Insights for the Valorization of Biomass from Portuguese Invasive Acacia Spp
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(Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) in the Integrated Control of Acacia Species in South Africa
Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds 919 4-14 July 1999, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA Neal R. Spencer [ed.]. pp. 919-929 (2000) The Potential Role of Bruchophagus acaciae (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) in the Integrated Control of Acacia Species in South Africa R. L. HILL1, A. J. GORDON2, and S. NESER3 1Richard Hill & Associates, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand 2Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599 South Africa 3Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa Abstract Australian acacias invade watersheds and riverbeds in South Africa, reducing water flows and threatening environmental and economic values. Acacia mearnsii is the most widespread and important weed but also forms the basis of an important industry. A. dealbata, and to a lesser extent A. decurrens are also problems. All belong to the Section Botrycephalae of the sub-genus Heterophyllum. Short term control is achieved locally by removing plants, and by using herbicides, but seed-feeding control agents may provide an acceptable solution in the long term. Larvae of Bruchophagus acaciae (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) develop in the seeds of acacias. It was described from New Zealand, but is an Australian species. We explore whether B. acaciae has a role as a con- trol agent for acacias in South Africa. Seed was collected from 28 Australian species of Acacia growing in New Zealand. Attack was restricted to four of the seven species with- in the Section Botrycephalae, and two cases of attack on Acacia rubida (Section Phyllodineae; n=9). Apart from a wasp reared from one seed, A. -
Arxiv:1508.05435V1 [Physics.Bio-Ph]
Fast nastic motion of plants and bio-inspired structures Q. Guo1,2, E. Dai3, X. Han4, S. Xie5, E. Chao3, Z. Chen4 1College of Materials Science and Engineering, FuJian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350108, China 2Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application, Fuzhou 350108, China 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA 4Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, NH 03755, USA 5Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA ∗ (Dated: August 25, 2015) The capability to sense and respond to external mechanical stimuli at various timescales is es- sential to many physiological aspects in plants, including self-protection, intake of nutrients, and reproduction. Remarkably, some plants have evolved the ability to react to mechanical stimuli within a few seconds despite a lack of muscles and nerves. The fast movements of plants in response to mechanical stimuli have long captured the curiosity of scientists and engineers, but the mechanisms behind these rapid thigmonastic movements still are not understood completely. In this article, we provide an overview of such thigmonastic movements in several representative plants, including Dionaea, Utricularia, Aldrovanda, Drosera, and Mimosa. In addition, we review a series of studies that present biomimetic structures inspired by fast moving plants. We hope that this article will shed light on the current status of research on the fast movements of plants and bioinspired struc- tures and also promote interdisciplinary studies on both the fundamental mechanisms of plants’ fast movements and biomimetic structures for engineering applications, such as artificial muscles, multi-stable structures, and bioinspired robots. -
Human-Mediated Introductions of Australian Acacias
Diversity and Distributions, (Diversity Distrib.) (2011) 17, 771–787 S EDITORIAL Human-mediated introductions of PECIAL ISSUE Australian acacias – a global experiment in biogeography 1 2 1 3,4 David M. Richardson *, Jane Carruthers , Cang Hui , Fiona A. C. Impson , :H Joseph T. Miller5, Mark P. Robertson1,6, Mathieu Rouget7, Johannes J. Le Roux1 and John R. U. Wilson1,8 UMAN 1 Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of ABSTRACT - Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, MEDIATED INTRODUCTIONS OF Aim Australian acacias (1012 recognized species native to Australia, which were Matieland 7602, South Africa, 2Department of History, University of South Africa, PO Box previously grouped in Acacia subgenus Phyllodineae) have been moved extensively 392, Unisa 0003, South Africa, 3Department around the world by humans over the past 250 years. This has created the of Zoology, University of Cape Town, opportunity to explore how evolutionary, ecological, historical and sociological Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, 4Plant factors interact to affect the distribution, usage, invasiveness and perceptions of a Protection Research Institute, Private Bag globally important group of plants. This editorial provides the background for the X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa, 20 papers in this special issue of Diversity and Distributions that focusses on the 5Centre for Australian National Biodiversity global cross-disciplinary experiment of introduced Australian acacias. A Journal of Conservation Biogeography Research, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box Location Australia and global. 1600, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 6Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Methods The papers of the special issue are discussed in the context of a unified Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, framework for biological invasions. -
Allelopathic Effect of the Invasive Acacia Dealbata Link (Fabaceae) on Two Native Plant Species in South-Central Chile
Gayana Bot. 72(2): 231-239, 2015 ISSN 0016-5301 Allelopathic effect of the invasive Acacia dealbata Link (Fabaceae) on two native plant species in south-central Chile Efecto alelopático de la invasora Acacia dealbata Link (Fabaceae) en dos especies de plantas nativas del centro-sur de Chile NARCISO AGUILERA1,2, JOSÉ BECERRA2, LUBIA M. GUEDES2, CRISTOBAL VILLASEÑOR-PARADA3,4, LUIS GONZÁLEZ5 & VÍCTOR HERNÁNDEZ2 1Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile. 2Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Depart amento de Botánica Universidad de Concepción, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile. 3Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile. 4Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile. 5Departamento Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas Marcosende 36310 Vigo, España. *[email protected] ABSTRACT Plant species that growth close to or under the canopy of Acacia dealbata Link (Fabaceae, subfamily: Mimosoideae) within its non-native range, survive with difficulty or not at all, especially if they are native. This phenomenon has been attributed to allelopathy; one of the strategies used by A. dealbata to trigger an invasion process. Native species Quillaja saponaria Molina (tree) and Helenium aromaticum (Hook.) H.L. Bailey (herb), share A. dealbata’s range in South-central Chile. This study was performed on the Mediterranean Biobío Region of Chile. We evaluated the effect of leaves, flowers, pods and seeds of A. dealbata on the germination and early growth of these native species. -
The Genetic Architecture of UV Floral Patterning in Sunflower
Annals of Botany 120: 39–50, 2017 doi:10.1093/aob/mcx038, available online at https://academic.oup.com/aob The genetic architecture of UV floral patterning in sunflower Brook T. Moyers1,2,*,†, Gregory L. Owens1,†, Gregory J. Baute1 and Loren H. Rieseberg1 1Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Room 3529-6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada and 2Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA *For correspondence. E-mail [email protected] †G. L. Owens and B. T. Moyers are co-first authors. Received: 16 September 2016 Returned for revision: 26 November 2016 Editorial decision: 25 February 2017 Accepted: 14 March 2017 Published electronically: 27 April 2017 Background and Aims The patterning of floral ultraviolet (UV) pigmentation varies both intra- and interspecifi- cally in sunflowers and many other plant species, impacts pollinator attraction, and can be critical to reproductive success and crop yields. However, the genetic basis for variation in UV patterning is largely unknown. This study examines the genetic architecture for proportional and absolute size of the UV bullseye in Helianthus argophyllus, a close relative of the domesticated sunflower. Methods A camera modified to capture UV light (320–380 nm) was used to phenotype floral UV patterning in an F2 mapping population, then quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified using genotyping-by-sequencing and linkage mapping. The ability of these QTL to predict the UV patterning of natural population individuals was also assessed. Key Results Proportional UV pigmentation is additively controlled by six moderate effect QTL that are predic- tive of this phenotype in natural populations. -
Mimosa Diplotricha Giant Sensitive Plant
Invasive Pest Fact Sheet Asia - Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network A P F I S N Mimosa diplotricha Giant sensitive plant The Asia-Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network (APFISN) has been established as a response to the immense costs and dangers posed by invasive species to the sustainable management of forests in the Asia-Pacific region. APFISN is a cooperative alliance of the 33 member countries in the Asia-Pacific Forestry Commission (APFC) - a statutory body of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The network focuses on inter-country cooperation that helps to detect, prevent, monitor, eradicate and/or control forest invasive species in the Asia-Pacific region. Specific objectives of the network are: 1) raise awareness of invasive species throughout the Asia-Pacific region; 2) define and develop organizational structures; 3) build capacity within member countries and 4) develop and share databases and information. Distribution: South and Scientific name: Mimosa diplotricha C.Wright South-East Asia, the Pacific Synonym: Mimosa invisa Islands, northern Australia, South and Central America, the Common name: Giant sensitive plant, creeping Hawaiian Islands, parts of sensitive plant, nila grass. Africa, Nigeria and France. In India, it currently occurs Local name: Anathottawadi, padaincha (Kerala, throughout Kerala state and in India), banla saet (Cambodia), certain parts of the northeast, duri semalu (Malaysia), makahiyang lalaki especially the state of Assam. Its Flowers (Philippines), maiyaraap thao (Thailand), occurrence in other states is Cogadrogadro (Fiji). unknown and needs to be ascertained. M. diplotricha has Taxonomic position: not attained weed status in the Mimosa stem with prickles Division: Magnoliophyta Americas, Western Asia, East Class: Magnoliopsida, Order: Fabales Africa and Europe. -
Mimosa (Albizia Julibrissin)
W232 Mimosa (Albizia julibrissin) Becky Koepke-Hill, Extension Assistant, Plant Sciences Greg Armel, Assistant Professor, Extension Weed Specialist for Invasive Weeds, Plant Sciences Origin: Mimosa is native to Asia, from Iran to Japan. It was introduced to the United States in 1745 as an ornamental plant. Description: Mimosa is a legume with double-compound leaves that give the 20- to 40-foot tree a fern-like appear- ance. Each leaf has 10 to 25 leaflets and 40 to 60 subleaflets per leaflet. In the summer, the tree pro- duces pink puff flowers. Fruits are produced in the fall and are contained in tan seedpods. The tree often has multiple stems and a broad, spreading canopy. Seed- lings can be confused with other double-compound legumes, but mimosa does not have thorns or prickles like black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), and has a woody base, unlike hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata). Habitat: Mimosa is cold-hardy to USDA hardiness zone 6 and is not found in elevations above 3,000 feet. Mimosa will thrive in full sun in a wide range of soils in any dis- turbed habitat, such as stream banks, roadsides and old fields. Mimosa can live in partial shade, but is almost never found in full shade or dense forests. Mi- mosa often spreads by seeds from nearby ornamental plantings, or by fill dirt containing mimosa seeds. It is a growing problem in aquatic environments, where mimosa gets started on the disturbed stream banks, and its seeds are carried by the running water. Environmental Impact: Mimosa is challenging to remove once it is estab- lished. -
Download Sanders-2019-Plantspeopleplanet.Pdf
DOI: 10.1002/ppp3.6 EDITORIAL Trapped in time: Lingering with “Plantness” 1 | INTRODUCTION 2 or 3 times, & then at same rate untwists & twists in opposite direction. It generally rests half an hour before In modern urban existence, the complex lives of plants are often re‐ it retrogrades. The stem does not become permanently duced to simplistic categories, which resonate with human utility; twisted. The stem beneath the twisting portion does not as Jahren (2016) noted: “Human civilization has reduced the plant, move in the least, though not tied. The movement goes a four‐hundred‐million‐year‐old life form, into three things: food, on all day & all early night— It has no relation to light for medicine and wood” (p. 279). These categories speak little of the the plant stands in my window & twists from the light just contributions plants make to the ecological fabric of life on Earth; as quickly as towards it. both on land and in the oceans, nor to the exploitation of humans (Darwin Correspondence Project Letter) by plants, for example, Darnel Lolium temulentum (Thomas, Archer, & Marggraf Turley, 2016); neither do they acknowledge the complex Unlike Charles Darwin, contemporary urban humans “are largely inter‐ and intrasystems in which plants live out their lives (Gagliano, asynchronous with plants” and “have neither the patience nor the 2015; Iverson et al., 2017). The temporal zones that plants inhabit capacity to linger with them, to accompany their development and need to be multifaceted: the “capability to sense and respond to ex‐ growth” (Marder, 2013, p. 19). But what if city dwellers did stay and lin‐ ternal mechanical stimuli at various timescales is essential to many ger with their houseplants? What might they witness? (Sanders, 2018) physiological aspects in plants, including self‐protection, intake of (Figures 1 and 2). -
ACACIA Miller, Gard
Flora of China 10: 55–59. 2010. 31. ACACIA Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4, [25]. 1754, nom. cons. 金合欢属 jin he huan shu Acaciella Britton & Rose; Racosperma Martius; Senegalia Rafinesque; Vachellia Wight & Arnott. Morphological characters and geographic distribution are the same as those of the tribe. The genus is treated here sensu lato, including the African, American, Asian, and Australian species. Acacia senegal (Linnaeus) Willdenow and A. nilotica (Linnaeus) Delile were treated in FRPS (39: 28, 30. 1988) but are not treated here because they are only rarely cultivated in China. 1a. Leaves reduced to phyllodes. 2a. Phyllodes 10–20 × 1.5–6 cm; inflorescence a spike ...................................................................................... 1. A. auriculiformis 2b. Phyllodes 6–10 × 0.4–1 cm; inflorescence a head ................................................................................................... 2. A. confusa 1b. Leaves bipinnate. 3a. Flowers in racemes or spikes. 4a. Trees armed; pinnae 10–30 pairs ....................................................................................................................... 7. A. catechu 4b. Shrubs unarmed; pinnae 5–15 pairs. 5a. Racemes 2–5 cm; midveins of leaflets close to upper margin ............................................................ 8. A. yunnanensis 5b. Racemes shorter than 2 cm; midveins of leaflets subcentral ........................................................................ 5. A. glauca 3b. Flowers in heads, then rearranged in panicles. 6a. -
Volatiles Associated with Different Flower Stages and Leaves of Acacia
South African Journal of Botany 76 (2010) 701–709 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Volatiles associated with different flower stages and leaves of Acacia cyclops and their potential role as host attractants for Dasineura dielsi (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) ⁎ M.J. Kotze a, , A. Jürgens b, S.D. Johnson b, J.H. Hoffmann a a Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa b School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa Received 19 June 2010; received in revised form 26 July 2010; accepted 27 July 2010 Abstract Acacia cyclops (Fabaceae) is an Australian species which was introduced into South Africa in the nineteenth century. Because of its invasive status in South Africa, a gall midge, Dasineura dielsi (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), was released in 2001 in order to impact its reproduction by inducing galls on the flowers and thereby preventing seed set. Nothing is known about the cues used by D. dielsi for locating its host flowers. As part of an initial investigation into whether or not chemical cues might play a role in host finding, we analysed headspace samples of Acacia cyclops volatiles from leaves and reproductive parts at different stages (early bud, late bud, early flowering, and senescing flowering stages) using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In total, 72 different compounds were detected of which 62 were identified. The analyses showed that open flowers, the stage used by D. dielsi for oviposition, and yellow buds had similar odour compositions with (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol acetate, 4-oxoisophorone, (Z)-β-ocimene, an unknown aliphatic compound, heptadecane, and nonadecane dominating in open flowers. -
Survival and Growth of Acacia Dealbata Vs. Native Trees Across an Invasion Front in South-Central Chile
Forest Ecology and Management 261 (2011) 1003–1009 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forest Ecology and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco Survival and growth of Acacia dealbata vs. native trees across an invasion front in south-central Chile Andrés Fuentes-Ramírez a,b,c, Aníbal Pauchard b,c,∗, Lohengrin A. Cavieres a,b,c, Rafael A. García b,c a Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile b Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile c Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile article info abstract Article history: Tree invasions cause important conservation problems, such as changes in plant community composi- Received 1 July 2010 tion, reduced regeneration rates of native species, and alteration in landscape structures. One of the most Received in revised form invasive tree genera in the world is Acacia (Fabaceae). In Chile, Acacia dealbata Link is distributed in the 10 December 2010 mediterranean zone, mostly associated with roadsides and anthropogenic disturbances. In this paper we Accepted 13 December 2010 address the following questions: How does A. dealbata perform across a gradient of native forest and Available online 15 January 2011 invasive stands? Will it be capable of establishing itself in non-invaded native forests and regenerating under its own canopy in the absence of disturbances? From a contrasting viewpoint, will native species Keywords: Seedling establishment such as Cryptocarya alba (Molina) Looser and Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) Oerst be able to survive in an A. -
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