U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey SIMULATION OF STREAMFLOW AND WATER QUALITY IN THE WHITE CLAY CREEK SUBBASIN OF THE CHRISTINA RIVER BASIN, PENNSYLVANIA AND DELAWARE, 1994-98 by Lisa A. Senior and Edward H. Koerkle Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4031 In cooperation with the DELAWARE RIVER BASIN COMMISSION, DELAWARE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, and the PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION New Cumberland, Pennsylvania 2003 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GALE A. NORTON, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director For additional information Copies of this report may be write to: purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services 215 Limekiln Road Box 25286 New Cumberland, Pennsylvania 17070-2424 Denver, Colorado 80225-0286 Email:
[email protected] Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Internet Address: http://pa.water.usgs.gov ii CONTENTS Page Abstract . 1 Introduction . 2 Purpose and scope . 4 Previous studies . 5 Acknowledgments . 5 Description of study area . 5 Physical setting . 5 Climate . 5 Geology . 6 Soils. 6 Hydrology . 6 Land use. 6 Water use . 8 Description of model . 8 Data for model input and calibration . 10 Model-input data . 10 Meteorologic data . 10 Water-use data . 14 Spatial data. 16 Model-calibration data. 18 Hydrologic data. 18 Water-quality data. 20 Simulation of streamflow . 25 Assumptions . 30 Model calibration . 30 Model sensitivity analysis . 39 Model limitations . 41 Simulation of water quality . 42 Model calibration . 42 Water temperature . 44 Suspended sediment. 44 Dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand. 53 Nitrogen .