to acquire the necessary documents. Some property has only caretakers, what The caretakers will be allowed to help in the processing of the required happens in such cases documents of the affected property. This will be done with the guidance of the local leaders and the chairpersons. However, the owners will be required to be present during the Identification, Verification, and Disclosure process. In instances where they will be unable to be present, then the powers of attorney will apply. However, payments will be made directly to the property owners to avoid any complaints that might arise related to payments. There’s some land with land wrangles. The local leaders and the chairpersons will work with UNRA to ensure How will such wrangles be dealt with that the land wrangles don’t hinder the progress of the project. However, in cases where the wrangles cannot be handled at the local level, then the court is involved to help in the process of getting the rightful owner entitled to the compensation money. There are some houses with no electricity, No, UNRA compensates the property in the state they found it. if the house will the electricity be paid for didn’t have electricity, then UNRA doesn’t pay for it. Can the people construct immediately It is always advisable that the PAP starts constructing after 5 meters if they after the peg have some space to avoid unforeseen inconveniences. Is the road reserve part of the Right of Way Yes, the road reserve is part of the land that will be acquired and compensated for by UNRA.

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When are the GMC’s going to be formed After establishing the right of way, it will be clear to know the people that are going to be affected by the project. The social team from UNRA will go down again to guide the communities in the formation of the GMC’s. These will be formed before the commencement of works by the contractor. This is because the people might be having some issues/concerns even before the works begin for instance the valuation concerns. These have to be managed before the works begin. Is the compensation money paid in phases The money for compensation is not paid in phases. All the money is paid in its entirety. This is paid through people’s accounts. It is only in instances where the money is less than 200,000 shillings that it is paid through people's registered mobile numbers. What happens to the plot of land that has If the plot of land has different owners, the plot is valued at the full like three different people? How will they replacement value and each person receives what is entitled to them. be compensated How will the people with businesses be The affected businesses will be assessed and compensated based on the compensated best local and international practices. Some of the people were not present A fresh assessment is going to be conducted for the entire project stretch. during the first assessment UNRA will work with the local leaders/ chairpersons to ensure that the people are present during the valuation and assessment phase. 23rd/10/2020 Buyobo Sub-county Technical staff There are many properties along the All the property that is along the road and will be affected by the proposed proposed road what are you going to do for project, will be valued and compensated for. them? Most families are headed by females what If they have documents for their property, they will be compensated and will UNRA do for them UNRA will also assist those who will need it before and after compensation. Men were also cautioned that for those who have more than one wife the compensation should be used to resettle the affected wife only. Is UNRA going to revalue PAPs who were The meeting was informed that the exercise is going to be done afresh and valued by UNRA before the old valuation forms will not be considered. UNRA acknowledges that there was valuation done like five years ago but believes a lot has changed which requires the exercise to be done again. Will the public land be compensated for Yes, public land is also compensated for. In the case of squatters on public land and the district acknowledges them, then they will be compensated for their developments only. 23rd/10/2020 Uganda Technical College(UTC), Elgon Engagement Is there a possibility of a change of design The concerns will be forwarded to the design team and if need be, they so that UTC land is not divided into two? will be incorporated into the final design. The principal suggested that the project design should move towards the colleges’ western boundary connecting chainage 2+600 -4+100. This will help not to further split their land for easy management. 21st/10/2020 Kalawa Ward Community Engagement: Villages: Kalawa, Bumatofu, Nakidowa What will happen when the project affects UNRA will pay for the affected property. However if the house is affected the entire compound but the house remains during the project works through for instance cracking as a result of the safe heavy movement of the trucks, then the house will be valued and compensated for too then. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 105

How is the compensation money paid The compensation money is paid through the recognized banks by the Bank of Uganda. The valuation team will come back to further sensitize the people about the requirements needed for them to receive their compensation as well as the bank requirements. However, the compensation below ug. shs 200,000, will be paid through people's registered mobile numbers. After compensation, are people given time Yes, the people are given time to relocate after compensation. It’s either a to move period of 6 or 3 months that is given depending on the rate of the disturbance allowance given on top of the compensation value. If the disturbance allowance is 15%, then the people are given 6 or fewer months to vacate and then 3 or fewer months if the disturbance allowance is 30%. The people of Kalawa and Bumatofu The project might not pass through Budadiri town council. However, needed clarification about the project and UNRA will ensure that if it doesn’t pass through Budadiri town, then they whether it’s going to pass through will consider tarmacking it as this is the request from most of the Budadiri town stakeholders. In 2015, valuation was done and people The old forms will be collected by the valuation team. However, these have assessment forms. What will happen forms will not in any way affect the new valuation and assessment process to the old forms that is going to be conducted again for the entire project. This is because new developments and changes have happened since the earlier valuation was done and UNRA cannot base on the old assessment forms for valuation. Will the GMC’s come from the Local No the members in the Grievance management committees will be councils selected by the community members. It will be a composition of six members and UNRA social team will come back to guide the community members through the process of GMC formation. The members of the community will openly select those members that they feel will help them through the process of grievance redress for the success of the project. The community members were concerned This project is not in any way a political move and the people should desist that this might be a political move since from spreading such propaganda. The government of Uganda earmarked the elections are next year some projects for urgent development and Namagumba-Budadiri- Nalugugu was one of them. Important to note is that the money for compensation for the properties that will be affected by the project is readily available. So this project is not a political move. Will the bare land be compensated Yes, everything that is going to be affected by the project will be compensated. So all the land whether bare or with property will be compensated. Will the GMC members receive some The service of the GMC members is going to be a voluntary service to the allowance for their service communities they will be serving. UNRA will however ensure that these GMCs have all the necessary materials that are needed to make their work easy for instance the necessary stationery. However, the GMCs will be motivated with some T-shirts whenever available for their service. Will the local people have access to job Yes, the contractor under the local content policy is mandated to provide opportunities during the project works job opportunities to the local people at a tune of 30%. The community will thus be informed about the available opportunities and the process through which they can apply for these jobs. Will the project go up to Gombe after the There has been a proposal from the stakeholders that the project goes up bridge where it has been proposed to stop to Gombe shortly after the bridge and this proposal has been received by UNRA. This concern will be forwarded to the design team and the feedback regarding this request will be Communicated to the stakeholders at the right time.

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There is always a lot of dust during the The contractor will be required to do water browsing to curb the dust construction works and should be curbed during the works. This will be highly monitored through the active project as this affects the homes and business sites. along the road 22nd/10/2020 Nalugugu village Engagement What will happen to people who lost their Through the help of the local chairpersons, such people should get other purchase agreements? purchase agreements to avoid any inconveniences at the time of compensation. The use of neighbors as witnesses during this process will also help during this process. These agreements should however have the LC stamp on them. The contractor is found of blocking UNRA always compels the contractor not to block accesses going to people’s access to their houses, how is people’s homes. The contractor with the help of the supervising consultant UNRA going to deal with that. and sociologist will help in enforcing that such issues are handled. Grievance Management Committee will also be formed along the project area where the people will be encouraged to report such issues to those committees for fast redress. During the implementation of works, UNRA has a policy in place where the contractor is required to consider UNRA should consider employing the the local people when offering job opportunities during the project works. people in the project area than using The district can also help the contractor in identifying some of the available people from other districts labor for consideration. How faster can one start to look for the You need to first wait for the surveyors to peg the right of way, as this necessary documents for compensation? will help to establish who will and not be affected by the project. UNRA at some point after the valuation exercise will conduct pre- disclosure engagements where project affected persons will be informed of the different documents which are required for the different affected properties. Will UNRA help the widows to replace Yes, through the vulnerability assessment, such categories that include their property among others; the widows, the elderly, child-headed households will be mapped out with the help of the local chairpersons and will accordingly be helped to utilize their compensation well to avoid further vulnerability. What will happen to the water sources like The contractor has to ensure that all the affected water sources in the right the boreholes that will be affected by the of way are rightfully relocated to the communities' areas of convenience. project works The area has an issue with water that flows The UNRA hydrologist will accordingly advise when it comes to such from the mount. Elgon and this might issues. hinder the road works 22nd/ 10/2020 Nakiwonde Village Engagement

Some of the documents concerning their After the valuation data capture, the report will be presented to the Chief property ownership are kept far away for Government Valuer for approval. Once the report is signed the pre- better storage and they requested UNRA disclosure engagements will be held and PAPs will be informed on the give them enough time when needed. dates for disclosure. It’s after this, that the required documents will be presented for compensation.

UNRA should extend the road up to Mt. The meeting was informed that UNRA received the proposal of extending Elgon park which will help in boosting the road up to Mt. Elgon park. However, currently, the available funds are tourism for only 29kms. Once additional funds are secured, such roads will be catered for and communication will be availed to the relevant stakeholders.

During the implementation of works, UNRA has a policy in place where the contractor is required to provide a UNRA should consider employing the certain percentage of job opportunities to the local people. The respective

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people in the project area than using districts will be required to work with the contractor to ensure that this is people from other districts. achieved.

Some or most of the people have sales Sales agreements are valid documents during compensation provided they agreements as a document of land have been witnessed and stumped by LC1 and a signature from the seller ownership. plus few witnesses. Will the GMCs be working on only the The GMCs will be working on all the project-related concerns/ issues. vulnerable women? Their term of service will extend for the entire project duration.

22nd/10/2020 Namagumba Community engagement Villages: Namagumba A, Namagumba B, Kifafa lower What will happen to the assessment forms The Assessment forms that were distributed will be collected from the that were prior given to the people in people. This is because a new valuation exercise is going to be done for 2015? They're also people who got the the entire project with the new design. It’s a pity for those who passed on assessment forms but passed on but the process will not affect them as fresh valuation and thus assessment is going to be conducted again.

The values for the land are now high due The land values are determined by the prevailing market value in a to the city status of Mbale. How are these particular place. These values are not determined by UNRA. The going to be handled values/rates with the guidance of the local leaders are the ones that are used during valuation. The Mbale city status will not in any way affect the values of the land in Namagumba.

Does the compensation come before or Compensation is paid before the commencement of construction works. after the road construction This is because before the contractor starts to work, he needs a clear right of way and if people have not been compensated, then they cannot relocate.

Some families have heirs to the family These heirs will have to be available during certain processes. For instance, property that stay far away from the during the Identification, Verification, and Disclosure process, the heirs project area. what will happen to such will be needed to sign on the assessment forms. The chairpersons will people ensure that the affected people are always informed of availability whenever needed. Can someone delegate someone else to Yes, someone can delegate provided all the required documents are handle the valuation process when they are available. However if possible, the real property owners should be away available. Will the local people have access to job Yes, they will because UNRA has what is called local content policy. This opportunities during the project works is where the contractor has to ensure that 30 % of the opportunities go to the local people. These jobs are majorly semi-skilled ones or those that don’t require so much experience. Some of the available opportunities will for instance include the flag bearers, the cooks for the workers, the earth mixing workers, the project drivers to mention but a few. However, if the communities have the required skilled labor and can compete for them, then they can apply for them. 22nd /10/2020: Namayonyi Sub-county Technical staff Engagement Are the valuation rates which are given to Yes, the valuation and compensation are a fair process. Important to note people fair to help them resettle that on top of the money that is paid for compensation, UNRA also pays themselves what is called a disturbance allowance of either 15% or 30% on top of the compensation to the project affected persons. This money is believed to be fair enough to help the people relocate and replace the affected property.

Most of the land in Namayonyi sub-county An engagement will be conducted with Kakungulu Estate owners by is under the Kakungulu estate and the UNRA to have a clear understanding of ownership and avoid any future people have bibanja. How are the people clashes and setbacks during the project works. However, the land in going to be compensated since they don’t Namayonyi will be assessed at 100% and will be apportioned according to have documentation to this effect the approved Land Acquisition Methodology. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 108

Is this exercise a political move as it was This is not a political move. The government of Uganda has this as one of prior carried out in 2015 and people were the urgent projects to be implemented and the money for compensation is even given assessment forms also readily available. Regrettably, the Government of Uganda was not in position to implement this project in 2015, but this shouldn’t be tagged to this period that it might not happen again.

Do people receive the same compensation No, people don’t receive the same compensation. The rates for compensation depend on what is going to be affected. For instance, someone with bare land cannot receive the same compensation as one with land that has a building. When is the project starting These engagements with the stakeholders will help refine the preliminary design. When the final design is out, then the survey team will come on ground to set out the Right of Way, and thereafter the valuation of the affected property will be undertaken. These will be submitted to the chief government valuer whose approval will lead to the compensation of the affected persons. The contractor will thereafter start on the works after the people have been compensated and vacated. The land is majorly owned by the men and A communication package on landownership and due compensation will thus compensation of money to the women be made to the people of Namagumba and the rightful owners of the might be a problem property regardless of their gender will receive their compensation. However, the local leaders will also be used to guide the rightful owner of the property before compensation to avoid any conflicts. 22nd/10/2020Salalira Church of Uganda Community Engagement Generally in the Bugisu region land is With support from the district leadership, customary certificates will be customarily owned, how is UNRA going issued to all the people with customary land as evidence of documentation. to deal with this These however will be availed at a small fee and such certificates will be used during compensation. However, all those with sales agreements stamped by the LC1 with the signature of the buyer will also use such during the valuation exercise.

Does UNRA compensate for the graves Yes, UNRA compensates graves provided they are visible so that the which will be affected by the road project? owners can relocate them to other places. These graves are valued according to the raw materials used to make them for instance; tiles, cement, or earth.

Who is going to receive money for the The various water sources that are going to be affected by the road project public assets like bores which are likely to will rightfully be relocated by the contractor with the help of the local be affected by the road project? chairpersons and community members. Does UNRA compensate areas that have The meeting was informed that according to the law, all-natural resources natural resources like marram or stones belong to the government of Uganda and for anyone to extract them, they must get a permit from the ministry of energy and minerals. For compensation to be made to such people, then a mining license will have to be presented.

How will UNRA help women who have UNRA is going to work with the local leaders to ensure that such women been abandoned by their husbands and are helped to ensure that their ex-husbands don’t leave them further want to come back to receive the vulnerable. Where joint account opening is needed, then this will be compensation enforced to ensure well utilization of the compensation and replacement of the affected property.

How will old people get their money UNRA with the assistance of the local leaders will map out such categories of people and will be helped accordingly to ensure that the compensation money is put to good use.

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If a plot has developments and another one The compensation will vary depending on the property on the land. Land has no developments will the with developments will therefore not have the same amount of compensation value be the same? compensation as vacant land or land with no development. How is UNRA going to handle the issue of The contractor will have to ensure that during the works, people's access blocked access by the contractor to their homes is not blocked. With the help of the supervising consultant, such issues will be handled to ensure that the project doesn’t disrupt the communities. At some point, GMCs will be formed along the project area and will assist in fast redress such issues. 27th/02/2021 Engagements with the CSO’s (Mutufu Child Development Centre, MAFOC, Mothers at Risk, and Buyobo Child development center) UNRA should consider engaging the UNRA will embrace the services of the CSO’s in the project area. CSO’s during the project works curb some However, through the procurement process. UNRA also always bring s an of the social vices like increased HIV rates NGO or CSO on board to manage social risks throughout the project cycle. and unplanned pregnancies CSO’s in the project area are therefore encouraged to apply and compete for such opportunities. Mutufu child development center is along The contractor will ensure that speed humps are put in the appropriate the road and UNRA should consider places along the project to help curb the speeding vehicles and thus avoid putting humps to avoid accidents due to accidents. If the school will be affected by the project, then compensation speeding vehicles. The school is also near will be paid, and will be required to shift to another location. the road is most likely to be affected by the project UNRA should employ the youth during The contractor through the local content policy embedded in his contract the project works so that they can earn is required to provide job opportunities to the local people. The available some income jobs will be advertised and displayed at the district and the people will be encouraged to apply if they qualify. Shoddy works should be avoided during UNRA will periodically conduct compliance assessments to ensure that construction the contractor follows the agreed-on set standards for good quality works. 13th/ 04/2021 High level( CSO’s / Area MP’s) Engagement UNRA should expedite the plan for the The Tourism roads are not part of the proposed Namagumba-Budadiri- tourism roads in the Mt. Elgon region. Nalugugu project. These are two different components. The plans to work These roads should be part of the proposed on these roads however are underway and when the designs are ready, project appropriate communication will be made to the stakeholders. UNRA should embrace BUBU, where the UNRA largely supports BUBU, and if the local materials in the project local materials like the stones in the area meet the standard specifications of the contractor, then they will be project area should be used used during the project works. During the process of compensation, The valuation process will be correctly done with the guidance of the UNRA should ensure that the valuation updated rates of the districts. These will further be forwarded to the Chief process is correctly done abs Government Valuer before the compensation is made. Both Mbale & undervaluation is one of the processes that Sironko districts were however advised to expedite the process of updating stall road projects. The delayed payments their compensation values as they are now obsolete. also to the road becoming stale The Emeritus advised that since there are This will rightly be followed up by UNRA as we don’t want the project to several markets along the project area, that leave the people vulnerable but improve their lives. For the markets that are going to be affected, UNRA should don’t have available land to shift, guidance will be sought from the area ensure that these are rightly relocated so local leaders so that rightful relocation is done. that people’s livelihood is not affected. He also affirmed that some of these markets already have available land that was allocated and it is just a matter of telling the people to shift to those places.

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How will the water from the culverts be The contractor will ensure that both before and during the project works, disposed off? Water shouldn’t be left to the right channeling of water is done. Proper and strong culverts will be flow into people’s houses. UNRA should constructed to ensure that the water doesn’t disrupt the communities as also ensure that the box culverts that are well as the ongoing works. constructed are strong enough as the weak ones will be washed away by the rain. How will the issue of racism be addressed Continuous sensitizations on several issues are always done throughout the more so from the side of the contractor project cycle. This is one of the issues that will be addressed during the workers project works. The contractor sociologist will also be advised to continuously engage the workers to avoid such occurrences during the implementation of the project. A wide road with pedestrian lanes should All the required specifications for a good standard road are going to be be provided to the people to avoid considered for the Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu project. accidents How is the severance issue going to be Since the severance issues differ, these will be handled on a case-by-case handled by UNRA basis. However this will start from the day of assessment and where further validation is required, it will be done by the valuation team. There is a lot of speculation and there are Consideration for compensation will be done for the property that was people who are still putting up new assessed during the valuation process. However if by any unforeseen buildings in the project area. circumstances the compensation takes over two years without being done, an update of all the property along the project area has to be done and this is where all these new developments are captured and compensated for. The people along the project are being The RDC of Sironko district communicated that this is being handled and misled into opening bank accounts now by communication is being made to the relevant stakeholders. a certain bank in the region. These accounts will in the long run attract high interest to the people. UNRA should do something about this UNRA should embrace using the technical UNRA will ensure that the technical people at the districts i.e. Mbale & people at the district in handling some of Sironko are involved during the project implementation. Their input will the project related concerns be highly appreciated for the success of the project. A low sealing should be provided for The Nkokonjeru-Wanaale road was assessed and it is under design. once Nkokonjeru-Wanaale road. This is a the designs are complete, feedback will be given to the relevant tourism road and it will boost the revenue stakeholders. Bufumbo & Busani roads will be forwarded for of the region. consideration to the design team. Bufumbo & Busani roads are also in very bad condition The Mbale woman MP appreciated the The vulnerable PAPs along the project area will closely be followed up to UNRA team for engaging the ensure that meaningful resettlement is done so that the project doesn’t communities and identifying the leave them further vulnerable. The families that have disputes will also be vulnerable PAPs.she however advised that helped accordingly so that they gain from the compensation and be able to compensation shouldn’t be given to such resettle themselves. people but should be helped to resettle accordingly. The disputed families should also be closely followed and helped. The local people should benefit from the The contractor in his contract has a local content policy where he should available job opportunities during project consider 30% of job opportunities to the local people. This is also followed implementation. up by UNRA to ensure that the local communities gain from these opportunities. These jobs are however not a guarantee as people should be disciplined to maintain their jobs. How will UNRA engage the CSO’s/ Through the procurement process, UNRA always gets a Nominated NGO’s in the area for the various activities Service Provider (NSP) who is assigned the process of managing the social for instance the sensitization towards Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 111

curbing HIV during the project risks. UNRA does the monitoring of this provider to ensure that the right implementation services are provided to the people. The Town clerk; advised that UNRA This is a very sensitive issue and UNRA through the responsible should continuously the communities on departments ensures that the affected people are engaged and all the how the remains of the dead will be necessary processes required for the transfer of the remains are peacefully transferred performed& all costs covered by UNRA. UNRA should always work with the local UNRA always engages and uses the local chairpersons during the chairpersons to identify the right persons valuation process to help in the identification of the right people for the for the affected property during the affected property. UNRA is also going to establish a client care office valuation exercise. along with the project and dedicated staff will be allocated so that people's Community liaison officers should also be project-related grievances are fast-tracked for redress. Grievance allocated to handle project-related management committees will also be established for this purpose along the grievances project area. One of the officials advised that the project This request will be communicated to the contractor for consideration. works should start from Nalugugu towards Namagumba and not from Namagumba since the Nalugugu side is not as slippery as the Namagumba side and thus the ferrying of materials will be easy The ESIA & RAP findings should not The findings will also be disseminated through the UNRA Website. only be disseminated at the districts as accessing them is sometimes hard Source: Stakeholder/community engagements

The stakeholder engagements were made possible due to the support and collaboration of the area's local leaders. The local chairpersons, sub-county, and district leadership made the engagements possible as they laid the ground for the RAP team to successfully engage them and the communities at large. The attendance from the communities was also very positive as they turned up in big numbers. The stakeholders are generally excited about the project as they anticipate that it will not only make the movement of people and agricultural produce to other districts easy but will also boost the tourism in the area, provide employment opportunities and generally better people’s lives.

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Bugusege community engagement at Bukunzi sec. school

6.11 Follow up Activities (i) Formation and Training of Grievance Management Committees (GMC’s) The GMC’s will be formed along the entire stretch of the Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu project before the commencement of implementation of the RAP and the actual construction works. These will then be trained to equip them with the skills to handle the different grievances/ concerns as they will arise during the project implementation. The grievances will be solved right from the village level and escalation to the different responsible parties will be done accordingly. UNRA will, however, work with these GMC’s at all the different levels for quick redress and satisfaction of the aggrieved parties.

(ii) Follow up on the Vulnerable Project Affected Persons Detailed Assessment of the vulnerable PAPs was conducted by the UNRA RAP team and follow- up and monitoring of these PAPs will be done to ensure that they are meaningfully resettled and not disenfranchised by the project. (iii) Continuous sensitization Sensitizations and consultations with the stakeholders will continually be conducted throughout the project implementation cycle. These will be an avenue for suggestions and recommendations towards the successful implementation of the project.

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7.0 VALUATION, ENTITTLEMENTS AND COMPENSATION FOR LOSSES 7.1 Introduction This chapter presents the approach and methodology that used in the valuation of land and other properties and losses to determine their compensation values. The chapter also gives a description of the rates and types of levels of compensation under local laws and such supplementary measures to achieve the full replacement costs for lost assets to assist eligible PAPs to achieve the objectives of this resettlement compensation. It also provides the detailed eligibility framework and summary cost for land acquisition for the project.

7.2 Computation for Compensation 7.2.1 Buildings The valuation team with the assistance of local leaders and property owners measured houses, fences, yards among others that had been identified and marked as affected by the land surveyors. Information collected was recorded on valuation assessment forms that are designed by the Authority for this purpose and project. In accordance with professional valuation practice, valuation of all permanent buildings and improvements was done based on the Replacement Cost approach. Replacement cost is defined as the present-day cost of acquiring a substantially similar present- day asset that could provide a similar level of service to the asset in question. Replacement cost is based on market value and technology of the day. For permanent buildings and structures, these are derived from the project area in accordance with prevailing construction costs as governed by the following factors:

 location in relation to urban centers;  type and quality of materials used;  workmanship and design of buildings;  location of building in relation to sources of materials and labour;  terrain of the building site and the possible amount of leveling involved;  Age of structure and condition of buildings. a) Permanent Buildings The approach to valuation of building was the cost approach and using the replacement cost method without depreciation (full replacement cost). The buildings’ gross external area was multiplied by appropriate construction rate per meter square to come up with the replacement cost.

Table 7-1: Showing the construction rates for permanent buildings applied Construction Rate per square meter (Shillings) Roof: Clay Tiles/GCI nailed onto timber framework. Ceiling: Expanded metal lathing plastered and painted underneath. Walls: Burnt bricks 800,000-1,000,000 externally rendered, plastered and painted internally. Floor: Ceramic

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Tiles. Doors/Windows: Steel Metal Sheets, Glazed metal casements, Steel Burglar Proofing Roof: GCI nailed onto timber framework. Ceiling: Expanded metal 600,000-800,000 lathing plastered and painted underneath. Walls: Burnt bricks externally rendered, plastered and painted internally. Floor: Ceramic Tiles. Doors/Windows: Steel Metal Sheets, Glazed metal casements. Roof: GCI nailed onto timber framework. Ceiling: No ceiling Walls: 500,000-600,000 Burnt bricks which are part plastered and painted. Floor: Cement screed. Doors/Windows: Steel Sheet plates, Glazed metal casements. Roof: GCI nailed onto timber framework without ceiling underneath. Walls: Burnt Clay bricks which are un-plastered both internally and 400,000-500,000 externally. Floor: Site Concrete Doors/Windows: Match Boarded Timber. Roof: GCI nailed onto timber framework. Walls: Burnt bricks which are 350,000-400,000 un-rendered externally, un-plastered internally. Floor: Compacted Earth. Doors/Windows: Steel Sheet plates and Match Boarded Timber. GCI nailed on to timber framework with barefaced burnt bricks and an 300,000-350,000 earth floor with no fittings Roof: Grass Thatched Roof on local poles. Walls: Burnt bricks with mud 150,000 in-fills. Floor: Compacted Earth. Doors/Windows: Match boarded timber.

Building currently standing at ring beam/wall plate level and constructed 200,000 with burnt clay brick walls Building at foundation level-still at very early stages of construction, 80,000 constructed with burnt bricks Building at foundation level-still at very early stages of construction, 70,000 constructed with hardcore Building with burnt clay brick walls but currently standing at window sill 95,000 level Wall fence constructed with burnt bricks and plastered 150,000 per running meter Wall fence constructed with concrete blocks, plastered and finished with 200,000 per running meter burglar proofing grilles Pit Latrine of GCI, burnt clay bricks plastered/painted/roughcast, metal 300,000-350,000 sheet door, cement screed, with curtain wall Pit Latrine of GCI, burnt clay bricks plastered/painted/roughcast, Timber 250,000-300,000 door, cement screed, with curtain wall Pit latrine of GCI, burnt bricks, not plastered, Timber door, cement screed, 200,000-250,000 with curtain wall Pit latrine of GCI, un-burnt bricks, not plastered, no door, cement screed, 150,000-200,000 without curtain wall. Pit Latrine Depth 33,000 per cubic meter Grass thatched house but constructed with burnt clay bricks and having 100,000 mud infills with a grass thatched covering

b) Semi-Permanent/Temporary Structures These include site houses, granaries, chicken houses, plate racks etcetera.

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Computation of replacement values was derived from the construction rates as provided in the District Compensation Rates of Bukwo District for 2020/21. And where the rates of construction are considered inappropriate, a suitable adjustment in the rate provided has been made.

7.2.2 Land

Values were based on the current market transactions. Land was valued in un-improved state based on comparative available evidence within the locality, making adjustments to reflect location, surrounding features and size among other factors. Land rates were obtained by gathering local market evidence through consultations with L.C.1 chairpersons and analysis of market evidence through sales agreements. This was a very reliable source of such information especially in rural areas where it is the practice for L.C.1’s to endorse all transactions in the land. Therefore, every LC1 along the entire stretch of the road was consulted on the current land values which were compiled and adjusted. Land rates were a bit higher in trading centres especially Buwalasi, Bugusege, Buweli, Budadiri, Mutufu, Salalira and Nalugugu trading centres partly due to a high level of economic activity. The Market Value of Land is the highest price in monetary terms which the land interest under appraisal should or could fetch in a competitive and open market under conditions requisite for a fair sale. According to the IVS 2020, Market Value is the estimated amount for which an asset or liability should exchange on the valuation date between a willing buyer and a willing seller in an arm’s length transaction, after proper marketing and where the parties had each acted knowledgeably, prudently and without compulsion. Implicit in this definition is the consummation of a sale at a specified date and the passing of ownership from seller to buyer under conditions whereby: -

 Both the Buyer and Seller are economically motivated and are both acting prudently.  The sale price is not affected by any undue influence.  Both parties are well informed and well advised and are acting in what they consider to be their own best interest.  A reasonable time is allowed for exposure in the open market

(i) Sales Comparable The valuation team reviewed the recent available sales comparable from Local Councils (LCs), Land brokers and agents, print and online property listings, institutions and firms including the District Lands Office, Commissioner Valuations office in the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development, Office of Kakungulu Estate, as well as the land rates adopted for all recent Government projects done within the communities. Market value determinants considered for adjustments include:

 Location relation to urban centers;  economic activity in the area;

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 physical and geographical factors;  population density;  vicinity to services such as water electricity and roads; and  Cultural attitudes to land transactions.  Tenure and planning restriction

(ii) Multiple Ownership Claims to Land The project traverses areas with different land rights; both formal and informal. The dominant formal land rights are Freehold, Customary and Leasehold. The most common informal land rights are the lawful (including ‘Bibanja’) and bonafide claimants. Other smaller rights holders to consider are the licensees and tenants on land and buildings. Efforts was made to define and analyse the different claims over the same piece of land through contacting the relevant institutions such as the Lands Registry both at Central and Local Governments. Informal rights wered identified through community and targeted stakeholders’ engagements. As far as lease holds are concerned, the income method of appraisal was applied to income generating leasehold interests for the unexpired lease term only by estimating the value of the property based on the income produced. The income approach was computed by taking the net operating income of the rent collected and dividing it by the capitalization rate (the investor's rate of return) for the lease term. The Value attained from capitalizing the ground rent was compared to the prevailing market transactions to attain a similar interest of similar size and proportions. (iii)Bibanja and Customary Land Owners Within the project corridor, comparable land sales for the different land interests were collected and analysed. All genuine ‘bibanja’ and Customary land claimants were assessed at the prevailing bibanja/customary land rates in the locality. Where no bibanja land sale comparable was obtained, the bibanja or customary land interest were assessed and valued at 80% of the unencumbered land value of a Mailo interest. The proposition of 80:20% share between a Kibanja/customary land owner and a registered owner is premised on the high degree of legal protection given by law and practice to bibanja land owners from the oppression by registered absentee landlords. (iv) Land in Protected Areas The project passes through different ecosystems predominantly wetlands. There are laws regulating the ownership and use of such land and Compensation for land falling within any of the protected swamps, forests, among others will take into account the relevant laws on the same. Generally, the laws prohibit individual ownership of such land however PAPs in wetlands are allowed to be compensated based on traditional land use of such land. (v) Licensees Licensees were assessed for the value of their improvements on the land. Further assessment was also undertaken to determine all their other equitable interests that are attached to the land.

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(vi) Squatters who have acquired equitable ownership over time A squatter’s right is a legal allowance to use the property of another in the absence of an attempt by the owner to force eviction. Such squatters were assessed for the value their improvements on the land. Further assessment was made to determine all their other equitable interests brought onto the land. 7.2.3 Trees and crops Approved district compensation rates for Bukwo District for 2020/21 were used to assess the economic values for trees and crops because Mbale and Sironko Districts do not have updated compensation rates.

It should be noted that that seasonal crops in the ROW which can be harvested within the notice period have not been considered in the assessment. 7.2.4 Chattels and other movable assets Movable assets4 that are loosely fixed to the land and can be removed without causing damage have been considered for moving allowance. The allowance will be determined based on a defined radius within which PAPs will generally tend to relocate. This will also apply to kiosks, gates, etc. 7.2.5 Economic losses (Loss of rental and business income) For loss of rent, rent loss equivalent shall be assessed based on business records (where available) to ascertain monthly rent and in cases where records are not available, monthly rent will be determined by comparison of rent charged from similar buildings in the area.

7.2.6 Building Tenants (Business and Residential) Building tenants are a special group of PAPs who have contractual rights and obligations with their landlords. As such their rights are protected under The Contracts Act and ought to be considered in case of involuntary resettlement. It should be noted that in the absence of a Landlord and Tenants’ Act in Uganda, the relationship between the landlords and their tenants is governed by the contracts Act of Uganda. Commonly, landlords ask for three months’ rent advance payment for new tenants. However, a reasonable time (minimum of three months) rent free period will be allowed for tenants to save money, identify new premises to rent and relocate to. During this transition period, no landlord will be allowed to admit new tenants, neither charge nor collect rent from existing tenants. The cut-off date for existing tenants will be on the day the landlord receives his/her full compensation for the premises. Tenants who benefit from this rent concession are obliged to pay all their dues including taxes, fees, and utility bills where applicable. Special cases of vulnerability will be looked into on a case-by-case basis. 7.2.7 Utility Providers The utility providers are a special group of PAPs who will not be addressed by valuation assessment. However, they will be contacted and advised on computation and submission of relocation cost of their facilities. Some of the existing installations facilities will adapt to the proposed design.

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7.2.8 Disturbance Allowance A statutory disturbance allowance5 of 15% of the compensation amount will be awarded to the affected persons as provided in the Land Act where a notice period of more than 6 months is given. This is envisaged for this project. 7.2.9 Salvage Rights Though not provided for in national laws, the norm has been that PAPs are allowed to salvage materials such as crops, trees, fixtures, fittings and installations in houses, from the affected land to enable them quickly recover their livelihood. This project will therefore maintain the status quo and allow PAPs to salvage materials assessed and compensated for. 7.2.10 Speculative developments As is common with infrastructure projects of this magnitude, there are tendencies to speculate by the communities. In order to overcome this, a project cut-off date will be communicated on a rolling basis for every section covered. Any developments put up after the cut-off date and signing of assessments forms will not be eligible for compensation. 7.2.11 Other Developments/interests such as Graves, Shrines The team shall endeavour to compensate all development and interests that exist within the RoW. However, there are some interests which might not be necessarily catered for in the current valuation framework of Uganda. Also, in some cases the compensation awarded as per the current valuation framework might seem be in inadequate. A case in point can be the graves which might require extra cultural values assessment. Another example can be the intangible values associated with the shrines. In such cases, the interests shall be verified and there after engagements shall be held with the interest(s) holder to come up with amicable ways of quantifying them (Their interests). 7.2.12 Public Facilities Institutions will be compensated for particular properties that will be lost/damaged. During construction, the contractor will be required to build a barrier around public institutions especially schools and health units to mitigate the interruption that road works could cause to learners or patients.

7.2.13 Assumptions The valuation and compensation figures derived for this RAP are based on the following assumptions.

Assessment is of land and property within the designed road reserve and as defined on ground by the land surveyor.

The District compensation rates for Bukwo district for FY 2019/20 have been adopted and used in valuation of crops, trees and semi-permanent buildings. This was because the District Compensation Rates of Sironko District were not up to date.

5 as stipulated in the Land Act Cap 227 Section 77(2) given in addition to compensation value assessed Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 119

This report does not consider the assessment for injurious affections of properties and economic activities.

The assessment has been done in conformity with valuation principles that were adopted for this project under the guidance of the Chief Government Valuer.

Details of the properties affected are contained in annexed to this report.

7.3 Eligibility and Entitlement framework 7.3.1 Eligibility Guiding Principle In this report eligibility is defined as the criteria for qualification to receive compensation and other benefits under a resettlement program. According to the AfDB operational safeguard standards, there are three groups of displaced people who are entitled to compensation or resettlement assistance and these includes:

(iv) Those who have formal legal rights to land or other assets recognized under the law of the country concerned, (v) Those who may not have formal legal rights to land or other assets at the time of census/valuation but can prove that they have a claim that would be categorized under customary law of the country. (vi) Those who do not have recognizable legal rights or claim to the land they are occupying in the project area and who do not fall into the two categories described above, if they themselves or witness can demonstrate that they occupied the project area for the last six months prior to cut-off date established.

All the three groups will be entitled for compensation or qualify for compensation, and this is consistent with the Uganda law. The Uganda law (The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda and Land Act) recognises the rights and interests over the four-land tenure namely; customary, freehold, Mailo, and leasehold. The law recognizes customary tenure as a form of land holding and thus places customary tenants in a position of ownership.

The main type of land tenure in the project area is customary, representing 76.1% of land ownership in the project area. As required by law, PAPs holding land under customary ownership will be entitled to compensation based upon the amount of rights they hold upon land, including the disturbance allowance. The other established forms of land ownership included freehold tenure and leasehold tenure; these too will be compensated dependent on the extent of interest held.

The criteria for qualification to receive benefits for this project has been designed to ensure that any person who has been affected through loss of land, loss of property, loss of livelihood or actual displacement will be eligible for resettlement or compensation benefits provided such a person was in the affected area before the announced cut-off date, and such can be witnessed by the local leaders. Therefore, the second eligibility is a function of the census and cut-off date, provided the claim is legally, culturally, and locally recognized. 7.3.2 Cut-off date The cut - off date is the date beyond which any person whose land and or property that is to be affected by the project will not be eligible for compensation. This is the date the census and Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 120 inventory of loss is conducted. The cut-off date for the individual PAPs is therefore that date when field data capture including obtaining details of property owners, inspection and referencing of property, enumeration of crops/trees and gathering market information was concluded for the project. Beyond the date of data capture, any new/further speculative developments that are carried out by the PAPs in the completed section will not be legible for compensation. The cut-off date for the project is 15th March 2021.

Further Engagements will be held at various levels to update the community and stakeholders on project activities specifically the RAP implementation schedule and cut-off dates. The objective of the sensitization will to raise awareness, give appropriate information and solicit for support. The focus of the engagements will be explaining eligibility for compensation, methodology used in data capture and valuation, basis of assessment for compensation as well as the required documentation. 7.3.3 Vulnerable Groups Vulnerable households in Uganda are considered in the following categories; indigenous people, child headed households, households headed by the elderly people (above 65 years), households headed by people with disability and purely illiterate people. Whereas these people are eligible for compensation, they will be given additional/special assistance to rightfully get their compensation, be protected from opportunistic relatives, facilitated to open up Bank Accounts, given targeted assistance on demand. Such special assistance will be given by the project sociologist and lawyer, assisted by next-of-kin, the local leaders and support organizations such as Legal Aid where they exist. 7.3.4 Compensation for Community or Collective resources In circumstances where eligibility is claimed collectively, for instance, community resource or faith-based facilities, a trustee (who is usually named on the title will be entitled for payment on behalf of the group. A trustee is an individual or corporation named by an individual, who sets aside property to be used for the benefit of another person, to manage the property as provided by the terms of the document that created the arrangement. However, in the design, community and or public assets like churches, schools, and health facilities, were avoided unless it was extremely impossible. 7.3.5 Proof of Eligibility The proof of eligibility that will be accepted will include; i. Land title ii. Written evidence of ownership (certificate of title, land sale agreement, donation/succession/customary agreement) iii. Letters of Administration in case of death of owner iv. Guardian Order in the case of minor v. Witness by local authority

As already indicated, customary agreement will be the most common proof of ownership.

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Table 7-2: Entitlement matrix by type of PAP and type of loss ELIGIBILITY AND ENTITTLEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROJECT

Category of Type of Loss Type of Entitlement Impact Compensation for Loss of Compensation for Loss Disturbance Other assistance Structure of Livelihoods/incomes allowance / Assets Physical Loss of structures Compensation at full replacement 15% disturbance -In kind Compensation for assets lost to displacement (Permanent or value. Compensation will be allowance has been vulnerable groups to be prioritized on case-by- Temporary) sufficient to replace lost structures at applied case basis, for those who must be assisted. full replacement cost at the -will be accorded salvage rights prevailing local market rates. -Financial literacy training -livelihood enhancement programmes Movable/chattels The RAP to pay for relocation costs -Financial literacy training (sign posts, gates, within the locality. -livelihood enhancement programmes taps) Loss of land (Free -Compensation at 100% value of 15% -Monitoring and follow up hold title holder land -Financial literacy training -Land for Land replacement for -Support in opening bank account especially vulnerable PAP provided on case by for the vulnerable groups case basis Loss of Land- Lease -Compensation based on value of the 15% disturbance Monitoring and follow up hold title interest in the remaining lease term allowance -Financial literacy training to the lease. -Support in opening bank account especially -value of the reversionary interest to for the vulnerable groups the leaser (depending on the market lease interest) Loss of Land -Compensation at 85% of the 15% disturbance -Monitoring and follow up Customary freehold interest value allowance -Financial literacy training certificate -Support in opening bank account especially for the vulnerable groups Sitting Tenants on Appropriate ratios depending on the Kakungulu land land values

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ELIGIBILITY AND ENTITTLEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROJECT

Category of Type of Loss Type of Entitlement Impact Compensation for Loss of Compensation for Loss Disturbance Other assistance Structure of Livelihoods/incomes allowance / Assets Squatters Not entitled for land compensation 15% since they don’t own any interest but they will be compensated for the structures on the land

Partial loss of The RAP proposes total acquisition -Prompt and adequate 15% disturbance -Financial literacy training Land/property of properties that are partially compensation. allowance has been -Livelihood enhancement programmes affected by the road project. -Compensation based at applied -Salvage rights full replacement value. Displacement of Prompt and adequate -Residential Tenants will not pay rent bills Residential Tenants compensation to enable during the transition period of 3months. This Landlords reinstate their proposal will be notified to Landlords during rental houses engagements. -Tenants to benefit from livelihood enhancement programmes -Offer 3 months’ rent free space for tenants Impact on graves Compensation based on standard 15% disturbance -Costs for relevant cultural rituals shall be rates for earth and concrete graves. allowance shall be provided as part of the compensation Costs for relevant cultural rituals provided shall be provided as part of the compensation. Impact on public -Compensation at full replacement 15% disturbance -Establishment of provisional assets/resources facilities/ value for the different properties allowance has been -Building barriers around affected facilities at institutions affected by the project. applied the time of construction to minimize disruption -Relocation of public utilities such as of their operations and safety. water and electricity facilities -Salvage rights Economic Formal businesses Compensation for 15% disturbance - displacement (With audited books Business loss if any allowance of accounts, tax depending on the tax returns, certificate of returns incorporation

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ELIGIBILITY AND ENTITTLEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROJECT

Category of Type of Loss Type of Entitlement Impact Compensation for Loss of Compensation for Loss Disturbance Other assistance Structure of Livelihoods/incomes allowance / Assets Loss of crop - Entitled to harvest present seasonal - In case damage to 15% disturbance - If possible, allow farmer to harvest fruits as Loss of income crops crops, cash allowance has been supplementary source of income during Loss of Trees - Perennial crops and trees to be compensation as per applied transition period Farm Assets compensated based on approved rates provided by - Training in value chain addition district rates District Land Boards

Loss of rental Skills enhance such -Skills enhance such financial literacy, linkage income due to financial literacy, linkage to financial support organizations displacement of to financial support -Offer 3 months’ rent free space business tenant organizations Income loss for Provision of working -To benefit from community development stone and sand space to allow continuity programmes miners due to road for sand and stone -Financial literacy works quarrying

Displacement of Identify, locate and construct Skills enhance such Skills enhancement such financial literacy, Markets alternative market sites financial literacy, linkage linkage to financial support organizations to financial support organizations

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7.4 Valuation Certificate

The estimated compensation value for the buildings, land and crops for the Project Affected Persons is UGX. 44,044,403,057 (Uganda Shillings Forty-four Billion Forty-four Million Four Hundred Three Thousand Fifty-Seven Shillings Only) inclusive of a 15% disturbance allowance. Below is a summary of assessment.

Table 7-3: Compensation Budget Description of Item Value (UGX) Land 20,311,025,766 Developments 13,926,250,000 Crops and Trees 4,062,205,153 Sub-Total 38,299,480,919 Disturbance Allowance at 15% 5,744,922,138 Grand Total 44,044,403,057

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8.0 LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION AND IMPROVEMENT 8.1 Introduction The AfDB operational standards especially the OS2 provides important insights to consider during the preparation of the livelihood6 restoration plan for involuntary projects. The standard calls for non-disenfranchisement of the PAPs through improvement of the living, income earning capacity and any other means of livelihood. In doing so special attention should be given to the PAPs who have less capacity than others to adapt to the new economic or social circumstances brought about by the project. It calls for particular attention during the assessment of the risks and potential adverse impacts on the PAPs socioeconomic conditions and livelihoods. To the effect the AfDB OS2 recommends that a comprehensive livelihood improvement program is fully formulated and implemented as part of the RAP. Provided for subsequently is the livelihood status and proposed interventions to have the PAPs enhance their livelihoods restored and enhanced.

8.2 Approach to establishing Livelihoods and other income generating activities on NBN. To establish the PAPs who qualify for livelihood restoration and enhancement, a multipronged methodology was adopted as explained in chapter 3 of this RAP. It is through this process that the emergent businesses dynamics and the interconnections that exist therein are also established.

6 According to AFDB OS2, Livelihood refers to the full range of economic, social and cultural capabilities, assets, and other means that individuals, families and communities use to satisfy their needs.

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8.3 Livelihood profile for PAPs For purposes of the Livelihood restoration and enhancement plan (LREP), the livelihoods have been generally categorized into two operational groups. These include the income generating activities and the enterprises. The operational definition of each is provided for below; 1) Income generating activities: These are livelihoods done at household levels and not necessarily run on the principles of business (especially on the profit and loss paradigm as well as expenses incurred). These included those within structures which are primarily used for residence by the owners and those which exist within the extra land around the main residential property.

2) Enterprises: these are livelihood activities which are operated on the sole premise of making profit with prospects of expansion and growth. These were further categorized into those which are operated in premises of the owners (Owner-occupied) and those in rented premises. The dynamics of each are expounded on subsequently;

8.3.1 Income Generating Activities (IGA) profile General overview of the IGAs It was established that along the NBN project there exists 947 HH. Among these at least 843 have an income generating activity. A deeper scrutiny of the positioning of the IGAs within the HH indicate that 31 have no IGAs in the compound but operate one within the house premise, 622 use the houses exclusively for residential but have IGAs in the compound and 104 have IGAs in both the compound and HH. A broader categorization of the IGAs indicated that 162 were engaged in commercial selling (operating petty shops, stalls etc), 63 in rental activities, 22 in livestock activities and 9 also had chicken houses, office for mobilizing development and 1 ground nut paste grinder. A critical look at the distribution of the businesses within the HH indicated that among the 947 HH, 811 had the IGAs around the residential houses. These activities are expounded in table 8-1 below

Table 8-1: Income generating activities Income generating activity Frequency Livestock 394 Agriculture 546 Woodlot 9 Recreation 27 Renting out 30 Businesses 141 Others 17 TOTAL 1164 Those involved in other income generating activities included tree growing especially Griveria spp, bricklaying, church, metal folding &welding, small shade for selling bananas & charcoal, stone quarrying among others. Ownership dynamics of the IGAs In regard to ownership of the businesses (141) 110 were established to be individually owned especially by the HH head, 30 were family owned and one operating a limited company. Ideally all businesses operate informally apart from one.

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The individually owned business were predominated by retail shops, agricultural production and bars as indicated in table 8-9

Table 8-2: Ownership of IGAs Type Frequency Retail shop 22 Repair shop 4 Agricultural production 21 Whole sale shop 1 House rentals 11 Eating places 11 Bar 6 Others 34 Total 110 Other businesses owned included stalls (which sell silver fish, tomatoes, charcoal, chapati), hotel, boutique, brick laying, local brew, school, selling wood, selling stones, tailoring, water selling points, personal office among others and fuel station among others. Family-owned businesses were 40 and these are expounded in table 8-3. These were also predominated by retail business, agricultural produce and home rentals.

Table 8-3: Family Owned Businesses Type Frequency Retail shop 5 Eating place 1 Agricultural production 5 Petro station 1 House rentals 6 Others 10 Total 30 Others involved in the businesses include; stone quarrying, coffee nursery, sale of fruits, local brew production, sale of petrol retail, tailoring, woodlots, saloon and chapati stalls among others. Employment dynamics of the IGAs Overall, 34 businesses were established to employ people. 26 among these were among individual owned businesses, 7 were from family owned and one operated as a company. Overall, the employees ranged from 1 to 6. 15 were employed permanently and 17 were employed on a temporary or wagebased basis. Those employed on a permanent basis are highlighted in the table 8-4 below; Table 8-4: Employed on Permanent basis Business No of employees Frequency salary Types of businesses category per business range Individual 1 4 60-150K Retail shop, local brew joint, bar owned 2 2 60-300K Bar, hotel, whole sale 3 1 80K Retail 4 1 400K Retail, office 6 1 150K Bar Family 1 3 10-90K Coffee nursery operator, agric owned produce, Eating place, timber dealer 2 1 96K Poultry

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3 1 150K Petrol station Limited 4 1 300K Agricultural produce company

Those employed at temporarily has employees varying from 1 to 15. The businesses which employed over 5 employees included some in repair workshops, agricultural production, local brew production, water selling, stone crushing and chapati kiosks among others.

Agriculturally based IGAs A closer scrutiny of the agriculturally based IGAs indicates that 790 HHs are involved in some form of agricultural activity, either livestock or farming. Overall, 594 HHs were involved in livestock keeping and 636 were involved in agriculture. 153 HHs were exclusively involved in livestock rearing while 195 were exclusively involved in agriculture. The livestock and farming overview are given below;

Livestock Considering livestock, a number of animals were established to be reared. These were predominated by cattle (379), goats (278), sheep (12), pigs (65), poultry (317) and rabbits (6). Considering the numbers of animals reared, majority of the HHs has one animal (266), followed by two animals (194), three animals (116) and 4 (18). These were mainly reared through the zero grazing and tethering methods (usually done along the road). This occurrence in terms of numbers of animals reared is synonymous with low-income levels and the methods used can be attributed to the small pieces of land owned by the HHs due to the experienced fragmentation.

Farming As far as agriculture is concerned, majority of the HHs were engaged in mixed cropping. Of the 636 HHs established to have agricultural based IGAs, only 178 practiced monocropping farming systems. A closer interaction with the PAPs indicates that this is not a very common practice, even those practicing mono cropping systems do in sporadically in some seasons. Majority of the PAPs grew more than one crop on the land. The majority grew 2 crops (236), 3 crops (129), 4 crops (63), 5 crops (28) and 6 crops (1). The trend was also attributed to the small acreage of land owned by the different PAPs. Majority (438) of the HHs have 50 by 100 ft plots and less. A few 198 had more than 0.4 acres and above.

The farming system was largely predominated by the Banana-coffee farming system especially in the hills of Nalugugu to Budadiri. Other crops grown included; beans, cassava, coffee, Eucalyptus, fruits, maize, eucalyptus woodlots (especially in the Budadiri-Nalugugu section). The less common crops included cocoa, pine trees, millet, peas, vanilla and yams.

A yield analysis of the crop and average incomes were done for a particular season. It was established that overall, the incomes from agriculture were low and the HHs noted to have complimentary activities to boost their incomes. Whereas the landscape seemed to be very productive in terms of agricultural products, the per capita production of the HH was low as shown in table for the sampled crops. Crop Quantities harvested Price range (UGX) Beans ½ -2 sacs 15,00-1.2M Cassava ½-30 sacs 15K-90K Coffee 6Kgs-8 Sacs 10K-1.1M Bananas 5-400 bunches 10K-1.5M Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 129

Whereas the area is the food basket for Mbale and most of the Eastern Uganda areas, most of the food produced is mainly for HH consumption hence the low volumes of sales. The main agricultural produce which is old are the yellow bananas and coffee. The coffee is bulked locally and sold to brokers but majority of the farmers sell their coffee through cooperatives. The coffee is mainly for export in the European and American countries but the yellow bananas are sold in the nearby towns in Eastern Uganda and Kampala city. The bananas are also exported to Kenya and they are a major revenue earner for the communities in which the project traverses. The bananas are bulked at major trading centres and these act as market days which are distributed in different days. One anomaly about these markets is that they happen within the roads and RoW. Therefore, the construction of the project ideally means distortion of the market dynamics. Considering the gender aspects of sale, the sale is predominated by the males but also women have overtime become major players in the marketing of the produce and taking on the broker roles.

8.3.2 Enterprises’ profile Housed enterprises The enterprises affected by the RoW are mainly those which are housed and operated on a profit and loss paradigm. These were largely classified into those operated by the owners and those operated by the renters. The owner operated enterprises included assets especially houses which are rented out. A total of 404 were using their structures for rental incomes. Another 180 of the landlords were using their buildings as both rental and other uses. A close scrutiny of the of this category indicates that 23 had business on the structures, another 153 used them exclusively for housing their businesses and another 4 used them partly for rental purposes.

A total of 865 were established to be renters with some form of businesses. 86 among these used the same tenement for both residential and commercial purposes, 764 used them exclusively for commercial purposes and another 15 sublet their tenements from other renters and in a way act as pseudo-landlords. This turns the assets as sources of rental incomes for them.

Enterprises on undeveloped land Also interrogated were the enterprises on the undeveloped on vacant land. It was established that 624 PAPs had income sources and enterprise establishment on the vacant land. Majority of these were mainly engaged in agricultural practices/produce, 6 had livestock, 19 had temporary businesses(mainly comprising of kiosks selling vegetables, HH merchandise, petrol etc), 18 were renting them out to others, 62 had others businesses which included; Boda-boda shade (3), bricklaying (5), agroforestry, nursery bed (2), stalls, stone quarrying and crushing among others.

8.4 Business classification as per the Legal Framework The classification of the businesses as per the legal framework of Uganda indicated that only one business was formally registered. This was the one dealing in the produce as indicated in the income generating activities of the HH. The remaining businesses were operated in an informal manner as per the laws of Uganda. It should be noted that most of the business which pay local tax levy interpreted such payments as a basis of formality but this is not normally the case.

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8.5 Impacts analysis of businesses and other livelihoods on the project A number of impacts were envisaged which negatively impact the affected businesses that exist on NBN. These were partially analyzed under the impacts chapter and but they are further expounded to amplify the business-related impacts as indicated below; 8.5.1 Total business displacement Majority of the businesses especially those categorized as enterprises are totally displaced. A total of 1459 businesses which are operated as enterprises shall be totally displaced. Also included in these are IGAs operated at HH level because majority of the HHs have to relocated with the IGAs.

This in essence means that the PAPs have to restart their businesses in the new area of relocation. Of interest are the ones who are owner occupied since upon displacement, they have to reignite their lives yet for the renters they have options of choosing their preferred sites of relocation.

8.5.2 Partially affected business There are business which are partially affected by the project. These include those which are operated on the vacant land. An estimated total of 687 business especially on the undeveloped/vacant land are expected to be partially affected. Also envisaged are the some IGAs at HH level which are expected to be partially affected. The partial impact of the businesses comes with a number of challenges which vary from business to business depending on their size and their functionality.

8.5.3 Loss of locational value Some of the businesses are location dependent and the proximity to the trading centres makes business sense. The relocation of such businesses without alternative spaces available within the locality (especially in trading centres such as Budadiri) might lead to business losses and in some cases abandonment of the business despite the time spent by the PAPs to gather such skills and experience. Whereas this can come to life, at the moment of writing this report, no PAP had envisaged to experience such impacts but for better livelihood sustenance, all PAPs with businesses will be monitored on how they are progressing after relocation through both the rapid and detailed post compensation approaches adopted by the project as indicated in chapter 14 of this RAP. 8.5.4 Reduction in vigor of business functionality As an impact, it is envisaged that some businesses especially those which are relocated may reduce the business vigor due to location value, loss of customers and venturing into new enterprises among others. This is attributed to the fact they need to set up to their original or even better functionality. Some of the businesses have had traditional customers and they must have established good rapport with them. So moved to the new areas means loss of such customers and it might also take some time to get such customers in order to restore better functionality and business vigor. This may also apply to the business which are partially affected because the movement of people means loss of customers and this may negatively affect the business functionality though not physically. The reduction of business functionality could also be attributed to loss of employment and loss of legacy due to change of location.

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8.5.5 Increased pressure on remaining rental facilities Although the latest real estate statistics in Uganda generally show relatively good supply of housing space in Uganda, displacement of tenants, the situation on NBN given its rural outlook might be different. The tenants might find it hard to find alternative spaces which might increase the pressure on the remaining rental facilities.

The worst-case scenario is envisaged to occur where the landlords decide to divert their compensation awards to other business ventures or even re-establish themselves elsewhere. The later scenario can be attributed to the fact that the land is highly fragmented and already occupied with no signs of the occupants selling off. Even where they are willing to sell off, this might be done at relatively higher costs due to the lucrativeness of the land and the prior knowledge that the buyers have been compensated.

8.5.6 Loss of customers Loss of customers for both partially and fully affected livelihood activities is expected. This may impact their sales volumes and reduction of the customer niches since such services are targeted to a particular clientele. Given the rural setting of NBN, most of the customers are highly dependent on the relationship of the business owner and the community members. Movement means investing more efforts into social capital to see customer accumulation.

8.5.7 Loss of operating space Some space dependent business such as brick making will lose operating space further constraining their operation. The alternative areas of operation seem very few in area since brick making is made by the road side and requires space especially for drying the bricks before they assembled on the kiln for burning.

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Table 8-5: Summary of the Profile of business affected Business category Income Generating activities7 Enterprises8 Both in HH Land premise Within around and HH the around Undeveloped Landlord/non premise house HH land user Landlord/user Tenants Rental Commercial Residential Sub incomes Commercial Rental residential Rental Commercial/Residential Commercial renters 104 622 843 624 383 153 21 23 4 86 764 15 Category Total 843 624 201 865 Overall Total 2533 Facilitatory  Business were assessed as those housed in the  This was  These  Land  Landlords  Landlords  These are tenants who  These  These notes HH premise and those within the courtyard or solely for involved lords who who rent who use the rented premise tenants use are area around the house. Within the house the landlords landlords sublet who reside reside on for bot residence and the premise renters premise, businesses ranged from livestock who built who their on premise the same business exclusively who rearing. Commercial and rentals. their houses operate properties but also building for rent  Business around the house included livestock for renting business in operate tenement business and rearing, agriculture, woodlots, renting out, them out. their own businesses but rent then businesses (retail shopd, repair shops, bulking premises there others ti rent to of agricultural produce, whole sale, brick reside in others laying, eating places, stalls, stone crushing, other tailoring, sale of water and bars among tenements others)

7 These are livelihoods done at household levels and not necessarily run on the principles of business (especially on the profit and loss paradigm as well as expenses incurred). These included those within structures which are primarily used for residence by the owners and those which exist within the extra land around the main residential property 8 These are livelihood activities which are operated on the sole premise of making profit with prospects of expansion and growth. These were further categorized into those which are operated in premises of the owners (Owner-occupied) and those in rented premises.

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8.6 The livelihood restoration and enhancement Plan for affected businesses on NBN. The preparation of the livelihood restoration and enhancement plan is premised on the existing businesses profiling, the extent & Magnitude to which the business are impacted, PAPs’ views on how they want to relocate/re-establish their business and professional expertise in regard to livelihood restoration/enhancement in project induced displacements. It is important note prior to presenting the livelihood restoration and enhancement plan that generally 98.5% of the PAPs preferred cash compensation and they claim to have the ability to relocate themselves. Also in preparation of the livelihood restoration and enhancement plan, a general classification of the business done by the PAPs were done to guide strategic and structural planning for the PAPs mindful of the specificity and unique peculiarities of each. A critical look at the businesses indicated that the livelihood and enhancement initiatives are generally classified into small business9 transition initiative, renter transition initiative and the agricultural transition/enhancement initiative. However there are those interventions which apply to all other initiatives and these have been classified as generic initiatives; 8.6.1 Generic intervention for livelihood restoration and enhancement for business on NBN The livelihood improvements initiatives shall target all PAPs on the project. The livelihood improvement initiatives shall aim at enhancement of the existing livelihood initiatives of the PAPs for better functionality and resilience. The livelihood enhancement initiatives shall also equip all PAPs with the necessary skills and knowledge, which shall enable them, re-ignite or start new business ventures/ options. Some of the initiatives proposed to be implemented on the project include; Compensation at prevailing market prices The affected PAPs especially the landlords who generate incomes from their assets affected by RoW shall be compensated on the prevailing asset rates as determined in the entitlement matrix. This will enable them restore their assets and gain the original functionality.

The disturbance allowances Each PAP on the project shall be awarded a top up of 15% over and above the net value of their assessed property as stipulated in the entitlement matrix. Beyond the PAPs with assets, 15% will also be given licenses as one of the ways to achieve full replacement cost.

Transition period To minimize on the impromptu livelihood disruptions, all PAPs engaged in livelihood activities shall be given a transition period of six months. Allowance shall be given to the PAPs who require more time before they relocate upon their request. The discussions shall be held with the project team to find the most amicable solution.

Salvage rights;

9 Small businesses based on the definition adopted from Public Procurement and Disposal Authority of Uganda (PPDA). According to PPDA, a small enterprise can be defined as an enterprise which employs a maximum of 50 people; annual sales/revenue turnover of maximum Ugandan shillings 360 million and total assets of maximum Ugandan shillings 360 million. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 134

Complimentary to the transition allowance, the PAPs shall be allowed to salvage any materials which they deem of value. This shall complement their efforts in re-establishing their livelihood and also save on the compensation awarded.

Financial literacy Financial literacy shall be done on the NBN project targeting all PAPs and other community members who could be interested in the sessions. Financial literacy trainings shall be conducted mainly to mitigate the possibility of misusing the money especially those who preferred cash compensation. As an income enhancement measure, these literacy sessions shall also aim at empowering the PAPs to make sensible resettlement options. Some of the topics to emphasize in the financial literacy trainings shall include personal behavior towards money, common mistakes about money, establishment of business ventures, how to deal with abrupt cash falls, failure management and managing a business among others. These shall be complemented with other cross cutting issues which might be detrimental to the businesses such as gender issues, culture, conflict management, HIV/AIDs, education and family planning among others.

Special monitoring for the vulnerable PAPs Special monitoring for the more vulnerable during the transition period. This may include negotiating on their behalf for permits to operate businesses from the relevant authorities, officially introducing owners of the affected businesses to their respective areas of relocation etc. These businesses shall also be monitored for a minimum of a year and appropriate mitigation measures shall be put in place in areas where they will be found to be overly constrained.

Access to project employment Consistent to their wishes, UNRA shall advise the successful contractor to give top priority to the PAPs during job allocation on the project during the construction phase. To ensure its realization, UNRA has prescribed minimum requirements for the proportion of local staff that the concessionaire should employ (minimum of 30%). The concessionaire is also required to promote local enterprises in the provision of various goods and services required to support the concessionaire in execution of the project with a requirement that, preference is given to qualifying enterprises along the project corridor. However, prior to the construction of the road, the project together with the community leadership shall; Create awareness on the possible employment opportunities on the project

 Organize the community to develop a vetting mechanism to identify competent employees  Prepare the communities members with the right documentation needed to qualify for employment. 8.6.2 Small business transition initiative; As earlier indicated the business profile, the businesses were generally categorized into formal and informal as far as the legalities are concerned as well the business size as classified by the PPDA. The proposed livelihood initiatives target mainly the informal businesses but where possible, even the one operating formally can tap into these initiatives;

Empowerment

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 Transactional skills empowerment Among the impacts envisaged to the business was the separation between the PAPs from their businesses where the two have been in the same location. This comes with a number of undesired risks as loss of money through transactions, difficult in finding suitable alternatives, look out for documentation of the land when buying, avoiding conmen/women and replacement with more productive land (distance is not a factor when you are empowered with money) among others. All PAPs shall be empowered during the different interactive sessions with skills and techniques which reduce the skills such occurrences. Such skills shall include basics of searching for authenticity of land, negotiation skills, identification of good quality land and fraud detection among others. These shall be done even for the small businesses owners to avoid being conned in the process of re-establishing themselves.

 Select Practice Manage approaches to business management As and above the financial literacy, the PAPs with functional businesses will be taken through the different process involved in Selection, Planning and Management (SPM) of income generating activities/Businesses (SPM-IGA/B). Whereas the financial literacy targets the generic aspects of the business and financial management, the SPM is more of a diagnostic approach towards business entailing a critical reflection of the business owner on the functionality of their business. It will generally entail business mentorship right from the time the business is started until when the business can ably function. The difference between the SPM and Financial literacy (FL) is presented below;

Selection, Planning and Management of income generating activities(SPM-IGA) is a business skilling curriculum designed to capacitate the PAPs with skills to identify, plan and manage micro-enterprise that are appropriate or suitable for their individual circumstance. The training will equip the PAPS with the skills to select micro-enterprise that they will continue to operate after relocation, plan for a successful launch or expansion of the selected micro-enterprise and effectively manage and grow the same enterprise

FL is having the knowledge, skills and confidence to manage personal finances while taking into consideration ones social and economic circumstance. FL training strengthens behaviors that lead to increase savings, more prudent spending and borrowing for sound reasons. Topic covered includes savings, debt management, budgeting, banking services and financial negotiation. FL training is expected to empower the PAPs with the skills, knowledge and confidence to effectively make sound financial decisions (e.g. on receiving the cash compensation), to build some savings, make informed choices between available financial services and products, to plan, budget ahead and invest wisely and prudently. Potential NGOs such as AVSI will be contacted for this assistance on the project to empower the enterprise and other business operators. Some of these shall include; business visioning, financial literacy and SPM based approaches especially the self-diagnosis of the PAPs and their capabilities in the different business spheres

Access to Microfinance from other institutions and government programs

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 The project shall provide the support to PAPs in need of financial services to access them. This support will be provided in different forms, which will include the following;  Recommendation letters or letters of introduction of the PAPs to the relevant bodies  Linkages to credible microfinance institutions  Linking PAPs to different government programs such as wealth creation. 8.6.3 Agricultural transition initiative A number of initiatives are proposed to ensure smooth transition of the agricultural based IGAs and enterprises. These are expounded below;

 Allowance to harvest crops to supplement compensation awards; The PAPs shall be granted permission to harvest their produce after compensation has been affected by the RoW. This shall be complimented with salvaging of any valuable nature-based resource (excluding excavation of any extractive) of commercial value.

 Provision and enhancement of Alternative livelihoods; Small grants shall be given to the PAPs to start small business as alternatives to their agriculturally based livelihoods especially for those who had small plots and are completely affected by the road (this is complementary to the SPM approaches). Also complementary to this is the enhancement of the existing livelihoods to further increase their productivity.

 Skilling of people and credit access to enhance agriculturally based livelihoods; The project shall invest in the skilling of all farmers to enhance their agricultural skills. This shall be in selected agricultural produce done. At the moment, the coffee and bananas will be targeted given their dominance and economic importance to the community. The marketing techniques involved in the process of selling these crops will be emphasized. Also, the production techniques to increase the productivity per unit area shall guide the different interventions. Whereas some of these interventions will be directly funded by the project, there will be deliberate efforts to establish a connection with existing government programs to enable the farmers benefit from the arrangement. Such programs will include National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS), Operation wealth creation, Youth empowerment program and Women Empowerment program among others. The skilling program shall involve training the farmers in alternative income generating activities. Under this the project shall seek strategic partnerships with NGOs and other players who have expertise in livelihood programming. Some of the proposals from the farmers as far as alternative livelihoods is concerned is included initiation of livestock production techniques such as hybrid animals such as Fresian cows. To deal with perceived sense of exclusion, the entire community need to be considered for these trainings. Some PAPs also noted that trainings program has to commence early enough since some PAPs might want leave immediately after compensation and miss such training.

 Formation of infrastructure to enable farmer bulking

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Bulking and selling forms one of the major components of the farming value chain on the project. The coffee value chain is well developed in the area since most of the farmers subscribe to cooperatives. However, for fresh produce the community still use trading centers as the bulking points. It is important that as a complementary initiative for the project to develop some of these marketing centers into permanent ones. This should be done in consultation with the local district authorities especially on the possibility of providing land on which the structures can be developed. Also to be considered will be the participatory design of the markets to accommodate the interests of the local users.

 Securing of animal movement permits It is mandatory for any Ugandan to get an animal movement permit if they are to remove an animal from one place to another as dictated by the guidelines for import, export and transit of animals and animal products in Uganda. To facilitate the PAPs established to have livestock and they are displaced, the project will work with the local authorities to ensure that such permits are awarded since the area is currently not under any quarantine. This will require securing of the permits three days prior to movement from the department of veterinary services at the district or subcounty. Also the PAPs will be facilitated in securing the veterinary health certificate attesting to the health status of the animal and fitness to move. 8.6.4 Renter transition initiative The sociology of renters in the area indicates that majority of the renters are highly ambulatory and can move from one place to another even without project disruption. This noted however, some renters overstay in places and forge a life in such places. Findings on ground indicate that from the time of project announcement, the rental dynamics were distorted and majority of the renters have voluntarily moved from the premises affected by the RoW and sought alternative spaces elsewhere.

A diagnosis of the renters businesses which are affected indicates that, they are generally small in nature and constrained in terms of finding alternative spaces within the trading centres since the alternatives are minimal. The following are proposed as the measures to facilitate the transition of the renters.

 Support to finding alternative spaces; The project together with the local leadership shall work hand in hand with the renters to avail the necessary pre-requisites to enable smooth shifting to new places. Such may include recommendation and referral letters to the new places.

 Transition support As a means of supporting all renters to transition well, every business renter shall be entitled to a three months’ rent-free allowance as facilitation to assist them in their relocation. The support is intended to support the enterprises raise enough money for transportation and other shifting costs as well as contribution of payment for rent in the new places. The project will compel their landlords to grant them three months’ rent-free period before the landlords salvage their property.

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8.7 Implementation framework of the livelihood restoration and enhancement plan For purposes of implementation of livelihood restoration and enhancement plan, two aspects, that is budget and resources are considered as expounded below; 8.7.1 Budget and Resources

Resources The logistics and human resources shall be provided by the project. The implementation of this livelihood restoration plan shall base on the existing project resources within UNRA as stipulated in the implementation chapter 13. Important to note however;  The project shall partner with interested partners in implementation of the proposed livelihood initiatives. Presently UNRA has good working relationships with NGOs such as MAFOC which could implement some of the initiatives.  The project shall also establish partnerships with different agencies especially those which are government led to implement the different constituents of the initiatives.  The project shall where possible encourage the communities to have in-kind support towards the proposed initiatives. For example in agriculture, they could consider offering labour, during trainings, they can offer training spaces etc.

Budget for livelihood restoration and enhancement An overall budget for livelihood restoration and enhancement is estimated at 1,440,000,000 (One billion Four hundred and Forty million shillings) The breakdown of the budget is provided for in table 8-6 Table 8-6: showing the summarised budget and target recipients Livelihood Target Proposed livelihood restoration/ Estimated Budget notes restoration and number Enhancement initiatives Budget Enhancement Initiatives General 2533 Compensation at Market Rates; Part of the valuation report strategies for compensation to be done as per the IOL and entitlement matrix livelihood to enable replacement of affected enhancement business initiatives The disturbance allowance; Every Part of the valuation report business to be given 15% disturbance and entitlement matrix allowance as and above the actual value of the affected assets Transition period; every business to be Part of the valuation report given 6 months as transition allowance and entitlement matrix after payment Ensure that all PAPs are granted salvage Part of the valuation report rights and entitlement matrix Empowerment; All PAPs to be given 400,000,000 financial literacy and business programming sessions Special monitoring of the vulnerable 30,000,000 Monitoring of the PAPs during the transition period and vulnerable PAPs and the those who might become vulnerable restoration process of their due to project intervention livelihoods

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Agricultural transition initiative 1065 Empowerment with production and 600,000,000 agribusiness skills especially for farmers targeting the banana and coffee farming systems. 1065 Allowance to harvest crops to supplement compensation awards 1487 Provision and enhancement of 100,000,000 Alternative livelihoods; Small business 1909 Empowerment through the Selection, 300,000,000 transition Planning and Management of income initiative generating activities (SPM-IGA) approaches Support to access to Microfinance institutions and government programmes Formation of infrastructure-based To be costed under the bulking complimentary initiatives programme Renter 865 Transition support for renters; The 10,000,000 Costs for monitoring and Transition renters will be granted 3 rent free enforcement of the renter initiative months to facilitate their relocation initiatives Support to finding alternative spaces TOTAL ESTIMATE 1,440,000,000

8.7.2 Gender Considerations in Implementation of the Livelihood restoration and enhancement plan A number of gender issues have been considered in crafting this livelihood restoration plan. Some of the inclusion principles shall include;  Ensuring a balanced ratio of participation between men and women (50-50) in all the activities  Inclusion of the women-based interests during programming of specific livelihood interventions  Engagement of men to allow their wives to attend the sessions for livelihood restoration and enhancement.  Scheduling of livelihood restoration and enhancement activities in appropriate times to reduce on the would-be conflict between men and women  Empower women with life skills especially those related decision-making and negotiation among others.

8.8 COMPLIMENTARY INITIATIVES The RAP recommends a number of complimentary initiatives that have been designed to enable PAPs and project communities to fully benefit from the project. These initiatives go beyond restoration of incomes and economic activities for PAPs to also improve capacity in relation to human, social, financial, physical/infrastructural and natural resources. These are designed to benefit PAPs both at household and community level and they are largely based on the public and community priorities of the area in which the proposed project lies. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 140

The proposed initiatives have been developed in consultation with the affected communities, district stakeholders, NGOs/CSOs and the African Development Bank, during the May 2020 virtual pre-appraisal mission. Aware that that these are just support measures to allow affected communities to maximize project benefits, the RAP has only considered for areas of critical need as elaborated below: 8.8.1 Improvement of common markets The districts of Sironko and Mbale tender five roadside markets with a few makeshift structures for Mutufu market and a few permanent shops in Buwalasi. Other markets are found in Bugusege, Buyobu, and Salarira. The markets are operated on sub-county land and they mainly deal in fresh produce. The road partially displaces their area of operation and this will have significant implications on their sales and business returns. At construction stage, the traders might still not have proper access to these markets because of diversions and interruptions of the construction works. These are weekly markets and they attract many traders across Elgon region and the neighboring countries.

One of the common markets operating on the road fringes. Since the project area serves as the food basket of the region, it is prudent that business must continue even during construction of the road. As a livelihood enhance initiative, UNRA in consultation with the traders and local authorities will construct low-cost market stalls around the 5 major market centers and also fit them public sanitary facilities to improve the operation

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 141 conditions of the PAPs. Further detailed engagement will be done with sub-county leaders on the allocation of land for construction of new market sites. 8.8.2 Construction of produce storage facilities. Beyond the market stalls, the project shall also priorities construction of two produce storage along the project area where the farmers can bulk their produces and sell in an organized manner in their respective market stalls. One market should be established along Namagumba-Budadiri stretch and another one along Budadiri-Nalugugu stretch. These shall majorly serve as storage facilities, and where possible, they could be fitted with cooling systems, since most of the produces are perishables.

Common produces in along the project stretch 8.8.3 Rehabilitation of the Nakizira gravity flow scheme The gravity flow scheme is located in Namanyonyi sub county. The sub county suffers water shortage most of the time as the water doesn’t easily flow downstream. The water source uphill needs to be boosted. Access water points can also be provided for the affected communities in the project area. This particular initiative was proposed by the district authorities at Mbale as a critical need where the project can intervene. Other complimentary initiatives such as provision of vocational skilling programs, agricultural improvement and diversification among others have been provided for under the livelihood enhancement programs.

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The total cost estimates for implementation of complimentary initiatives is UGX 1,750,000,000 (One Billion, Seven Hundred and Fifty thousand Million shillngs only) Table 8-7 Cost Estimates for Complementary Initiatives # ITEM Quantity Unit of Rate per Amount Measure Acre (U.Shs) 1 Construction of basic market 5 Markets 100,000,000 500,000,000 stall 2 Purchase of land for 2 Acres 100,000,000 200,000,000 construction of storage facilities 2 Construction of produce storage 2 Storage 200,000,000 400,000,000 facilities facility 3 Rehabilitation of gravity flow 5 Water 500,000,000 500,000,000 scheme source 4 Construction Supervision of 3 Lump 150,000,000 construction of markets, storage sum facilities and water source Total 1, 750,000,000

8.8.4 Required Actions Considering the limited timelines for finalization of the RAP report, these initiatives have not been fully tested and the RAP proposes that detailed studies are carried out to determine the feasibility of the initiatives in terms of providing actual solutions to the recurring challenges in the project areas/communities. In addition, all the proposed interventions are being implemented by other government agencies and departments, and there is need for further consultations with government bodies on the implementation framework for the different project. Similarly, the cost estimation for the proposed initiatives also require expert input and this necessitates further engagements.

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9.0 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND PROFILING 9.1 Introduction OS 2 of the Banks’s Integrated safeguards System emphasizes the need to protect the physical, social and economic integrity of vulnerable groups. In the context of resettlement, vulnerable groups Vulnerable PAPs are those likely to be adversely affected by the project impacts and/or more limited than others in their ability to take advantage of a project’s benefits. Such an individual/group is also more likely to be excluded from/unable to participate fully in the mainstream consultation process and as such may require specific measures and/or assistance to do so In determining the vulnerability status, OS 1 lays focus on a group’s likelihood of facing harder conditions as a result of the project, owing to such factors as gender, economic status, ethnicity, religion, cultural behavior, sexual orientation, language or health condition. Depending on the specific context of the project, vulnerable groups may thus include female headed households, those below the poverty line; the landless, some categories of children (orphans, homeless), marginalized social groups and indigenous peoples, those without legal title to assets; ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities; and those who are physically handicapped. Where groups are identified as vulnerable, the borrower or client implements appropriate differentiated measures so that unavoidable adverse impacts do not fall disproportionately on these vulnerable groups, so that they are not disadvantaged in sharing development benefits and opportunities (such as roads, schools, and health care facilities). This RAP has identified, and also consulted with vulnerable PAPs on the several differentiated measures to minimize risk of exposure to harm and maximize project benefits to the vulnerable groups. 9.2 Objectives of vulnerability assessment The identification and assessment of vulnerable groups and assistance measures aimed at: 1. Identify, categorize and prioritize Vulnerable PAP households; 2. Ensure that vulnerable PAP households and members’ voices are heard and integrated into RAP planning and implementation through stakeholder engagements; 3. Identify potential vulnerability risks, impacts, drivers and recommend appropriate mitigation measures 4. Prepare and put in place special assistance measures for vulnerable PAP households; 5. Establish a profile of vulnerability among PAPs to enable future monitoring 9.3 Approach to Vulnerability assessment To avoid the risk of missing out certain categories of vulnerability among PAPs, thus providing ground for exposure to harm by the project, an integrated approach was adopted to understand, categorize, consult and determine interventions for vulnerable PAPs. A summary approach to vulnerability assessment is presented in figure 9-1 below.

Figure 9-1 Vulnerability Identification and Assessment Framework for NBN

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9.3.1 Vulnerability Identification Vulnerability identification and mapping for the project was done through three (3) major RAP processes i.e, stakeholder engagements, Asset assessment (Inventory of loss) and baseline socio- economic studies. Stakeholder consultation and participation A comprehensive strategy for the identification and consultation of vulnerable groups was developed as part of the Stakeholder Engagement Plan. Public consultations were held at the subcounty and district level to understand the presence of vulnerable groups and persons, drivers of vulnerability and why a particular group of persons may be classified and categorized as vulnerable. Community engagement at parish and community levels using standard talking points were also conducted. Q&A sessions were also conducted to partly establish the vulnerability levels of the project affected persons. NGOs and CSOs also provided guiding information on vulnerability, in addition to offering lists of vulnerable PAPs within the project area. The idea was to identify and map out all vulnerable groups (Women, Men, Children, Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVCs), Youth, PWDs, elderly etc.); consult over drivers that lead to the different vulnerabilities among the different social groups; and establish how these factors might prevent Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 145 them from making decisions that positively impact on their lives as well as enable them to meaningfully participate in all project activities.

Attention was also drawn how to use productive assets such as land and other community resources and the implications for resettlement planning. Consultation also enabled the formulation of mitigation measures including special assistance that can be extended to such vulnerable groups. Asset Assessment and Inventory of Loss Vulnerable groups were also identified through the detailed asset inventory and valuation. As land surveyors went about identification of inventory of loss, they would also identify potential vulnerable PAPs and Households, recorded and submitted their particulars to the social team for detailed verification of the vulnerability status. Baseline Socio-Economic assessment. As part of baseline socio-economic study, vulnerability assessment was undertaken to identify the different categories of vulnerability, drivers and how these might translate into disproportionate impacts for PAPs. Information on vulnerable groups/persons was obtained through household socio-economic survey, using a structured tool that contained standard vulnerability assessment indicators. Findings of the Household socio-economic survey show that 38% (359) of households have vulnerable people and 23% (217) have more than one vulnerable person. The major vulnerability reported are; elderly (39%) and 59% of these are females. 9.3.2 Vulnerability Screening and Verification The screening and verification exercise was undertaken mainly to confirm the eligibility of vulnerable Households, groups or persons in the project area. Vulnerability verification involved screening of all data collected during socio-economic studies and asset inventory with a view of mapping out the “vulnerable categories involving household heads”. While the presence of other vulnerable members within the household is key in compounding differentiated assistance measures, vulnerability categories involving household heads was treated as the primary basis for determining vulnerability at household level.

Further assessment was undertaken to determine whether the identified vulnerable HHs heads were indeed vulnerable, using standard vulnerability assessment indicators. Through detailed assessment, the number of PAPs further reduced 47 as elaborated under annex 1 of this RAP. As it can be identified in the data sets, many of the vulnerability cases identified were related to daily sicknesses, and not terminal illnesses that could qualify for special attention in the RAP. other cases of vulnerability that were recorded in the data sets involved other household members, visitor and not the HHs themselves.

9.3.3 Vulnerability Categorization and Determination of Mitigations Vulnerability categorization is such an important activity in the attempt to prioritize interventions for PAPs. In this RAP, vulnerability status has been categorized as low, medium or high. The categorization is mainly dependent on the PAP’s ability to utilize cash compensation to restore to affected property and livelihoods. Subsequently, differentiated resettlement and livelihood restoration initiatives/measures have been developed basing on the level of severity of the vulnerability situation.

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Low: PAP is physically and mentally strong to manage self-resettlement despite possessing some vulnerability indicators. Medium: PAP is both physically and mentally weak to support self-resettlement but has got strong family support network High: The PAP is physically and mentally weak and does not have any support network. The PAP may also be marginalized and at risk of losing compensation money to fraud or family disputes. The detailed vulnerability analysis and categorization matrix for the Project as Anne 2. 9.4 Vulnerability Assistance Measures The RAP has established differentiated measures/initiatives to address different categories of vulnerability. The type of assistance provided for PAP HHs, varied depending on the nature and severity of vulnerability of a given PAP HHs and they include among others: - mobility assistance, financial literacy, sensitization and psychosocial support, assistance to acquire letters of administration, Assistance to open up bank accounts, vocational skilling, follow up and monitoring among others. The implementation of the vulnerability assistance measures will be carried out in 4 phases: Phase 1. Pre-compensation phase Phase 2: Compensation phase: Phase 3: Physical resettlement phase: Phase 4: Post compensation and resettlement phase

Pre-compensation phase The pre-construction phase will involve preparation of vulnerable households to receive compensation and resettlement packages. Thus, the project will provide the vulnerable households with the following services;  Continuous consultation and engagements: The UNRA RAP team will continue to engage and sensitize vulnerable households about project benefits and the established mitigations against any potential negative impacts of the project. As part of consultations, the RAP will disclose all the proposed interventions to the various categories of vulnerable PAPs/Households and seek their feedback.  Psycho-social support: In addition to continuous engagements, specialized psycho-social support will be extended to the vulnerable PAPs to prepare them about the project impacts and how they can be managed by the PAPs themselves.

To implement this activity, UNRA will collaborate with existing institutions and NGOs that are already providing this support in this area to provide psycho-social services to all the vulnerable PAPs. Mbale Area Federation of Communities (MAFOC) in particular, provides psycho-social support to the vulnerable groups in the area and the project can leverage on their experience to offer similar or better services to the vulnerable PAPs/HHs. A memorandum of understanding shall be prepared to define the collaboration mechanism with the NGO.

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 Provision of legal aid services. To assist vulnerable PAPs to obtain legal documentation necessary for processing compensation entitlements.  IVD done at home: Since many vulnerable PAPs are advanced in age, sick or weak to traverse distances, the RAP shall undertake the identification, verification and disclosure services at the various residences of vulnerable PAPs

 Opening Bank accounts: The RAP Team shall support the vulnerable PAPs to open up bank accounts in the banks of their own choices within their own homes. UNRA shall engage with different banks and ask them to extend banking services to the vulnerable PAPs without them having to move to the banks. Compensation Phase:  Priority consideration for vulnerable PAPs: the RAP implementation team will provide priority consideration vulnerable categories when processing compensation  Mobility assistance: This will include purchase of a wheelchair for the PAP who is physically disabled  Working together with their preferred family members in processing their compensation.  Vocational skills training: This targeted vulnerable Households having children who have dropped out of school. In this RAP, approximately 30 No. PAPs will be supported with vocational skills through a collaborative working network with the Mbale Area Federation of Communities (MAFOC) that is currently providing similar services to the vulnerable groups in the area.

Physical resettlement phase: The RAP has identified Six (6) PAPs eligible for physical resettlement. The criteria for selection of the PAPs and physical resettlement procedure is provided under section 10.

Post compensation and Resettlement Phase: a) Financial literacy and other livelihoods restoration training: While financial literacy has been identified across cutting intervention for all PAPs along the ROW, extra effort including providing training at the various homes of vulnerable PAP shall be emphasized;

b) Linking them to other partners where they can get specialized services such as government development programs, Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and other private organizations. The RAP has already identified some NGOs such the Mbale Area Federation of Communities (MAFOC) which operates in 3 sub-counties i.e.; Buwalasi, Buyobo, & Buwasa, and two town councils of Bugusege and Budadiri along the project area; Mothers at Risk and Child Development Center with operations in Makuyo, Buyobo & Mutuufu;

c) Priority consideration for employment in project-related activities.

d) Follow up and monitoring to ensure that vulnerable PAPs who have received compensation awards either by themselves or through their relatives and friends have been able to reinstate their affected property and livelihoods.

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9.5 Budget for Vulnerability Assistance Measures The Vulnerability Assistance Measures will cost U. Shs 78,500,000/= (Seventy Eight Million, Five hundred thousand shillings only) as presented in the table 9-1 below.

Table 9-1: Budget for Vulnerability Assistance Measures # Vulnerability Assistance Number of Unit of Rate Amount Implementation Criteria Measures PAP HHs Measure (U. Shs) 1 Mobility Support 1 Number 700,000 1,500,000 Procurement (Purchase of Wheel Chair) 2 Vocational Training 30 People 1,000,000 30,000,000 UNRA in joint (Startup Kit and partnership with MAFOC facilitation NGO. A memorandum of Understanding (MoU) shall be signed to formalize the partnership 3 Legal Services 47 Number 1,000,000 47,000,000 Provisional sum and will be spent only when need arises. 4 Financial Literacy 47 Number To be covered under the general livelihood interventions under chapter 8 TOTAL 78,500,000

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10.0 PHYSICAL RESETTLEMENT 10.1 Introduction Recognizing that some categories of PAPs might be disproportionately impacted by the different project sub-components, a detailed physical resettlement plan has been prepared to addresses the resettlement challenges of particularly the vulnerable groups/persons. In consistence with the LARMS, this RAP has only considered the highly vulnerable PAPs whose primary residences are affected by the project and the physically displaced PAPs who have made choices for in-kind resettlement. in other unique circumstances, the female headed households with “absentee husbands” have also been considered for physical resettlement. Because of the fragmented nature of settlements in the project area, community resettlement may be difficult implement on the project. in many instances, the remaining portions of land cannot support construction of replacement housing and this RAP has provided deliberate actions to assist the “high risk” vulnerable PAPs in the selection of resettlement sites, the acquisition process and the actual construction of resettlement houses. The project area also exhibits high levels of social integration and most of the PAPs are living as extended families or clan pattern arrangements. To maintain the kinship and social support networks, access to social services and facilities PAPs will be encouraged to negotiate and acquire land within their respective families and clan boundaries. 10.2 Eligibility for Physical resettlement The criteria for identification of PAPs for physical resettlement coincides with the approach that was adopted for overall vulnerability assessment in the preceding section. A combination of factors were used to determine the most at risk population within the project area. These are considered to lack abilities to use cash compensation for physical relocation by themselves. The following criteria has been applied in the identification and selection of PAPs for physical resettlement. v. Affected property is primary residence for the vulnerable PAP vi. Households whose primary place of residence is located within the project corridor but whose remaining/residual piece of land is not enough to enable construction of their replacement houses vii. Physically displaced PAP household willing to accept in-kind resettlement viii. Vulnerability including:  Household head is female, elderly and living alone and or mentally/physically unstable  Household head is a child with no immediate and known guardians “to act in best interests of the child” in the community  Household head who is disabled  Lack of family and other social support networks  Physically displaced PAP household expressing interest in-kind resettlement;  Households with absentee husbands Eligibility for physical resettlement was not based on single criteria, but a combination of factors that compound vulnerability.

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Physical resettlement will mainly take 2 forms 1) Land for Land replacement, and 2) Land & replacement house.

Of the 47 PAPs who were identified as vulnerable, 6 were categorized as “high risk” and have been considered for physical resettlement. Baseline socio-economic survey also indicated that 2% (14) expressed interest in in-kind resettlement. Upon further assessment of their resettlement choices through Telephone interviews, it was identified that 6 PAPs preferred cash compensation for the various reasons as indicated in table 10-2. Six (6) PAPs did not respond, and Two (2) maintained their preference for physical resettlement, for which one (1) had been classified vulnerable and already considered for physical resettlement. Therefore, the total no. of PAPs for Physical resettlement is Six (6).

10.3 The Physical Resettlement Process Many activities leading to physical resettlement of PAPs have not yet been undertaken and will be prepared as addendum reports to this RAP. In this sub-section, we indicate the activities that have been completed thus far and also provide of a framework to guide the finalization of documentation and actual implementation of physical of physical resettlement. 10.3.1 Stakeholder participation and consultation This shall take place at 4 levels: Level1: Consultation with vulnerable PAPs and Households: The RAP has already sought the opinions of the vulnerable PAPs on the various resettlement options and all the 5 PAPs preferred the physical resettlement. The RAP Team shall continuously seek participation of all the vulnerable people throughout the physical resettlement process, including identification of resettlement sites, preferred model houses, and alternative land for PAPs who are only losing land. Level 2: Consultations and engagements with Landowners. In the spirit of promoting in community resettlement, conceived to offer resettlement households living conditions at least equivalent to those previously enjoyed in addition to benefitting from the existing community services such as health, school, and market facilities amidst the severe land fragmentation in the project area, the RAP team will plan more deliberate meetings to support vulnerable PAPs whose remaining pieces of land cannot support internal resettlement. Meetings with landowners of identified resettlement sites will be held for awareness creation, emphasis of the need to community resettlement, and consultation on the purchase process of resettlement sites Level3 : Meetings with host communities; to create awareness and share information about the project Level 4: Meetings with other interested stakeholders; these may be National, District and Sub- county and NGOs and CSOs for awareness creation on physical resettlement planning process

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10.3.2 Selection of Resettlement Sites This RAP is keen at promoting in-community resettlement and working together with PAPs, to identify their preferred resettlement sites. Working together with the vulnerable PAPs or their representatives and local council leaders, the RAP team will identify and agree on site locations that have the following minimum requirements

 comparable or better locational than the PAP’s existing location  proximity to the location of the affected property to ensure that social networks are maintained and linkage to livelihoods where possible. The RAP team facilitate engagements among the families and clans to enable acquisition of land within the given familial and clan cluster to enable continuity of social and family support networks.  existence of basic social services (education, water, heath and security); acceptable environmental conditions to the PAPs. 10.3.3 Survey and valuation of Resettlement sites The identified sites will be surveyed in a participatory manner in the presence of the respective local leaders, entitled PAHs, host communities, and landowners that have consented and are willing to sale land to Government of Uganda. The identified resettlement sites will be assessed and their market values returned to guide government in the purchase of these sites. The International Valuation Standards (2020) define Market Value is the estimated amount for which an asset or liability should exchange on the valuation date between a willing buyer and a willing seller in an arm’s length transaction, after proper marketing and where the parties had each acted knowledgeably, prudently and without compulsion. Detailed survey and valuation report will be prepared to aid purchase of resettlement sites and acquisition of security of tenure. 10.3.4 Preparation of model houses The model houses proposed in this RAP are an upgrade of the current structures of PAPs. All the vulnerable PAPs identified in this RAP are living in mad and wattle houses that are dilapidated and visibly unravelling. This RAP therefore recommends a typical two-bedroom house with a sitting room. In addition, a stand-alone kitchen block and a pit latrine will be constructed. 10.3.5 Preparation of architectural drawings The architectural drawings and the model resettlement house are to be developed under a separate report of physical resettlement. The report will also detail the bills of quantities for each resettlement. A resettlement house contractor and a supervising consultant will be procured during the RAP implementation stage. 10.3.6 Land acquisition for Resettlement sites UNRA shall acquire all the resettlement sites for the eligible vulnerable PAPs. The purchase of the sites will be informed by the detailed survey and valuation report will be prepared as part of the survey and valuation exercise 10.3.7 Security of Tenure Best practices require that households that have been supported with physical resettlement are also assured of security of tenure. Therefore, all physically resettled PAPs will be provided

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 152 with security of tenure for their property. As such, the RAP Team will ensure that certificates of land title are processed in the names of the beneficiaries for physical resettlement. 10.3.8 Construction of resettlement Houses Resettlement houses shall be constructed prior to commencement of civil works. The RAP recommends additional facilities such as a kitchen block, and latrine facilities for all the beneficiaries of physical resettlement

10.4 Budget Estimates for Physical Resettlement Physical Resettlement activities will cost U. Shs 387,500,000 (Three hundred and Five Million) as presented in table 10-1 below

Table 10-1 cost estimates for Physical Resettlement # ITEM No. of Unit of Quantity Rate per Amount PAPs Measure Acre (U.Shs) 1 Purchase of replacement Land 1 Acres 0.15 100,000,000 15,000,000 2 Purchase resettlement site 2 Acres 0.30 100,000,000 30,000,000 2 Survey and Titling of 3 Sites 2,500,000 Resettlement Sites 7,500,000 3 Construction of Resettlement 5 Houses 55,000,000 Housing & Contractor's Fees 275,000,000 4 Supervision of Resettlement Lump Housing Construction sum 60,000,000 Total 387,500,000

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11.0 GENDER EQUITY ANALYSIS FOR THE PROJECT 11.1 Introduction The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda under Article 21 guarantees equality of all persons under the law in all spheres of political, social and cultural life and the enjoyment of equal protection by the law. The Government of the Republic of Uganda recognizes the need to expand opportunities for men, women, boys and girls not only as a human right but also as a means for sustainable inclusive development. This is noted and manifested from the gender responsive legal and policy environment aimed at reducing gender inequalities and vulnerabilities across different social, political and economic spheres. The AfDB’s OS2 reinforces the provisions of the Constitution by providing specific direction on how gender issues are to be handled in the course of the project. With respect to gender vulnerability, OS2 emphasizes the need to involve both that Women’s groups and men’s groups in resettlement planning, management and operations, and in job creation and income generation. The operation safeguards also require the RAP to include a specific protocol specifying safeguards for the quality and quantity of land to be allocated for women, especially widows and divorcees, to ensure their means to generate income and achieve food security. Husbands and wives, unmarried women, and elderly sons and daughters are explicitly included as eligible for compensation, including compensation for loss of land, shelter, livelihoods and any other privately owned

11.2 Institutional effort to promote Gender Equity and Mainstreaming UNRA has taken major strides in mainstreaming gender in all its operations and project interventions. UNRA’s Environment and Safeguard Policy highlights key salient gender related aspects that must be implemented at institutional level and by all its stakeholder. Specifically, a procedure on gender mainstreaming and social inclusion has been incorporated in UNRA’s Environment and Social Management Systems. In line with AfDB’s operational safeguards and UNRA’s gender equity strategy, gender and equity profiling was conducted during preparation for this RAP. Both quantitative (structured HH tool) and qualitative (gender disaggregated FGDs) methods were utilised to collect gender disaggregated data to enable impact analysis and subsequent formulation of gender awakened mitigations. The RAP team with the support of the community local leaders conducted a gender analysis with the selected communities along Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu project.

11.3 Gender Analysis for the Project The purpose of the gender analysis was to understand the prevailing development problems in the project area, existing opportunities and the consequence of accessibility limitations to control over the economic resources for both women and men. It was further conducted to understand the gender roles within the project area and their impact on the various project activities, timelines, the general well-being and the livelihoods of the project affected communities. This would in the end provide measures to ensure that the women and men receive equitable compensation for assets and share equitably in the related livelihood support programs. The analysis was conducted under the three Gender frameworks namely; (i) Activity Profile

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(ii) Access and control profile and, (iii) The influencing factors

(i) Gender Activity Profile The activity profile identified the triple roles in terms of reproductive work, productive work, and activities that are performed by men/ boys, girls and women at the household and community levels. These roles were investigated by asking; who does what in a household, when and why it is done.

Table 11-1: Activity Profile across Gender Activities Women/ Men/ Comments/ Response from participants Girls Boys Productive Activities Farming Bush clearing ✔ ✔ All household members are involved to quicken the process Tilling ✔ ✔ All members of the household are involved to quicken the process Planting ✔ The men assume that this is women’s work since they are not around most of the time Weeding ✔ This is done by the women and girls as men don’t like the process of bending during weeding Spraying ✔ This is done by the men and boys as energy is needed for the heavy containers used Mulching ✔ ✔ All are involved to quicken the process

Harvesting ✔ ✔ Both Gender are involved and labor is also hired to quicken the selling process Harvest transporting ✔ ✔ Both Gender are involved. The women carry the harvest on their heads while the men carry on their backs. Sometimes the motorcycles are hired to help during the transportation Drying ✔ The men are not involved because of the dust

Processing seeds ✔ It is a long process which is managed by the women

Storage ✔ The packaging and organization of the seeds is done by the women Selling ✔ This is done by the men as they have bargaining power and access to markets. In instances where women are involved in the selling, the money is given to the men Livestock farming Grazing and fetching ✔ This is considered as an activity for the women water for the animals Selling of the livestock ✔ The men have quick access to the markets. Instances where the women are involved, the money is given to the men Business/Trading Brokering ✔ Men have networks compared to the women

Storage ✔ Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 155

✔ To sustain the family and get some cheap capital. Produce selling ( bananas, vegetables) Selling of clothes ✔ ✔ Done by both gender for sustainability

Tailoring ✔ This is majorly done by the women and most of them get loans from the bank to engage in this House hold chores Cleaning ✔ ✔ This is majorly done by the girls and the boys in the households Cooking ✔ This is majorly done by the women though sometimes the boys also cook Looking after children ✔ This is considered a women activity

Fetching firewood/water ✔ ✔ This is done by everyone

Washing utensils ✔ This is done by the girls and women

Washing clothes ✔ This is done by the women

Taking children to ✔ It is majorly the women who do this as the men are school engaged in other activities Taking children to ✔ The women are engaged in this as they are also the ones church who always go to church Looking after the ✔ Women do this husband Ironing and laying of the ✔ The men leave this for the women bed Taking children to ✔ The women take the children to hospital as the men are hospital looking for money Paying schools fees ✔ This is done by men though some women also pay school fees Community work Attending church/ ✔ ✔ Both gender attend and involve themselves in church church work work Attending Burials ✔ ✔ Both attend. As the women are involved in the cooking, the men are in charge of digging the pit and burial Community meetings ✔ As the women stay home most of the time, the meetings are attended by the men as they are always held in the trading centers Clan meetings ✔ ✔ These are attended by both as there’s a lot of attachment to the clans Cleaning of wells ✔ The men do this as it comes with slashing around the whole area.

From the focus group discussions that were conducted, it is clearly indicated that men, boys, women & girls are engaged in different activities both at household level (substance) and commercial (income generating). It was also observed that as most of the women’s day to day Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 156 activities happen within the household and generally don’t attract much monetary value compared to the men who are more involved in productive work which generates income and usually takes place outside the households. It was noted that both men and women get involved in the productive activities. The women however are more involved in activities that do not require so much energy compared to the men. Farming is considered as the primary activity and source of income for the people along Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu. According to the baseline findings, at least everybody is involved in farming. Women are solely involved at 24%, followed by all Household members at 19% and 16% specifically for both men and women. The men are least involved in farming because they are more involved in other activities that are monetary in nature compared to the women. Baseline Statistics at household level indicate that 44% of men are involved in income generating activities beyond the household, while only 17% of the women work outside their homes for an income. It is further noted that despite the women’s involvement in the farm related activities, they are also greatly involved in the household chores which include among others; the general family care, cooking, washing utensils, fetching water& firewood, cleaning and taking the children to school and church The data reveals that both women and men are involved in marketing of produce. This implies that there is support from each other during marketing and the displacement of markets will affect both men and women. The people are involved in trading during the weekly markets of Buwalasi, Buyobu, Bugusege, Buweri, Mutufu and Salarila which mainly deal in produce. The daily market of Budaidiri is also majorly occupied by women. The pre- IVD sensitization meetings should not be conducted on market days because participation may be limited.

Women marketing produces Despite the fact that women are more involved in farming activities, marketing produce, as much as men, when it comes to using financial resources, it is the men (40%) that take lead Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 157 within the HH. The data shows that only 26% of women are able to use the finances from the different income sources. One of the female participants emphasized that; “In instances where the women are involved in selling of any agricultural produce or livestock, the money is still given to the men for accountability. When it comes to buying basic necessities, men are highly responsible at 49% although women also participate at 26% and jointly at 17%. This implies that men are still controlling the way money is spent in a home. Engagements should target families that stand a risk of misusing the cash compensation through financial literacy, engaging women during the identification, verification and disclosure exercise, opening of joint accounts and physical resettlement. This is to mitigate husbands spending the compensation award on issues that do not benefit the entire family instead of replacement of the lost property. From the discussion, it was realized that both the men and women generally participate in the community work which includes among others; attending church and church related activities, burials and the clan meetings. This was also observed as both men and women, including girls and boys have been attending the consultations meetings. The chart below shows the responsibility in attending meetings.

(ii) Access and Control profile An analysis of the gender access and control was also carried out to assess the accessibility of women and men to resources, the benefits households have and who controls the use of these resources. Access generally relates to the opportunity to make use of the available resources and the power to decide on how they are used.

Table 11-2: Gender Access and control profile Resources Men Control Comments /Remarks

Men Women A C A C Land ✔ ✔ ✔ × Most of the land in the project area is customary and owned majorly by men. The women can have access to this land but have no control over it Sewing machines Since its the women who are majorly involved ✔ × ✔ ✔ in the sewing activity, they also have influence when it comes to controlling them Rentals × ✔ × × Since having the rentals is not a common occurrence, when available the men have control over them but in most cases they belong to the children Coffee processing ✔ ✔ ✔ × In case the women need to use the machine, machine they have to ask from the men. They cannot have total control over it Computer ✔ ✔ × × These are seen as equipment for the men

Television ✔ ✔ ✔ × The Television can be watched by all but the controlled by the man Solar panel ✔ × ✔ ×

Motorcycle ✔ ✔ ✔ × The women can borrow but cannot put it as a loan security Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 158

Bicycle ✔ ✔ ✔ × It can be borrowed by a woman but cannot be used as security for a loan Furniture ✔ ✔ ✔ × Can be used by all but its heavily controlled by the men Radio ✔ ✔ ✔ × Can be used by all but the control is by the men. The men are also the ones who mostly listen to the radios Telephone ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Everyone has access and control of their own phones Tree cutting ✔ ✔ × × These are accessed and controlled by men as machine they are the ones involved in the tree cutting activity Vehicle ✔ ✔ ✔ × In case the women wants to use the vehicle, they can seek permission from the men, but they have no control over it Water pump ✔ ✔ ✔ × The women can freely use it but with permission from the men

From the gender access and control analysis, it was observed that both the women and men in the project area have access to resources. In some instances, however, it is the men who have control over the use of some big resources/ assets in the household which include among others; land, coffee processing machines, motorcycles, furniture, water pump, the tree cutting machine and the vehicles. Important to note is that most of the resources that the women have no control over are income generating and this again makes the men more financially stable as compared to the women like was observed in the activity profile. The cultural belief that the Bagisu women should be under men also manifests herein. The women in the project area are not economically empowered and thus great need for sensitization on issues of gender roles and empowerment. RAP Implementation shall ensure that women are protected by encouraging joint sensitizations and follow up to ensure that women are involved in the compensation process. And for the properties and assets where women and men jointly own property, UNRA will encourage opening up of joint bank accounts. (iii) Influencing factors Analysis of the influencing factors was also conducted to identify the factors that influence the differences in the division of labor, access and control as indicated in the activity, access and control profiles. The underlying constraints are also presented to increase the participation of all gender in any development or programme in the project area.

Table 11-3: Influencing Factors Influencing factor constraint Men are stronger It is believed that the men are stronger and thus the women tend to be submissive for fear of being beaten Respect for men The women are stressed in due course, overworked and they have to submit

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Differences in ethnicity The fear of the in-laws by the women and in most cases can’t talk even when they are suppressed Biblical The belief in the bible that the women should respect and be submissive to their husbands Misconception There is a misconception that it is normal for the women to be subjected to mistreatment Cultural factors There is belief that the women in Bugisu region can never be above the men. The women thus end up being treated unfairly in many instances poverty There is a belief that the women were married by the men and didn’t come with anything. The Low levels of education for the girl child as priority is given to the boys Dowry The women are considered as men’s property. The bride price is given in form of 3 cows, 3 goats, panga, hoe and an axe.

11.4 Key strategies to mainstream gender on the project To maximise project benefits and expand opportunities for women, this RAP recommends preparation of a detailed Gender Action Plan that would ensure effective involvement and participation of women in project activities. RAP implementation phase  Mindset change; conduct sensitisation sessions that focus on defeating imbalances between men and women in terms of access to and control of productive resources. Aware that this may create resentment in communities, the RAP team will phase the sensitisation activities starting with the local leaders, opinion leaders and well as cultural and religious leaders and later the project affected communities. Sensitisation materials shall be developed and discussed with area leaders prior to community engagements to tighten any lose ends that may conflict with the shared cultural values.  Strengthen women’s participation in compensation and livelihood restoration activities. As much as men, women shall be eligible for compensation where they have property and livelihoods that are affected by the project. The RAP implementation team shall ensure that women are protected by encouraging joint sensitizations and follow up that enable women’s involvement in the compensation process.  Consideration for physical resettlement for Households with “absent husbands”. As already observed in the gender access and control analysis, the men own and also control all the productive resources and assets and they have also been vested with the responsibility of appropriating household financial resources. However, some men have abandoned their families and they are only returning to receive compensation awards. For such families, physical replacement of affected properties has been considered as a way of protecting women and children from suffering possible destitute situation arising from land acquisition for road development.  The resettlement program should involve suggestions of both men and women, encourage joint bank accounts for joint owners, physical resettlement for those that prefer. UNRA to sensitize PAPs on radios, through local leaders to mitigate fake land deals from those who target PAPs due for payment given that land is scarce in the area and rates are likely to raise.  Post compensation monitoring to ensure reintegration and livelihood restoration;

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 Ring fencing positions on committees and any development programmes and initiatives for women to encourage participation. Women positions shall be highlighted on the grievance management committees;  Sensitisation of leaders and communities on gender issues and the gender policy to create awareness on the role of women and men in the development process and special programmes for affirmative action.  Spousal consent shall also be sought as part of the compensation process

Civil works

 Advocacy programmes to ensure participation of all gender in implementation and management of road infrastructure projects and its associated components;  Flexibility in the work schedules and tasks, and provision of special facilities for nursing/breastfeeding i.e sheds and rest rooms, sanitary facilities and supplies to stimulate participation;  Design of programs and interventions to prevent Gender Based Violence on the project  Priority consideration for project jobs for women who meet the job specifications

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12.0 RAP IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS 12.1 Introduction This chapter presents the different strategies, which shall guide the implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan for the NBN project. Among others the chapter focuses on compensation and resettlement strategy of the different PAPs and affected entities (for both physically or economically displaced), the processes of transfer of tenure and obtaining consents from the PAPs, organizational frameworks and resources required to implement the RAP.

12.2 RAP Implementation Framework The implementation process will entail; Identifying and verifying the details of the PAPs and disclosing to the PAP relevant information related to their entitlements and facilitating the payment of any compensation and other assistance benefits. PAPs will be given an opportunity to review the property survey and valuation results as well as the compensation alternatives through a binding disclosure prior to actual compensation. OS2 also emphasizes disclosure and access to information as part of meaningful and participatory stakeholder engagement and decision making. 12.2.1 Negotiation and Signoff process for PAPs who prefer cash compensation The negotiation and sign off process is encapsulated into what is popularly referred to as the Identification, Verification and Disclosure (IVD) process. This is summarized in figure 12-1 and later expounded.

The negotiation and Sign off process • Constituting the verification / disclosure team 1

• Establishment of Verification and disclosure centres 2

• Mobilisation and sensitisation 3

• Signing of the agreements 4

• Compensation Payment 5

• Monitoring and evaluation 6

Figure 12-1: Summary of the negotiation and Sign off process

i. Constitution of the Identification Verification and Disclosure team The verification and disclosure team for the project shall be formed as this shall include both internal and external personnel to UNRA with different responsibilities. These shall include sociologists, client care officers, valuers, surveyors and legal officers. External to UNRA shall include the jurisdiction area land officer, community development officer and Local council (LC) of all affected communities. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 162

Table 12-1: Responsibilities for UNRA internal and external staff during verification and disclosure Personnel No of staff Responsibilities Internal Senior 2  To deal with any social issues during the V&D process Sociologists  To conduct all engagements prior to the verification process  To participate in the post V&D surveys  To furnish the PAPs with all information required on the V&D process as well as any other information on the RAP process  To register any grievances which arise from the V&D process and where possible mediate or escalate them.  Support the V&D team in verification of the different ownership documents  To support the V&D team in filling out all the necessary transactional forms during the V&D process  Support valuation team in organizing documentation (Batching) to facilitate payments/compensations. Client care 2  Support the senior sociologists during V&D processes officers Valuers, 2  To disclose the compensation amounts to every PAP as derived from the entitlement matrix  To explain to the PAPs how the entitlements were arrived at  Ensure that the PAPs are well equipped with information to make informed judgments (informed consent) Surveyors 2  To support the valuation team in verifying and registering land titles  To support the valuation team in providing information on the affected land areas. Legal Officers 1  To deal with any legal matters which might arise during the V&D process External Jurisdiction area 1 To verify all Mailo land Interests that exist within the the RoW Land officer Community 1 To assist the project core team in dealing with all social issues Development on the project. These may include those related to family, Officer gender, conflict resolution among others Local Council 1 To oversee the compensation process of the project. (LC)s of all Specifically for the V&D process, the LCs do due diligence of affected all PAPs communities To assist in mediating any arising conflicts

ii. Establishment of Verification and Disclosure centers Verification / disclosure centers shall be set up in central places which can be easily accessed by all PAPs, with each centre serving at least two or three villages. The venues shall be culturally appropriate and it is from here that all the disclosures for the PAPs on their individual entitlements will be done.

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road project (29km) 163 iii. Mobilization and sensitization A briefing exercise shall be conducted by the V&D team in close co-operation with relevant authorities at local community and district levels. The PAPs and all other project beneficiaries will be briefed by the project team through;  Local meetings with PAPs and their Leaders i.e. LC1, LC III and sensitizing the PAPs to appreciate the activities involved in the verification / disclosure process which include but not limited to; verification requirements, proposed days of the verification / disclosure exercise, and verification requirements prior to payments.  Higher level Local government consultations (LCIII personnel, Resident District Commissioners (RDCs), etc).  Media i.e. radio announcements, loudspeaker announcements on a bodaboda (passenger motorcycle) and published material as written notices to be displayed in public places as religious centres, sub county, health centres, LCI/Village Notice Boards. In addition to general mobilization and sensitization, arrangements shall be made to assist vulnerable groups (widows, elderly women, child headed households etc.) with the verification and disclosure process. Specifically, the social team shall reach out to each of the vulnerable PAP as identified during the socio-economic activities.

Generally, the information passed on these engagements will mainly aim at preparing the PAPs and Project affected Entities (PAEs) on the requirements which lead to the verification and disclosure process. This will also include provision of information on the compensation framework and process including; justification for the different entitlements, description of the verification and other details. Such engagements shall be conducted within the communities where the PAPs or the PAEs exist. iv. Pre-Disclosure Engagements The following tasks will be involved in the pre-disclosure engagements.  First task at this level, the RAP Team will meet and inform Administrative and Political Leaders at District, Municipality, Sub-County, Town council levels and CSOs about the key contents of the approved RAP, the RAP implementation plan, and share out copies of RAP without the individual PAP data.  Second task is to meet and inform the PAPs, community leaders and general community members about the key contents of the approved RAP, requirements for detailed disclosure and the implementation phases including; Displaying the strip map and simplified list of affected PAPs without detail of entitlements awarded. Involving district, sub-county and community leadership is essential for the mobilization of the PAPs and their household members to attend the planned disclosure meetings

v. Notification for Detailed Disclosure to PAPs This is a second stage after the pre-disclosure engagements targeting all project-affected households, and will be undertaken by RAP Team with assistance from local council leadership. This will be one month prior to receiving compensation payments. It will involve the following tasks:  First, confirming the identity of the claimant(s) through valid identification documents such as National Identity Cards, Passports and Driving Permits

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 Verify and collaborate the ownership of the affected property and assets through necessary documents such as land titles, sales agreements, and consents from property owners for licensee and or tenants.  Upon satisfaction, disclose PAP household entitlement matrix item by item to the registered claimant and other household members present provided by this RAP. Specific items to disclose will include; final compensation values, additional assistance measures to be provided by the project and other allowances as provided for by this RAP.  Providing to PAP households additional explanation of how the compensation awards were established.  Seeking clarification from members of the PAP household on how the compensation payments should be paid and why.  Encouraging PAP households to consider payment through family or joint accounts where this applies. The RAP Team will however, respect the decision of the household.  Provide and make the affected PAPs to confirm and sign a consent form upon stratification about the disclosed values and other assistance. to vacate the land, and or buildings as may be affected within a defined timeframe after receiving the compensation amount  Explain to the PAPs what the consent form means and implies including issues about period to vacate acquired land.  Trace for vulnerable PAP households who fail to participate in the normal individual household disclosure, at the residence of such vulnerable PAP households using extra efforts including special assistance for translations and sign language as may be required. This is elaborated in chapter 8 on vulnerable social groups and special assistance required for them during RAP implementation and beyond.  The disclosure to registered companies and statutory bodies will be conducted at their registered address and shall include all people that are registered as Board Members and/or legally appointed representative(s).

Table 12-2: Verification and disclosure centers shall be setup as follows Cluster Subcounty Villages Total number of Number PAPs 1 Namanyonyi/ Namagumba lower, Namagumba village upper, Northern Aisa teko lower,Aisa Teko Lower, Kifafa Division Lower,Kifafa Upper, UTC Elgon 2 Buwalasi Pato,Nanyenya, Buwila, Nakurutwe, Nadome, Subcounty Nabyama, 3 Maguma, Kadodoyi, Bumudu A,Mukusi 4 Busamaga Buwamaniala,Bunambozo A&B,Mayiyi A&B, Subcounty Chamavungo, Kakodye 5 Bugusege Bugusege,TC,A&B,Namikolongo, Town Council Bukimali A&B, Luseke, Bugashari B, Mabaale 6 Nabulalu, Buwira,Nabulalu Bunabonyo, Nabisagasa, Masheke

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7 Buyobo Dunga, Lutale, Bumayamba, Buwadika, Subcounty Bulamburi 8 Bulumolo,Bumusi A&B, Nabiga, Mutumba, Mutumba, Wosita Lower 9 Buweri Town Buweri A,B,Kishuri,Buyi,Kisoso, Council 10 Budadiri Town Kalawa, Bumatofu, Gibinda West, Gibinda East, Council Gibinda North, Namasanda, Buyonde A, Wagagayi, Bugiwumi 11 Buhugu Nakiwondwe, Namasanda, Namono Subcounty Nakizengwe, 12 Miwu,Kabokani, Bukyagwe, 13 Mutufu Town Namabungu,Namili,Mazaki, Council Mutufu,Masaba,Buyama,Kidago, 14 Kigokye, Mabaale, Nandeere Upper, Nandere Lower 15 Bukiise Sub Kisenyi,Kitagalu, Natanyo, Kisanya, Bulede, county Kigyewa, 16 Mivuule, Gadigadi, Salarila, Miyembe,Masemwa,Buyaka,

12.3 Compensation payment During this stage, compensation payments are affected or undertaken in accordance with standard Government procedures and the policies set out in this resettlement plan. i. Before compensations are paid out to the PAPs, the RAP Team shall: Check the completeness of the required PAP forms and validated documents before payment request is activated. UNRA will promote consent agreements (MoUs) with PAPs with incomplete documentation or sites that are encumbered with disputes; until such a time when resolution is ascertained. ii. The accounts department will also carry out the necessary due diligence and upon satisfaction will notify the RAP Team which account numbers are due and the ones rejected with corresponding reasons. iii. The RAP Team will undertake financial literacy training and counselling of the PAPs on prudent utilization of the compensation money. This will include offering of basic training for those planning to diversify their investment portfolios. This is explained in detail in chapter 10 on livelihood restoration support initiatives for this RAP. In line with UNRA-LARP, 2019, Cash compensation shall be paid as follows; i. Compensation above UGX 200,000/= shall be paid to the bank account of the PAP(s). ii. Compensation below UGX 200,000/= shall be paid through mobile money number(s) of the PAP(s) duly registered mobile phone number.

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12.4 Salvage and Demolition As per the entitlement matrix the PAPs will be allowed to salvage anything of value within their parcels. This however shall be done after the payment is effected with consultation from UNRA. In cases where there are tenants on properties, the salvaging shall only happen after three months from the date of payment.

12.5 Vacation Notices After the payment, the PAPs shall be issued with vacation notices, which shall clearly show the required date to vacate the RoW given the fact that the PAPs receive money at varying times. After the 6 months have elapsed upon the PAPs’ payment, they will be required to vacate the RoW unless a special permission is granted by UNRA upon request. To adhere to the AfDB standards, the PAPs shall be encouraged to self-evict themselves and continuous reminders shall be given those who are found to have defaulted.

In cases where the PAPs deliberately fail to self-evict themselves, engagements shall be held and depending on the circumstances, UNRA may resort to judicial remedies or enforcement of eviction by the enforcement department of UNRA.

12.6 Grievance Resolution In case any grievance is realised or arise from the implementation of this RAP, it shall be resolved as guided by the UNRA Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) which was developed with support from the World Bank. The different processes therein are discussed under chapter 13

12.7 Organizational and Implementation Frameworks 12.7.1 Internal Implementation team Presented in this section is the proposed implementation team for this RAP. The implementation team of the project shall be multi layered with a team providing oversight of the project and technical team as expounded below;

The Coordination team The project coordination team shall consist of UNRA’s senior management specifically the heads of departments. These shall consist of; 5. UNRA head of Environment and Social Safeguards Department (HESS) 6. UNRA Head land acquisition 7. UNRA head of Corporate Affairs 8. Head of Design Department Their roles and Responsibilities will be to;  Primarily the coordination team shall provide oversight on all RAP activities  Act as a link of the project RAP team and other stakeholders such as donors  Link/harmonize the team activities with other UNRA activities

The RAP Team leader The project manager shall work with the RAP coordination team to link the RAP process with other processes of the project. Such processes may include procurement, effecting design changes and donor relations among others.

The technical team Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of the Namagumba-Budadiri- Nalugugu Road (29km) 167

Overall, the proposed team shall consist of a dedicated multidisciplinary team with experience ranging from designing, implementing and monitoring Resettlement Action Processes. This in its right requires a team with vast and varying skills depending on the different functions during RAP implementation. The following team is proposed and their roles are stipulated in the table

Table 12-3: proposed composition of the technical team Proposed Estimated Roles on the RAP process team category number of personnel Team Leader 1  Oversee the coordination of all activities on the project (Resettlement  Act as a link between the project technical RAP team and the Manager) coordination team  Oversee external liaisons with the team  Ensure timely delivery of the RAP outputs within budget Social 1  Oversee mitigation of all social risk on the project Development  Oversee the development and implement of the RAP Specialist  Supervise all sociologists, client care and Community Liaison officers on the project  Oversee Sociologists 3  Oversee mitigation of all social risk on the project  Oversee stakeholder engagements on the project  Undertake implementation of the RAP as per the different specialties  Supervise the Junior sociologist, Client care and assistant sociologist  Provide oversight on social process on the project  Oversee welfare of the PAPs after payment or resettlement  Oversee development of the RAP and all processes therein  Oversee the monitoring and evaluation of all project process  Advise to best implementation practices based on emerging data and lessons learnt from elsewhere. Lead Valuer 1  Oversee all valuation activities on the project  Oversee fair and timely allocation of entitlements for the PAPs  Ensure that all entities on the project are well valued and all snags dealt with Valuers 2  To collect all details of values and integrate them into asset inventory  Oversee entitlement processing for all PAPs on the project Lead surveyor 1  Oversee all survey activities on the project  Oversee fair and timely collection of parcels of land for the PAPs  Ensure that all entities on the project are well survey and all snags dealt with Surveyor 2  Oversee the survey of the RoW  Capture and process all the data related to the extents of affected properties  Deal with all survey snags on the project Client care 2  Receive the development of all client care strategies officer  Receive and process all inquiries on the project  Act as first point contact for PAPs in the allocated sections on the project

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 Oversee all issues as raised by PAPs  Collect all grievances as registered by the Grievance Management Committees (GMCs) Legal 1  To handle all legal related issues on the project  Provide PAPs with any legal advise from time to time

The hierarchical relationship of the different personnel proposed for the project is represented in the figure 12-2 below;

Figure 12-2: Proposed project implementation organogram

12.8 Implementation Schedule 12.8.1 Specific RAP implementation Schedule For purposes of this RAP, the implementation schedule shall involve remaining RAP preparation tasks including return of assessment forms and conducting complementary studies. In the implementation of the RAP, the following activities shall be conducted such as stakeholder engagements in preparation for IVD, conducting the negotiation and sign off, batching, processing, effecting payments and implementation of resettlement activities, monitoring and evaluation. These are scheduled in the table 12-4 below. Table 12-4: Showing the implementation schedule Activity Proposed schedule Responsible personnel Community and project based February 2021 Senior sociologist Stakeholder engagements Survey data capture February- March 2021 Lead Surveyor Valuation data capture February-March 2021 Lead valuer Returning of forms April 2021 Valuer Social economic survey February-March 2021 Senior Sociologists Development of RAP report April 2021 SDS, LV, LS Drafting valuation report and strip March-April 2021 LV, LS Map Draft Valuation report for CGV May 2021 CGV approval

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Approval of final valuation report June 2021 CGV Identification, Verification and August to September 2021 Valuer Disclosure Batching From July 2021 and as PAPs Valuer fulfill their requirements Payment From October 2021 and as Project Accountant PAPs fulfill their requirements until proposed final occupancy date. Physical resettlement October to March 2022 Social Development Specialist Livelihood activities implementation December 2021 to June Social Development 2022 Specialist Final occupancy date August 2022 Head Enforcement UNRA Post compensation Monitoring November 2021 until the Social Development date the last PAP is paid Specialist

The successful implementation of all pending activities within the planned RAP implementation schedule presented in the above table will be highly dependent on a number of factors, which include among others; Readiness of the PAPs; The PAPs are required to have the necessary documents, encumbrance free assets is faster processing is to be achieved. Availability of funds; Whereas the team might endeavor process the PAPs for payment and plan for resettlement, the actual payment of the entitlements is highly dependent on the availability of funds since government has period quarterly releases. It is upon such releases that the PAPs shall be paid. Despite this, it is important for the UNRA team to endeavor/ensure that the internal processing of the PAP’s document for payment should not exceed 2 Weeks within the team’s custody. Complexity on the working environment; It is critical to note that resettlement in its right is a complex process and a number of unintended outcomes might be experienced which might constrain project timelines and other resources. Among these include also the distorted timelines due to grievances and COVID-19 Pandemic which has distorted the implementation timelines yet uncertainty still looms on when a final solution to the disease will be sought.

Despite these and other limitations to achieve the scheduled timelines, the team shall adopt adaptive management techniques and treat this RAP as a living document with the necessary modifications made where possible.

12.9 Data Management Given the high number of PAPs on the project, management of their information comes with complexities which point to the need for automation for ease of generation of reports, tracking of PAP specific processes. All PAPs will be tracked and monitored using a fit-to-purpose database. This shall be used to store and process all the social, valuation and Survey related information.

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13.0 GRIEVANCE MANAGEMENT AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION 13.1 Introduction While the project will potentially bring a number of benefits to PAPs and communities, it will also affect people in many other negative ways. There will be varying magnitude of impacts on people’s dwellings, property, livelihoods, common resources, social relationships, cultural heritage, among others. This situation will lead to resentment, conflicts and sometimes a lack of trust in the project implementation process and these will need to be addressed.

In managing project grievances, OS1 of the Bank requires the establishment of a credible, independent and empowered local grievance and redress mechanism to receive, facilitate and follow up on the resolution of affected people’s grievances and concerns about the environmental and social performance of the project. The local grievance mechanism needs to be accessible to the stakeholders at all times during the project cycle, and all responses to grievances are recorded and included in project supervision formats and reports.

In line with this requirement, UNRA has established a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) which among others calls for establishment Community Grievance Management Committees (GMCs) to manage grievances at the local level.

13.2 Purpose and Objectives of the UNRA’s GRM UNRA’s Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM), proposes a three-tier grievance management structure that will be instituted at the community, project, and Institutional level. This is intended to establish a mechanism that will quickly identify and also address the different types of grievances to the required satisfaction of both the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) and the project. The GRM is an internal organizational system established by UNRA to submit, receive, assess, and methodically address complaints and concerns about the impact of its operations, programs, and projects on its clients or external stakeholders. it is a mechanism by which queries, complaints, or clarification about a project are systematically addressed. 13.3 Specific Objectives of the GRM (a) Providing a forum for redressing grievances and disputes at all levels; (b) Creating an effective communication between UNRA and affected parties; (c) Building up a productive relationship among all stakeholders including affected parties (d) Providing access to affected parties to discuss, negotiate and participate in the decision-making process and; (e) Mitigating and preventing adverse impacts of the project on communities and availing appropriate corrective or preventive actions. 13.4 Key Principles for effective implementation of GRM In resolving the grievances, the Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu road project will be guided by the principles of cultural appropriateness, simplicity, fairness, evidence-based, speed, and proportionality. These principles and best practices are in line with the grievance establishment procedures of the AfDB Integrated Safeguards System (ISS, 2013) and the Uganda policy and laws. In establishing the project level grievance redress mechanism, the following aspects will be implemented;  The process of instituting GMCs will be made known to the communities of the Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu road project.  The composition of membership will be open to all residents that are affected by the road project activities.

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 Membership and activities that will be conducted by members will be voluntary. The members will thus not be expected to claim remuneration from the project or UNRA.  GMCs will consist of six members i.e. three Project Affected Persons, (with one being a woman), one Opinion Leader (such as an elder, a religious or clan leader), area Local Council One Chairpersons (as an ex-officio member and ineligible to be elected as chairperson of GMC) and one local NGO/CBO leader (as an observer).  The GMCs will be trained on their roles and responsibilities and best practices in grievance management. Their capacity will be reinforced from time to time with monitoring and follow-up.  In the course of project implementation, the GMCs will be conducting monthly meetings which are geared towards reviewing and agreeing on the way forward for grievances that will still be outstanding.  Regular monitoring of the operations of GMCs will be conducted to assess and strengthen their capacities in handling grievances that are reported in the project.  In circumstances where a GMC Member loses interest, faces health issues, or relocates to another area, the community will be given the prerogative to replace them through elections in community meetings like those that were used to establish the GMC in the first place. The Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu project will establish a grievance mechanism that addresses grievances promptly, through a predictable and transparent process that provides feedback to those concerned, without any retribution. Important to note is that the mechanism will not in any way try to hinder access to other judicial or administrative processes, which are available under the law or through recognized arbitration procedures. 13.5 Community Level Grievance Management Mechanism During the process of Land Acquisition, several grievances are envisaged. These might arise due to several reasons which could be physical, environmental, and /or social issues. They could also arise particularly regarding disagreement on the compensation values during the valuation of assets as well as property ownership. Managing grievances of all types will be an indispensable requirement during the implementation of the Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu project. The various grievances for the Project Affected Persons (P AP s ) and other community members within the road corridor shall be handled through the guidance of the UNRA harmonized grievance management system. In line with UNRA’s Grievance Redress Mechanism, the project team will establish Grievance Management Committees (GMCs) along the entire stretch of Namagumba – Budadiri – Nalugugu road project to collect, register, and support in addressing grievances in an effective and timely manner. Grievance Management Committees are a community representation comprising of 6 elected members of affected persons and opinion leaders. They are not governmental structures but are established by communities and are an essential point of contact for UNRA on grievances voiced by community members and other stakeholders. The committees are established to strengthen grievance management mechanisms for all projects implemented by UNRA. The Grievance Management Committees will thus be formed at the community level through the participation of the different community members openly and transparently. These will be trained about their operation and how they will support quick grievance redress throughout the project implementation. Their operation will be expected to last for between 3-4 years as they

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of the Namagumba-Budadiri- Nalugugu Road (29km) 172 will be expected to work from the project planning stage till the end of the defects liability period. 13.5.1 Location of the GMCs With the guidance of the UNRA GRM which emphasizes the importance of accessibility in all aspects including distance, cost, and medium of communication, the GMC’s along the Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu project will be formed in a 3km radius to make them accessible to the PAP’s. These GMCs will be contact points between the PAPs and UNRA and instances where they will be in the position to handle the various grievances, they will be handled at the community level. However, escalation to the various responsible parties will be done for all the grievances that the GMC’s will not be able to handle at the community level. Important to note is that accessing these GMCs will be free of charge and the people will be allowed to either write or report their grievances orally to the GMCs in their local languages. 13.5.2 GMC Composition During the establishment of GMCs along the Namagumba – Budadiri – Nalugugu project, the RAP project team will guide community members on the selection criteria of the GMC members. The entire process will adhere to the principles of openness, transparency as well as equitable representation. Each GMC will have a representation of six members and these will include an opinion leader, observer, chairman LC1 and 3 potential persons to be affected by the project. From the 3 persons to be affected by the project, the community members will then select the chairperson of the committee, a secretary, and the mobilizer. Emphasis will however be placed on equitable representation where women will be encouraged to participate and represent on these committees. From the various engagements that were conducted by the RAP team, it was emphasized that the clan heads should be embraced during the grievance and conflict resolution as they are very influential when it comes to community issues. A lot of respect is also accorded to these people. UNRA will thus utilize the guidance of these people in grievance redress during the project implementation. 13.5.3 Roles of the GMCs Generally, the GMCs will be expected to solve non-complex grievances relating mainly to local property ownership, family boundary disputes as well as providing guidance and insights into fairly complex outstanding grievances that are being escalated for further management by the project team. Technically, GMCs will be expected to execute the following functions  Receiving and recording all grievances from PAPS  Hearing/arbitrating grievances of PAPs and providing an early solution to those they can solve  Immediately bring any serious matters to the attention of the Client Care officer. This one will also be project-based  Escalate grievances that they are not able to solve or those that are outside their jurisdiction; and  Inform the aggrieved parties about the progress of their grievances and the decisions made by the GMC.

13.6 Grievance Management Process Managing grievances, including avoiding and minimizing them is an integral part of the project. The proposed mechanism of handling grievances is based on our experience with

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of the Namagumba-Budadiri- Nalugugu Road (29km) 173 similar projects. In managing the grievances, the project shall adopt the processes involved in the UNRA Grievance Redress Mechanism summarized in the schematic diagram below.

Figure 13-1 showing the schematic diagram of the UNRA GRM

In applying it, the team will ensure that all grievances and complaints raised are; Received; either verbally or in writing. Different channels such as Email, client care offices, toll free lines, walk ins, workshops, community sensitizations and grievance management committees are currently available for receiving grievances. 1. Recorded; by capturing the details of the grievance which shall include; names of complainants, gender, age, contact details of complainant, and details of the grievance among others. To protect PAPs and stakeholder who register grievances, UNRA will ensure highest level of confidentiality of information provided. 2. Categorized; in order to establish the eligibility of the complaint received. In categorizing grievances, the receiving office will establish,  Whether the issue can be handled within UNRA’s mandate or can be referred to other handlers such as courts of law and Uganda police.  The complainant is anonymous or identifiable with a name and contact details provided;  The complainant is affected by a UNRA project or any other UNRA activity.  The grievance is clear;  The complaint has a direct relationship to UNRA project or activity; and  All the mandatory preliminary information is available. Some of the commonly received and eligible grievances related to land acquisition are categorized and presented in the table below;

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Table 13-1: Categories of Common Grievances related to land acquisition as received by UNRA Land related issues 1. Non-payment of compensation money 2. Underpayment of compensation money 3. Over Valuation and Undervaluation on same or similar property 4. Omission of affected property 5. Road Reserve queries 6. Return of Title 7. Delayed payment 8. Disputes on ownership of land 9. Injurious affections e.g. cracks in buildings, house left either hanging or below the road culvert locations 10. Boundary queries between PAPs 11. Registration of ghost PAPs 12. Forgery of Documents (e.g. Land titles, death certificate) 13. Obtaining money by false pretense 14. Impersonation Other issues 1. Family breakages arising from compensation sharing anticipated to occur 2. Physical and cultural resources (such as graves and shrines) relocation during the land 3. Disruption of existing public services e.g. hospitals, schools, water and acquisition electricity supply. 4. Inadequate consultation and sensitization about the land acquisition processes such as surveys.

3. Resolution;. In line with the UNRA GRM, the grievance resolution process was classified in a tier form; a. Tier 1; the grievance is handled and resolved by the project team b. Tier 2; involves referral of the issue by the project team to UNRA TMT for resolution c. Tier 3; Involves referral of the matter for arbitration in case UNRA TMT fails to resolve the matter. An arbitrator will be identified between the complainant and UNRA. Such mediators was trusted individuals in the community who are not biased in any way and with no conflicts of interest. Possible mediators include but not necessarily limited to religious leaders, family/clan leaders, elders and political leaders. d. Tier 4; In case the parties are still not satisfied, the grievance/matter is referred to the courts of law for resolution. 4. Closure; where parties are satisfied with the resolution, such a grievance was considered as closed after the report on the process has been produced. The Grievance handling process is represented in the schematic diagram below;

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Figure 13-2: Schematic diagram showing the UNRA grievance handling process The duration of handling the grievances will depend on the number and nature of grievance as complex ones may naturally require more time. Refer to the table below for proposed timelines for handling land acquisition related grievances in the UNRA harmonised GRM.

Grievances related to land acquisition process and the proposed timelines for response & resolution

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It is anticipated that a number of issues will come up among the affected communities. If an individual is not satisfied with the compensation, he/she could raise his complaint in writing to UNRA or filling a Complaint Registration Form and then forward it through the mechanism that was put in place. We also hope that District Land Tribunals are operational for quick disposal of any disputes, which may arise in the course of the valuation survey exercise.

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14.0 MONITORING, EVALUATION AND REPORTING 14.1 Introduction Within the Integrated Operational Safeguards of AfDB, one key highlight is the importance of compliance monitoring and supervision to ensure that the social mitigation/displacement safeguards are implemented. The OS2 objectifies RAP monitoring as a key pillar for measuring performance in involuntary resettlement programs. With the good RAP monitoring regime, the effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of the proposed RAP interventions can be ascertained. Therefore, to monitor the implementation the safeguards as programmed in this RAP, the following Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) framework is proposed and expounded in the subsequent sections;

14.2 Monitoring and Evaluation 14.2.1 Monitoring Monitoring shall involve recurrent data collection on the main aspects of the RAP starting with the social baseline and ending with the Completion Audit. Monitoring shall be guided by the following objectives; To ensure that proposed social Safeguards as programmed in this RAP are adhered to, as well as ensuring that the UNRA Land Acquisition policy (LAP) specifications are followed i. From time to time, to facilitate re-designing of appropriate interventions to either enhance positive interventions or make corrections where undesired occurrences are identified. ii. To ascertain the extent of adherence to the AfDB standards especially OS2. iii. To determine whether PAPs have had their livelihoods, and living situation restored as well as developing new/maintaining their social networks. iv. To provide necessary information for the external monitor to audit progress on the project and identify any gaps. v. To consolidate lessons learnt to inform future RAP processes in UNRA vi. To ensure that vulnerable PAPs on the project are given extra assistance to enable replace their affected property And sustain their lives

14.2.2 Monitoring Framework for the project Monitoring of resettlement and compensation activities is conducted both internally and externally:

Internal Monitoring Internal monitoring will focus on activities implemented by the project team. These include mainly monitoring progress regarding implementation of the different project activities (activities monitoring) as well as establishing the impact of the project on the PAPs (Impacts monitoring) on a continuous basis. These are further elaborated below;

a) Performance Monitoring This is aimed at monitoring the immediate outputs from the different activities on the project as well as the resources on the project. Table 14.1, provides expounded indicators to inform performance monitoring.

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b) Impact Monitoring The impact monitoring on the PAPs shall be based on the indicators that guided the baseline establishment. These are largely derived from the variables which guided the socio-economic data and it is against this that the same variables shall be used to monitor any changes after relocation. Depending on the resource availability with UNRA, the monitoring may be done in a two pronged manner, that is, doing it after a few months (probably 4) after PAP relocation and conducting another after one year to ascertain the socio-economic impact. The parameters to be considered in doing the immediate monitoring are represented in table 14-2, While those for detailed monitoring are represented in table 14-3 respectively.

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Table 14-1: Expounded Performance indicators monitoring Information Data Frequency Target Person Means of Activity/process/system Performance Indicators source collection of responsible Verification collection  No of consultations made Stakeholder Monthly Weekly All reported, logged and Sociologists Reports Community participation (Segregate to community, local engagement matrix Reports evidenced and public consultation government, CSOs, PAP specific) reviews  No of community members Stakeholder Monthly Weekly All reported, logged and Reports attending meetings (segregated by engagement matrix Reports evidenced sex) reviews  Extent of satisfaction with the Stakeholder Prompt Per All reported, logged and Reports

project consultative process* engagement matrix surveys engagement evidenced RAP reports RAP Reviews Bi-annually All livelihood destroyed Social Reports  No of livelihood restoration Livelihood restoration programmed for. Development options assessed and classified Specialist  No of livelihood restoration Progress reports Reports reviews Monthly All proposed livelihood Social Reports initiatives implemented on the Indicators matrix initiatives implemented Development project Specialist  No of livelihood restoration initiatives targeting women  No of PAPs enrolled in livelihood Progress reports RAP Reviews Monthly All proposed livelihood Social Reports restoration measures disaggregated initiatives implemented Development by category and sex Specialist Payment Database Reports Monthly All PAPs paid in stipulated Lead valuer Reports  No of Payments disbursed within Compensation payments Reviews time Sociologist the stipulated timelines

 No of vulnerable PAPs Payment Database Reports Monthly All PAPs requiring physical SDS Reports

assisted/physically resettled by sex Reviews resettlement assisted Sociologist  No of PAPs being processed for Payment Database Reports Monthly All PAPs processed on time Lead valuer Reports

payment Reviews  No of PAPs not paid due to Payment Database Reports Monthly All reasons for non payment Sociologists Reports

encumbrances Reviews logged and acted upon Lead Valuer Payment Database Reports Monthly All PAPs compensated Lead Valuer Reports  No of PAPs not yet compensated Reviews RAP report Report Reviews Monthly 100% of physically Social Reports  No of physically displaced PAPs displaced PAPs monitored Development who received cash compensation Specialist replacing their homes segregated by Sociologist sex Team leader

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RAP report Report reviews Monthly 100% of physically Social Reports  No of physically displaced displaced vulnerable PAPs Development vulnerable PAPs replacing their replacing their home Specialist home (or receiving replacement monitored Sociologist housing) segregated by sex Team leader Grievance Grievance Weekly All grievances logged Sociologist Reports  Number of grievances received Grievance management log/Database database (Segregated by sex) reviews Grievance Grievance Weekly All grievances solved in Sociologist Reports  Grievances resolved within a log/Database database stipulated timelines specific timeframe reviews Grievance Grievance Monthly N/A Sociologist Reports  Number of outstanding grievances log/Database database reviews  Number of grievances referred to; Grievance Grievance Monthly All Grievances followed up Team leader Reports judicial system, government log/Database database Legal adviser agencies etc reviews Sociologist Registration of land  Number of job record jackets Mutation reports Reviews Fortnight Lead valuer Reports rights (JRJs) formulated  Number of Squatters and illegal Monthly reports Reviews Monthly All eligible squatters Lead Surveyor Reports settlers residing in informal resettled SDS settlements provided land tenure Mutation reports Reviews Monthly All reports processed and Lead valuer Reports  Number of land titles processed returned to PAPs in 6 and returned to PAPs months  Number of PAPs who improve Detailed Reviews Quarterly All PAPs SDS Reports

land tenure status monitoring reports  Number of PAPs assessed for Immediate Surveys Quarterly All paid PAPs SDS Reports Post compensation immediate Post Compensation monitoring reports Sociologist Monitoring Monitoring  Number of PAPs assessed for DPCM reports Surveys Quarterly All paid PAPs SDS Reports Detailed Post Compensation Sociologist Monitoring (DPCM) Eviction and protection Monthly/ Eviction Report Reviews Monthly All PAPs served with Sociologist Reports  Number of eviction notices served of RoW status reports eviction notices  Number of PAPs deliberately Monthly/ Eviction Report Reviews Monthly All PAPs to vacate RoW Sociologist Reports refused to vacate RoW after serving status reports after grace period with evictions  Number of PAPs who have Monthly/ Eviction Report Reviews Monthly All PAPs to vacate RoW Sociologist Reports

voluntarily vacated from the ROW status reports after grace period

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Monthly/ Eviction Report Reviews Monthly All PAPs to vacate RoW Sociologist Reports  Number of PAPs forcefully status reports after grace period UNRA vacated enforcement Monthly/ Eviction Report Reviews Monthly ROW patrolled every month UNRA Reports  No of policing patrols done status reports enforcement

Table 14-2: Expounded Immediate Post compensation monitoring indicators Monitoring Information Data Frequency of Performance Outcome target Person Means of Indicators Aspects source collection collection Target responsible Verification  Distance of relocation Immediate post IPCM census/ After 3 and 6 All Paid PAPs All PAPs relocated Sociologist IPCM data Area of (derived from the compensation selected months of still in grace within area relocation relocation information monitoring dataset physical visits compensation period motivated by choice provided) Immediate post IPCM census/ After 3 and 6 All Paid PAPs Sociologist IPCM data  Reasons for preferred compensation selected months of still in grace location monitoring dataset physical visits compensation period  Number of PAPs with Immediate post IPCM census/ After 3 and 6 All Paid PAPs All PAPs re- Sociologist IPCM data successfully restored compensation selected months of still in grace established their Asset Re- livelihoods and assets monitoring dataset physical visits compensation period assets establishment disaggregated by category and gender Immediate post IPCM census/ After 3 and 6 All Paid PAPs All PAPs Sociologist IPCM data  No of PAPs enrolled Livelihood compensation selected months of still in grace restoring/enhancing in livelihood initiatives monitoring dataset physical visits compensation period their livelihoods Immediate post IPCM census/ After 3 and 6 All Paid PAPs All PAPs Sociologist IPCM data  No of PAPs who lost compensation selected months of still in grace restoring/enhancing

livelihoods monitoring dataset physical visits compensation period their livelihoods

Immediate post IPCM census/ After 3 and 6 All Paid PAPs All PAPs Sociologist IPCM data  No of PAPs with compensation selected months of still in grace restoring/enhancing

totally new initiatives monitoring dataset physical visits compensation period their livelihoods

Immediate post IPCM census/ After 3 and 6 All Paid PAPs All PAPs Sociologist IPCM data  No of PAPs who compensation selected months of still in grace restoring/enhancing switched/changed monitoring dataset physical visits compensation period their livelihoods livelihoods

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 No of PAPs who have Immediate post IPCM census/ After 3 and 6 All Paid PAPs All PAPs Sociologist IPCM data complimented their compensation selected months of still in grace restoring/enhancing

original livelihood monitoring dataset physical visits compensation period their livelihoods initiatives Immediate post IPCM census/ After 3 and 6 All Paid PAPs All vulnerable PAPs Sociologist IPCM data Vulnerability  No of vulnerable compensation selected months of still in grace or PAPs with management PAPs coping monitoring dataset physical visits compensation period vulnerable people coping well Immediate post IPCM census/ After 3 and 6 All Paid PAPs All PAPs Sociologist IPCM data  No of Vulnerable compensation selected months of still in grace restoring/enhancing

PAPs not coping monitoring dataset physical visits compensation period their livelihoods

Immediate post IPCM census/ After 3 and 6 All Paid PAPs All PAPs Sociologist IPCM data  No of PAPs who have compensation selected months of still in grace restoring/enhancing become vulnerable after monitoring dataset physical visits compensation period their livelihoods compensation

 No of PAPs who Immediate post IPCM census/ After 3 and 6 All Paid PAPs All PAPs having the Sociologist IPCM data Overall PAP consider their overall compensation selected months of still in grace same or better wellness wellbeing better than monitoring dataset physical visits compensation period wellbeing after relocation  No of PAPs who Immediate post IPCM census/ After 3 and 6 All Paid PAPs All PAPs having the Sociologist IPCM data consider their overall compensation selected months of still in grace same or better

wellbeing the same as monitoring dataset physical visits compensation period wellbeing before relocation  No of PAPs who Immediate post IPCM census/ After 3 and 6 All Paid PAPs All PAPs having the Sociologist IPCM data consider their overall compensation selected months of still in grace same or better

wellbeing on a positive monitoring dataset physical visits compensation period wellbeing tangent (Promising)  No of PAPs who Immediate post IPCM census/ After 3 and 6 All Paid PAPs All PAPs having the Sociologist IPCM data consider their overall compensation selected months of still in grace same or better

wellbeing worse off monitoring dataset physical visits compensation period wellbeing than before  No of renters who Immediate post IPCM census/ After 3 months of All affected All Renters well Sociologist IPCM data stayed for 3 months of compensation selected landlord’s renters resettled Renters free rent compensation monitoring dataset physical visits compensation

 No of renters with Immediate post IPCM census/ After 3 months of All affected All Renters well Sociologist IPCM data place of compensation selected landlord’s renters resettled

dwelling/business after monitoring dataset physical visits compensation relocation

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Table 14-3: Detailed Post compensation monitoring indicators Information Data Frequency of Performance Outcome target Person Means of RAP aspect Performance Indicators source collection collection Target responsible Verification DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months to All Paid PAPs All PAPs relocated SDS DPCM data  Distance of relocation census 1 year of with expired within area Sociologist Area of (derived from the relocation compensation grace motivated by choice relocation information provided) period/physically resettled DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs All PAPs SDS DPCM data  Number of Affected census to 1 year of with expired restoring/enhancing Sociologist Livelihood Persons with restored compensation grace their livelihoods

restoration livelihood activities and period/physically assets resettled

DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs All PAPs SDS DPCM data census to 1 year of with expired restoring/enhancing Sociologist  No of vulnerable PAPs with compensation grace their livelihoods

restored livelihoods period/physically resettled

DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs All PAPs SDS DPCM data census to 1 year of with expired restoring/enhancing Sociologist  No of PAPs without compensation grace their livelihoods

livelihoods after relocation period/physically resettled

PAP Asset re- DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs All PAPs re- SDS DPCM data establishment  No of PAPs with re- census to 1 year of with expired established their Sociologist and general well compensation grace period assets established assets being DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs SDS DPCM data  No of PAPs with quality census to 1 year of with expired Sociologist

assets re-established compensation grace period

DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs SDS DPCM data  No of PAPs with secure census to 1 year of with expired Sociologist

land tenure compensation grace period

DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs SDS DPCM data  No of PAPs with improved census to 1 year of with expired Sociologist

land tenure compensation grace period

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DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs SDS DPCM data  No of PAPs accessing social census to 1 year of with expired Sociologist services (Education and compensation grace period Health)

DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs SDS DPCM data  No of PAPs still accessing census to 1 year of with expired Sociologist

social support and networks compensation grace period

DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs SDS DPCM data  No of HH with Change in census to 1 year of with expired Sociologist HH status and HH compensation grace period demographics

DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs All public assets SDS DPCM data census to 1 year of with expired restored and Sociologist Public Assets  No of public assets restored compensation grace period functioning well

DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs SDS DPCM data  No of public assets restored census to 1 year of with expired Sociologist

and functioning as before compensation grace period

DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs SDS DPCM data  No of public assets not census to 1 year of with expired Sociologist

restored compensation grace period

DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs All vulnerable PAPs SDS DPCM data  No of vulnerable PAPs with Vulnerability census to 1 year of with expired or PAPs with Sociologist an income level the same or management compensation grace period vulnerable people higher as before coping well  No of Vulnerable PAPs DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs SDS DPCM data satisfied with their current census to 1 year of with expired Sociologist compensation grace period living conditions as compared to their prior living conditions DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs SDS DPCM data  No of PAPs who have census to 1 year of with expired Sociologist become vulnerable after compensation grace period compensation

DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs SDS DPCM data  No of vulnerable PAPs census to 1 year of with expired Sociologist

coping after relocations compensation grace period

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DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs All PAPs requiring SDS DPCM data Physical  No of PAPs Physically census to 1 year of with expired resettlement are Sociologist Resettlement resettled compensation grace period resettled

DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs SDS DPCM data  No of PAPs satisfied with census to 1 year of with expired Sociologist

resettlement dwellings compensation grace period

 No of PAPs satisfied with DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All Paid PAPs UNRA safeguards SDS DPCM data UNRA project processes census to 1 year of with expired processes are well Sociologist UNRA (stakeholder engagements, compensation grace period appreciated processes grievance management, valuation etcs) DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All renters who All renters granted SDS DPCM data  No of renters granted free census to 1 year of captured at the 3 months rental Sociologist Renters rent free period of 3 months compensation baseline free period.

DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All renters who All renters with new SDS DPCM data  No of renters with new census to 1 year of captured at rental options Sociologist

rental options compensation baseline

DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All renters who All renters with SDS DPCM data  No of renters restoring their census to 1 year of captured at livelihood options or Sociologist livelihoods or have new compensation baseline alternatives livelihood options

DPCM dataset DPCM After 6 months All renters who Renters supported SDS DPCM data  No of renters with failing to census to 1 year of captured at with livelihood Sociologist restore their livelihoods and compensation baseline enhancement have no options initiatives

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c) Monitoring for Project Impacts after Resettlement for PAPs PAPs who remain in vicinity of the project after relocation of directly affected persons might face some impacts will monitored based through mapping of related to functionality. Some of these may include;  Change in functionality for both business and Households  Overall/general well-being of the PIPs  Among others. The undesired outcomes from this process will inform the community development action planning and where complementary support can be granted by AfDB, then these shall be included in the complementary initiatives to the community.

d) RAP Completion audit The RAP completion Audit will be commissioned by UNRA for the entire project after all the PAPs have been paid.

External Monitoring External monitoring focuses on processes and outcomes. External monitoring shall consist of audits instituted by the different donor agencies (AfDB) and any other interested entity to establish the level of project compliance to the required performance standards. It is against their findings that further improvements shall be done during the project implementation.

The external monitoring shall also be done by government entities such as Ministry of lands, Housing and Urban Development (MLHUD), Ministry of labour and social development (MoLSD) and NEMA in fulfilment of their legislative mandates and from time to time when deemed necessary.

14.2.3 The Monitoring Schedule The monitoring schedule for NBN project is presented in table 14-4 below Table 14-4: Showing the Monitoring schedule for NBN Activity Proposed schedule Other considerations

4 months after To be continued subsequently as the Immediate Post commencement of payments are effected and depending on compensation Monitoring payments/ physical other circumstances such as effecting resettlement physical resettlement To be continued subsequently as the Detailed post compensation One year after the first payments are effected depending on the Monitoring payments are effected circumstances such as effecting physical resettlement Monitoring for Project One year after the vacations To be continuously done until atleast 50% Impacts after Resettlement have been done of the PAPs have been paid for project impacted persons

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14.3 Evaluation The evaluation of the findings shall be done on a monthly, quarterly, Bi-annual, annual and project midterm basis. Generally the evaluation shall depend on the data collection schedule proposed under performance and impact monitoring sections. Specifically for performance monitoring the evaluation shall be done based on targets of the different indicators while that for impact monitoring be done based on the baseline conditions. It is from these that the conclusions and recommendations shall be drawn.

14.4 Disclosure of the M&E findings Monitoring and Evaluation findings shall be disclosed to the different stakeholders from time to time or as and when the M&E studies shall be conducted either in form of detailed or summarized formats to suite the different audiences on the project. Such disclosure forums will be pivotal in strengthening provision of feedback to further improve project processes and decision making from the different stakeholders. The following disclosure framework as represented in table 14-5 shall guide the information disclosure

Table 14-5: Findings disclosure framework S/N Stakeholder Category Frequency Mode of Information to be shared of sharing information delivery 1 Affected Communities Quarterly Local leaders, Progress of payment, (through local leaders and GMCs, community grievance status, eviction GMCs) engagements status, post compensation status etc 2 AfDB Quarterly Reports Project status on agreed indicators 3 Ministries, Departments Quarterly Reports and Progress of payment, extent of and Agencies Workshops land acquisition 4 UNRA departments and Quarterly Reports and Overall project status on Coordination team meetings agreed indicators

14.5 Reporting The reporting on the implementation of the RAP shall be done based on the following strategy;  Project progress reports to be done on a monthly basis  Project monitoring reports to be done on a quarterly, bi-annual and annual basis to the target audiences.

14.6 Resources and Capacities 14.6.1 Proposed Monitoring and Evaluation team The monitoring shall be done by both internal and external personnel;

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 Internal to UNRA, a multidisciplinary team has been constituted to conduct the monitoring and evaluation exercise. This comprises of; 1 team leader/resettlement manager, 1 Social Development Specialist, 2 senior sociologists and one client care.  A total of 10 external personnel (data collectors) shall be employed to conduct RPCM  Also a total of 15 personnel shall be hired to conduct the DPCM and these shall be supported by internal social team as explained subsequently

Table 14-6: Internal and external staff for the M&E and reporting functions on the project Human Resource Proposed Responsibilities numbers Internal staff Team leader/Resettlement 1  Oversee the coordination of the monitoring, evaluation and Manager reporting functions with other project activities  Oversee the resource allocation for successful implementation of all M&E functions on the project  Oversee the implementation of all recommendations arising from the implementation of the RAP. Social Development 1  Approval of all M&E activities on the project Specialist  Mobilise teams to implement recommendations from the M&E exercises Sociologists (Monitoring 1  Guide on all technical aspects required in the design and and Evaluation) implementation of all M&E interventions  Mobilise teams for all M&E activities on the project  Oversee the generation of all reports on the project External Staff Data collectors 16  Assist in collection of all required M&E data

14.6.2 Logistics The necessary logistics such as communication costs, vehicles, stationery and others shall be provided by UNRA.

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of the Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road (29km) 189

15.0 RAP BUDGET During the preparation of this RAP, a full asset survey was conducted which also included valuation of affected land plots, structures and crops based a detailed methodology presented in chapter 3 and 7. In addition, the socio-economic survey identified all vulnerable households that require extra support from the project as well as PAPs different sources of livelihoods that are likely to be affected by the project. The costs corresponding to these were derived from the respective chapters and consolidated in table 15-1 below.

Overall, the estimated cost for the compensation for losses, implementation of all special support interventions for the vulnerable people, livelihoods restoration mitigations and complimentary initiatives is Ugx 47,700,403,057 (Forty Seven Billion, Seven hundred Million, Four hundred and Three thousand, fifty seven shillings only 16.0 Total estimated cost of RAP S/N RAP Component Budget PAP Entitlements 1. Value of land take 20,311,025,766 2. Value of Buildings/Developments 13,926,250,000 3. Value of Crops/Trees 4,062,205,153 4. 15% disturbance allowance 5,744,922,138 Sub Total 44,044,403,057 PAP safeguards management 5. Vulnerability assistance 78, 500,000 6 Physical Resettlement 387,500,000 7. Livelihood restoration and Enhancement 1,440,000,000 8 Complimentary Initiatives 1,750,000,000 Sub Total 3,867,000,000 Grand Total 47,700,403,057

The implementation of the resettlement and livelihood restoration budget shall crosscut the preconstruction (Land acquisition) and construction phases. Pre-construction activities shall include, continued stakeholder engagements and public consultations, physical resettlement of vulnerable PAPs, relocation of family graves and financial literacy trainings. The remaining activities shall be implemented as part of the civil works and shall be incorporated into the bidding documents.

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of the Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road (29km) 190

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the Proposed Upgrading of the Namagumba-Budadiri-Nalugugu Road (29km) 191

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