2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015.

Hparat Panglai Journal 1 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018

MALAWM NI Advisers Dr. JJ Lum Dau 3 Editorial mahkuh (Ph.D, Shinawatra University, Bangkok) 4 Myusha ni a matu ahkyak htum ai ten du sai Wang Hkang Awng (Dr. JJ Lum Dau) Editor-in-Chief 6 Amyusha Hpaji Dakkasu janmau shagrau hpawng B.D. Maran galaw (Maraw Naw San) Managing Editor 8 Kawq-lakai re ai Pungga Ja Li a prat ndai (Nding Tawng Ra) Kareng Tu Ja 11 ‘Legacy of A. Z. Phizo is the foundation of Deputy Editor Nagaland (Naga Wondin) Dumsa Lawt Awng 13 Singpho Hkaq Jawh Poi (Bilaseng Namchoom & Nnau Brang Nan) Foreign Correspondence

Anaw (Chiangmai) 16 Buddhism Sasana hteq Kachin Hpanshan (B.D. Maran) Nnau Brang Nan (Innau, Ap, India) 22 Kachin Communities Worldwide Demand United Computer Section Nations Security Council Urgently Refers Burma Sumlut Roi Seng To International Criminal Court Sumlut Bawk Hkawn (Nnau Brang Nan) Layout hte Design 24 Cartoon Gumring Zau Mai (Tanghpre) 25 Mungkan gatlawk lapran na n law amyu ni a Ga/ Laika (Maraw Naw San) Website Master 26 Htenza magang hkyen sai anhte a mungdan ndai (California) Hkangda Brang San Awng (Hpauyam Kaw Nan) Manager for 27 Hti yu nna sumru chyai, mung masa n-gun tai Finance and Distribution (Maru Brang Kum) Hkangda Hkam Nyoi 28 Manu dan ai shinggyim masha tai ra sai Columnists (Shagawng Brang) All staff members of HPLN 30 Gawla Uk lauban Da Ba Sah (Latau Seng Awng) Contact Information 37 Lahtaq hku pat yang, lawuq deq bawq; lawuq e Hparat Panglai Laika Naura kapa yang, lapran hku bai gayun (B.D. Maran) Lawk - V, Munglai Mazup, 40 World Kachin Conference Ndau Shabra Laika Laiza Mare, Kachinland (HPJ - Reporter) Email : [email protected] 41 U.N concerned about heavy fighting in Myanmar’s Website : www.h-panglai.com Kachin State (Reuters) 41 Lup kata nah ri dah maka buhkraq Hparat Panglai Journal hpe laning mi (Sut Suh Hkawn) htaq, kruq lang shaprawq ai. 42 Yaq yang nah shiga sumlar ni (HPJ - Reporter)

2 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015. Editorial Mahkuh ramma ni, Kachin ni hpe gan (Chin), Myen jawngma hkye mawoi lah lu ai atsam ni, Myen hpungkyi ni, ... ningja kaba shaprawq dat ninggun madun shamu ai, rai sai. Kachin ramma ni shamawt wa maraq ai. Ndai yawng hpe Hparat Panglai satlawat lachyum gaw, Journal kawq nna chyeju Myitkyina Kachin ramma Kachin Ramma Atsam dum shakawn shagrau masat shamu shamawt kawq nna Marai Ninggun : Ndai masa shakap dat gaq ai. Myen mungh ting shamu lang nah Kachin ramma Kachin ramma ni hpe hkap shamawt deq, masa gale ni aq kahkin gumdin dat madiq shadaw ya nga ai hkyen matwa nga ai du ai ninggun atsam gaw, Kachin hpungwoi ningbaw hkra, byin taw nga sai, re. mungkan ting hpe ashun ninglar ni, mungh shawa Myen shadip magam ni awam hpungtang kashaw kanu kawa masha ni aq akyu mung, aten dep lu shazim matwa nga ai. May shata, ara ni mung, kaba laq nga kau ai majaw, manghkang Myitkyina e, Kachin ramma sai. Akyu pru sai. Kachin sharawq n hkrawn galu ni ninggun madun hpang wa ramma ni ahkyak nga sai. matut matwa ai, rai saq. ai. Myen Tatmadaw hpyen Ndai ninggun atsam marai Kachin ramma ni aq atsam ni, Shanglawt shara ni deq, kaba ni gaw galoi mung, marai kaba laq nga ai. 1988 htuh lung kasat ai. Shanhte asak hkrung nga na sai! (8.8.88) nah, mungdan Myen hpyen ni htuh lung Myitkyina Kachin ting byin matwa ai mung, kasat n ra ai sinprawq Miwa ramma ni gaw, shara shagu Rangoon dakkasu jawngma lamugah jarit mayan deq nah Kachin ramma ni hpe ni shabyin dat ai sha, rai gaw, sumtsan hkrat laknak lu shagah kahkin dat lu nga nga maluq ai. Byin mayu kaba ni hteq, aten ahkying ai. Ninggun atsam marai taw ai satlawat gaw, rai n lataq hkrup maraq gap madun dan lu nga ai. Myen saq; kadeq e mung, n gwi sharut bun bun rai taw ai Tatmadaw hpyendap ni galaw hpang dat dat rai nga aten ni, rai nga ai. KIO e pat shingdang tawn ai ai. 2018 ning gaw, Myen sinnaq hkran magah deq Kachin IDPs ni hpe wa hkye mungh manghkang ding- nah Kachin IDPs mungh shawq lah lu hkra, shamu nye sumnoi shayan kaba shawa masha ni gaw, Myen shamawt hkyen lajang wa wa byin byin rai ai daqbat Tatmadaw ni pat shingdang ai. Myitkyina e ndai zawn shaning mung, wa ang nga dah ai ninghkan, nam byin ai majaw, mungkan ai. shalawng e ruyak jamjau shara shagu nah Kachin ni 1765 ning e byin matwa shoichyum taw ai ahkying mung, ninggun madun wa sai Miwa Wong hpyen aten ni mung, rai nga ai. maraq ai. US Kachin, Japan majan gaw, Kyaington Sam Myen Tatmadaw shadip Kachin, Australia Kachin, zawbwa ni hteq byin hpang magam ni gaw, Kachin England Kachin, Canada wa ai manghkang kaji rai amyusha ting hpe asi ahtan, Kachin, India Singpho nga ai. Raitim, ndai Miwa- gahti galai roi shah taw nga ramma ni, ... shanglawm Sam kasat galar manghkang masai. Kachin amyusha ni shamu shamawt wa nga ai. kawq nna Miwa-Myen htum maq magang wa nga Dai sha n-ga, Kachin n re kasat galar hkrang deq, gale sai. Ndai lang gaw, Kachin ai laga amyu ni gsd. Hkang matwa ai. Hpang jahtum, Hparat Panglai Journal 3 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018 1769 ning, December shata (press conference) hpe man shalau yang, galoi mung e Manmaw makau nah man, Miwa shiga media ni “awngdang ai snr sum Kongtong mungga makyit hpe mahtai jawq lu ai rai machyiq ai mahtai” n pru lu hteq, majan shazim masai. yang, Myen ni kade masuq nga ai. Ndai gaw, shing-ra Manga ning hkawt, Miwa shaga tim, Miwa-Myen masa nan, rai nga ai. Teng ai Wong hpyen ni 4 lang manghkang masa deq, bai ginjang gaw, jahtum e “sum daqbat kasat shang ai majan shabyin lu nga ai. Laknak machyiq” ngu ai sha, ngam kaba ni, rai wa sai. hpai rudiq rawtmalan lu ai. Ang-sha-aq sha, May wuhpung ni gaw, mungkan Kachin amyusha 12 yaq e, Muse hpaida shachyam dat lu ai shiga shawnglam gammaka hpe dabang hpe Balawng media wuhkya n maduq Kachin ni nan n myit sumru hpyenlar ni sa htim kasat lu shi nga ai. Ndai gaw, lah ai rai yang, laga amyu dat ai gaw, Myen hpyen ni Facebook e shiga maraq masha ni myit ya shakut na hpe “hkra kayet sha-ngap hkat ai masa htaq, grau kun? Kachin ramma ni myit kau dat ai” zawn, wa byin ngangkang nga ai. FPNCC sumru ra sai. Dawqdan ra nga ai. Dai shaloi, Miwa wuhpung ni mungkan media sai. Galaw ra sai. Ramma shadip magam rapdawq zup nga ai shara e, “shiga ninggun marai gaw, dainih mung, ga kaba shaga wa sanglang hpawng” hpe sakse madun nga sai. Ndai ai. Miwa-Myen OBOR sakse sakgan hteq hpawn, ramma ninggun (new hpaga yamga myit hkrum man man galaw ya lu ai generation) gaw, nangshoi lam ginchyum hpungdim wuhkya madang hpe asak nangsha hkaq bra ayai nga (MoU) hpe May shata 14 jahkrung bang ra nga maluq ai Kachin amyusha ni hpe yaq e, galaw hkat na lajang ai. Ndai gaw, media majan bai kahkin gumdin dat lu ya dah nga ai. Muse lam mayan masing sharawt ai ladat, rai. na ninggam lakang mung, manghkang ni hpe Miwa- KIA Gidon post, dapdung wa byin nga sai. Kachin Myen manghkang deq, byin 12, 27, 11, ... ni hpe Myen ramma ni amyusha lam yan wa na hpe Myen gaw, grai Tatmadaw ni nlu ndah htim e, nsen shaprawq ra mat tsang uq ai. Wa (UWSA) kasat zing ai mung, Miwa aq sai. woi ningbaw ai FPNCC hku One Belt One Road masing ☐ nna Beijing snr Kunming e gaiwang lamugah e lawm B. D. Maran satlawat htaq hkan nhtawm, rawng ai majaw mung, rai Editor-in-Chief. “shiga sanglang hpawng” nga ai. Masa uhtawt hpe n

MYUSHA NI A MATU AHKYAK HTUM AI TEN DU SAI Dr. JJ Lum Dau (Ph.D) ning kaw nna ning laman na lam hpe hkam la ai masa hta hkan 1941daini du hkra, maram yu yang, grau nna nna, Myen ni shanhte ra Myen amyu gaw mungkan sinpraw, sinna mungkan hpe sharawng ai hku ka manawt kaw ram htum ai Ameri- ra yang, ra ai hku jahtuk jai hkawm na matu, shanhte a can, British, Japan, Miwa lang ai hta Miwa hte Ameri- mungkan gaw grip magang zawn re ai ni hpe shanhte ra can mungdan hpe jahtuk jai wa ang sai. Lai wa sai ten ni sharawng ai hkrang de, jah- lang wa masai. hta, sinna de na ningbaw ni tuk shapraw la nna ganawn Raitimung, ya hpang hpe ra sharawng ai hta hkan wa masai. Lai wa sai shi na daw kaw mungkan a nna aloi ali shang magra 4 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015. apup mai timung, ndai ten ingbu mungdan a matu ladat wa na ni n rai sai. Shingrai na masa hpe yu yang sinna shalat ya ai ningmu re lam, lani mi na aten hta, UWSO de na ningbaw ni hpe hkrum ka tawn ai hpe mu hti wa yu gaw n-gun grau kaba wa nna mayu nna Vietnam shingjut sai. Kaga ahkyak ai lam lan- Myen shadip magam hpe shingnaw hkan na gatlawk gai gaw, Beijing du ai sha- shingjawng mayu wa na hpe ni kaw hkan ahpu tam ra wa loi, Miwa salang ni san wa tsang ai rai nna, UNFC hte ang masai. ai ga san hta, “Myenmung UWSO hpe jahtuk pawng 1976 ning kaw My- na masha ni hta, kadai ni lah ai ladat hte yawng hpe enmung ting na rawtmalan mahtang ahkyak ai masha shabyawng lah na matu, la- hpung ni jawm gawgap byin tai wa mai na kun?” dat shaw nga ai ngu maram shachying la ai NDF hpe nga nna san wa ai. Mahtai:- mai nga ai. gara hku shamyit kau na Labau hpe yu yang, Myen Ndai zawn rai remote matu, tai hpyen wa ladat gaw Indian amyu kaw na control lang nna tai hpyen shaw tawn ai hpe hpyen nga pra wa ai ni re. Shanhte wa a masing ni hpe mar- masa ningmu kyungkyang gaw matse ai amyu rai nna, am masam galaw mai ai ai jinghku kaba langai gaw Myen n re ai, kaga amyu ni npawt nhpang hpaji gaw, gara ladat hte makawp maga yawng hpe hkan zing lah anhte myusha hkum shagu la mai na lam hpaji jaw wa nna “Bama” ngu ai mung- hta Karai Kasang kaw nna yu sai. Dai ningmu hpe grai dan hpe shachying lah wa rap-ra ai machye machyang ahkyak dum ai KIO kasa masai. Dai majaw, mungdan nyan hpaji ni hpan tawn da gaw, 1983 ning kaw hpawng madu majing gaw Myen n ya chyalu rai sai. Hpa mi ai NDF zuphpawng kaw re ai myusha ni rai ma ai. naw ra a ta? Grup-yin kaw tang madun ai shaloi, NDF Shanhte gaw, shawng de byin pru nga ai mabyin a Chairman tsun wu ai hta, hpaji n chye timung, daini masa ni kaw na yu la mai “Nanhte Kachin ni hpe tsang na ten hta, prat dep hpaji ai lam ni nga na re. Yehowa jawng kaji sharin ya ai gaw, chye ai ni byin tai wa masai. Karai Kasang shaman da ya anhte Kayin ni she re. Ndai Shingrai, shanhte gaw lani ai machye machyang hpe shara kaw grai chye dum mi na ten hta mungdan kam ai zawn, tinang a atsam ai ga manaw shum sa tsun” madu byin tai wa na ni rai hpe mung ngangkang ai nga ai majaw KIO kasa gaw nna, aten galu hta ahkyak ai hkam la lam hte tsepkawp aka-tsi rai dung mat ai. myusha ni byin tai wa wa na kam nhtawm, shadik shatup Dai hte maren, UNFC hpe ma ai, ngu mahtai jaw kau sa wa ga law. jahten sharun na matu tai da sai. Grup-yin kaw byin pru hpyen wa kaw lit nga ai hte UWSO gaw hkamdahka nga ai Myen amyusha shada maren, agah lahtum nshut, lam nga ai mungdaw hpe a lapran kaw dandawng byin teng sha jahten sharun wa shachying lah nna shanhte pru nga ai lam ni, mungdan na hpe tau nna jawm chye raq sharawng ai ahkaw ah- ting kaw byin pru nga ai tawn chyalu rai sai. Laika kang hpe tek jum tawn nht- mabyin masa, mungkan ting ngau langai kaw, “One belt, awm, shanhte raq sharawng Myen hpyen shadip mag- one road” ngu ai ningmu ai tara hte wanglu wanglang am hpe kade daram jawm gaw, Myenmung ting na uphkang nga lu sai rai nna, ninghkap nga ai mabyin rawtmalan hpung ni hpe myit dik nga sai majaw, masa, UN kaw nna Myen shamyit kau lu na hpaji rai Myen shadip magam hpe hpyen shadip magam hpe nna, tai hpyen wa gaw, ht- ninghkap nna majan gasat kade daram jawm ninghkap

Hparat Panglai Journal 5 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018 nna, Myen hpyendap gaw mungkan ting kaw matsat AMYUSHA HPAJI DAKKASU JANMAU shabat, hpyang dik htum SHAGRAU HPAWNG GALAW ai madang hku jawm Maraw Naw San (Chyawnghtawk) hkam lah nga ma ai lam ni hkum sumhpa a ntsa hta lakap nna, tai wa gaw shi a lahkam hpe gara kaw htawt kabye na hpe pyi n lu dawdan sai majaw, daini gaw, shanhte n ju htum ai Kachin myusha ni hte KIO/KIA hpe shamy- it kau na matu, dawdan nhtawm tai wa lu ai hpyen n-gun, laknak n-gun maqhkra hkyen shabawn la nhtawm, Kachinland de anut lung wa manu ai. Ntsa tsang kaw na ni 2018 ning, May shata 18 matsun jaw dat timung, ya shani gaw Amyusha lawu tsang na ni a lasaw hpaji hkrumlam hta lagaw lasa ni lagyaw mat nna hlamhkam mi bai htawt n mai shamu ai mabyin lu ai ninghtoi rai nga ai. masa hte hkrum nga manu Ginjaw Hpaji Dap kaw na ai lam ndai laika ka nga lit la hpaw da ai Maija Yang ai ten hta kahtet kamawt Muklum hta, na Amyusha Six-Months Short Course shang wa ai shiga hkap lu Hpaji Dakkasu (Institute of Program in Education ni rai lah nga ai. Education) a masum lang nga ai. Hpunau wa e, Karai ngu na hta Janmau shagrau Daining na janmau Kasang gaw anhte my- hkam na jawngma shayi shagrau hpawng hta usha ni madu uphkang shadang ni 286 hte rau, Diploma in Education sa na matu hkumtsup ai Hkawlik/Dakkasu magam jawngma 62, Diploma mungdan hpe hpan tawn gun ni, Mungdan a Daru in TESOL jawngma da ya sai. Ngangkang ai Magam salang ni, Jawngma 22, Diploma in Foreign hkam lah lam hte awm- Kanu Kawa ni hkum hkum Languages jawngma 13, Pre dawm ai ahkaw ahkang ra ra sa du shanglawm wa College jawngma 151, hte hpe lang nhtawm uphkang sai. Daining na jawng yu magam gun nga sai sharin sa na matu, myithkrum hpawng hta shagrau lu ai sara ni a aten kadun sharin mang-rum hte kabu gara janmau ni gaw Diploma hpawng (Six-month Short hkap tau lah ga, ngu nna in Education, Diploma in Course) hpe ngut kre la lu hpu nau ji nban yawng hte TESOL (Teaching English sai sara 38, yawng 286 hpe hpe sawq shaga dat nngai to Speakers of Other sengang ai hpaji janmau law.☐ Languages), Diploma in ni hte jawng ngut masat Foreign Languages, hte 6 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015.

pa ni hpe shagrau ya sai. Janmau amyu amyu hpe - Educational [Sara (teacher) ngu ai gasi shagrau ya wa sai. Hpaji Administration lachyum e, “Num, La” sara Dakkasu rai ai hte maren, - Educational Leadership ni yawng hkyawm lawm buga ginra ni hta ra kadawn - Educational Management sai. “Saranum” ngu ai gaw, nga ai sharin sara ni hpe - Philosophy of Education Myen ga “Sayama, ဆရာမ” shalat, tatut magam gun nga Selective Course ngu ai kaw na yu wa ai, rai ai sara ni hpe ningja sharawt - Myanmar Language nga ai.] ya nga ai dakkasu nan rai - Mathematics nga ai. Shingdu Labau Kadun: - Science Daini na Amyusha Hpaji - Social Studies Dakkasu (Institute of - Biology Education) hpe Wunpawng - Chemistry Mungdan Shadip Magam, - Economics Ginjaw Hpaji Dap kaw na - Geography lam woi ningshawng nga - History ai Sara Hpaji sharin shalat - Physics ya nga ai hpaji ginra rai Cognate Course nga ai. Shanglawt sumbu - Study Skills jawng ni hta, ra kadawn - English Language nga ai ningpawt ninghpang Skills hpaji sharin sara shalat lu - Publishing Article na matu, 1997 ning hta - Kachin Language Maija Yang Sara Tai Jawng - Practicum (Teacher Training School) - Computer ngu nna ningpawt hpang wa sai. Dai shaning kaw Shagrau Ya nga ai Hpaji Extra Curriculum na ningja rawng sara ni Janmau ni hte Sharin - School Health hpe shalat lai wa sai. 2008- Ginhpan ni - Development Studies 2009 hpaji ladaw hta gaw, - Kachin History and Maija Yang Sara Hpaji I. Diploma in Education Political Science Hkawlik (Teacher Training Lawu Tsang hte Lapran - Drawing College) madang de sharawt Tsang madun sharin sara - Lesson Planning and Test la lu sai hte maren, lapran ni hpe shalat ya lu na matu Construction tsang madun sharin sara yawshada let, lawu na sharin - Child-Centered Approach law law hpe shalat ya lu ginhpan ni hpe 2 ning laman (CCA) wa sai. 2014 ning hta gaw, numdaw 4 garan nna ginlen - Music Hkawlik madang kaw na nga ai. - Civics Amyusha Hpaji Dakkasu Core Course (Institute of Education) - Foundation of Education, II. Diploma in TESOL madang de ningja sharawt - Educational Psychology Ndai Janmau hpe gaw lu wa sai. Dai shaning ni - Curriculum Studies Lawu Tsang hte Lapran kaw na Amyusha Hpaji - Instructional System Tsang English ga/laika Dakkasu hta undergraduate Design sharin sara laksan tai wa hte postgraduate diploma - Child Psychology na matu hte sharin ladat ni Hparat Panglai Journal 7 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018 hpe English laika kaw na - Teaching Grammar madung sharin ginlen ya nga Jinghpaw laika gale chye - Issues and Options in ai. ai ni tai wa lu na matu Language Teaching Wunpawng mungdan yawshada nna maigan ga/ hpe shanglawt lu hkra woi Cognate Course laika sharin ladat ni hpe galaw lu ai ningbaw ni - Study Skill madung sharin ya nga ai. hpe shalat ya lu na matu; - Educational Psychology Lawu na ginhpan ni hpe Wunpawng mungdan hpe - Child Psychology 2 ning laman, numdaw 4 hpaji hte makawp maga - Publishing Article garan nna shrin shalat ya chye ai ningbaw ni hpe - English Language Skills nga ai. sharin shalat ya lu na matu; - Method of Teaching Wunpawng amyusha ni Core Course English yawng hpe sut masa, hpaji - Teaching English to - Practicum masa ni hta mungkan Young Learners - Foundation of Education madang dep rawt jat hkra - Language Curriculum - Philosophy of Education woi galaw lu ai ningbaw Design - Computer ni hpe sharin shalat sa wa - Principle of Language III. Diploma in Foreign lu na matu, hte Wunpawng Learning and Teaching Languages amyusha marai hkum shagu - Teaching and Learning in Ndai Janmau hpe gaw hpe kadai mung n mai dip da Classroom sut masa hte hpaji masa hta ai sha, tinggyeng shanglawt - Approach to Language ningpawt tai lu ai Maigan lu ai ni mung rai wa na Teaching ga/laika ni hpe sharin matu, ngu ai yawshada lam - Learner Assessment ginlen ya nga ai. General ni hte mungkan machyoi - Language Course Design Chinese, English Language hpaji hte sara hpaji ni hpe Selective Course Proficiency, Chinese ginlen ya nga ai Amyusha - Teaching Speaking Language (Level One – Hpaji Dakkasu rai nga sai.☐ - Teaching Writing Three), hte Computer ni hpe

Kawq-lakai re ai PUNGGA JA LI a prat ndai Nding Tawng Ra (nGefMum;a&;rSL;? HLD) Shawng nah matut 1958 ning na mahkrum hte Zang Nawng lapran kaw madup Hpungmai hkaq mahkrai Pungga Ja Li jawng sa hkrai na matu magri sumri lung ai nta madu yu ji wa dun hpang ai shaloi lawm lai gaw, lam kuli marai shi hpe wa ai. Zang Nawng hkran de woi awn ai wa re. Shing- mahkrai shadaw pawt masha rai kashu Ja Li hpe mung 2 tup sung ai nhkun htu ai jawng dat shata lahkawng kaw mung lawm lai wa sai. laman hta kuli hpung kaw Zang Nawng mahkrai hkrai bang shalawm da nga na matu hpri arung arai ni, ai. Dai shata lahkawng a Chihpwi de htaw shalun ra shawng na daw, Chihpwi nga ai, raitimung Chihpwi 8 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015. zup de modo Jeep sha naw nlung ni kamaq mat ai rai bai lung wa lu sai. Hkrit mai lung ai aten re. Jeep hta nna, nbu si daram ram sha kajawng mat ai majaw kawa grau kaba ai modo lu lung mu lu sai. Lunghtawn ni yan kaw no na pyi tsam mari na matu, modo lam hpe hpe htu jahkrat ai shaloi shi she rai mat sai. Dai kaw shapa jat ra ai bungli pru hkrai n galau hkrat na matu lama di hkrat mat wa ai rai wa sai. Ja Li lawm ai kuli galaw da nna, modo lam hpe yang, masha chyahkrung hpung gaw Chihpwi zup de wa seng kau ra ai lam nga hkum tsun, shan hkyep ni shang wa ai Zang Nawng ai. lu tam la na pyi n loi mat na mahkrai pawt hte yang kaw Lani mi na aten hta sha re. Chyahkring mi rai lit ang ai. Chihpwi mare shawoi na hte maren garai n jang nlung hkra ai hkang kaw nna hpalung 3 daram jahtuk luyang, lam du wa ai machyi wa nna, bungli n yu wa ai kaw Zang Nawng modo du lung wa ai. Shing- lu galaw sai. Lam lu seng mahkrai pawt wa madi ai. rai ru hkrat wa na zawn re kau ai hte rau lam Duwa Mahkrai pawt a hka nam ni hpe naw tawn kau da nna, a modo hte Chihpwi mare maga kaw Hpungmai hkaq lam du wa a modo lai lu na de wa mat ai. Dai shaloi la-ing langai mi nga nga ai. matu lam hpe wa seng ai. na lam Du gaw Saw Rowa Dai la-ing hpe Lhao’vo’ ga Lam hpe seng nga yang, ngu ai Kayin la wa re. Shi hku (Mhai Saw) nga ai rai shawng e ntsa kaw htu tawn a nta gaw, dai ten hta ya na nna, lachyum gaw mahtat da ai nlung gaw loi sha n re. Myitkyina Dapkawng buga la-ing ngu ai re. Hpa majaw Nlung bum hte nlung kaba hkalup hpung nawku jawng mahtat la-ing ngu shamying ni lawm nga ai. Dai nlung a lahta yang kaw re. ai nga yang, la-ing dai gaw ni gaw lam seng taw nga ai Lam kuli galaw ai shata grai sung nna chyang ai sha shara kaw wa hkrat sumpum lahkawng a jahtum daw de mu ai majaw, shamying ai na ni re. Lam seng taw nga gaw mahkrai pat kaw n rai re. Dai la-ing kaw nna modo ai kuli ni lam a kade nde sai sha lam gawan ai hpung lam du hkra lalam hkying hprawng yen shajang sai. Ja hku nna nga mat ai. Modo mi daram tsaw na shadu ai. Li gaw ka-ang kaw nga ang kaba lai n lu na zawn re Modo lam a ningtsa maga ai majaw nlung ruhkrat wa shara ni hpe shangang ai. de lunghtawn ni ladawn taw ai hpe yen lu hkra gumtsat Shing-rai Myitkyina kaw nga ai rai nna, hpri htaw ai dat ai shaloi mahtat la-ing na miles 68 tsan ai shara modo kaba ni n mai lai nga nga ai lunggam de ang mat kaw Pawfo ngu ai hkaq shi ai. ai. Raitimung wa gumhtawn langai mi nga ai. Dai hkaq Shing-rai Kuli hpung hkrat ai shara kaw kabye shi makau lam lahta maga ni gaw dai lunghtawn shara loi mi nga taw ai. kaw lagat gat kung no nga ningtsa de lung nna, hpri Shing-rai n-gam mahka kaw ai. Lana de mi hta dai gat shingban ni hpri tawng hpri wa tsap taw nga yang, nlung kun ghpe di sha woi ma ai. shanghkawp ni hte lam ntsa ni ru hkrat wa ai gaw Ja Li Gat kung di ai shaloi, masha de htu gyi jahkrat nhtawm kaw langai mi mung n ang yawng marai shi langai kaw lam de nlung sumpu wa ai. Lapai maga na magyi na Ja Li hpe chyu sha lagat jang, tsun lai wa sai mahtat pawt nra yang kaw lungdin ni jawm gawa sai. Ngam ai la-ing de galau jahkrat kau kasha langai sha hkra ai. Bai masha marai shi kadai hpe nga ai. Nlung kaba ni hpe noi lung wa na matu mung mung n gawa nga ai. Hkum taleng jahkrat dat ai shaloi, n manu nga ai. Manang ni ting kaw lagat gawa da ai mahtat la-ing kaw du jang, e kawa yan ladawn ya nna rai nna, hkum ni yawng

Hparat Panglai Journal 9 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018 bum mat sai. Dai shana ai. Shawng e pru mat wa ai ai yu ji wa kaw sa tsun na gaw sinda chyat nna yup n masha hpung ni gaw shawng matu yi kaw nga ai Nayap lu ai. Dai shana gaw shata shaning na yi shari yi wa Lum Hkawng ngu ai wa hpe lahkawng lam kuli galaw kaw masha langai mi dung sa saw woi nna, modo lam ai shata htum shana mung na shara daram krin taw hkan hkrat wa sai. Yu ji wa rai nga ai. Hpang shani gaw nga ai yi wa ningsa de sa gaw, Danga Bude kaw nga jawng hpaw sai. Raitimung ai ni rai nga ma ai. Shawng na zawn nawn nna tam hkrat bat mi daram jawng n lu sa shawng kaw nna ta kaw wa ai lam rai nga ai. Danga mat sai. Baw hte hkum ting lama ma byin ai hpe salang Bude kaw kuli hpung ni hte kaw jung mat ai lagat balen ni dum ai. Dai majaw shaba n hkrum ai. Shing-rai ga gaw di nna, mahkawng dat wawt yu ai shaloi, shawng htet kau da nna, kawoi dwi yang Udi wan seng langai shaning na yi shari yi wa a mang taw ai Shamkyaw hpring re. Bat mi a hpang kaw nta masha langai ngai de nsin e bai du lung wa e shakut nna jawng sa lung a numla dam ai ngu shaba sai. Shan du lung wa ai ten ai raitim myi ni naw bum ai hpru nga ai. Dai yi gaiwang gaw shana hkying 9:00 pm hte laika atsawm n lu yu ai. gaw kinla kawng ngu ai yi daram rai nga sai. Jawngma Lagat gawa hkrum ai hpang gaiwang re. Kade a numla manang ni nta hpring hkra shata mi ganoi du wa ai dam ai ngu shaba bai galaw nga nga la ma ai. Hpang shaloi nta de na masha marai wawt yu ai shaloi jawng de jahpawt gaw mang hta kau lahkawng sa wa ai. Dai yan nga ai Ja Li a numla ngu nna na rai sai. Mam mu ta nmut sa tsun ai shiga gaw Ja Li shaba lap kaw madun ai. ten re majaw, mare ting na hpe nta de chyahkring mi Lagat kawa hkrum ai majaw salang ni kadai mung n nga naw wa shangun na ahkang numla dam ai n rai nga ai. ai ten ang nga ai. Mang hpai sa hpyi nga ai. Nta de hkan Hpa majaw nga yang lagat ai lam, mang lup ai lam ni nang wa ai shaloi nta na ni ni gaw Ja Li hpe sha gawa hta Ja Li shi nan galaw ra shawoi na hte laklak lai lai ai. Shing-rai numla n gu ai mat ai. Yawn let hkrap let bawm la ma ai. Yup shara majaw lagat gawa ai rai nga mang lup sa wa sai. Lup mung dawdap kaw n re sha ai. Numla dam ai lam gaw sunghku sa htu ai shaloi, kaji dwi a yup gawk kaw Chihpwi zup kaw di hkrat ai shang hkawp hkaran wa ai shayup ma ai. Hpang shani shaloi dam mat ai mai byin rai nna, shanghkawp galaw gaw salang marai 4, 5 dang nga ai. shachyaw ai ngu yang lata maga ga de sa mat wa ai 1958 ning hta gaw kaw kahtam la sai. 1959 hpe mu dat ai. Shat dap jawng de grai laklai ai lam ning hta gaw tsang 4 lung kaw mung nbaw kabaw ai n nga ai. Raitimung Ja Li ai shaning re. Jawng dat ai tsa ni mung malum ma ai. jawng lung lu hkra jawng hte Myitkyina ginwang a Kade n na yang hkawm mat de hkan sa ai kawoi dwi kabu gara shiga gat hkai ai wa ai ni bai du wa ai. Shat n nga mat ai shaning rai campain kaw lawm na matu, dap kaw lajang da ai nbaw nga ai. Lani mi a shana campain ningbaw rai nga ai. shat Udi, shan, tsa tsamai ni maga de jawng lung nga ai Tanghpre na hpung-up sara hkuawn kaw bang nna gawk Shamkyaw mare na yu ji wa Latau Naw htet kau da ai. de la shang wa ai. Dumsa a nta de jaujau sa woi la ma Dai shaning na wa lalaw ngut jang dai lu ai. Nta du wa yu yang kawoi Dumbang buga hpung a sha ni Ja Li hpe shawng jaw dwi n nga mat sai. Shing-rai Hkritmas gaw shawng e nna, jawm garan sha ma modo lam shara ra kaw nga Ja Li shi jawng lung daw

10 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015. dawq kau da ai Pungwa Jawng wang kaw ang nga ‘Legacy of A. Z. Phizo is ai. Hkristmas nhtoi gaw 24th,25th rai nna, 26th ya the foundation of Nagaland’ shani manam bra ai. Ja Li (Speech delivered by I. Temjenba Lkr, Kedallo, FGN, mung dai poi de aten dep on the 28th death anniversary of Dr. A. Z. Phizo, du na hku re. Raitimung former president, NNC and Father of the Naga Nation, sanpoi htai da nna, mahtai April 30, 2018 at Phizo Hill, Kohima, Nagaland) n na shi ai aten re. Raitim jawng up wa Jumzang Naga Wondin (May 1, 2018) Hkawng Dau gaw ,tsang 4 awng sai hku jawng htawt lakmat ka ya dat ai. Dai jawng htawt lakmat hta Maran Gam ngu ai Ja Li nga nna, mying ka ya ai. Dai lam gaw jawng up sara kaba Jumzang Hkawng Dau kuptsup ai lam rai nga ai. Shing-rai shi htet dat ai gaw sasana bungli hta shakut u, sanpoi gaw awng sai ngu nna, Angami Zapu Phizo, Father of the Nation, sha myit nu nga nna tsun The man who gives his all for his people ai. Jawng htawt lakmat (May 16, 1904 - April 30, 1990) hpe sumbu kaw bang dat Our land is our heritage. ya ai rai nna, gara hku To none shall it be surrendered. ka da aihpe n chye lu ai. Mr. Chairman, Manhkrin jawng kaw by a Funeral Organizing Madam Eli Adinno jawng mying sa bang ai Committee (FOC), who was Phizo, President, NNC, shaloi, jawng up sarama selected by the unprecedent- Gen. (Retd.) Viyalie Metha, kaba Maran Hkawn Lum ed crowd of Naga Public, Kedahge, FGN, National jawng htawt lakmat kaw who were assembled at the Leaders, Pastors, Ladies and mying lahkawng rawng Naga Club Building and its Gentlemen. ai. Lahkawng yan bang premises on the morning Firstly, I thank you all na kun? gara mahtang of 1st May, 1990 for the for being here to pay respect madung ai nga nna san Funeral of A. Z. Phizo- The and honour the life of Dr. A. ai. Ja Li mahtang madung accepted Father figure of the Z. Phizo, Father of the Naga re ngu nna, tsun dan ai Naga People and Nation. Nation. This Graveyard is majaw, dai shani kaw nna Later, it was formally a place of Reverence, of mying madung bai lu la ai approved by the Tatar Hoho Peace and a Heritage for re.☐ (Parliament) of the Federal the people, the present and Government of Nagaland. Hpang nah lang bai the future. It was organized matut na : (HPJ). Hparat Panglai Journal 11 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018 Twenty seven years The indisputable right Delhi to send delegates ago, on 30th of April, 1990, of the Nagas, stated that to witness the Naga Vol- Dr. A. Z. Phizo suddenly the Nagas are not Indians untary Plebiscite. passed away at the age of and that Nagaland is not a 4. May 16, 1951 Plebiscite 86, quietly and peacefully part of the Indian Territory, was successfully con- at his house in Bromley, Phizo said. ducted. London. Our Nation lost his 1. Your birthright as a sov- 5. March 22, 1956 formed invincible leadership. Every ereign person. the Federal Government nation is led by a leader. The 2. Your possession of land of Nagaland. success or failure of a nation as your own personal 6. July 26, 1960 held an is seen through its leader. property. International Press Con- The legacy of leader 3. And that the way of life ference in London. A. Z. Phizo to our people is in Nagaland which is 7. October 8, 1960 submit- the foundation of Nagaland. rooted in the system of ted the memorandum Because of his visionary pure democracy. entitled “The Fate of the national leadership and sac- These institutions are the Nagas” to the United rifice our nation stood out highest Human achieve- Nations Head Quarters, alone in the sea of changes ments. Human kind has New York. around us from the old order been yearning for this is As significant, he to the new era during 1946 what we have inherited registered our nation in the to 1990. from our Forefathers. consciousness of the world.

A. Z. Phizo on becom- He was really the architect I would like to state a ing the President of NNC of Naga nation. few remarkable achieve- in 1950 immediately began And also like him other ments and extraordinary to direct the course of NNC leaders, late Imkongmeren worked he had carried out into a political conscious- former NNC Vice President, for the Naga nation. ness, and brought all regions Late Zashei Huire, Kedahge, 1. The declaration of Naga (tribes) together as single many of Phizo’s contem- Independence on the collective nation. He next porary leaders and many 14th of August, 1947, took a national referendum, Naga Valiant voluntary was informed to the by conducting a National soldiers and national work- UNO, New York and the Plebiscite on May 16, 1951 ers from different Regions British India Govern- by giving a choice to the of Nagaland were staunch ment, in New Delhi by people to decide wheth- supporters of him and have Telegram. er to stay Independent or sacrificed their whole lives 2. January 1, 1950, A. Z. join India. The result was for our nation. Let this Phizo wrote a letter 99.9 percent of the Naga generation of Nagas never to the United Nations people were against join- forget that it was because of regarding the 16th May, ing the Indian republic. He their sacrifices of yesterday 1951 Naga Voluntary also brought in our Eastern that we are, what we are Plebiscite to remain sov- Nagas to join the mainland, today. Therefore, let us to- ereign and a free demo- and established the Federal gether again prepare to face cratic nation. Government of Nagaland on the challenges ahead with 3. March 29, 1951 inviting March 22, 1956. conviction, determination Government of India in 12 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015. and rectitude for our nation. months in jail, They were indignities and sacrifices In 1955 his (Phizo) released. they have rendered to the family members were arrest- Lastly, I on behalf of nation. ed by Indian Armed Forces the Naga National Council I have faith that God and put them into Kohima and the Federal Government alone will lead us towards jail, after five months they of Nagaland, salute the the destiny of the Naga na- were all again transferred Father of the Nation, his late tion. ☐ to Nowgaon Jail in Assam Lady wife Jwane Phizo and at the completion of 19th children, who have endured God bless Nagaland.

SINGPHO HKAQ JAWH POI (Sangken: Arunachal Pradesh’s Water Festival) by : Bilaseng Namchoom & Nnau Brang Nan Photo : Arif Siddiqui

water at each other. Festivals, of many types, serve to meet specific needs, as well as to provide entertainment. These times of celebration offer a sense of belonging you happen to be in zeal in the Tai Khamptis, to religious, social, or Arunachal Pradesh Singphoos and Tangsas If geographical groups. on the 13th of April, Stay (Tikhaks) inhabited Modern festivals that focus Indoors. Or step out if you districts. It marks the on cultural or ethnic topics love water…. and getting advent of the New Year and seek to inform members of wet! For it’s a given that is celebrated in April. A their traditions. you won’t escape the water festival or gala is an event, Sangken is akin to the balloons and buckets of usually and ordinarily staged festival of Holi and Thailand water as the Tai Khamptis, by a local community, which festival of Songkran. Though Singphos and Tangsas centers on and celebrates it is celebrated all over the (Tikhaks) communities some unique aspect of that Tai Khamptis, Singphoos celebrate the Sangken, the community or a festival. and Tangsas (Tikhaks) New Year Water festival. This three day festival is inhabited districts with Sangken festival is celebrated with tremendous great enthusiasm, it is in The celebrated with fervor and gusto with people throwing Hparat Panglai Journal 13 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018

Land of the Golden Pagoda from inside the Namsai and Chongkham, Chong to the chapel Empong, Phaneng and in the premises. Karoni (Assam) that these People stream communities hold the very towards the Chong important ritual of bathing and offer their the Buddha and people from prayers and sweets all over come to witness this and sprinkle holy event. The pouring of water water over each of is symbolic of the cleansing these. Only after of the spirit, mind and body. During the festival, this is done are the sweets Sangken the New Year statues of Lord Buddha are distributed to different Water Festival that usually brought out of the Chong houses and consumed. falls around the month of (temple) and placed in a Every Khampti village has a April (Noun Ha) is the first chapel (temporary shrine) temple which is the centre month of the year. It is a in the premises then of the community’s activities Theravada Buddhist festival ceremoniously washed with and during the Sangken celebrated over a period of clean water on all days. festival, this is where the three days culminating in Buddhist scriptures (Lik), people of the village go to the New Year. The dates of Peepal tree (toun Puthi) and first, to offer their prayers the festival are observed as monks are given a symbolic and for Son- Fra (to pour the most important public wash with clean and scented water over the idols, peepal holiday throughout the Tai water. tree, scriptures etc) to Khamptis, Singphoos and Before the festival cleanse their soul and pour Tangsas (Tikhak) inhabited officially begins, homes are clean water/holy water over districts of Arunachal cleaned and sweet aromas fill others to enjoy and bond Pradesh. Water throwing or the air from the preparation and also as an expression of dousing one another from of sweets like khau-tek, happiness over the good year any shape or form of vessel khaomun sen (fried biscuit), gone by. or device that delivers water khaomun tong tep (biscuit Some places like is the distinguishing feature wrapped in leaf) etc. All Empong (Chongkham of this festival and may preparations like plucking circle), Phaneng (Piyong be done on all days of the of flowers and procuring of circle) and Karuni (Assam) festival. candles and incense sticks are considered holy places for prayer are done (Ti Met) where people well in advance and specially go to pray to be everyone eagerly blessed with good luck and awaits the sound to have their wishes fulfilled. of the drum beats People go to the temple in and gongs from the the morning and evening temple which herald during the two-three days of the beginning of Sangken to offer prayers and the festival with the for Son-Fra. The reinstalling removing of the idols of the idols inside the temple 14 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015.

at the designated time on the roads. In the morning abstain from harming living marks the end of the festival and evening mothers with beings, stealing, sexual celebrations. enthusiastic children, misconduct, lying and With time comes young girls in groups in intoxication. Undertaking change and changes can be traditional attire, old and the five precepts is part of seen even in the celebration young men, all holding both lay Buddhist initiation of the festivals while small buckets and baskets and regular lay Buddhist adhering to the true spirit of filled with flowers, candles devotional practices. the festival. Change can also and incense sticks can be They are not formulated be seen in the perception seen proceeding towards the as imperatives, but as of the reasons for the Chong. training rules that laypeople celebration of the festivals. For a friend, going to undertake voluntarily to Earlier it was a religious the temple for prayers and facilitate practice. It is festival during which the Son-Fra, drenching friends during Sangken (from the people would go to the with water and visiting the time of Long-Fra to Fra- village temple to offer their temples of the holy places is Khun) that all the people prayers together. Now each not only a means of enjoying maintain and follow the Five and every preparation for the spirit of celebration Precepts of Buddha during and during the celebration and a way of bonding with which people maintain has a different significance family and friends, but is a strict abstinence from for different people. On also a way of atonement killing and hurting animals being asked, a sister of and washing away of sins and plants, imbibing in mine said that the best part committed, in the process, intoxicants and spending about Sangken was the cleansing the soul so that the money besides trying to anticipation of the exact new year can be started with stay away from the lure of time for the festival to a fresh perspective. worldly temptations. begin and the preparation Buddhism, for the So the Sangken is and distribution of sweets Tai- Khampti people, is not just a festival to mark to families/ houses in the not just a religion but a the end of the old and the village. The distribution of way of life. Although it is beginning of the New Year, sweets for her meant the difficult to follow all the but it is a celebration of the sharing of joy and happiness teachings of Lord Buddha end of old wounds, hurt and to all and also means a visit to the letter in day to day bad feelings and the start of to friends and relatives and lives, it is done during friendships, relationships enjoying the treats they the festival time. The Five and life anew with a pure had prepared. Another said Precepts constitute the basic mind, heart and soul. that the best part was the Buddhist code of ethics, The water is supposed to sense of calm and quiet that undertaken by lay followers wash away bad luck - so prevails during Sangken of the Buddha Gautama in consider yourself blessed if with the slowing of the the Theravada as well as in you get drenched! Wishing pace of life. Everyone is Mahayana traditions. The you all a very happy Sangken in a happy mood, smiles precepts in both traditions Poi. May Lord Buddha bless are everywhere and fewer are essentially identical You. ☐ vehicles and crowds are seen and are commitments to

Hparat Panglai Journal 15 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018 BUDDHISM SASANA hteq KACHIN HPANSHAN B.D. Maran

achin hteq Sam gaw Michell ka matsing tawn ai lahtaq shara deq nna nga Knini htephtep ginru htaq mu lu nga ai. John F. hkrat wa ai Tarung ni gaw, ginsa wachyum warum Michell tsun ai htaq, “Nam- shanhte shawng shawng matwa ai. Ndai shara gaw, yung gaw, anhte lamugah kawq Assam bugah ginra Hkeh Yunan-Sakhkung jarit kahtawng rai nga ai; deq ginru ginsa buh htawt mungdaw, Man mungh hteq Jinghpaw ni gaw kadai hpe shang mat wa ai Nara ni Galar Northeast ginra ni, mung, ndai shara htaq lai na hpang deq, bai hkannang rai nga ai. Ningpawt rudiq ahkaw ahkang n jawq nga sa wa ai, rai nga ai. Ndai gaw, lagaga rai shajang ai; Capt. Jenkins wa hpe aten htaq, n myit mada ai nga ai. Ndai hku nga hkrat mung, ndai kahtawng kaw sha, Jinghpaw ni nga nga wa ai ngu ai hpe lamugah 1869 htaq jahkring pat hkum ai lamugah ginra hku laidiq shara mying ni, bum mying hkrum nna bai shabawn ang ra mat ai. Dai shaloi, ni, hkaq mying ni, tsun ninghtang dat kau ai.”*1 Jinghpaw ni gaw shanhte ni shaga aga hkoishap lah lang Lahtaq nah mabyin hpe jahkring tawn kau maq mat wa ai ni .... gaw sakse masa zawn, Jinghpaw du ai. Shanhte ni tsun hkrat wa madun ya nga ai ngu yang, magam ni nga ginra shara ai hku nga yang, manga ning n shut nhten! Mabyin masa hku nna Tairong (Tarung) ram Jinghpaw ni kata kawq ginlam ndai hpe dinglik amyusha ni, Hukawng pa nga rawng mat ai. Raitim, hkachya na matu, Hukawng layang gah kawq nna Assam ndai htaq jan hkra, nga kau pa nah ginru ginsa pratpra Brahmaputra valley deq na maq ai. Shanhte ni nah satlawat la-ngai hpe shawq ginru ginsa lai shang wa tsun shaga aga ni hpe malap madiq madun mayu nngai. maq ai. Ndai mabyin masa mali byin mat wa du hkra rai Hukawng pa layang gah hpe Capt. P. R. Gurdon wa, mat nga ai. Jinghpaw tsun htaq, Jinghpaw ni shanhte “the Royal Asiatic Society shaga aga hpe n dum shami du magam hteq shanhte Journal” htaq sanglang bang hkaplah lang mat wa ai du gaiwang shara hku, shanhte tawn ai gaw - “Ndai Tairong hkra rai yang, shaning kaba jadip jahpang madang (Tarung) ni, Jinghpaw tsun naq na re. Dainih du hkra, masa hku nga nga ai. Jadip shaga aga hku hkrai, tsun Tarung ni gaw Jinghapw jahpang madang satlawat lang mat wa ai. Laklai tsun shaga aga hpe chyusha, masa hku nga ai htaq, Nam- nga ai. Matut sanglang tsun shaga nga masai.”*2 yung mabyin hpe John F. tawn ai gaw, Maliq hkaq Tarung ni tsun shaga nga

*1 John F.Michell, “The North-East Frontier of India : A Topographical, Political and Military Report”, 1973 (reprinted), Calcutta, P.126, in which he says, “Nam-yung is our frontier village, and the Sin- ghpo will not allow any one to pass beyong it. Capt. Jenkins was stopped at this village in 1869 and ordered to return.” *2 The Royal Asiatic Society Journal, Vol. xxvii, 1895, P.157: “Strange to say these Tairongs themselves spoke Singhpo, the explanation of this being as follows - the Tairongs, who originally lived some- where in the direction of the Upper Irrawaddy started for Assam to join some Naras who had preced- ed them thither. Unfortunatedly for them they had to pass through the Singpho country. As they passed through the country they were taken captives by the Singphoes. They remained as captives for five years according to their own account, but probably for longer as they quite forgot their own language and adopted the language of their captors. It is strange that even to this day Tairongs talk nothing but Singpho.” 16 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015. ai Jinghpaw aga hpe kasi Jau hpungkyi, Buddhism (nikban), sape (disciple, bang dat ai. Dai gaw, gsd. htunglai, Buddhism makam tabyiq), ... ni rai shajang nga - “Hkau, datpung dem yu masham ni hpe Kachin ni ai. Ndai gasi gahkaw ni gaw, gaq, loi manisum rai uq” ninghkap mayu ai myit, Jinghpaw shingjat kata deq, ngu ai hpe shanhte Tarung ni n raq sharawng ai myit ni ru jung mat hkrai rai nga ai. gaw, “Hkau, photo dawk yu n nga nga maq ai. Yesu Buddha philosophy nkau ni gaq, ninggup hpyiq maluq nah lam, Hkristan makam mung, Jinghpaw kraw ni e, yu uq”, “kara zen gaq” ngu masham ginlam mung n galup nga ai. Akyang lailen ai hpe “kara katawng gaq” na yu, n chye nga ai aten nkau hkan, maluq mashah ni daq. Shanhte ni tsun shaga rai nga ai. Tsun gaq nga hkan du hkra, dandawng nga ai hpe Jinghpaw ni chyena yang, Buddhism sasana ai. ya nga ai. hteq Kachin la-pran kawq Nini htephtep nga Ndai mabyin masa kata manghkang n nga nga ai. hkrat wa, htingluq htinglai htaq, htunghking lailen, Jinghpaw myit masa ni htaq kasawt hkrat wa ai majaw, tsun shaga aga n bung hkat pyi, Buddhist myit masa Jinghpaw mung Sam hteq ai Jinghpaw shinggyim majun (concept) ngam kap dinghku rawn, Sam mung wuhpawng hteq Sam lawm hkrat wa ai hpe, mu Jinghpaw ni hteq dinghku shinggyim wuhpawng ni lu ai. Gashadawn, Hukawng deshah rai ginrawn nga kayau kaya rau chyawm nga hteq Assam ginra nah ni hkrat wa ai mung, lawm maq ai. Aten galu htaq Sam htaq, shinggyim masha si ai. Deng-ninghkan, Sam nah sali wunli Jinghpaw mat ai hpang, shi sak hkrung Gam, Sam Chying Gam, deq kap, Jinghpaw nah aten htaq galaw matwa ai Sam Naw, Sam Awn, Sam sali-wunli Sam deq kap rai satlawat ntsa kawq hkan nna Laq, Sam Du, Sam Dah, shajang ai hpe, mu lu ai. dusat du-myeng, shinggyim Sam Hpyen, Sam Hkai, Sam Lachyum bai htaq gaq ngu masha (snr) lagyit bai paw Tai .... ngu nna nga hkrat, yang, Tairong (Tarung) ni ai zawn, la-ngai ngai galai pratpra wa gaq ai. Sam hteq Jinghpaw htunglai, tsun byin shayan nga ai, ngu ai mayaw htinggaw deshah ai shaga aga kap mat wa ai. makam majun (concept) ni hkan, dinghku nah kashu Tarung ni hpe shachyen kap ngam nga ai. Ndai hpe kasha ni gaw Sam ma kaji shaga dat yang, malawng Jinghpaw ni “jat galai” ngu ni hteq hpungkyi jawng maga gaw “Daifa” (Daihpa) nga maq ai. Dai sha n-gah, deq ganawng sa lawm ai. ni re lam tsun wa maq ai. Buddhism nah gasi gahkaw Laika sharin ai. Jinghpaw Daihpa (Daifa) myinghkawt ni Jinghpaw deq lawm wuhpung e, laika n nga kap lawm ai hpe sawn rawng wa nga ai. Sanskrit, shi ai. Laika sharin jawng dinglik yang, Daihpa hteq Pali, Myen hkriqdun gasi n nga ai. Sam wuhpawng Tarung sharara (snr) ginru gahkaw ni rai shajang nga e, hpungkyi hpe yu kaba ginsa hkrunlam htaq matut ai. Dik-kadik nna tsun ai. Hpungkyi gaw mandan ginrawn nga hkat ai gaw, yang, Christian Jinghpaw gahtar lawkleq, tsi ma-wan, danleng nga ai. Jinghpaw Chyum laika ni hkan, mulu laili laika, bedin taq makar ni hpang deq gaw, Buddhist nga ai. Gsd. - nammukdara hpaji hparat nga ai wa, rai makam masham htunglai (Sanmudara), sasana, nat, nga ai. Shinggyim wuhpung kap nang wa ai. Kachin htaq ngarai, manggalar, alu, htaq lam shagu kawq Christian sasana n dushang mandan, gahtar, satan, kamhpah hkrum ai wa, rai shi ai ten hkan kawq, weni, wut, duqhkaq, likban nga ai. Shinggyim wuhpung

Hparat Panglai Journal 17 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018 hpe woiawn ai ginra daju wa Chyamut Nawng, bai Kanu gumgai hpe mayuq re, ngu yang mung n shut si shakram kau dah nga uq bugah ginra deq n wa sha- nga ai. Hpungkyi jawng ai. Myit kaji garen nga ai ngun ai sha, Dingsi ginra lung jang, koyin (novice) Dingsi duwa jan, Sam num kawq hpara, hpungkyi rai wa ang ai. Jahtum deq Santhani gaw kasha Dingsi jawng galaw shachyawq gaw, Buddhist de rai mat wa “Nawng” yan “Laq” hpe ya nhtawm, jawngdung jau nga ai. Ndai masa hkrang tsun uq ai gaw - “Ma yan e, hpungkyi U Zinaya (U San) hku nna mung, Jinghpaw ni nanhte ninghkau, ningtsa, hpe shagah woi tawn ya uq Buddhist deq gale mat wa ningji mayuq ni gaw hpara ai. Jau hpungkyi U Zinaya ai. Sam jan tai ai Jinghpaw jawng, hpara hteq nawku gaw Maingtawng hpungkyi num ni nah kashu kasha ni dawjau nga maq ai. Nanhte jawng nah hpungkyi rai nga gaw, Buddhist deq gale mat ningwah prat kawq nna yaq ai. Dingsi gumgai Sam num ai lawq malawng rai nga ai. du hkra, jawng hpara ngu na wa mung, “hpara, tarah, jau Hpakant Dingsi mung n nga, hpungkyi jau hpungkyi” (ဘုရား၊ တရား၊ ginra nah Dingsi duwa ni hpara mung n nga, shata si သံယာ) gaiwang deq nawkuq (ကံစီးဒူ၀ါ) Buddhist makam ten du jang, shata ninghtoi dawjau shang nga mat ai. masham hkrang deq gale matmat ai hpar, nsin chyip Ndai kawq nna Dingsi amyu mat wa ai hpe, bai yu gaq. zawn, yaq mung Karai ni Buddhist rai matwa ai. Dingsi duwa Chyamut Hpara n nga, jau hpara n Shanhte Dingsi amyu ni Nawng (ပဗၺတရာဇါဘြဲ႕ခံ၊ nga, sasana ninghtoi n htoi, sha, Buddhist gale ai n rai. ဖာလဲအသွ်င္ေစာ္ဘြါးၾကီး) sasana nsin chyip zawn byin Dingsi ginra, Dingsi duwa gaw, Sam num Santhami nga ai. Dinghtaq mungkan gaiwang kata nah Jinghpaw (စံသာမိ) hpe hkung-ran lahkawng yan htaq mai kaja ni mung, Buddhist deq gale lah ai. Dingsi ni gaw, hpa n mu mat niq nngai. matwa ai. Jinghpaw ma Hkatcho hteq Maingtawng Ngai, sha-ngai chyinghkai ni mung, hpungkyi jawng Sam Zawbwa kasha ni kanu mung ugut gu asak htaq laika sharin lung wa hpe lah bang tawn maq kung sai majaw, myit simsaq ai. Sharin ya ai hpaji ni ai. Dingsi ni gaw natjaw na matu hpara jawng, jau mung, Buddha Dhama, rai nga ai. Dingsi Duwa hpara nga ai ningtsa ningji Dhammathat, Pali, Vinaya, Chyamut Nawng gaw, mayuq ni shara de wa sana Payeikgyi, Lawkanadi, kasha “Nawng” hteq “Laq” niq nngai”,*3 ngu uq ai. tsi, bedin ဗုဒၶဝင္ (history yan hpe ngam kau da nna Kasha Dingsi duwa yan of the Buddha), ဗုဒၶဝစနံ 1868 AD e, si wai mat wa gaw, kanu gumgai garen (words uttered by Lord sai. Kanu gumgai Sam gari tsun ai aga hpe n tawt Buddha),.... zawn re ni rai num mung, Dingsi jan tai lai lu nga maq ai. Kanu nga ai. Buddhist philosophy matwa ai hpang kawq nna ni gaw kasha ni ntsa htaq gaw Natjaw philosophy gaw Buddhist htunglai shingwang shingkang htaq madang tsaw nga ai. makam masham hteq tsan kalup lu ai. Chyeju maduq Hukawng pa e Buddhist gang mat nga ai. Maduq rai nga ai. Kasha yan gaw, sasana gaw Jinghpaw ni

*3 OD;an,sbd0HoHZ? yAÁw&mZgbGJUcH? uHqD;rSwfwrf;tx¬KwfyÜwdÅ” ? 1969? rEÅ”av;?P-48/ 49/ 50/ om;awmfESpfyg;wdkY igwdkY\ trsdK;rdbbdk;bGg; wdkYonfausmif;uefbk&m;? udk;uG,fMunfndKjcif;&dScJhavonf/ oifwdkY\ bcrnf;awmfvufxufupí ,ckwdkifatmif ausmif;uefbk&m;? &[ef;oH,mr&dSjzpfcJhNyD/ vuG,faeYa&muf? va&mifaysmufíarSmiftwd a&mufouhJodkY? ,cktcgvnf;xdkenf;wlpGm bk&m;w&m;? oH,mpaom &wemta&mifxGef; ajymifvif;jcif;r&dS? omoemarSmiftwd&dSaeojzifh? avmuoHo&mESpfjzmqdk&kd; aumif;usdK;rjrif? arG;rdcifrSmZ&mbdpD;? ausmif;uefbk&m;?oH,mrsm;&dS&mae&if; XgeodkY jyefygrnf/

18 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015. kawq e, lahtaq nah mabyin yang, Hukawng ginra pa nah Ghaya gah deq ningshawng masa satlawat kata htaq, Jinghpaw nkau ni Buddhist du ai wa, rai nga ai. Lord ginchya ginrang kap shang deq gale ngut masai. Buddha asak hkrung ai wa ai, rai nga ai. Hpungkyi Jau Dinglar Zau aten nga kau tawn ai labau India Singpho deq Tu gaw ask kaba ugut gu shang ginra shara shagu deq, shang wa ai Buddhism ai shaloi sheq, Hukawng hkawm du kau dah nhtawm, sasana mung, Hukawng pa kawq nna Assam pa Assam deq bai ninghtang Jinghpaw ni kawq nna deq sa ai, rai nga ai. Asak wa ai. Hpang jahtum, Assam bai rai nga ai. India nah gawngkung mat sai majaw, ginra Margherita kawq nah Buddhism sasana raitim, lam la-pran hkan shi hpe baq Phakial kahtawng htaq wa Indian Galar masha ni hku hpai sa wa maq ai, rai nga hkring nga mat ai. Ndai nna n rai nga ai. Singhpo ai. Jau Dinglar Zau Tu, shi shara e, Jau Dinglar Zau ni yawng ngu na ram, hkum nan mung, hkrunlam Tu gaw Buddha hpungkyi Buddhist hkrai rai nga maq htaq hkrum mahkrum masha jawng la-ngai gawgap nna ai. Singhpo ni Buddhism ni yawng hpe Buddha Buddhist sasana magam makam masham hpe hkap na matsun maroi makam bungli hpang wa wuq ai. lu lah ai, kamsham hpang masham htung tarah lailen Hpungkyi jawng hpe dainih wa ai aten gaw 19th century ni hpe tsun hkaw dan mat du hkra, “Samuk Sing” ngu AD htum wa deq, rai nga wa ai. Assam hkran deq rap nga maq ai. Hpara gawkngu ai hpe tsun madiq tawn nga sa ai ngu ai gaw Buddha mung, gawgap tawn nga ai. ai.*4 Hukawng pa kawq Ghaya*5 Singhpo ni nah ningshawng nna Jinghpaw Buddhist Jau de hpara nawkuq labau shang Singhpo hpungkyi Dinglar Chaoto buhkawm (pilgrim) sa wa hpungkyi jawng la-ngai (Tingla Chrato, Chaodoo, ai, rai nga ai. Assam du ai mung, rai nga sai. Buddhist Dinglar Zau Tu) hku nna shaloi, Jau Dinglar Zau Tu sasana hpe Duanias ni hpang Buddhism sasana hpe gaw Singhpo ni nga ai mare deq shawng, shawnbang India Singpho ni hpang kahtawng shagu deq du dat uq ai. Singhpo tsun deq, ningshawng woi bang shang nna Kamrup deq bai shaga aga lang ai Duanias wa ai, rai nga ai. Tsun lai sa mat wa ai. Ndai aten ni gaw, Singhpo hteq Assam gaq nga yang, Singhpo htaq Assam kawq British ni Mungnum mayam num ni ni nah Buddhist sasana shang nga sai aten rai nga ai. kawq nna kahtap pawpru ningpawt gaw “Hukawng Kamrup kawq nna Gauhati, wa ai Singhpo amyu rai nga Zau Tu” rai nga ai. Assam Gauhati kawq nna Buddha ai.*6 Duanias ni hpang e ginra kawq nah Singhpo Ghaya deq matut rawt mat gaw, Singhpo ni hpang deq ni Buddhist deq n gale shi wa ai. Kachin htaq Buddha bai Buddhism sasana kahtap

*4 – S.Dutta Choudhury, “Arunachal Pradesh District Gazetteer – Tirap District,” Govt. of Aruna- chal Pradesh, Shillong, 1980, P-53. - Parul Dutta (Director of Research), “The Singphos,” Itanagar, 1990, P-107. *5 Buddha Ghaya is located in “Magadha” (rm*'), Bihar state of India. At here, Gautama, the Buddha was perfected under the ficus religiosa (anmifAk'®[? anmifaAm'd the banyan tree). *6 – Maran Brang Di, “Prat Ningnan Wunpawng Ahtik Labau Kadun,” (Manuscript), 1996, New Dilhi, P-31. - E.T.Dalton, “Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal,” Calcutta, 1872, P-10. Hparat Panglai Journal 19 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. IIIII 2018 chyambra, hkapla kamsham mat wa maq ai. Jau Dinglar Saiko Singpho Jau Zau Tu wa mung, Singhpo (Ven. Narinda Bhikkhu) kahtawng shagu hpungkyi (Singpho amyusha htunghking hteq laili laika lamwoi jawng galaw shachyawq ningshawng Jau) na hteq hpungkyi jawng Maio, Arunachal Pradesh, India shagu htaq jawngdung jau hpungkyi tawn na matu hkrang shawq, woi galaw hpang wa ai. Singhpo dum ntah shagu htaq nawkuq jawqjau Buddha hpara pinra Jinghpaw hpungkyi jau tawn masat maq ai. Singhpo ni gaw, Ven. Galang Ja ni nah Buddhism makam Gun, Ven. Sam Dang La, masham gaw, kri jung nna Ven. Nsa Du Naw, Ven. ngangngang kangkang Ndau Gam, ... ni rai nga kamsham myit jung taw sai maq ai. Ven. Urang Gam makam masham madung rai Jr. gaw, Danai Hpungkyi nga ai. Tsun mayu ai gaw, jawng htaq rai nhtawm, masha ni Buddhist rai nna Ven. Urang Laq gaw Buddhist byin wa ai hkrang Tarung Hpungkyi jawng hpan, n rai nga ai. Nalanda dung rai nga maq ai. 1950s dakkasu, Sri Lanka dakkasu, Jau A. Pannasara Ura Singpho htaq Ven. Njoi Gam gaw Delhi dakkasu, ... ni hkan Ura Jau gaw, tsun shaga Buddha makam masham mung, Singhpo ni “Buddhist aga hpan 19 hpe tsun shaga hteq kapyawn nna Alawng Dept” e Buddhism, Pali ni lu nna laika hpan 12 hpe Sagya hpungwoi hpawq chye htih, chye ka uq ai. Shi hpaji ni sharin hkachya ai ai ninghkan, Hukawng pa mung, nga nga sai. gaw, Singpho Dictionary (English, Jinghpaw, htaq Buddha sasana grau 20th century AD htaq, Assamese, Singpho, Hindi) chyamshang matwa ai sha Hukawng pa ginra kawq, hpe ka shaprawq tawn ai n-ga, India Singhpo ginra Jinghpaw ni la-pran htaq wa mung, re. “All India du hkra, matut sasana Buddhist sasana magam Radio” nah Sinhalese Dept. hpungjat galaw awngdang bungli hpe woi gunhpai e, Sinhalese ga gale mung, matwa ai. Danai mare ka- matwa ai wa gaw, Tawngdan gunhpai wa nuq ai, re. ang nah Jinghpaw hpungkyi Sayadaw U Pa-nya-zaw-da Shanglawt hpyenlar magam jawng kaba hpe 1932 ning ngu ai Jau Urang Gam rai gun galaw na nga nna KIO htaq, Ven. Urang Gam nga ai. Jau Urang Gam gaw, Ningbaw Kaba Maran Sr. wa woi galaw hpang Brang Seng hpe New Delhi Hukawng pa nah Buddhist ai, rai nga ai. Ndai hpe Jinghpaw hteq Sam ni hpe e, tsun yu sai wa re. New Delhi, India. 1961 ning htaq, hpungkyi lamwoi ningshawng galaw kaba Badanda Turiya ya lu ai wa mung, rai nga (အဂၢမဟာသဒၶမုေဇတိက) bai ai. Laga ngam ai Jinghpaw du wa nna sha-ngut shakreq Buddha community nah lah lu ai, rai nga ai. 2000

20 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. IIIII Established 2015.

Singpho Community, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India

AD htaq, Hukawng pa ginra grup-yin htaq Jinghpaw Buddhist ntah htinggaw 100 (+) nga nga sai.

Kachin makam masham gamung htaq, “Zau Tu” lahkawng nga nga ai. La- ngai gaw “Sinlum - Zau Tu” rai nhtawm, Kachin Christian ningpawt hpang Jauhtawk (novice) yan wa ai daw htaq nah hpung- hteq sangken ginsup ai up kaba rai nga ai. Ngam ai Singpho ni laga la-ngai gaw, “Hukawng - Zau Tu” rai nhtawm, Kachin Buddhist ningpawt hpang wa ai jau kaba la- - Parul Dutta, “The ngai rai nga ai hpe, mu lu Bibliography Singpho”, 1990, Itanagar. ai. Shanlahkawng yan gaw, - John F. Michell, “The - Maran Brang Di, “Prat tinang kamsham ai hpe North-East Frontier of Ningnan Wunpawng majen je sharawt matwa India : A Topographical, Ahtik Labau Kadun”, ai yan mung, rai nga maq Political and Military (Manuscript), 1991, ai. Lama-wa, Kachin ginra Report”, 1973 reprinted, New Delhi. htaq aten dep Chirstian Calcutta. - E.T. Dalton, “Descriptive sasana n du shang wa ai - The Royal Asiatic Society Ethnology of Bengal”, rai gaw, Kachin makam Journal, Vol. xxviii, 1895. 1872, Calcutta. ☐ masham mung, Singhpo ni - OD;an,sbd0Ho"Z zawn Buddhist de malawng “yAÁw&mZgbJGUcH? uHqD;rSwfwrf; yawng matwa na satlawat txkwfywd? 1969? rEav;å / nga wa sai. Ndai gaw, aten - S. Dutta Choudhury, galu htaq shinggyim masha “Arunachal Pradesh pratpra masa htaq hkan nna District Gazetteer – byin chye matwa ai hkrang Tirap District”, Govt. of satlawat la-ngai rai nga ai. Arunachal Pradesh, 1980, Shillang.

Hparat Panglai Journal 21 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018 Kachin Communities Worldwide Demand United Nations Security Council Urgently Refers Burma To International Criminal Court Nnau Brang Nan (23nd April, 2018) Innau Gah, AP, India

Burma military or to other ethnic groups in fired by Burma Army’s Thebroke the Burma. The Burma military Danai - based Regional ceasefire with the Kachin has used these tactics to Operations Command at Independence Organization instill fear and control in Awng Lawt village in Danai in 2011. Since then, their attempts to destroy township. residents of the Kachin our ethnic identity, destroy On April 11th. Shan region have endured various our religion, colonies our Naw San, a seasonal banana forms of human rights lands, and steal out natural plantation worker from violation as well as denial resources. Laiza, was hit and killed by of humanitarian assistance Despite their an artillery shell from 23 by Burmese military. Their obligations, the international rounds of heavy artillery daily lives have also become community, including fired by BA forces stationed dictated by the ebb and flow members of the United at Hka Ya Bum and Bum Re of armed conflict in their Nations Security Council, Bum toward Lang Ta Bum area. Recent developments have failed in their duty to where KIA Battalions 23 & in the Burma Burma Army uphold international law. As 40 are stationed. military campaign in the a result, calculating that the On 14th. April the Kachin region have forced international community is military fired heavy artillery thousands of civilians to flee too weak to enforce the law at Dumbung village and their villages and many are and hold them to account killed U Kyaw Myint Oo. currently trapped in conflict for their crimes, the Burma These are war crimes, areas. military is escalating attacks but not one country has Our people have against ethnic groups in condemned these killings been subject to numerous the country, including in and promised to take action violation of international Rakhine State, Kachin in response. law, including executions, State, Shan State, and Residents of the Lai torture, forced displacement, most recently breaking the Nawng Hku are now in forced labour, rape and ceasefire in Karen State. Man Wai, they are under other forms of sexual In recent weeks the constantly surveillance violence, confiscation of Burma military has killed of Burma Army and are property, arbitrary arrest three Kachin civilians and restricted from further and detention, and denial of one Karen environmental movement. Pajau villagers humanitarian assistance. community worker. have fled to the Chinese These types of human On April 11th. Npawp boarder, and Kasung rights violations are not Naw Ring (aged 22) was villagers to Namti due to new to the Kachin people killed by a 105 mm howitzer intensified fighting, over

22 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015. past weeks. During last The United Nations international law taking week, over 2,000 villages should move ahead with place within Burma, and the from Awng Lawt, Sut Ra, the appointment of the international community and Sut Ring Yang fled their Special Envoy to Burma and should not hide behind villages to escape incessant immediately dispatch the more false investigations artillery fire from the Burma envoy to Kachin areas and announced by the Army. Now, at least 1,200 negotiate free movements government of Burma as an are trapped in the jungle. and humanitarian access. excuse not to uphold their We do not expect the We would like to see responsibilities. condition of these civilians China, India, United States, Members of the to improve anytime soon, and ASEAN serve as United Nations Security as local sources report of mediator to seek sustainable Council must support a continuous arrival of Burma resolution to prolonged resolution referring Burma Army infantry troops to civil war in Kachin region. to the International Criminal the Kachin region. Kachin This agreement should be Court. community and religious upheld by an international UN Security Council leaders have appealed to the or regional peacekeeping members which fail to authorities for permission mission to Kachin Region support a referral to the to evacuate the trapped to enforce repositioning of Internal Criminal Court civilians to safety. However, troops and protect security are not making a neutral they have not been of civilian populations. decision or simply failing successful in their appeal. There is no shortage to act. They are making an It is also important to note of evidence of violations of active decision to allow that even when this specific international law committed the Burma military to keep episode of humanitarian by the Burma military. The killing ethnic civilians. crisis subsides, another one United Nations has been We are only asking will arise because the armed documenting these crimes United Nations Security conflict is ongoing. for decades. A detailed Council members to do As the Burmese assessment in 2016 stated their job. To uphold their military’s culture of that what may amount to responsibilities. Ending impunity remains war crimes were being the Burma military’s sense unchecked, Burmese committed in Kachin State of impunity will have government is unable to and Shan State. The United an immediate impact in exercise rule of law or Nations has also stated that reducing human rights capacity to protect life of human rights violations in violations, and holding them its citizens. We are once northern Rakhine State may to account for their crimes again appealing to the constitute crimes against is essential if Burma is ever international community humanity and even amount to be a country with peace, to hold perpetrators of war to elements of genocide. security, genuine democracy crimes and crime against At the same time the and where human rights humanity held to account government and military in and ethnic diversity are before current conflict spills Burma continue to commit respected. over to bordering regions. human rights violations of

Hparat Panglai Journal 23 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018 The signatory Foundation 32. Kachin Association of organizations: 22. Kachin State Women Australia (KAA –NSW) 1. Kachin Women Union – Network – KSWN KWU 23. Kachin National Media contaet: 2. Kachin Women Organization – Japan Mr. Mungdan, Email : Association – Japan 24. Kachin National [email protected] 3. Kachin Women Organization (Denmark) Phone – +95 925 9460 650. Association – 25. Kachin Women’s Burma Association of Thailand Ms. Khonja, Email 4. Pyoe Development – KWAT : [email protected], Organization 26. Kachin Canadian Phone - +95 942 5288 899. 5. Kachin Association Association – Canada Mrs. Moon Nay Li, Email Norway 27. Singpho Youth : kwat.sccretariat@gmail. 6. Kachin Nation Organization, Arunachal com, Organization Pradesh, India Phone - +66 855 233 791. 7. Kachin Community UK 28. The Kachin Relief Fund (KCUK) (UK charity) Mr. Hkanhpa Sadan, Email 8. Wunpawng Ninghtoi 29. Community Health And : gumsan@kachinalliance. 9. Kachin Peace Network Development (CHAD) – org, 10. Kachin Alliance Burma Phone - +44 7944 240 774. 11. Kachin Community New 30. Kachin National Mr. Nsang Gum San, Email Zealand Social Development : gumsan@kachinalliance. 12. Kachin Community Foundation org, Sweden 31. Kachin Litrature and Phone - +1 443 415 8683. 13. Kachin Community Culture (JLH) Singapore ☐ Germany 14. Kachin Community Czech Republic 15. Kachin Community Cartoon Netherlands 16. 16. Humanity Institute (HI) 17. Shingnip Kachin Legal Aid Network 18. All Kachin Youth Union (AKYU) 19. Kachin Refugee Committee, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 20. Kachin Development Networking Group – KDNG 21. Htoi Gender and Development

24 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015. ga/laika hpe teng jailang Mungkan Gatlawk Lapran na nga ai ni re ngu mung, n lu tsun ai. Hpa majaw nga yang, Wunpawng rai nga N Law Amyu ni a Ga/Laika len, Wunpawng n tai shakut Maraw Naw San ai sha n-ga, tinang hte grau LL.B (Myitkyina University) ai ngu hkam la da ai maigan M. Div (Myanmar Institute of Theology), ni hpang hkan nang, nga M.A (English language Teaching; Assumption University of Thailand) shakut ai ni mung law la nga ai. Dai majaw, masha law Gahpaw Myit mada lam nna poi n byin ai satlawat UK mungdan kaw Ndai zawn re satlawat zawn rai wa nga ai. Ndai na dakkasu langai hta, ga kaw na lawt lu na matu, zawn re masa hta, tinang ga/ hpungtang hpaji ninghkring mungkan ting na hpaji laika hpe ningja sharawt na (linguists) ni zuphpawng munu 100 ram gaw Ireland, matu mai kaja ai bungli ni nga ma ai. Shahte shaga Miwa, Australia hte Spain hpe amyusha hpaji masa hta garu nga ai lam gaw lata mungdan ni kaw na n tatut hkrang shapraw sa wa latup mi ram re masha ni law amyu ni a ga/laika ra saga ai. a amyu ga hpe sharawt na htunghking sharawt sa wa EU ngu ai Yurop ging nga nni? nga gasan hpe lu na matu, Wales sinna daw Gumhpawn rapdaw kaw na htailai nga ma ai. Teng nga Carmarthen zuphpawng hta gaw tinang a shangwang yang, mungkan hta jailang hkrumzup bawngban lai kata na n law amyu ni a ga/ nga ai amyu ga/laika hpan wa sai. Tsun mayu ai gaw, laika n htum n mat grin nga hking kru (6000) jan nga ai. mungdan kaba kaw na n law na matu, ladat shaw makawp Raitim, shoihpa hkrum nga amyu ni gaw dai mungdan maga ai masing ni nga ai. ai amyu ga ni hpe makawp kaba ni a lakawn ai hpe Dai hte maren, shanglawm maga ai wuhpung kaw na hkam la lu nga ma ai. Sut ai mungdan shagu mung ndau da ai hte maren, n law hpaga lam hta n-gun n nga myithkrum ai lam ta masat htum amyu ga 500 hte 1000 ai mungdan ni kaw na n law mahkret nna shoihpa hkrum hpe lata latup mi ram re amyu ni a ga/laika gaw masa nga ai amyu ga/laika ni hpe amyu bawsang ni sha jailang lam amyu myu hte htum mat ningja sharawt ai lam hta nga masai, nga ai. Shaning magang ra nga ai. Euros gumhpaw Sen Wan shagu amyu ga/laika hpan Grau nna shada sharin 2.7 didun ya ai lam nga ai. 25 daram gaw htum mat nga ginlen da ai lam n nga ai Ndai zawn re kaba ai hpe mung, shadum nga ai. majaw, dai amyu ga/laika la ai garum shingtau lam Tsun mayu ai gaw, shi ning hpe manoi ai ni si htum ai tianang mungdu uphkang laman hta amyu ga/laika hpang, shanhte hte rau amyu salang ni n lu galaw ya tim, hpan 250 ram gaw, htum ga/laika mung htum lawm htunghking sharawt ai poi mat magang nga ai hpe myit mat nga ai. Daini na aten lamang ni hta gaw dangdi ai n pyaw let, yu shalai ra nga hta, Wunpawng ga/laika hpe ram didun lawm mai nga ai. ai. jailang ai marai kade rai nga Dai hte maren, seng ang ai ai kun? jahpan tuphkrak n lu mungdaw/mungdan rapdaw tsun nga ai. Masha jahpan lu de mungmasa hkringmang tim, dai ni gaw tinang amyu ni shawa a nsen tai ra nga

Hparat Panglai Journal 25 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018

ai. Dai sha n-ga, tinang mung hta na mungshawa jawng ni hta tinang ga/ laika tara shang sharin lu na matu (snr) HTENZA MAGANG tinang amyu htunghking the, ga/laika HKYEN SAI hpe sharawt ai laika matsun ni hte hpaji ANHTE A ginlen lu na matu mung rapdaw hta tang madun tsun garu let, tara upadi hkrang MUNGDAN NDAI shapraw ra nga ai. Grau nna, n law amyu Hpauyam Kaw Nan ni a ga/laika, htunghking ni hpe makawp (Mung shawa Tsi Jawng, Laiza) maga ya lu ai masa ni hpe mung ningpawt tara tawn lu na matu shawa ni Karai Wa jaw ya ai, mung nsen shapraw mai nga ai. Nye a mungdan ndai. Gahpundim hta, tinang a amyu ga/ Shingteng amying Wunpawng Mungdan, laika nga ninglen, kadai mung tsun Karai jaw ai Wunpawng Hka Nan. shaga ka lang ai n nga yang gaw, dai amyu ga/laika hpe jasi ngu masat ma ai. Jiwa ni du daw sai hkaw, Tinang amyu ga/laika ahkrung nga lu na Nga mu nga mai lam sak jaw. matu gaw, yawng dai amyu ga hpe sha Chyanun prat kaw na, shaga ra ai ngu matsun ai hte sha gaw n Daini ten du hkra. mai nga ai. Grau mai kaja ai lam gaw, Maden zinghka, mungkan pinra hta amyu kaba ni lapran Madu da ya. asak hkrung lu na matu shada tinang ga/ laika hpe jailang let mungkan gatlawk ga Bumtsaw marawn lai, hpe mung jailang ra nga ai. Tsun mayu Hkashi hkanu hkrai. ai gaw, tinang amyusha ga hpe mung Utu chyangngau ni garu, shalat, mungkan gatlawk ga hpe mung n Brang ram ma ni hpe jasu. tat ai masa rai ra nga ai. Ndai masa gaw Katsi bungshi ni ahpawt, tinang ga/laika n htum n mat hkra, n-gun Hpun kawa ni manawt. dat ai lam rai nga ai. Dai majaw, daini na shinggyim masha ni gaw tinang ga/laika Nhprang sut rai hpring, sha n-ga, n law htum ga hpan 2 chye ra Ga sau namhpun ing. nga sai rai. Namsi namsaw sawng, Dwi sau namchyim rawng. Shamyet ai laika ni: Nsi naisi hpring, - BBC News. (2010). Are dying Chyahkyi shannga hpring. languages worth saving? From http:// www.bbc.com/news/magazine-11304255 Pu sawm nampan ni pu, Tsi hkrung tsinan aru ru. - Foley, J.A. (2016). Multilingualism: the Cooperative and Territorial Shing-ra makau grup-yin, Imperatives, Lectured at Class of Mungdan sut rai ginhtin. Language Acquisitions, Assumption Du hkra ladaw grai kaja, University of Thailand (accessed on Hkai lu hkai sha hpaga ga. August 10).☐

26 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015.

HTI YU NNA SUMRU CHYAI,

Hkaraw nhkap shagu, MUNG MASA N-GUN TAI Chyurum sha ni machyu. Maru Brang Kum (Jeyang IDPs Camp) Majoi shing-ra bum, Myusha ni a dawhpum. 1. Chye masu ai wa masu yang gaw, masu na re ngu myit hta dum tim kam kau ya, hpang na lang bai Amyu lakung shagu, masu tim dum ninglen kam kau ya ai. Masum Chyu langai hta chyuq ai chyu. lang ngu na bai masu yang naw kam ya jang gaw, Karai Wa jaw ya ai, Htunghking lailen masa, masu ai wa a mara n rai sai, kam ya ai wa a mara Nye a mungdan ndai. Myu myit shangang ya. she rai sai. 2. Dusat hpe jahkrit yang gaw, kade lang jahkrit Shingteng amying Wunpawng Mungdan, Manau nau ai amyu, tim hkrit ya chye nga ai. Shinggyim masha hpe Karai jaw ai Wunpawng Hka Nan. Mungkan e danhkung lu. jahkrit yang gaw lahkawng masum lang hkrit ya Jiwa ni du daw sai hkaw, Jiwa makam hpe shachyaw, jin jang, maren shinggyim masha re majaw shi Nga mu nga mai lam sak jaw. Jiwoi hkringhtawng hpe dagraw. bai hkrit mat hkra nhtang galaw chye ai. Chyanun prat kaw na, Maigan sasana sara du, 3. Majan ngu ai gaw, manang wa a lamuga Daini ten du hkra. Karai makam hpe lu. mungdan kashun ai majan re majaw, mungdan madu rai teng ai wa asum sha n jaw kau yang Maden zinghka, Kaga myu ni marit, gaw shaning latsa ning n-ga majan mai byin taw Madu da ya. Anhte mungdan de htit. nga ai. Bumtsaw marawn lai, Maigan wa shang bang, 4. Myen mung labau hta mu lu ai Pyu, Kan-yan, Tet Hkashi hkanu hkrai. Prat dep jak rai lang. (ပ်ဴ၊ ကမ္းရံ၊ သက္) ngu ai amyusha ni gaw, majan Utu chyangngau ni garu, Maigan wa gaw shawnglam, n gasat ai sha, mat mat ai amyu tai mat nga ai. Brang ram ma ni hpe jasu. Madu ni gaw mayam. 5. Jinghpaw Kachin ni a numjaw numla ai kaw hpuja hpyi, hpuja dawn hkat ai, hkaujaw hkauya Katsi bungshi ni ahpawt, Nam maling sharawq hkru, ai htunghking gaw, amyu mat mat mai ai Hpun kawa ni manawt. Nam nga dusat hkrap garu. htunghking nan rai nga ai. Nhprang sut rai hpring, Hpun kawa yawng krin mat, 6. Ndai zawn re numjaw hpu hpyi, sharu shayak Ga sau namhpun ing. Ana ahkya she law jat. hkaujaw hkauya htunghking hpe mat n mai nga Namsi namsaw sawng, Ga sau namhpun ni tawq, nna manat tik tik re ai ni gaw Karai mungga n Dwi sau namchyim rawng. Makau grup-yin hkun hkrawq. shang ai myidi nahpang, amyusha rawt galu kaba lam pat ai ni rai nga ai. Nsi naisi hpring, U numji ni hkringsa shara, 7. Amyu langai mi a mat mat wa mai ai lam the Chyahkyi shannga hpring. Yawn madai let tam hkawm nga. Ya daini yawng htenza, galu kaba wa mai ai lam a npawt gaw, dai amyu Pu sawm nampan ni pu, ni a htunghking hta madung nga ai. Tsi hkrung tsinan aru ru. Anhte a htingbut hting-ra. 8. Kachin ni mungdan bai lu madu na ngu ai Shing-ra makau grup-yin, Bai gram sharai na matu, gaw, Myen hpyen wa pyi madung n re, lamuga Mungdan sut rai ginhtin. Nang ngai myit dum ra sai lu. mungdan hpe hpanda ai Karai wa hta she, madung rai nga ai. Du hkra ladaw grai kaja, Bai tsit tsawm wa hkra, 9. Wunpawng mungdan gaw, Wunpawng myusha Hkai lu hkai sha hpaga ga. Ya jang nut ra nga sahka! ni a mungdan majing raitim, sa kashun ai mungdan damya wa hpe asum jaw laknak

Hparat Panglai Journal 27 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018 jahkrat mat yang, anhte mahtang n tara ai MANU DAN AI amyu ni tai mat na rai nga ai. 10. N-gun grau ja ai wa dang ai majan gaw n tara SHINGGYIN ai majan ngu lu ai. N-gun grau kya ai wa dang ai majan gaw, tara ai majan ngu lu ai. MASHA 11. Wunpawng Kachin ni the lakung sanit the, TAI RA SAI myit hkrum mang rum ngang ngang the mungdan majan gasat ai rai yang, Myen Shagawng Brang taihpyen wa hpe anhte dang na rai nga ai. 12. Myen taihpyen wa anhte hpe shagri brep mat hkra roirip zingri ai kaw, hkrit nan shagri brep nan mat ai rai yang, anhte gaw mungdan madu Karai wa a man e kang n ka, sadi n dung ai ni tai mat ai. 13. Myen hpyen wa anhte hpe kaya n chye gumroi gumrip majan hpaw gasat taw nga ai ngu ai lachyum gaw, ndai amyu ni myit n hkrum nga ma ai ngu yu kaji ai lachyum sha rai nga ai. 14. Simsa lam ta-masat mahkret ai ngu ai gaw, kam ging ai ni a man e hkamdahka lam n nga ai kaw ta-masat mahkret kau yang gaw, amyusha ni a du hta, sumri gyit nna, sharaw ungkan pinra hta nga pra kaba n-gup de dun karawt bang kau ai sha, tai Mshajang ai shinggyim masha mat na rai nga ai. hkum shagu gaw, shi manu hte shi 15. Daini na Ramma nkau mi Wunpawng nga ai hkrai re. Shinggyim masha Htunghking buhpun lam, madum sumhpa yawng gaw, kadai mung kadai shi lam the moi na tinang amyu yu-ngwi aten du jang si wai mat wa na hkrai manawng majing laka, jaiwa, shangawn, oiye re. N nga mat sai KIO Tingnyamng manawng nsen ni hpe n kam mahkawn, n Up Maran Branng Seng tsun da ai kam hkaja, kawng n nawn mat ai hpe yu yang ga hta, “masha gaw si na hkrai re; amyu woi shamat mayu ai ni gaw dai ni nan nkau mi a si ai namnak gaw bum rai nga ai. kaba ram rai nna, nkau mi a si ai 16. Laika ka sara langai mi si mat wa ai gaw namnak gaw, U Mun ram tsang nga amyusha ting a sum machyi kaba rai nga ai. ai” ngu ai re. Wunpawng ga hku 17. Tinang kam ai makam masham lam hta masha langai si ai shaloi, “si sum ngangkang ai wa n rai yang, Ningbaw Ningla ai” ngu rai nga ai. Myen ga hku tai wa timung, ngangkang ai Ningbaw Ningla (ေသဆံုးျခင္း) ngu nna sum ai manu n tai lu ma ai. (Dead value) kade ram rai ai gaw, 18. August 30 ya na, FM shiga hta anhte yawng tinang hkawm sa shamu shamawt ai hkungga ging ai Wa Sarabyin Franciss Myen hta she, hkan sai. Shinggyim masha mung de sa du na matu, Shadip Magam kawn kadai raitim tinang dinghkrai a nga saw shaga dat ai hpe, November hta sa du na pyaw lam tang pyaw sha tam ai lam hpe na lu ai majaw grai kabu nga ga ai. ☐ wa (Gsd – Ka-ni ya zawn re) gaw,

28 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015. shi si yang kadai wa yawn gaw shi nni nhkri si hkrum nga ai. Dai zawn sha, kaga na rai. Kundinghku langai wa na hpe tau chye nga mungdan hkan na mungdan a matu sha tinang gaw, nga ninglen shinggyim masha a ningbaw ningla ni kasi mu nga mai lam galaw nna hpe hkyela ai amu galaw yu la hpa law law nga na sak hkrung ai shaloi, tinang lai wa sai. Dai majaw, shi re. Shinggyim masha gaw si yang dai dinghku masha si mat wa ai a manu gaw tinang a labau tinang nan ni sha yawn na re. Dai hte hpa hte mung, shingdaw n ka ai re majaw, tinang sak maren, mare kahtawng lan- lu nga ai. American Mung- hkrung nga pra ai ten ladaw gai a matu tinang mai kaja dan hta shanchyang amyu hta shawa a matu mai kaja ai amu galaw ai rai yang, (Negro) ni hpe shanhpraw ai amu bungli kade daram tinang si yang mare ting amyu ni lachyen lahka, dip galaw ai hta hkan nna she, jawm yawn na, mungdan da hkrum ai kaw na woi tinang manu dan ai n dan ai ting a matu tinang mai kaja shalawt ai ningbaw Martin gaw mahtai pru na re. Daini ai amu bungli galaw shakut Luhter King, Jr wa mung, mungkan hta manu dan ai, ai rai yang, tinang si yang shi hpe shanhpraw ni gyam manu dan lai wa sai ni a lam mungdan ting a jawm yawn sat wa ai lam ni nga tim, hpe maram yu yang shanhte na rai nga ai. Dai hku nna si shi asak hpe hpa zawn n gaw shingyim masha shada ai a manu gaw tinang galaw nawn ai shakut lai wa sai. hpe dawjau ai, shinggyim hkawm sa ai magam bungli Shi woi shakut ai a marang masha shada hkye shalawt hta hkan nna tsaw mat wa shanchyang amyu (Negro) ai amu hpe galaw ai ni hkrai na re. Jau si ai, hpanghkrat ni lam shagu dip da ai kaw re. Dai zawn re tinang a si ai, hpaji chye ai, n chye ai na lawt lu masai. Mertin asak, nga mu nga mai lam ni gaw ahkyak n re. Gara hku gaw 1968 ning hta gyam sat hpe tawn kau nna, shawa a lachyum nga nga sak hkrung ai hkrum sai. Raitim shi si ai matu mai kaja ai amu bungli nga pra lai mat wa ai gaw namnak gaw tsaw ai majaw, shakut ai ni chyu sha, manu shinggyim masha a manu rai ya daini American Mungdan dan ai shinggyim masha nga ai. Masha nkau mi sha- hta shi hte seng ai madun byin tai wa nga ai. Manu wa a matu, mungdan a matu gawk ni nga ai. 1983 ning dan ai masha gaw, masha nga nna shakut ma ai. Rait- hta shi hpe shagrau ai hku she si mat tim, mying gaw n im hpang jahtum tinang a nna Shadip Magam Rapdaw si ai sha danhkung taw nga jinghku jing-yu hte dinghku pat nhtoi hpe Upadi hte tara ai. masha ni a matu sha, rai mat shang masat da masai. Dai Daini anhte Wunpawng wa ai ni mung nga ma ai. hte maren, Myen amyu ni a amyusha ni hta manu dan ai Tsun mayu ai gaw magam ningbaw Bugyuk Aung San masha law law wa ra kad- bungli galaw let, gau ngwi wa si mat ai gaw shanhte awn nga ga ai. Dai zawn re masha a manu yawm mat wa a matu, sum kaba nan rai manu dan ai masha hkum- ai hpe mu lu ai. nga malu ai. Aung San wa ding dek n tai lu tim, shin- Yesu Christu mung, mung shi a sak hkrung ai ten ggyim wuhpung wuhpawng mungkan dinghta ga e sa ladaw kadun tim, shanhte hta manu dan ai masha law nga ai ten ladaw laman Myen amyu ni a matu mai law wa rai yang, lam shagu shinggyim masha ni a matu, kaja ai amu law law galaw hta rawt jat, galu kaba nna manu dawdan n lu na dar- lai wa sai majaw, shi hte anhte a sak hkrung lam a am mai kaja ai amu ni hpe seng ai htingnu ni, masat matu, shimlum ai hte hpring galaw wu ai. Yesu Christu dingsat shara ni law law nga tsup wa na ga ai law. ☐

Hparat Panglai Journal 29 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018 GAWLA UK LAUBAN DA BA SAH (Arabian Maumwi) Latau Seng Awng (Jeyang IDPs Camp)

Shatkan kawsi (1), de a shawng e magang, bawnu gumhpraw denggah grau sumru magang, (2) hkoi mat wa, ai wa mumu maimai lusha daini chyawm gaw lu la ni a bat sama grau na rai sa. Gara hku ta? marawp hkrup lu Manang wa gara hku law.” magang rai nga ai. Ta Hket grai gaya ai Dai zawn sha, “Ta majaw, myiman Hket” sumru nga nu ai hkyeng nga nu ai. ai. Azuya a kasha, “Ta Hpa mung n chye tsun Hket.” mat wa ai. Grau nna Ta Hket grau kawsi pye mi hkoi na masha mu gaw kawsi dik rai nga ai ten nga nu ai. Shi lusha n mu yang gaw, ngu myit nga nu ‘ga tsun chye dik ai Da Ba sha ai lahkawng ya rai sai. ai. Gumhpraw she lawm Sah the, ga shaga na atsam Mi shawng e nta langai mi yang gaw myit n kaji dik ai gachyi mi pyi n rawng nga a wang kata na ‘Maihpang seng madu pyi ‘mani sum nu ai. “Sorry law, grai hpyi si’ lahkawng lagu di sha ai rai’ hkaptau na re ai hpe chye nem ai law. Gumhpraw pyek hta lai, hpa mung n mu sha nga nu ai. mi mung n lu ai” nga, nyam shi nga nu ai. Dai hpang, Dai zawn, sumru let nyam nga tsun nga nu ai. “Ha langai bai di na ngu yang, nta gahkrang hkawm nga yang, n lu yang gaw, lu hkra galaw madu jan mu nna matsa dat grai n kam hkrum ai masha u le.” Da Ba Sah gaw matsan ai majaw, hprawng mat wa langai hte man hkrum katut dum ga mi n ga. “Ja denggah nga nu ai. Dai num jan lam dat nu ai. Gawla Uk lauban (1), gumhpraw denggah (2) de pru nna marawn jahtau “Da Ba Sah” galu kaba re sha gaw kaning di tam tim lu ai nsen ‘Ta Hket’ gat de du ai wa rai nga ai. Ta Hket mai ai, tam nna lu jang hkoi hkra, na kaw na n pru hkraw gumhpraw hkoi lang ai la ai ni bai wa.” nga nu ai. lawlaw hta na “Da Ba Sah” “Tinang a kawa a Kaja wa nga yang, Ta gaw n hkru dik. Ta Hket jinghku mung rai, tinang Hket marawn matsa ai hkrup gumhpraw hkoi la nna tsun ra ai ten hta akyu lu ai hpe sha ai majaw sha, gat dut da ai hte maren n jaw ai mung myitdum rai ra ai gaw” num ni a ka na namsi ni n majaw, “Da Ba Sah” gaw nga tsun nga nu ai. Ta Hket shaw sha hkrup ai rai nga ai. tsun jaw, ngu jaw, matsut jaw bai tsun ai gaw “gammaka Ya gaw shi gat kaw du taw dik wa rai nga ai. Da Ba Sah gaw ngai hpe kachyi mi pyi n nga sai. Shatkan mung, ah- gaw Ta hket hpe mu dat ai garum ai mi! ngai ganing di kyu nga ngoi nga ai. Gat kata hte rau, “ha… ha… ha… Ta chye na na rai?” ngu tsun dat e shi hte chye hkat ai ni nga Hket wa i! ngai tam nga ai yang, Da Ba Sah gaw, “ha… na kun? Sumru let gahkrang salang wa she, rai nga ai. Lai gammaka hpe gaw mara hkawm nga nu ai. Gumhpraw wa sai shata hta “ja denggah hkumshagun le, tinang a ra 30 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015. sharawng ai hpe wa n seng Sah hte n chye ai n nga ai Makau grup-yin na ni a ju n ang ai hpe mara shagun daram mung rai nga ai. Dai gakang da ai bainam magyi nga yang gaw, galoi mi she hpang, Ta Hket hpe yu nna gawa makret sha ai nsen ni gam kaja wa na mi? n kaja ai ga bai tsun hpang ai. “Ul Ta Hket a na hta tup rai nga hkrai hkan nang nga na sha hpa maga de na rai wa ai la sai. Manam pyaw ai lusha re nga tsun let, gaigai seng langai tsun ai. Ul hpa kaw na ni mung, Ta Hket a makau e de shang dung ga. Ngai nang sahti langai a nta hta laklai tup rai nga ai. Ta Hket chyu hpe maumwi langai hkai ai nlung hpan myu mi hpe sha, hpa lusha mung n lu. Da dan na” ngu tsun let, seng ahpa sha di ret nna, hkawawt Ba Sah mung, shi sha ai muk kata de woi shang wa nga chyinghka kaw shakap da hkyep sha pyi, “sha u” ngu nu ai. Ta Hket mung kade ai. Marang htu yang, nhku mung, n tsun. gaya ai raitim seng de grai kata de marang n shang na “Ya ngai tsun na shang mayu ai majaw myit matu re da. Dai lungpa gaw maumwi gaw” nga tsun let, hta kabu, kabu nga let, hkan shinggan de mung asan sha Da Ba Sah bainam magyi shang nang mat wa ai. Da Ba mu lu ai. Raitim nsam gaw bai makret sha dat ai. “Nye Sah seng jut shara mi de woi ahtoi re ai rai nga ai majaw, prat shawng daw, Gawla Uk mat wa ai. Sagu panep langai hkawawt chyinghka kaw lauban byin wa ai lam re, hpra hte dung ma ai. Seng nna mu lu ai nsam mung ngai moi kalang mi hta Siriya madu kau sako mani sum rai myu mi rai shai ai. Ta Hket, mungdan e mayam tai yu ai, du sa wa ai. Da Ba Sah chye nang gara hku mu ai. Masha dai lam nanhte na yu ai i?” ai hte maren n agam hkra langai a myi hte yu ai hta nga san yang, shanhte yawng shanghkrum lat, he.. hkangse hpan mi hku sha n re ai kaga maumau rai nna n na yu ai la ngai na matu bainam hku mung mu lu mai ai ngu ngu ma ai. Ngai naw kaji magyi langai, shan lawlaw, nang myit lu ai i?” ngu san ai ten, Da Ba Sah bainam sau hte namsi namsaw, yang, “mai byin ai” nga Ta magyi kalang bai hta makret namlaw namlap, muk tawng Hket htai ai. Ta Hket a myit dat ai. “Nye Wa a bungli kaba yawng hkum hkra hta Da Ba Sah a ga hta, shi hpe sharin la ai. Gumra daw jahkrat ya rit. Kawsi sai, hkru a shawng kaw tawn da ai galaw ai bungli, Wa a bungli hkra sha na. Oh… nang nye bainam magyi hpe grau yu galaw let ngai dinghku de jinghku wa na matu mung nga nu ai. “Re… Ta Hket ai. Bungli kungkyang ai lam hkum malap, shi na matu hpa majaw, nga yang, ngai n nga ai majaw, gumhpraw gatsi ai hka dibu kaba langai nan mungkan ga hpe jaw ai nau n lu ai. Nye madujan la sa wa ya u. Duhkra ladaw hku n yu ai sha, nsam hpan hte ramdaw lusha lu ai grai sa-up nga ai. hkum ai hku mu ai. Ya ngai daram sha re. Raitim, kaja Ta Hket grai myit daw tsun na maumwi gaw ‘jaw’ ai hkrai ra ai tinang a shang mat nu ai. Da Ba Sah bainam ai hku bai mu la ai nye a gumhpraw hte n dep ai magyi sha nga ai hpe hka mahkrum madup re.” Da Ba hpe hkrai mari ai. Dai ten lu nna dung yu nga ra ai Sah maumwi hkai na da law, hta ngai zawn re ai ni hpe mabyin. Raitim, Ta Hket hpa nga makau grup-yin na ni gumhpuk shamyawk ai ni hte mung n tsun, tsun na lam shada da tsun hkat nga ma ai. hkrum ai. Ya n jaw lu tim, n mung n nga. Da Ba Sah gaw Shanhte a sagu panep ni lasa ra ai, la mat wa u. Hpang e Kachyi mi pyi n shayawm, wa nna Da Ba Sah a shawng jaw u nga nna hkoi ya shagu seng kata nga ai ni yawng kaw Waqdi chyen hkrang la ai. Kaja wa nga yang, hpe mani let, ta sharawt nna hku sa dung ma ai. Yawng tinang a shang gumhpraw shakram nga nu ai. Du Ba a ka-ang e gaw Ta hket. hta jan nna jai ai lam gaw Hparat Panglai Journal 31 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018 matsan tsi gayau lu ai hte la ai rai ni hpe “Jiniya” yu ai. Tsawmra mi tsawm bung ai lam n myit dum ai. muklum de htaw sa nna dut ai, raitim grai raidum ai Buhpun palawng tsawm ai. Lu ai gumhpraw garan nsam hpe sha mu lu ai. Gwi tsawm re ai ni la. Nye la, jai ayai sha, gumhpraw langai, nyau langai daram madujan a matu mung mari, maq jang bai mya hkawm, pyi ahkyak n la ai hku rai lu yawng hkoi ai hkrai, nnan kalang mi na gaw hpaga la ai. Kaji dik lahkawng gaw daw gaw rai taw nga ai. ni hpe shabrai hte garum ai, woi zawn hkyik… hkyik… Raitim, hpang e hka n dang mare masha ni hte hkrum hkyik… nga mani nga ma waq sai. Hka hkrai waq nga nna dai ni e rim la ai hkrum ai. Shanhte ngai hpe dawdan yang, sha na n lu wa sai. Dai ai. Ngai hpe gaw Siriya na matu, langai hte langai majaw, koi hkawm ai raitim mungdu langai gumhpraw shada lit jaw kanawng hkat mu ai kaw mi hpyi tik tik dengga (2) hte mari la mat ma ai. Hpang jawhtum, Se rai bang wa ai majaw, ngai wa ai. Kaga mayam ni hpe Ra grai n kam ai zawn re mung myit htum wa sai. zawn sha, labu dingsa langai ai nsam hte “dawn kau sai Dai kaw nna manghkang kabai ya ai. Baw krin kau gaw, anhte kaw grai nga ai. grau kaba wa ai. Dai majaw ya ai. Raitim, ngai nau n Gawla Uk gawn lajang chye nye madujan mung kawa chye hkrit shi ai, Lani mi ai langai mi ra ai, nga ai ni a nta de hprawng mat sai. gaw lawt na re. Mahkrum mung langai mi pyi lang n Ngai mung kaga kahtawng madup rai u ga. Hpang e mai ai. Daini ngai Nu hkum de hprawng nna Gawla Uk tsun chyai na matu, rai u ga n pyaw ai majaw nta naw hte hpaga ga sha ai masha ngu sha myit ai. Nye madu wa na ngu ai. Gara myam langai kaw bungli galaw ai. gaw ngai hpe shi a madujan mung kam n mai ai majaw, Jaw ai mi sha rai, gumhpraw ni marai mali hpang de woi myitru ai. Shi hpe chyawm mung n lu re ai majaw, myit sa wa nna,” “ndai kaw ngai san yu u.” “Nang Gawla Uk ru nga yang grau ai de ngai mayam langai mari wa ai. atsawm chye gawn hkang du mat wa ai. Laknak n Nanhte ra yang, ndai wa hpe ai i?” ngu nye madu ngai lawm ai hpaga la ni a Gawla dawn kau nna jaw da na,” hpe san ai. Ngai grai kabu Uk ni hpe gashun, le kaw “ngu tsun ai shaloi she, ngai mat ai hpe magap da nna, gashun myaq sha, htaw kaw grai hkrit gahpra mat ai. Dai htai ai. Mai sa, Gawla Uk gashun myaq sha re ai de masha ni gaw, grai zing-ri hpe hputdi di shangun lu du mat wa ai. Nye wa she zing-rat byin dik ai ni rai ma ai. Kunrai shalun shayu chye yang baw pyi n shadap ai. mung chye ai. Daw ni hpe gwi hkra, gaya na rai nga ai. Ngai grai hkrit gahpra mung gram chye ai, sumtsan Raitim, ngai gaw mungkan tim n hkrit ai zawn rai hkawm yang Gawla Uk ga hpe nsam hpan amyu nga nna dai num mali hta n ba hkra mung chye dun myu hku mu mada ai pat matsan dum chye na zawn woi ai ngu yang,” “ndai wa hte bung nga sai hpe n dum re ai mi lawm na kun? ngu hkrak ai Se Ra ga mung ai. Nye a prat kade daram yu nga ai. “Se Ra” ngu ai asan sha nga chye tsun ai. htenza nga sai hpe n chye na num kaba jan gaw yawng Gawla Uk hkang na matu ai. hta kachyi mi sak grau ra yang la da u. nga dawdan Damya mya ai shaloi, kaba ai. Shi ngai hpe yu dat ai. Dai Zawn sha Se Ra nambat langai lang tsawmra ai nsam gaw hpa hkamsha a lata de du mat wa ai. Dai lu la ai. Gumhpraw ni, lairi lam mung, n mu lu ai. Dai shani kanu hkum n pyaw ai sumpan ni. Dai lu mya hpang, No. (2) jan hpe bai majaw, wa gawan ai de ngai

32 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015. Gawla Uk dun nna hkan sa Se Ra ngai hpe san ai. Shana waq mung n waq lu ai mi ai. Lam kaw ngai nye lam maga de bungli rau ai ten ngu tsun yang. “Jawq waq hkum hkum tsup tsup tsun mayam ni pyaw pyaw rai mayu ai nga nang tsun ai. dan ai. Shangai ai kaw nna nga ma ai. “Nang gaw hpa Raitim, bungli hpe tangdu mayam n re ai nye wa gaw majaw, ginsum e nang hkrai hkra n kam shakut ai. Dai Babelon kaw gumra daw sha, dung nga ai i?” nga san majaw, ten ladaw ni sha na Gawla Uk daw galaw sha ai. Ngai mung, nang tsun mat wa ai, n jawq waq lu ai Siri sadang hte hkrak re ai ga ni hpe sumru yu nga ai nga yang gaw nang hta ai gat seng madu re ai, ngu ai re. Lama na ngai mayam du magam myit rawng ai tsun dan ai. Shi ngai tsun ai myit rawng ai rai yang, ngu hkum mai tsun u ga ga ni hpe madat la nna shi mayam ni hte rau nga na rai le. Mayam myit sha rem bai tsun dat ai gaw, ngai hpe nga ai. Mayam myit n myit da ai ngu tsun ra na rai nga grai hkra machyi shangun ai majaw, kaga san rai nga ai. Nang hta tinang hkum ai. Myityu na lam myit masa ai re ngu yang, “ngai mung tinang manu shadan ai hte seng ai lam ni lawm ai.” asan sha re ai jan re” nga gasadi hpe hkungga ai myit “Nang hta ra rawng ai lam ngai hpe gahte tsun ai. n rawng ai. Tinang hkum ni a majaw she, ndai prat de “Nye Nu Wa ni grai tinang manu shadan ai du du mat wa ai n rai i? Dai wa lusu ai, ngai hpe sutgan law magam myit rawng ai ni mi, na hkum nang mayam law jaw lu ai. Ndai la wa gaw gasadi grin ai jaw ra ai n re asan sha re ai re ngu gaw ngai hpe tsawra nna la hpe jaw chye ai ni rai ma ai” kaning di tsun lu na?” da. ai n re. Sutgan marin nna la nga tsun ai. “Masha langai a myit ai. Num ngu ai gaw madu “Ngai Siriya kaw kraw kata grit nem ai wa a tsawra myit shingnyip mayam yam nga ai mi mayam myit sha rawng nga npu e nga hkamsha mayu ai kaning di hkah waq lu na ai rai yang gaw asan sha hkrai re. Ya ngai shi a tsawra ma? ngu tsun yang, “Dai re ai madu kaw na shangai myit n lu la ai. Kashu kasha hku nga nga yang gaw, sa wa ai mi rai rai, mayam mung n lu ai. Nang zawn Siriya kaw sha mayam yam e shangai ai mi rai rai lani sha ngai mung dinghkrai nna prat jahtum ai baw sha mi na ten hta grit nem ai sha re. Raitim mung ngai rai nga ai. Nang gaw masha mayam prat de du mat wa lama wa la she rai yang, shabyak she rai nga ai,” nga na sha re. Asan sha re ai si yang si na, nang zawn tsun ai. Ngai masha shabyak madu myit rawng ai rai rai grit nem dik ai hku sha n re ngu tsun yang, “dai yang kaning re ai gammaka, gaw n nga ai,” nga tsun ai. nga yang shabyak n re ai ruyak tsin-yam ni hkrum Ya nang ngai hpe mu mada lam sakse madun u le” da. sha tim, shi a mare, shi a ai lam, mayam sat lawat Gara hku madun ra na ma? mungdan, shi a shara hta hte bung ai i? Du magam ngu bai san yang. “Nanhte sari rawng ai masha yawng madu myit masa hte bung a Babelon Hkawhkam wa e hkungga ai madang du ai i? ngu bai nhtang san dat shi a hpyen hpe gasat yang, hkra shakut ma na rai nga yang, shi gasan hte sha bai gara hku gasat ai? Lu mai ai” da. Dai zawn rai laning htai ai. “Babelon kaw kap lu n-gun atsam mahkra hte mi jan mayam prat hta nga ai hkah ni hpe dingyang n re ai i? Ya raitim nang ai. Raitim, mayam ni hte she waq ngut hkra, waq mayu ai jawq ra ai hkah ni gaw, na nga ai. Shanhte a myit jasat myit rawng ai i?” da. Ngai a hpyen ni hkrai re. Dai hte gaw kagaga re. Lani mi mung, waq mayu ai. Raitim, hpyen ni shachyut ai majaw

Hparat Panglai Journal 33 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018 Babelon kaw na hprawng Ra a kanu nga ai shara gaw nang Gawla Uk lahkawng pru wa ai n rai i? Jawq ra nau n tsan ai, lani sat sha lagu la nna hprawng mat ai hkah hpe n jawq n waq re. Hkawmsa wa ai shaloi, wa ai re ngu tsun kau na” dingsa, hpyen gaw grau Se Ra jawn ai Gawla Uk nga ngai hpe tsun ai. Ngai kaba wa na sha re. La jet ai hpe ngai dun ai. Hpang na shi hpe nang gaw kaja wa du magam myit rawng ai rai Gawla Uk hta gaw Se Ra a hkawhkam num myit jasat yang, hkah ni hpe jawq waq n chyang numjan jawn ai. rawng ai myu shayi re. lu, gasat dang lu na sha re. Se Ra a Kanu a nta du yang, Nang sha myit pyaw na rai Dai zawn rai lu ai rai yang, jan shang wa sai. Se Ra shi yang ngai na a matu atsam tinang a mare buga hta sari a mayam numjan hpe bungli htum hkra shakut ya mayu sadang hpring ai hte nga lu shangun da nna anlahkawng ai ngu tsun kau hkrup ai. na sha re. Ya nang gaw hkah hkrai re ai shaloi she, ngai Raitim, shi bai tsun ai, hpe jawq waq gwi ai, “madu wa hpe kabai kau tinang hpyen hpe gasat da nna hprawng ai num gwi ai myit n rawng ai kaga shara chyasam ni a majaw, gau ngwi ngwi lapran raitim myit pyaw grit nem mat wa ai. lam lu na n re. Na a lam Hpang jahtum, Siriya de nang hkawm sa wa su. hprawng pru nna mayam Ngai akyu hpyi dat ya sa tai nga ai n rai i?” da. na. Nang hkawmsa wa Shi dai zawn nga tsun na hkrunlam gaw grai dat ai kaw nna nye kraw tsan ai. Lusha n nga ai, kata du magam myit hka n nga ai, zaibrujang grau grau kaba wa ai. re” da. Ngai mung n Raitim, shi hpe n tsun lanyan nga ai sha, shi dan kau lu ai. Dai hpang hpe tsun ai. “Da Ba Sah hpe chyeju dum ga tsun masum ya daram hta Siriya nang hta mayam myit rawng kau da nna ningsin hte rau, mayam num ngai hpe sha, ai i? Du magam myit rawng hkawm pru mat wa ai.” sa shaga ai. ai i?” da. Ngai du magam “Hkrunlam gaw ngai Se Ra hte hkrum ai myit rawng ai ngu asan kachyi mi pyi n chye na ai shaloi, “nye Nu hkum grai sha tsun dat yang. “Dai rai hkrunlam re. Babelon gara n pyaw ai, nta kaw nga ai yang nang sakse madun na maga de re ai hpe tak yu Gawla Uk ni hta na kaja ahkang lu sai. Ya ten hta na nna bum ni nga ai maga dik ai lahkawng lata la madu hte shi a ma ni tsa lu de sa wa ai. Zaibrujang nna hkaq majawq kaba hte nang jawng nga na daram hkrunlam ntsa Gawla Uk lusha lawlaw htaw lang u, rai sai. Ndai Gawla Uk langai hpe gaw jawn, langai sumtsan galu hkawm ra lahkawng la nna hprawng hpe gaw sumri hte dun rai, ai. Shatgawk kaw ngai na sanu. Ndai sumbu hta na dai shara shana tup, hpang shangun ma numjan lajang madu a hpun palawng man shani, shani tup hkawm ai. ya na ra ai” nga ngai hpe (1) mi lawm ai, dai hpun Madu a sutgan lagu nna matsun ai. Gawla Uk hta, la nna nsam galai kau u. hprawng ai mayam hpe bai rai ni bawn ai shaloi malu Kadai chye yu na n re. Nye mu yang, kade daram adup masha ni dai daram law ai madu wa hpe ngai nye Nu zing-ri ai lam chye da ai wa i? ngu ngai myit ai. Se hpe gawn lajang nga yang, majaw, myit hta gaw hkrit

34 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015. gahpra nga ai. Dai shani a hte shing-ran katsi la dik ai ngai lama mi myitdum ai. hpang shani, shana maga shara re. Nye kraw kata ndai Moi kaw nna mungkan ga de du wa yang, zaibrujang shara hta, nye prat htum hpe nsam hpan hkum ai hku, panglai lai nna bum lagaw sana kun? ngu myit nga n jaw n ang ai hku mu mada de du wa ai raitim, nlung yang, nye bawnu kata asan ai kaw na pat da ai hpe run bum lunghkyep lungrawk ni nga hkamsha ai. Nten hkraw kabai kau ai zawn nga asan hkrai re ai majaw, Gawla Uk gaq machyi ai, shinglet nga hkamsha wa ai. Ngai mung lagaw machyi mat sai, machyi ai, shatkan kaw si ai myit malai lu ai. Ngai ndai lahkru ni gaye rai ai. Raitim, ni asan sha nga hkamsha ai. shara hta n si ai. Babelon shakut nna hkawm ma ai. Yawng mai mat ai zawn nga du hkra wa na. Hka madu ni Lam kaw e masha mung n ai. Dai ten hta gasan langai hpe hkan jahkrum na. Nye hkrum ai, hpa dusat mung nye kraw kata shang wa ai. a lam ni tsun dan na. Nye n mu ai. Hpa wa mi mu na, :Da Ba Sah nang mayam a ningrum ningtau jan hte hpa mung nga n mai ai shara myit rawng ai wa re i? ngu apyaw sha nga lu hkra, bai rai nga ai. Hkawmsa ai ni ai gasan mayam myit rawng shakut na. Jawq ra ai hkah asak hkrung nna laidi lu ai ai wa rai yang dai shara e ni gaw nye a hpyen raitim, gaw pyi nga ai kun? Raitim, myitdaw, asum hkam mat na hkah madu ni gaw nye a ngai gaw lani hte lani matut sha re. Zaibrujang hkrunlam jinghku ni re. Ngai hpe bai hkawm sa dingyang re. e galau si ai ngu ai gaw kam hkra shakut ra ai ngu, Gau-ngwi ngwi lusha mung madu kaw na hprawng ai ngai rawt ai. Hkum gaw ma mat, lu hka mung ma mayam ni a htung rai nga gading gadang nga ai. mat. Jahku ya ngu na shanaq ai. Lama na du magam Raitim, myit shaja la nna ngai Gawla Uk ntsa kaw myit rawng ai rai yang rawt ai. Gawla Uk yan hpe na ga de yu ai. Dai shaloi, gaw, Babelon de du hkra ngai shaga dat yang nye a ngai n-gun grai yawm nga wa. Tinang hpe kam nna nsen krawp krawp nga ai sai. Nye kraw kata Gawla hkoi ya ai hka hpe shakut raitim, ma ni na hta grau Uk ntsa bai lu lung sana nna jaw wa na. Tinang hpe n-gun rawng ai nsen re hpe kun? ngu myit ai. Masha n kaja wa tsawra ai ningrum shan chye na ai. Myi rim nga ai shara hta ngai hkrai ningtau jan hte bai lu nga tawn ai kaw na ja rai, ngai sha, si ra sana kun? Myit ai. hkra shakut, ngwipyaw ai hpe mada yu ma ai. Shakut Raitim, kade n naq yang ga dinghku hpe bai gaw de, Nu nna rawt ma ai. Bai galau ntsa e yup pyaw mat wa ai. wa ni myit pyaw hkra rai, mat ma ai raitim, shakut nna Hpang jahpawt nhtoi san nga na ngu ngai myit dat ai. bai rawt ma ai. Lagaw mali ai hpang she, dum ai. Ngai Hkah ni gaw na a hpyen re, ntsa e tsap lu hkra shakut rawt dung nna makau grup- dai ni hpe jawq, waq gasat ma ai. Grai atsam rawng ai yin de mada yu ai. Manap kau, nga ai Se Ra tsun ai ga yan rai ma ai. Gawla Uk yan ten re ai majaw, nbung hpe myit dum wa ai. Jaw rawt lu ai hte Babelon gara katsi bung ahpawt nga ma ai ngu ngai hkam la ai. Dai maga de ang ai ngu ai hpe ai. Gawla Uk mung kade ten hta, ngai hpa majaw la n tak yu nna hkawm sa wa ai. n tsan ai kaw mau nga ma jet ai rai ta? Nye ning-rum Hpang daw hta, hkaq mu ai. ai. Yu dat yang, zaibrujang ningtau jan kawa a nta wa Tsingdu ni Namsi namsaw hte lungrawk hta lai kaga mat ai shaloi, hpa majaw n ni nga ai shara de du mat wa hpa shingnyip hpun mung n hkan woi la ai rai ta? ngu ai. Du magam myit ngu ai nga ai. Hka mung n nga ai ngai sumru ai. Dai ten hta, hpe chye na hkap la ai kaw

Hparat Panglai Journal 35 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018 nna yak hkak lam ni gaw kaw du ai hpang na prat ai Kauk Sakaw hpe shaga hkrit hpa n re. Hparan jasan bai gawgap la ai lam naw dat ai. “Na sihtu ni yawng kau ra ai manghkang she re tsun dan yu rit.” “Byin hkra katsi mat ma sai. Agahtet ngu ngai mu mada wa ai. galaw na ngu dawdan da sha re ai la sa wa rit. Ndai Jawq ra ai hkah manghkang ai hpang gaw, ladat ngu ai kaw Ta Hket a matu mung, hpe gara hku jasan kau na gaw mu chyalu sha re” nga lajang dat u. Kachyi kajaw ngu ladat tam ai shakut nna Da Ba Sah htai ai. “Byin sha hkumdi, law law lajang hparan ai. Mayam myit hkra shakut na ngu dawdan sa wa rit. Nye a manang wa rawng ai rai yang gaw, ngai ngut ai hpang No. (1) hkah a kasha rai nga ai. Shi mung mi gaw hpaji n chye ai, madu ni hpe langai hpang kawsi sai. Ngai hte rau sha laika n chye ai. Arang n lu langai sa hkrum shaga ai, na re. Lawan la sa wa rit. ai masha zawn rai n-gun hpyi nem ai. Nanhte a hkah Babelon mungdan na Gawla n ja ai nga nna ahpa atang ni hpe shakut nna tam waq Uk hpaga la wa a maumwi sha rai, prat jahtum si mat na loili naq wa yang mung gaw htum mat sai. na sha re. Ngai dai hku n naw hkam sharang ya rit, Tengman ai machye galaw ai. Babelon de du ngu tsun yang law malawng machyang hpe atsawm hkra tak yu nna hkawm mu gaw kabu ma ai. Nkau mi sha mu mada chye la ai ai ni hpe san rai lam tam ai gaw matsa ai ni mung nga hpang du magam myit jasat hpang jahtum nta de du wa ma ai. Daini hta na langai sakhkrung lam de shi bai lu ai. Dai majw Ta Hket gara mi gaw ngai hpe tangdu du mat wa ai. Dai machye hku law. Ya na a kan kata hkra garum ai. Dai wa gaw machyang gaw moi prat kaw hpa n rawng ai ten bawnu gumhpraw hkoi shap sha nna myit nyan hpaji chye ai kaw asan n nga ai i? Tinang ai “Mar Tun” nga ai wa re. ni chyusha mu mada chye hkum tinang manu shadan Nye a lam shi san nna ngai na ai lam rai nga ai. Dai mayu ai myit n rawng shi Siriya kaw Gawla Uk rem machye machyang e lam ai i? Mungkan ga hpe nsam hkang ai lam tsun dan yang, madun ai majaw, kyindut hpan hkum hkra hte naw Gawla Uk hpaga galaw ai yakhkak lam ni hpe laidi yu chyai nga na i? Jawq ra “Niba Tuh” hpang de ngai lu ai. Du na shawnglam ai hkah kade law yang law hpe sa sa ai. Dai dingla wa shinggyim prat law law jawq waq na, Babelon kaw gaw, hkawhkam wa a matu hpe machye machyang a sari rawng ai masha langai Gawla Uk tsawm ai law hpung shingkang hte, prat tai lu hkra, shakut na ngu ai law mari bang ya na ahkang hpe gawgap sa wa lu ai. myit n rawng shi ai i?” Ta jaw da hkrum ai wa re. Kaja Dai machye machyang gaw Hket a myitum kata na myi ngai hkah ni hpe pyek mi Awngdang hkra shakut na prwisi ni kahte hkrat wa ai. pyi n ngam hkra jawq waq ngu dawdan ai. Tinang nan Rawt hputdi dung nna “nang kau lu ai. Babelon e baw ladat tam shakut ai. Tam ai ngai hpe hpaji jaw la ai, shadap nna ngai nga lu wa wa galoi mung ladat mu ai grai chyeju dum ai ngai du ai. Masha law law e kamhpa ngu ai lam rai nga ai. ☐ magam myit hte shakut na ai masha ngai tai lu wa ai.” (Hpe Myint: ေဘဗီလုံမွ ngu myit ai nga tsun ai.” Ga Tsun htum ai hpang Da ခ်မ္းသာဆုံးပုဂိၢဳလ္ hpe bai ka Maumwi madat nga Ba Sah lusha de bai gayin gale bang ai.) ai ni hta na marai langai yu ai. “He… “Kauk Sakaw “The richest man in mi gaw shi chye mayu ai grai nabai ai she rai nga,” Babylon” by George S. hpe san dat ai. “Babelon nga shatgawk e dung nga Clason

36 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015. LAHTAQ HKU PAT YANG, LAWUQ DEQ BAWQ LAWUQ E KAPA YANG, LAPRAN HKU BAI GAYUN (အိတ္ေပါက္ထဲ ဖါးေကာက္ထဲ့) B.D. Maran , ginru ginsa prat (majority) deq, kap gayawp masa lang nga ai. Dai hpe Moie, tsun shaga lawm matwa ai, re. Myen “Myen galup shatai shabyin aga ningnan ni jatjat wa ai mungh, e ndai masing grai masa” (Burmanization) ngu zawn, masha amyu mung awngdang nga ai. Amyu nga ai. Myen galaw lang ningnan ningnan pru lawq yawng yawng, Myen amyu ai masa gaw, tsawmra mi wa sai. Raitim, dainih nah zawn rawq, bung preq mat awngdang nga ai. Sam ni “Information Techonology jang, dainih nah amyusha mung, Sam-Myen tai nna Globalization” satlawat rawtmalan gaw, gaman Myen amyu rai matwa ai ni galup nga ai mungkan lilar bebe sha, rai mat nga lawq nga sai. Karen, Mon, pratpra masa e, moi nah ai. Dai shaloi, pruwa ai Rakhine, pa layang gah nah zawn n rai mat sai. Grai lachyum gaw, lagut damyaq Hkang, ... ni gaw, Myen shai laq mat sai. Dainih nah gumshem lachyum deq, amyu deq byaung gayawp prat gaw, tsun shaga aga gale matwa nga ai. Htingnut kap, lawm nga masai. ningnan ni, bai byin pru lam yang mung, amyusha Malawng daw gaw, tinang n nga mat sai. Nga ngam ai gawgap lam hpe aten galu aq tsun shaga aga ni hpe n lawq amyu (amyu kaji) ban prat hku nna bai galaw malap shamat kau masai. ni, tsun shaga jailang nga hpang lah ra ai hkrang, byin Myen hku tsun shaga mat ai aga ni pyi, htum maq nga ai. Ndai bungli yiqngam masai. Dik-kadik nna Myen nga maluq ai. Gsd. - Myen gaw, shadip magam ahkang mying hkrai, shamying mungh e, dainih Kadu ni aya lu ai ni chyu sha, buklik shakap lang masai. Shanhte shanhte aq amyu ga, n tsun mai nga ai. Shadip magam aq maka kumlar ni n kap shaga matwa sai, re. Myen (asuya) mying ahkang aya mat masai. Miwa hkran tsun shaga aga hkrai, lang nga ai wuhpung masha hkan nah Jinghpawsu ni matwa nga ai. Lachyum ni gaw, amyusha gawgap zawn, shanhte amying ni gaw, tsun shaga jailang taw bungli woiawn jahkrat ya ra hpe Miwa hku nna hkrai shayan nga ai madung aga nga ai, re. shamying mat ai masa zawn, ni hpang deq, kap nang nna US gaw, shiq mungdan rai nga ai. Makam masham tsun shaga lawm matwa ai e ndai policy kaba (amyusha ni mung, Buddhism hkrai, satlawat mabyin ni, bai byin gawgap masing) hpe jailang rai shajang nga ai. Amyusha nga sai. Deng-ninghkan, nga ai. Dai hpe “shabyaung gawgap ai ngang jang, mi-moi e tsun shaga lang gayau diq” (Melting Pot) mungdan chying nga ai. wa ai aga ni htum matwa, masa ngu nna tsun nga Rawtmalan yiqngam ni grau moi nga wa sai n lawq amyu maluq ai. Miwa mung, ndai nna masan sa nga ai. IIWW ni htum matwa ai mabyin hkrang ladat lang nga ai. aten nah Japan kasat gawt ni byin nga mat sai. Amyu Singapore mung, ndai hpe ai zawn, ninggun hpungtum htum maq ai ngu ai gaw, galaw lang nna mungdan kaba wa lu ai. Ndai madang dai amyu maka kumlar nan gawgap shangang tawn daram, mungh shawa htum maq nna dai masha luq ai. Myen mung, dai ninggun hpungtum hpe n ni gaw lawq ai amyu kaba hku sha, dahkyaw dalam lu kahkin gumdin mat nga Hparat Panglai Journal 37 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018 ai. Amyusha gawgap lam ginru ginsa yuq hkrat matwa nah mi tsun tsun, hpaji hteq mungdan gawgap lam ai amyu ni gaw, Myen amyu wuhkya gaw dai sumdu yan gaw, matut hkat nga ai. deq byaung gayawp kap sumnyep ndup shingjat sha, US, Miwa ni gaw ndai masa lawm mat shajang nga ai. rai nga ai. yiqngam hteq, shangang Moi ginru ginsa prat nah Bumnga rudiq amyu shachying lah ai hkrai, re. masha jahpan gaw, amyu ni, tinang aq amyu laika Dainih, Manmaw lawuq langai hteq langai kade n hku nna lu sharin ai nga wa nah Shwegu gah deq, moi, shai shajang nga ai. British tim, Myen hpaji masa hpe Mungding Pa - Namlim colony prat nah yuptung ka tawn ai sharin matsun, Pa - Dangde Bum mayan masha jahpan (Census of ginhpan laika ni hpe ga hku nna ginru ginsa yuq India) hpe hpawq yu yang, gale sharin ya ai bawq sha, hkrat matwa ai Kachin ni chye lu nga ai. madang rai nga ai. Tinang lawq malawng gaw, Myen Mungdan hpe woiawn amyu ga hku nna sharin tai nga mat masai. Yaq nga ai shadip magam ni tim, Myen education masa dainih mung, shanhte ni gaw, tinang aq mungdan deq shading tawn ai hkrai, nawq tsun tsun rai nga taw masha (mungdansha) ni hpe rai nga ai. Deng-ninghkan, ai gaw, “Moi e, aji adwi ni amyusha gawgap (Nation Myen hpaji masa e Rakhine gaw Jinghpaw re daq!, Yaq Building) yiqngam masa e hkawseng lam, Rakhine gaw, anhte ni Jinghpaw ga shaning 10, 20, 30, 50, ... civilization (yinchyemuq, n chye mat sagaq ai. Myen masing jahkrat nna hkrang htunghking), Mon hkawseng rai mat sagaq ai.” Bai, Danai hpe gawgap shawq lah ai. labau, Sam galup matwa ai hkaq lawuq deq, ginru ginsa Samah lah ai. Hprang lah ai. labau (kaosampyi) , ... ni yuq hkrat matwa ai Kachin Dai ndup sumdu sumnyep hpe n sharin shalawm tawn ni mung, Myen tai matwa nah dup shaprawq pruwa nga ai. Pagan hkawseng hpe masai. R. Grant Brown, ai mungdansha ni gaw, dai gawgap matwa ai amyu gaw, “Burma As I Saw It : 1889- mungdan nah maka kumlar Myen ni re ngu tsun lu na 1917”, London, 1926 e ni kap lawm chyalu rai nga pyi, yak nga ai. Htunghking, tsun tawn ai hku nga yang, sai. Myit jasat, hkam lah sakse sakgan matut lah na Jinghpaw tsun shaga aga ga lam ni mung, shabyaung yak nga ai. Ndai hpe gaw, ai ni, Danai hkaqrum lawuq bang ya ngut chyaluh rai Myen amyu ahtik labau e, shara ni deq, ngachyam ai nga ai. Dai yiqngam bungli shachyawq matut lah tawn gamung lawm nga ai. Yaq hpe hpaji jawng (education nga ai. dainih gaw, ndai lawuq policy) masa, education Tsaban 19th AD gaw, deq Kachin amyu masha curriculum masa hku, dup mungkan e sinnaq mungdan ni hpe n mu sai. Dai hteq samah shaprawq galaw ai re. ni kashun kasheq lamugah maren, Kabaw Valley deq Myen aq hpaji policy mung, maden kasat lah hkat ai. nah Taman amyu ni mung, Burmanization hpe shading Deng-ninghkan, mungkan n mu sai. Amyu masha n tawn ai sumdu sumnyep majan kaba I hteq II byin lai nga yang, dai amyu masha ndup ginra rai nga maluq matwa sai. Tsaban 20th AD tsun shaga aga mung, htum ai. Dainih nah Kachin ni gaw, lamugah maden lah ai sai. Shanhte aq lawnglam mung, ndai ndup sum kata hkrang hpe jashai dat manuq ni hpe British ni ka matsing nna pruwa ai ni hkrai, re. ai. Dai hpe “Katsi Majan tawn dah nga ai. Irrawaddy Rangoon University nah mi Lailen” (Cold War Strategy) Valley pa layang gah deq, ngu ngu, Mandalay Dakkasu ngu wa masai. Ndai maden

38 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015. hkrang gaw, seng ang ai gaw 70% ting, rai nga ai. Lashio saradaw gaiwang ni, mungdan yan dantawk kasat Ngam ai 30% lamugah area rai nga sai. Dai htaq, Myen, hkat ai hkrang masa hku e, masha pratpra n manuh Sam, Galar, Miwa, Hkang, n rai nna laga alak mi nga ai zaibrujang kaba, hkyen ... amyu masha jahpan ni nga ai mungdan ni hkan bum, nlung bum, tsingdu- pyi lawm nga ai. RCM gaw, e majan shabyin nhtawm, prang kaba, Antarctic Circle Kachin amyusha hkrai rai, maden jat lah ai hkrang (North Pole), ... ni rai mat laksan n htaq dah nga ai. satlawat, rai nga ai. Gsd.- nga ai. Deng-ninghkan, Myen mungh ting nah RCM Korea, Vietnam, Germany, lamugah maden lah hkat masha jahpan gaw 668,211 ... ni hkan , mulu ai. Kachin ai lailen ladat ni gaw, grau (2017) rai nga ai. Yangon rawtmalan mung, ndai katsi kaba wa nna grau zailadat e nga ai Kachin masha majan masa aq gangdun tsaw wa nga ai. jahpan gaw 5000 rai nga gangjen garawt ai kawq, Hpaga yamga maden ai. KIO uphkang kata nah abaq kataw hkrum shah wa galup ai hkrang hpe Miwa mungchying masha yuptung sai. KIO ningbaw ninglar satlawat e adan aleng mulu jahpan gaw, 81,744 (2017) Lahtaw Zau Seng, Lahtaw nga ai. Myen mungh pyi, rai nga ai. Ndai jahpan Zau Tu, Hpungshwi Zau Miwa sut maden masa uraw gaw, ma chyangai kawq Seng, Lahtaw Zau Dan, ... kata e, dagup hkrum ai nna gumgai dinglar asak 76 ni asak si sum laiwa sai. zawn rai nga mat sai. Grau lahtaq deq nah ni du hkra, Dainih nah tsaban 21st AD nna Miwa aq One Belt One rai nga ai. KIO uphkang prat gaw, shawng deq nah Road masing gaw, ndai rai ginra kata nah jahpan e, hkrang ladat masa ni hku, nga sai. Ndai masing htaq, Dingdaq Sam mungh deq bai n rai mat sai. Shai mat ginrawn ai Maliq-Nmai nah masha jahpang n lawm sai. Madang grau tsaw mat hkaq madim zawn re madim ai. Ndai jahpang ni gaw, sai. Prat satlawat mung, IT- kaba ni, nhprang arung arai Kachin masha yuptung Globalization maden lailen htu shawq masing kaba jahpan ni hpe sawn maram rai nga mat sai. ni, economy zone kaba ni, tak lah lu na matu, rai IT-Globalization prat Industrial zone, gawgap nga ai. Jinghpaw mungh (21st Century AD) maden masing bungli kaba ni, ... tingh hpe uphkang na gaw, lailen e, (1). hpaga yamga gaw arang maduq sut masa Hlutdaw (parliament) e, wuhkya masa, (2). masha hku nna maden mat nga ai. Kachin amat (datkasa) ni jahpan galup wuhkya Masha jahpan mungh hkrai sha, n mai byin nga masa, (3). htunghking masa (demographic politics) ai. Ndai gaw, masha jahpan yinchyemuq (civilization) hku nna mung, maden mungh masa maden rai nga wuhkya masa, (4). laili dagup ka-up lah mat nga ai. ai. laika - aga wuhkya masa Dainih nah Kachin masha Dainih nah satlawat e, ni hku nna maden galup jahpan hpe dinglik sawn yu masha jahpan grau lawq ai dagup maduq lah nga nga yang, Myen mungh ting nah amyu kaba ni aq tsun shaga sai. Mungkan e, shinggyim KBC jahpan gaw 553,913 aga, laili laika ni gaw, n masha pratpra galawluq (2010 yr) rai maluq ai. lawq amyu (minority) ni hpe galawshah htaphtuk ai RCM hku nna gaw marai bai galup shabawn lah nga lamugah gaw, grai gyip wa 145,488 (2017) rai nga ai. Deng-ninghkan, n lawq nga sai. Hkaq hkrai galup ai ai. Ndai RCM jahpan amyu ni aq tsun shaga aga, kau ai lamugah dampa area gaw, Manmaw, Myitkyina, laili laika ni sip matwa nga

Hparat Panglai Journal 39 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018 ai. Tinang laili laika hpe jailang akyu jashawn ai htaq, grai n lawq mat wa nga ai. Laili laika dut seng kaba ni hkan mung, tinang amyu laili laika ni gaw n nga nga ai. Tsun shaga aga mung, grup grup rara e aten World Kachin Conference Ndau Shabra Laika shagu tsun shaga nga ai aga May 19, 2018, Washington DC, USA hpe mahtang, madung jailang Hparat Panglai Shiga Htawn matwa ai. Jawng laili laika ni mung, ndai sha rai nga ai. Ndai mabyin masa hkrang kumlar ni gaw, nga nga ai n lawq amyu ni mat maq wa ai satlawat ni rai nga ai. Jahtum e gaw, lawq ai amyu kaba aq tsun shaga aga, laili laika ni hpe hkringhtawng ningnan dagrawq lah na ginjang sha, ngam nga ai. Ginchyum mahtai hpe shaprawq yu yang, Kachin amyu pratpra ngang grin lu na 1. World Kachin Conference hpe 2018 ning matu, laknak lang rawtmalan May shata 18-19 laman Amerikan mungdan wuhpung wuhkya hteq sha, Washington DC mare daju hta maigan mungdan n mai byin matwa nga ai. shara shagu de du nga ai Wunpawng myusha ni Kachin amyusha yawng hkrumzup let bawngban hpawng hpe galaw la yawng, shanglawm ai ninggun III saga ai. hpungtung kaba rai ra mat nga 2. Zuphpawng hta Wunpawng myusha ni a shawng sai. Bai nna amyusha lamang lam mai kaja wa na lawng lam ningmu ni hpe yiqngam shagu hpe n hprai kau kahkyin la lu sai. ai sha, ninggun shajaq ra ai. Shing-rai yang sheq, mungkan 3. Maigan nga Wunpawng myusha ni shad a mahkri satlawat majaw bawq wa ai shawn let bungli rau jawm galaw lu na matu hkang ni, gayun maleq wa ai “World Kachin Congress” zinghkri hpe hpaw hku ni hpe pat kum lu na rai nga ninghtan dat lu saL ai. Amyusha kahkin gumdin 4. Zuphpawng hta Wunpawng myusha ni lawt lu lam lam ra nga sai. Amyusha kahkin hte rawt jat galu kaba wa na lam ni hpe jawm n-gun gumdin ngangkang lu na matu, dat galaw sa wa na matu myit hkrwn dawdan da lu amyusha gawgap lah ra sai. saga ai. Amyusha gawgap masa gaw, bugah gawsharawt masa hteq, n Matut Mahkai: bung ai. Shai ai. Pruwa na apu Slg. Nsang Gum San, USA (Ph: +14434158683) SJg. Nlam asi mahtai ni mung, shai hkat La Seng, Canada (Ph: +14169108475) Jan Marip Seng Bu, nga ai. ☐ Japan (Ph: +819040766579) ☐

40 Hparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015.

U.N. CONCERNED ABOUT the Bangladesh border. HEAVY FIGHTING IN The U.N. human rights investigator for Myanmar, MYANMAR’S KACHIN STATE Yanghee Lee, was barred in December from visiting GENEVA (Reuters) granted access to the area the Rohingya areas and also May 2, 2018 - Conflict and could not independently Kachin and Shan states. between Myanmar’s verify the information, it She told Reuters at the time army and guerrillas of said. that the civilian government the Kachin Independence In Sumprabum had no authority in Kachin Army (KIA) in northern township more than 700 state, since anything Myanmar has escalated people were sheltering connected to security issues since Jan. 19, including in in the forest after being was controlled by military Sumprabum, Waingmaw displaced on Jan. 22. They commanders. and Tanai townships, a U.N. included villagers and about She called on the humanitarian report said on 500 people from an internal international community Friday. displacement camp who fled to put more pressure on “The United Nations and its after mortar bombs landed military commanders, and humanitarian partners are near the camp. on China, to ensure that concerned about the safety Tanai and Sumprabum human rights were respected of civilians in these areas,” are located on the two major in the conflict.☐ it said. roads running north “The Tanai area has from Myitkyina, Lup kata nah ridaq seen heavy fighting since 25 the capital of January 2018. There have Kachin state, the maka buhkraq been reports of a number of northernmost part of Sut Suh Hkawn civilians killed or injured.” Myanmar, between The KIA is one of China and India. Myanmar’s most powerful On three occasions militias and has clashed since mid-December, regularly with the Myanmar most recently on Jan. military since 2011, when a 27, mortar bombs 17-year-old ceasefire broke also landed close down. to a displacement The U.N. report said aid camp in Waingmaw agencies were reporting township, just cross about 1,800 people, mainly the Irrawaddy river laborers, had been evacuated from Myitkyina, the from the Tanai area as a report said. result of the latest fighting, Myanmar but other civilians were still is already under in the areas of conflict and international scrutiny unable to leave. for its handling of the U.N. staff had not been Rohingya crisis on Hparat Panglai Journal 41 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018

Yaq Yang Nah Shiga Sumlar Ni Hparat Panglai Shiga Htawn Myen Tatmadaw ni ndai zawn gap sharut bun Myen Tatmadaw hpyendap ni gaw, kalangtaq Laiza, Laisin GHQs, MJY mayan, KIA dapdung 1, 3, 11, 18, 19, 23, 24, 30, 253 dapnawng ni hpe laknak kaba ni hteq April 11 yaq 2 p.m. aten nah gap sharut hpang wa ai. Dapba – 2 dajuq ginra Awng Lawt hpe mung, nbungli, Helicopter bawm jahkrat gap bun wa ai. Dapba – 1 deq mung, htuh kasat bang wa ai. Deng-ninghkan, mungh mare masha ni jamjau bai hkrum nga ai. Lawuq nah sumlar ni zawn, hprawng yen ra mat nga.

Kachin ramma ni woi galaw hpang ai mungh masa, Kanu kawa mungh masha ni kalangtaq hkap madiq shadaw; Hpung woi dumsa jaiwa ni shang pawn baq dat, Mungh masa datkasa ni hkan ga-ngai shachyai lawm; Hpungkun ndai shara shagu hpungtang kashaw ngoi kahtap.

Amyusha Ting Dip Shah Hkrum Taw Sai

42 Hparat Panglai JournalHparat Panglai Journal 2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015.

Mungh Kata Ninghkap Shamu Shamawt Sumlar Ni

Kachin ramma ni woi galaw hpang ai mungh masa, Kanu kawa mungh masha ni kalangtaq hkap madiq shadaw; Hpung woi dumsa jaiwa ni shang pawn baq dat, Mungh masa datkasa ni hkan ga-ngai shachyai lawm; Hpungkun ndai shara shagu hpungtang kashaw ngoi kahtap.

Hparat Panglai JournalHparat Panglai Journal 43 Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018 Maigan mungdan ni deq mung, Ninghkap Hpungtang Kashaw Ngoi Garu

Kahkyin gumdin yang “Federal” sha, hkum tsun chyai nga saq; Shanglawt lu na gah lahtum n shut, Yawng raq ai "dai" nan rai. 44 Hparat Panglai JournalRawtmalan 60 ning hkawt, naq wa sai.