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Human-Mediated Introductions of Australian Acacias
Diversity and Distributions, (Diversity Distrib.) (2011) 17, 771–787 S EDITORIAL Human-mediated introductions of PECIAL ISSUE Australian acacias – a global experiment in biogeography 1 2 1 3,4 David M. Richardson *, Jane Carruthers , Cang Hui , Fiona A. C. Impson , :H Joseph T. Miller5, Mark P. Robertson1,6, Mathieu Rouget7, Johannes J. Le Roux1 and John R. U. Wilson1,8 UMAN 1 Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of ABSTRACT - Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, MEDIATED INTRODUCTIONS OF Aim Australian acacias (1012 recognized species native to Australia, which were Matieland 7602, South Africa, 2Department of History, University of South Africa, PO Box previously grouped in Acacia subgenus Phyllodineae) have been moved extensively 392, Unisa 0003, South Africa, 3Department around the world by humans over the past 250 years. This has created the of Zoology, University of Cape Town, opportunity to explore how evolutionary, ecological, historical and sociological Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, 4Plant factors interact to affect the distribution, usage, invasiveness and perceptions of a Protection Research Institute, Private Bag globally important group of plants. This editorial provides the background for the X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa, 20 papers in this special issue of Diversity and Distributions that focusses on the 5Centre for Australian National Biodiversity global cross-disciplinary experiment of introduced Australian acacias. A Journal of Conservation Biogeography Research, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box Location Australia and global. 1600, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 6Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Methods The papers of the special issue are discussed in the context of a unified Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, framework for biological invasions. -
Allelopathic Effect of the Invasive Acacia Dealbata Link (Fabaceae) on Two Native Plant Species in South-Central Chile
Gayana Bot. 72(2): 231-239, 2015 ISSN 0016-5301 Allelopathic effect of the invasive Acacia dealbata Link (Fabaceae) on two native plant species in south-central Chile Efecto alelopático de la invasora Acacia dealbata Link (Fabaceae) en dos especies de plantas nativas del centro-sur de Chile NARCISO AGUILERA1,2, JOSÉ BECERRA2, LUBIA M. GUEDES2, CRISTOBAL VILLASEÑOR-PARADA3,4, LUIS GONZÁLEZ5 & VÍCTOR HERNÁNDEZ2 1Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile. 2Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Depart amento de Botánica Universidad de Concepción, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile. 3Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile. 4Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile. 5Departamento Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende 36310 Vigo, España. *[email protected] ABSTRACT Plant species that growth close to or under the canopy of Acacia dealbata Link (Fabaceae, subfamily: Mimosoideae) within its non-native range, survive with difficulty or not at all, especially if they are native. This phenomenon has been attributed to allelopathy; one of the strategies used by A. dealbata to trigger an invasion process. Native species Quillaja saponaria Molina (tree) and Helenium aromaticum (Hook.) H.L. Bailey (herb), share A. dealbata’s range in South-central Chile. This study was performed on the Mediterranean Biobío Region of Chile. We evaluated the effect of leaves, flowers, pods and seeds of A. dealbata on the germination and early growth of these native species. -
Acacia Baileyana (Bailey's Wattle, Cootamundra Wattle) Acacia Baileyana, Known As Cootamundra Wattle, Is an Evergreen Large Shrub Or Small Tree
Acacia baileyana (Bailey's Wattle, Cootamundra Wattle) Acacia baileyana, known as Cootamundra Wattle, is an evergreen large shrub or small tree. It has a round weeping irregular shape. The color of it leafs is a greyish-green or greyish blue.During late spring and summer, it has a showy yellow flower. It's drought and frost resistant. Landscape Information French Name: Mimosa de Bailey Pronounciation: a-KAY-see-uh bay-lee-AY-nuh Plant Type: Tree, Shrub Origin: Australia Heat Zones: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 Hardiness Zones: 10, 11, 12, 13 Uses: Screen, Hedge, Container Size/Shape Growth Rate: Fast Tree Shape: Round, Weeping Canopy Symmetry: Irregular Canopy Density: Dense Canopy Texture: Fine Height at Maturity: 3 to 5 m, 5 to 8 m Spread at Maturity: 1.5 to 3 meters Time to Ultimate Height: 10 to 20 Years Plant Image Acacia baileyana (Bailey's Wattle, Cootamundra Wattle) Botanical Description Foliage Leaf Arrangement: Alternate Leaf Venation: Nearly Invisible Leaf Persistance: Evergreen Leaf Type: Bipinnately compound Leaf Blade: 30 - 50 Leaf Margins: Pectinate Leaf Textures: Fine Leaf Scent: Color(growing season): Green, Silver, Blue- Green Color(changing season): Green Flower Flower Image Flower Showiness: True Flower Size Range: 0 - 1.5 Flower Scent: Pleasant Flower Color: Yellow Seasons: Spring, Summer Trunk Trunk Has Crownshaft: True Trunk Susceptibility to Breakage: Suspected to breakage Number of Trunks: Single Trunk Trunk Esthetic Values: Smooth Fruit Fruit Type: Legume Fruit Size Range: 3 - 7 Fruit Colors: Brown Seasons: Spring, -
ACACIA Miller, Gard
Flora of China 10: 55–59. 2010. 31. ACACIA Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4, [25]. 1754, nom. cons. 金合欢属 jin he huan shu Acaciella Britton & Rose; Racosperma Martius; Senegalia Rafinesque; Vachellia Wight & Arnott. Morphological characters and geographic distribution are the same as those of the tribe. The genus is treated here sensu lato, including the African, American, Asian, and Australian species. Acacia senegal (Linnaeus) Willdenow and A. nilotica (Linnaeus) Delile were treated in FRPS (39: 28, 30. 1988) but are not treated here because they are only rarely cultivated in China. 1a. Leaves reduced to phyllodes. 2a. Phyllodes 10–20 × 1.5–6 cm; inflorescence a spike ...................................................................................... 1. A. auriculiformis 2b. Phyllodes 6–10 × 0.4–1 cm; inflorescence a head ................................................................................................... 2. A. confusa 1b. Leaves bipinnate. 3a. Flowers in racemes or spikes. 4a. Trees armed; pinnae 10–30 pairs ....................................................................................................................... 7. A. catechu 4b. Shrubs unarmed; pinnae 5–15 pairs. 5a. Racemes 2–5 cm; midveins of leaflets close to upper margin ............................................................ 8. A. yunnanensis 5b. Racemes shorter than 2 cm; midveins of leaflets subcentral ........................................................................ 5. A. glauca 3b. Flowers in heads, then rearranged in panicles. 6a. -
Survival and Growth of Acacia Dealbata Vs. Native Trees Across an Invasion Front in South-Central Chile
Forest Ecology and Management 261 (2011) 1003–1009 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forest Ecology and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco Survival and growth of Acacia dealbata vs. native trees across an invasion front in south-central Chile Andrés Fuentes-Ramírez a,b,c, Aníbal Pauchard b,c,∗, Lohengrin A. Cavieres a,b,c, Rafael A. García b,c a Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile b Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile c Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile article info abstract Article history: Tree invasions cause important conservation problems, such as changes in plant community composi- Received 1 July 2010 tion, reduced regeneration rates of native species, and alteration in landscape structures. One of the most Received in revised form invasive tree genera in the world is Acacia (Fabaceae). In Chile, Acacia dealbata Link is distributed in the 10 December 2010 mediterranean zone, mostly associated with roadsides and anthropogenic disturbances. In this paper we Accepted 13 December 2010 address the following questions: How does A. dealbata perform across a gradient of native forest and Available online 15 January 2011 invasive stands? Will it be capable of establishing itself in non-invaded native forests and regenerating under its own canopy in the absence of disturbances? From a contrasting viewpoint, will native species Keywords: Seedling establishment such as Cryptocarya alba (Molina) Looser and Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) Oerst be able to survive in an A. -
Ornamental and Weed Potential of Acacia Baileyana F. Muell: Lnvestigations of Fertility and Leaf Colour
Ornamental and weed potential of Acacia baileyana F. Muell: lnvestigations of fertility and leaf colour Anne Morgan B.Sc. (Hons) Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Discipline of Wine and Horticulture School of Agriculture and'Wine Faculty of Sciences The University of Adelaide September 2003 A flowering branch of Acacia baileyana F. Muell. Table of Gontents Abstract I Declaration iü Acknowledgements iv Listof Tables vi List of Flgures x List of Plates xiü Chapter One: General Introduction I 1-I Acacia 1 I.2 Acaciabaileyana 2 1.2.1 Weed status ofAc¿cia baileyana J L.2.2 Ornamental status of Acacia baileyann 4 1.3 Thesis Objectives 5 Chapter Two: Literature Review 7 2 1 Fertility 7 2.1.1 Factors affecting seed production 7 2.t.l.l Number of flowers 7 2.1.L.2 Breeding systems 9 2.1.1.3 Pollinators l1 2.1.1.4 Predation t2 2.1.1.5 Resources and environmental conditions 12 2.2 Environmental weeds t3 2.2.1 Acacia species as weeds t4 2.3 Leafcolour 15 2.3.1 Anthocyanins t6 2.3.2 Flavonoid pathway to anthocyanin biosynthesis t7 2.3.3 Color¡r søbilising and intensifying effects t9 2.3.4 Envi¡onmental and abiotic factors regulating anthocyanin accumulation 20 2.3.5 Function of leaf anthocyanins 2l 2.3.6 Genes involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanins 23 Table of Contents 2.3.7 Inheritance of leaf colour 25 2.4 Conclusions 26 Chapúer Three: Environmental control of bud formation and flowering of clonal Acaciabaileyana 28 3.1 Intoduction 28 3.2 Materials and methods ............. -
Science, Sentiment and Territorial Chauvinism in the Acacia Name Change Debate
9 Science, sentiment and territorial chauvinism in the acacia name change debate Christian A. Kull School of Geography and Environmental Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria [email protected] Haripriya Rangan Monash University, Clayton, Victoria Introduction The genus Acacia, as Peter Kershaw has often told us, may be widely present in the landscape, but its pollen is seldom found in any abundance. The pollen grains are heavy and probably not capable of long-distance transport, and even where they dominate the vegetation, their pollen is greatly under-represented. Compounding the problem, Acacia pollen tends to break up into individual units that are difficult to identify. However, as we hope to show in our contribution celebrating Peter’s work, the poor representation of acacias in palaeoenvironmental records is more than compensated by its dominating presence in what has been described as one of the longest running, most acrimonious debates in the history of botanical nomenclature (Brummitt 2011). Few would imagine botanical nomenclature to be a hotbed of passion and intrigue, but the vociferous arguments and machinations of botanists regarding the rightful ownership of the Latin genus name Acacia give an extraordinary insight into the tensions that arise when factors such as aesthetic judgement, political clout and nationalist sentiments dominate the process of scientific classification. After much lobbying and procedural wrangling, on July 16, the last day of the 2005 International Botanical Congress in Vienna, botanists approved a decision to allow an exception to the nomenclatural ‘principle of priority’ for the acacia genus. With increasing demand by botanists to split apart the massive cosmopolitan and paraphyletic genus into several monophyletic genera, the Vienna decision conserved the name acacia for the members of the new genus from Australia. -
Synoptic Overview of Exotic Acacia, Senegalia and Vachellia (Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoid Clade, Fabaceae) in Egypt
plants Article Synoptic Overview of Exotic Acacia, Senegalia and Vachellia (Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoid Clade, Fabaceae) in Egypt Rania A. Hassan * and Rim S. Hamdy Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: For the first time, an updated checklist of Acacia, Senegalia and Vachellia species in Egypt is provided, focusing on the exotic species. Taking into consideration the retypification of genus Acacia ratified at the Melbourne International Botanical Congress (IBC, 2011), a process of reclassification has taken place worldwide in recent years. The review of Acacia and its segregates in Egypt became necessary in light of the available information cited in classical works during the last century. In Egypt, various taxa formerly placed in Acacia s.l., have been transferred to Acacia s.s., Acaciella, Senegalia, Parasenegalia and Vachellia. The present study is a contribution towards clarifying the nomenclatural status of all recorded species of Acacia and its segregate genera. This study recorded 144 taxa (125 species and 19 infraspecific taxa). Only 14 taxa (four species and 10 infraspecific taxa) are indigenous to Egypt (included now under Senegalia and Vachellia). The other 130 taxa had been introduced to Egypt during the last century. Out of the 130 taxa, 79 taxa have been recorded in literature. The focus of this study is the remaining 51 exotic taxa that have been traced as living species in Egyptian gardens or as herbarium specimens in Egyptian herbaria. The studied exotic taxa are accommodated under Acacia s.s. (24 taxa), Senegalia (14 taxa) and Vachellia (13 taxa). -
Australian Acacias Across Eastern Adriatic – Abundant but Not Aggressive
PERIODICUM BIOLOGORUM UDC 57:61 VOL. 116, No 3, 275–283, 2014 CODEN PDBIAD ISSN 0031-5362 Original scientific paper Australian acacias across eastern Adriatic – abundant but not aggressive Abstract MANUELA GIOVANETTI1 NINA VUKOVIĆ2 Background and Purpose: Biological invasions are considered among SVEN. D. JELASKA2 the main factors of global changes and the identification of future invaders 1Department of Biology, University of Florence may help in taking effective steps to prevent their dispersal and/or establish- Via G. La Pira 4, I-50121 Florence, Italy ment. For some Australian Acacia species, especially Acacia dealbata Link, 2Department of Botany, Division of Biology an invasive status has been already described in some European countries. Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb The aim of this work was surveying the actual spatial pattern of Australian Maruli}ev trg 20/II, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia acacias across the eastern Adriatic, and, by applying GIS techniques, to learn more about their ecology and distribution. Correspondence: Sven. D. Jelaska Materials and Methods: We carried on two field surveys during the Department of Botany, Division of Biology flowering season of the year 2014, and recorded the locations of Acacia spe- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb cies, their flowering state, floral characteristics, and the insects present on Maruli}ev trg 20/II, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia the inflorescences. We georeferenced any plant detected, and collected soils E-mail: [email protected] samples under the plant crowns and in close natural or semi-natural areas. Results and Conclusions: Very few species were recorded and mostly Non standard abbreviations: in private gardens, A. -
The Genus Acacia As Invader: the Characteristic Case of Acacia Dealbata Link in Europe Paula Lorenzo, Luís González, Manuel J
The genus Acacia as invader: the characteristic case of Acacia dealbata Link in Europe Paula Lorenzo, Luís González, Manuel J. Reigosa To cite this version: Paula Lorenzo, Luís González, Manuel J. Reigosa. The genus Acacia as invader: the characteristic case of Acacia dealbata Link in Europe. Annals of Forest Science, Springer Nature (since 2011)/EDP Science (until 2010), 2010, 67 (1), 10.1051/forest/2009082. hal-00883584 HAL Id: hal-00883584 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00883584 Submitted on 1 Jan 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Ann. For. Sci. 67 (2010) 101 Available online at: c INRA, EDP Sciences, 2009 www.afs-journal.org DOI: 10.1051/forest/2009082 Review article The genus Acacia as invader: the characteristic case of Acacia dealbata Link in Europe Paula Lorenzo,LuísGonzalez´ *,ManuelJ.Reigosa Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende 36310 Vigo, Spain (Received 20 May 2009; accepted 7 July 2009) Keywords: Abstract Acacia dealbata / • We review current knowledge about the biology of the genus Acacia,andAcacia dealbata Link biodiversity / (silver wattle) in particular, as an invader in Europe, focusing on (i) the biology of the genus Acacia; biological attributes / (ii) biological attributes that are important for the invasiveness of the genus and A. -
Acacia Dealbata Subsp. Subalpina (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae), a New Subspecies from South-Eastern Australia
319 Acacia dealbata subsp. subalpina (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae), a new subspecies from south-eastern Australia Phillip G. Kodela and Mary D. Tindale Abstract Kodela, Phillip G. and Tindale, Mary D. (National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia) 2001. Acacia dealbata subsp. subalpina (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae), a new subspecies from south-eastern Australia. Telopea 9(2): 319–322. Acacia dealbata subsp. subalpina (Acacia sect. Botrycephalae), is described from south-eastern New South Wales and northeastern Victoria. It occurs at higher altitudes of the tablelands, being distinguished from subsp. dealbata mainly by its smaller stature and leaves. Introduction Acacia dealbata Link is often characterised as a tree up to 30 m high, with bluish grey or silvery foliage. The bipinnate leaves are hairy with orbicular jugary glands. It occurs mainly on the tablelands (south from Guyra) and western slopes (south from Mudgee) of New South Wales, as well as being widespread in Victoria and eastern Tasmania. There are naturalised records from the Mount Lofty Range, South Australia, and south-western Western Australia. At higher altitudes (mainly above 700 m) in New South Wales and Victoria there is often a shrub to small tree form with smaller leaves; this is described here as subsp. subalpina. Taxonomy Acacia dealbata Link subsp. subalpina Tindale & Kodela, subsp. nov. Differt ab A. dealbata subsp. dealbata statura minore, arbusculae vel fruticis habitu ad 5 m (raro 10 m) alto, foliis 1.5–8.5 cm longis, pinnis plerumque 0.5–2.5 mm longis, pinnulis 0.7–4 mm longis, capitulis saepe aureis et floribus in capitulo 13–34. -
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of the Root Bark Extracts of Acacia Ataxacantha Dc (Fabaceae)
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF THE ROOT BARK EXTRACTS OF ACACIA ATAXACANTHA DC (FABACEAE) BY OPHELIA YAKANDI ABA DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY FACULTY OF SCIENCE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA MAY, 2015 PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF THE ROOT BARK EXTRACTS OF ACACIA ATAXACANTHA DC (FABACEAE) BY Ophelia Yakandi ABA, B.Sc.(Hons) Chemistry (ABU, 2008) MSC/SCIEN/9977/2011-2012 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA MAY, 2015 ii DECLARATION I declare that the work in this thesis entitled ―PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF THE ROOT BARK OF ACACIA ATAXACANTHA DC‖ has been carried out by me in the Department of Chemistry. The information derived from literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and a list of references provided. No part of this thesis was previously presented for another degree or diploma at this or any other Institution. Aba, Ophelia Yakandi __________________ _______________ _________________ Name of Student Signature Date iii CERTIFICATION This thesis entitled ―PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF THE ROOT OF Acacia ataxacantha DC (FABACEAE)‖ by Ophelia Yakandi ABA meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of Master of Science in Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. Prof. G.I. Ndukwe ______________ _________________ Chairman, Supervisory Committee Signature Date Dr. (Mrs) R.G. Ayo ______________ _________________ Member, Supervisory Committee Signature Date Prof. V.O. Ajibola _______________ _________________ Head of Department Signature Date Prof.