Black Spruce Sitka Spruce Engelmann Spruce

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Black Spruce Sitka Spruce Engelmann Spruce

TREES of BC Sitka spruce Engelmann spruce Black spruce (Picea sitchensis) (Picea engelmannii) (Picea mariana) Bark Bark Bark The bark is very thin, brown or The bark is loose, scaly, and The bark is thin, scaly purplish grey, and breaks up reddish-brown to grey. and dark greenish- into small scales. brown. Leaves Leaves Leaves Needles are light green to bluish-green, stiff, and Needles are four-sided and sharp, but not Needles are blue-green, short, stiff, and four-sided. sharp. They are four-sided but slightly flattened particularly stiff. They are deep bluish-green The needles are arranged in all directions along with two white bands running along the upper with two white bands on both the upper and the twig or mostly pointing upwards. surface and two narrower bands along the lower lower surfaces. The needles are arranged in all surface. The needles are arranged spirally along the directions on the twigs. Cones twig and are attached by small pegs which remain Seed cones are small and purplish. The old cones on the twig after the needles fall. Cones hang on the tree for several years. Pollen cones Seed cones are yellow to purplish-brown and hang are dark red. Cones from the upper branches. Their papery seed scales Seed cones are reddish- to yellowish-brown and are tapered at both ends and have a ragged outer Habitat hang from the crown. Their seed scales are thin, edge. Pollen cones are most commonly yellow to Black spruce grows throughout the northern part wavy, and irregularly toothed. Pollen cones are red. purplish-brown. of the province and tolerates poor growing conditions. It often occurs in pure groups of trees Habitat Habitat or with Lodgepole pine and White spruce. It is In coastal forests, Sitka spruce is found from low Engelmann spruce is an interior species that frequently found in cold, poorly drained areas, to high/mid elevations, growing with Western commonly occurs with Subalpine fir in areas such as swamps and bogs, along with sphagnum hemlock, Western redcedar, and Yellow-cedar. with long, cold winters and short, cool summers. mosses, horsetails, lingonberry, and Labrador tea. The forest floor is often thick with mosses, and It grows best on deep, rich soils with adequate horsetails, blueberries, and deer fern. moisture. In drier areas, Engelmann spruce grows Black spruce forests are rich in wildlife. Moose, with Lodgepole pine. On wetter sites, huckleberries, muskrat, and mink are numerous and many birds 70 m white-flowered rhododendron, and Sitka valerian eat the abundant insects in these wet, boggy areas. commonly occur. 50 m Sitka Spruce Engelmann spruce Black Spruce 20 m Produced by the BC National Forest Week Coalition For more information, please visit: bcnfw.ca.

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White Spruce (Sw) - Picea Glauca
White spruce (Sw) - Picea glauca Tree Species > White spruce Page Index Distribution Range and Amplitiudes Tolerances and Damaging Agents Silvical Characteristics Genetics and Notes BC Distribution of White spruce (Sw) Range of White spruce An open canopy stand of white spruce and trembling aspen on Morice River alluvial terrace. Pure white spruce stands are infrequent in th fire-disturbed, montane boreal landscape. Geographic Range and Ecological Amplitudes Description White spruce is a medium-sized (occasionally >55 m tall), evergreen conifer, with a fairly symmetrical, conical crown, a regular branching pattern that often extends to the ground, and a smooth, dark gray, scaly bark. The wood of white spruce is light, straight grained, and resilient. It is used primarily for lumber and pulp. Geographic Range Geographic element: North American transcontinental-incomplete Distribution in Western North America: (north) in the Pacific region; north and central in the Cordilleran region Ecological Climatic amplitude: Amplitudes subarctic – subalpine boreal – montane boreal – (cool temperate) Orographic amplitude: montane – subalpine Occurrence in biogeoclimatic zones: SWB, (ESSF), MS, BWBS, SBS, SBPS, (IDF), (ICH), (northern CWH) Edaphic Amplitude Range of soil moisture regimes: (very dry) – moderately dry – slightly dry – fresh – moist – very moist – wet Range of soil nutrient regimes: (very poor) – poor – medium – rich – very rich In the BWBS zone, white spruce grows well on medium and rich sites providing a Moder humus formation exists. Wildfires are the major disturbance factor in re-establishing a white spruce stand when acidic Mors begin to develop, a humus form which favors the regeneration and growth of black spruce. Without the fires, the more shade-tolerant black spruce would become a dominant species and form a climatic climax stand.
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Note by Terry F. Franklin'
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WRA Species Report
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Engelmann Spruce (Se) - Picea Engelmannii
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Sitka Spruce and Engelmann Spruce in Northwest California and Across
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Forest Service Engelmann An American Wood United States Department of Agriculture Spruce FS-264 Engelmann spruce, one of the light- est of all the important commercial woods in the United States, is soft, machines well, and has low shrinkage and uniform color. The wood closely resembles that of the eastern spruces in appearance and properties and, like them, has excellent pulping properties. It is used principally in home construc- tion for framing, sheathing, interior paneling, and exterior trim; for ply- wood manufacture, food containers, and specialty items; and for pulp and paper. F-320890 An American Wood Engelmann Spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex. Engelm.) Donald C. Markstrom and Robert R. Alexander1 Distribution Engelmann spruce, a major compo- nent of the high-elevation Rocky Mountain forests, is widely distributed in the western United States and two Provinces in Canada. It grows in the Rocky Mountains of southwestern Al- berta south through the high mountains of eastern Washington and Oregon, Idaho, western Montana, to western and central Wyoming, and in the high mountains of southern Wyoming, Colo- rado, Utah, eastern Nevada, New Mex- ico, and northern Arizona (fig. 1). In the Pacific Northwest, Engelmann spruce grows along the east slope of the Coast Range from west-central British Columbia, south along the crest and east slope of the Cascade Range through Washington and Oregon to northern California. It is a minor com- ponent of these high-elevation forests. Engelmann spruce is found most typ- ically in association with subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) and with it forms the Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir forest type.
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Ecology, Silviculture, and Management of the Engelmann Spruce - Subalpine Fir Type in the Central and Southern Rocky Mountains
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Quinney Natural Resources Research Library, The Bark Beetles, Fuels, and Fire Bibliography S.J. and Jessie E. 1987 Ecology, Silviculture, and Management of the Engelmann Spruce - Subalpine Fir Type in the Central and Southern Rocky Mountains Robert R. Alexander Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/barkbeetles Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Entomology Commons, Forest Biology Commons, Forest Management Commons, and the Wood Science and Pulp, Paper Technology Commons Recommended Citation Alexander, R. (1987). Ecology, silviculture, and management of the Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir type in the central and southern Rocky Mountains. USDA Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 659, 144 pp. This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Quinney Natural Resources Research Library, S.J. and Jessie E. at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Bark Beetles, Fuels, and Fire Bibliography by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. United States Department of Agriculture Ecology, Silviculture, and Forest Management of the Engelmann Service Agriculture Spruce-Subalpine Fir Type in the Handbook No. 659 Central and Southern Rocky Mountains Robert R. Alexander Chief silviculturist Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Ft. Collins, CO March 1987 Alexander, Robert R. Ecology, silviculture, and management of the Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir type in the central and southern Rocky Mountains. Agric. Handb. No. 659. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; 1987. 144 p. Summarizes and consolidates ecological and silvicultural knowledge of spruce-fir forests.
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Engelmann Spruce
Engelmann Spruce Engelmann Spruce The Engelmann spruce is the most widespread spruce tree in America, and is one of the important forest trees of the southern Rocky Mountain forest ecosystems. Engelmann spruce grows in areas of considerable moisture, usually above 8400 feet (2560 m). It is most often found in high forests, covering nearly 10 million acres of the southern Rockies. Subalpine fir is its most common associate. Engelmann spruce also grows in pure stands, or mixed with Lodgepole pine and other evergreens. Common from 9300 to 11000 feet (2800 to 3400 m) and treeline in Colorado, the uniform spruce-fir woodlands sweep in broad undisturbed belts along many Colorado mountain chains. A climb up almost any peak in the Colorado Rockies will reveal the dark spruce-fir forest wrapping around the sides of all the surrounding mountains. A typical spruce-fir forest is on the western slopes of the Front Range from Berthoud Pass north to Rocky Mountain Park. Below 9300 feet Engelmann spruce are found in moist locations. Large individuals grow at 8400 feet (2500 m) on the shores of Grand Lake. It can be found in streamside habitats as low as 7700 feet (2300 m). In Colorado and Wyoming it grows to 100 or 120 feet in height (30 to 36 m), to three feet in diameter (1 m), and may attain an age of 500 to 600 years. Trees 16 to 22 inches in diameter (40 to 56 cm) are often 350 to 450 years old. Engelmann spruce does best in rich deep moist soils. Engelmann spruce lives longer than Subalpine fir.
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Projected Future Bioclimate-Envelope Suitability for Reptile and Amphibian Species of Concern in South Central USA
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ENGELMANN Spruce Is Widely Used for Christmas Trees
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