BI 101: Invertebrate Animals
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Appendix to Taxonomic Revision of Leopold and Rudolf Blaschkas' Glass Models of Invertebrates 1888 Catalogue, with Correction
http://www.natsca.org Journal of Natural Science Collections Title: Appendix to Taxonomic revision of Leopold and Rudolf Blaschkas’ Glass Models of Invertebrates 1888 Catalogue, with correction of authorities Author(s): Callaghan, E., Egger, B., Doyle, H., & E. G. Reynaud Source: Callaghan, E., Egger, B., Doyle, H., & E. G. Reynaud. (2020). Appendix to Taxonomic revision of Leopold and Rudolf Blaschkas’ Glass Models of Invertebrates 1888 Catalogue, with correction of authorities. Journal of Natural Science Collections, Volume 7, . URL: http://www.natsca.org/article/2587 NatSCA supports open access publication as part of its mission is to promote and support natural science collections. NatSCA uses the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCAL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ for all works we publish. Under CCAL authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy articles in NatSCA publications, so long as the original authors and source are cited. TABLE 3 – Callaghan et al. WARD AUTHORITY TAXONOMY ORIGINAL SPECIES NAME REVISED SPECIES NAME REVISED AUTHORITY N° (Ward Catalogue 1888) Coelenterata Anthozoa Alcyonaria 1 Alcyonium digitatum Linnaeus, 1758 2 Alcyonium palmatum Pallas, 1766 3 Alcyonium stellatum Milne-Edwards [?] Sarcophyton stellatum Kükenthal, 1910 4 Anthelia glauca Savigny Lamarck, 1816 5 Corallium rubrum Lamarck Linnaeus, 1758 6 Gorgonia verrucosa Pallas, 1766 [?] Eunicella verrucosa 7 Kophobelemon (Umbellularia) stelliferum -
Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans 621
Animal Origins and the Evolution 32 of Body Plans In 1822, nearly forty years before Darwin wrote The Origin of Species, a French naturalist, Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, was examining a lob- ster. He noticed that when he turned the lobster upside down and viewed it with its ventral surface up, its central nervous system was located above its digestive tract, which in turn was located above its heart—the same relative positions these systems have in mammals when viewed dorsally. His observations led Geoffroy to conclude that the differences between arthropods (such as lobsters) and vertebrates (such as mammals) could be explained if the embryos of one of those groups were inverted during development. Geoffroy’s suggestion was regarded as preposterous at the time and was largely dismissed until recently. However, the discovery of two genes that influence a sys- tem of extracellular signals involved in development has lent new support to Geof- froy’s seemingly outrageous hypothesis. Genes that Control Development A A vertebrate gene called chordin helps to establish cells on one side of the embryo human and a lobster carry similar genes that control the development of the body as dorsal and on the other as ventral. A probably homologous gene in fruit flies, called axis, but these genes position their body sog, acts in a similar manner, but has the opposite effect. Fly cells where sog is active systems inversely. A lobster’s nervous sys- become ventral, whereas vertebrate cells where chordin is active become dorsal. How- tem runs up its ventral (belly) surface, whereas a vertebrate’s runs down its dorsal ever, when sog mRNA is injected into an embryo (back) surface. -
Animal Phylum Poster Porifera
Phylum PORIFERA CNIDARIA PLATYHELMINTHES ANNELIDA MOLLUSCA ECHINODERMATA ARTHROPODA CHORDATA Hexactinellida -- glass (siliceous) Anthozoa -- corals and sea Turbellaria -- free-living or symbiotic Polychaetes -- segmented Gastopods -- snails and slugs Asteroidea -- starfish Trilobitomorpha -- tribolites (extinct) Urochordata -- tunicates Groups sponges anemones flatworms (Dugusia) bristleworms Bivalves -- clams, scallops, mussels Echinoidea -- sea urchins, sand Chelicerata Cephalochordata -- lancelets (organisms studied in detail in Demospongia -- spongin or Hydrazoa -- hydras, some corals Trematoda -- flukes (parasitic) Oligochaetes -- earthworms (Lumbricus) Cephalopods -- squid, octopus, dollars Arachnida -- spiders, scorpions Mixini -- hagfish siliceous sponges Xiphosura -- horseshoe crabs Bio1AL are underlined) Cubozoa -- box jellyfish, sea wasps Cestoda -- tapeworms (parasitic) Hirudinea -- leeches nautilus Holothuroidea -- sea cucumbers Petromyzontida -- lamprey Mandibulata Calcarea -- calcareous sponges Scyphozoa -- jellyfish, sea nettles Monogenea -- parasitic flatworms Polyplacophora -- chitons Ophiuroidea -- brittle stars Chondrichtyes -- sharks, skates Crustacea -- crustaceans (shrimp, crayfish Scleropongiae -- coralline or Crinoidea -- sea lily, feather stars Actinipterygia -- ray-finned fish tropical reef sponges Hexapoda -- insects (cockroach, fruit fly) Sarcopterygia -- lobed-finned fish Myriapoda Amphibia (frog, newt) Chilopoda -- centipedes Diplopoda -- millipedes Reptilia (snake, turtle) Aves (chicken, hummingbird) Mammalia -
Animal Kingdom
ANIMAL KINGDOM Characteristics of Animals Heterotrophic Can’t make their own food Mobile Multicellular Diploid cells Sexual reproduction No cell wall Blastula Fertilized egg cell divides to form a hollow ball of cells Forms 3 layers – ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm Tissues Group of cells with a common function Characteristics of Animals Body symmetry Asymmetrical – irregular in shape Ex: sponges Radial symmetry – body parts around a central axis Ex: sea anemone Bilateral symmetry – distinct right and left halves Characteristics of Animals Internal body cavity Coelom – fluid-filled space between the body wall and digestive tract Acoelomates – animal with no body cavity Pseudocoelomates – “false coelom” Located between mesoderm and endoderm Coelomates – body cavity located entirely in the mesoderm Kinds of Animals Divided into two groups Invertebrates Animals without a backbone Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms and Roundworms SPONGES Phylum – Porifera Asymmetrical body form Not organized into tissues and organs Ostia – openings in the body wall Where water enters the sponge Oscula – large openings Where water exits the sponge Sessile – attached to the sea bottom or a rock or coral reef and don’t move from that place Filter feeders Can reproduce sexually or asexually CNIDARIANS What kinds of animals are these??? Jellyfish, sea anemones 2 different body forms Medusa – free-floating, jellylike, often shaped like an umbrella Polyp – tubelike and usually -
Understanding Paraxial Mesoderm Development and Sclerotome Specification for Skeletal Repair Shoichiro Tani 1,2, Ung-Il Chung2,3, Shinsuke Ohba4 and Hironori Hojo2,3
Tani et al. Experimental & Molecular Medicine (2020) 52:1166–1177 https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-0482-1 Experimental & Molecular Medicine REVIEW ARTICLE Open Access Understanding paraxial mesoderm development and sclerotome specification for skeletal repair Shoichiro Tani 1,2, Ung-il Chung2,3, Shinsuke Ohba4 and Hironori Hojo2,3 Abstract Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are attractive regenerative therapy tools for skeletal tissues. However, a deep understanding of skeletal development is required in order to model this development with PSCs, and for the application of PSCs in clinical settings. Skeletal tissues originate from three types of cell populations: the paraxial mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm, and neural crest. The paraxial mesoderm gives rise to the sclerotome mainly through somitogenesis. In this process, key developmental processes, including initiation of the segmentation clock, formation of the determination front, and the mesenchymal–epithelial transition, are sequentially coordinated. The sclerotome further forms vertebral columns and contributes to various other tissues, such as tendons, vessels (including the dorsal aorta), and even meninges. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these developmental processes, extensive studies have been conducted. These studies have demonstrated that a gradient of activities involving multiple signaling pathways specify the embryonic axis and induce cell-type-specific master transcription factors in a spatiotemporal manner. Moreover, applying the knowledge of mesoderm development, researchers have attempted to recapitulate the in vivo development processes in in vitro settings, using mouse and human PSCs. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art understanding of mesoderm development and in vitro modeling of mesoderm development using PSCs. We also discuss future perspectives on the use of PSCs to generate skeletal tissues for basic research and clinical applications. -
Introduction to Phylum Chordata
Unifying Themes 1. Chordate evolution is a history of innovations that is built upon major invertebrate traits •bilateral symmetry •cephalization •segmentation •coelom or "gut" tube 2. Chordate evolution is marked by physical and behavioral specializations • For example the forelimb of mammals has a wide range of structural variation, specialized by natural selection 3. Evolutionary innovations and specializations led to adaptive radiations - the development of a variety of forms from a single ancestral group Characteristics of the Chordates 1. Notochord 2. dorsal hollow nerve cord 3. pharyngeal gill slits 4. postanal tail 5. endostyle Characteristics of the Chordates Notochord •stiff, flexible rod, provides internal support • Remains throughout the life of most invertebrate chordates • only in the embryos of vertebrate chordates Characteristics of the Chordates cont. Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord (Spinal Cord) •fluid-filled tube of nerve tissue, runs the length of the animal, just dorsal to the notochord • Present in chordates throughout embryonic and adult life Characteristics of the Chordates cont. Pharyngeal gill slits • Pairs of opening through the pharynx • Invertebrate chordates use them to filter food •In fishes the gill sits develop into true gills • In reptiles, birds, and mammals the gill slits are vestiges (occurring only in the embryo) Characteristics of the Chordates cont. Endostyle • mucous secreting structure found in the pharynx floor (traps small food particles) Characteristics of the Chordates cont. Postanal Tail • works with muscles (myomeres) & notochord to provide motility & stability • Aids in propulsion in nonvertebrates & fish but vestigial in later lineages SubPhylum Urochordata Ex: tunicates or sea squirts • Sessile as adults, but motile during the larval stages • Possess all 5 chordate characteristics as larvae • Settle head first on hard substrates and undergo a dramatic metamorphosis • tail, notochord, muscle segments, and nerve cord disappear SubPhylum Urochordata cont. -
Studies on Cnidophage, Specialized Cell for Kleptocnida, of Pteraeolidia Semperi (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia)
Studies on Cnidophage, Specialized Cell for Kleptocnida, of Pteraeolidia semperi (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) January 2021 Togawa Yumiko Studies on Cnidophage, Specialized Cell for Kleptocnida, of Pteraeolidia semperi (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Tsukuba in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Doctoral Program in Life Sciences and Bioengineering) Togawa Yumiko Table of Contents General Introduction ...........................................................................................2 References .............................................................................................................5 Part Ⅰ Formation process of ceras rows in the cladobranchian sea slug Pteraeolidia semperi Introduction ..........................................................................................................6 Materials and Methods ........................................................................................8 Results and Discussion........................................................................................13 References............................................................................................................18 Figures and Tables .............................................................................................21 Part II Development, regeneration and ultrastructure of ceras, cnidosac and cnidophage, specialized organ, tissue -
Human Anatomy Bio 11 Embryology “Chapter 3”
Human Anatomy Bio 11 Embryology “chapter 3” Stages of development 1. “Pre-” really early embryonic period: fertilization (egg + sperm) forms the zygote gastrulation [~ first 3 weeks] 2. Embryonic period: neurulation organ formation [~ weeks 3-8] 3. Fetal period: growth and maturation [week 8 – birth ~ 40 weeks] Human life cycle MEIOSIS • compare to mitosis • disjunction & non-disjunction – aneuploidy e.g. Down syndrome = trisomy 21 • visit http://www.ivc.edu/faculty/kschmeidler/Pages /sc-mitosis-meiosis.pdf • and/or http://www.ivc.edu/faculty/kschmeidler/Pages /HumGen/mit-meiosis.pdf GAMETOGENESIS We will discuss, a bit, at the end of the semester. For now, suffice to say that mature males produce sperm and mature females produce ova (ovum; egg) all of which are gametes Gametes are haploid which means that each gamete contains half the full portion of DNA, compared to somatic cells = all the rest of our cells Fertilization restores the diploid state. Early embryonic stages blastocyst (blastula) 6 days of human embryo development http://www.sisuhospital.org/FET.php human early embryo development https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/28- 2-embryonic-development/ https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/images/thumb/d/dd/Model_human_blastocyst_development.jpg/600px-Model_human_blastocyst_development.jpg Good Sites To Visit • Schmeidler: http://www.ivc.edu/faculty/kschmeidler/Pages /sc_EMBRY-DEV.pdf • https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryol ogy/index.php/Week_1 • https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/c hapter/28-2-embryonic-development/ -
The Extraordinary Genus Myja Is Not a Tergipedid, but Related to the Facelinidae S
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 818: 89–116 (2019)The extraordinary genusMyja is not a tergipedid, but related to... 89 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.818.30477 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research The extraordinary genus Myja is not a tergipedid, but related to the Facelinidae s. str. with the addition of two new species from Japan (Mollusca, Nudibranchia) Alexander Martynov1, Rahul Mehrotra2,3, Suchana Chavanich2,4, Rie Nakano5, Sho Kashio6, Kennet Lundin7,8, Bernard Picton9,10, Tatiana Korshunova1,11 1 Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya Str. 6, 125009 Moscow, Russia 2 Reef Biology Research Group, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 3 New Heaven Reef Conservation Program, 48 Moo 3, Koh Tao, Suratthani 84360, Thailand 4 Center for Marine Biotechnology, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn Univer- sity, Bangkok 10330, Thailand5 Kuroshio Biological Research Foundation, 560-I, Nishidomari, Otsuki, Hata- Gun, Kochi, 788-0333, Japan 6 Natural History Museum, Kishiwada City, 6-5 Sakaimachi, Kishiwada, Osaka Prefecture 596-0072, Japan 7 Gothenburg Natural History Museum, Box 7283, S-40235, Gothenburg, Sweden 8 Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, S-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden 9 National Mu- seums Northern Ireland, Holywood, Northern Ireland, UK 10 Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK 11 Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilova Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia Corresponding author: Alexander Martynov ([email protected]) Academic editor: Nathalie Yonow | Received 10 October 2018 | Accepted 3 January 2019 | Published 23 January 2019 http://zoobank.org/85650B90-B4DD-4FE0-8C16-FD34BA805C07 Citation: Martynov A, Mehrotra R, Chavanich S, Nakano R, Kashio S, Lundin K, Picton B, Korshunova T (2019) The extraordinary genus Myja is not a tergipedid, but related to the Facelinidae s. -
Diversity of Symbiodinium Dinoflagellate Symbionts from the Indo-Pacific Sea Slug Pteraeolidia Ianthina (Gastropoda: Mollusca)
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 320: 177–184, 2006 Published August 29 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Diversity of Symbiodinium dinoflagellate symbionts from the Indo-Pacific sea slug Pteraeolidia ianthina (Gastropoda: Mollusca) William K. W. Loh1,*, Melissa Cowlishaw1, 2, Nerida G. Wilson1, 3 1Centre for Marine Studies, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia 2Present address: School of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia 3Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, 101 Rouse Life Sciences Building, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA ABSTRACT: The aeolid nudibranch Pteraeolidia ianthina hosts symbiotic dinoflagellates in the same way as many reef-building corals. This widespread Indo-Pacific sea slug ranges from tropical to tem- perate waters, and offers a unique opportunity to examine a symbiosis that occurs over a large latitu- dinal gradient. We used partial 28S and 18S nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA to examine the genetic diversity of the Symbiodinium dinoflagellates contained within P. ianthina. We detected Symbio- dinium from genetic clades A, B, C and D. P. ianthina from tropical regions (Singapore, Sulawesi) host Symbiodinium clade C or D or both; those from the subtropical eastern Australian coast (Heron Island, Mon Repo, Moreton Bay, Tweed Heads) host Symbiodinium clade C, but those from the tem- perate southeastern Australian coastline (Port Stephens, Bare Island) host clade A or B or both. The Symbiodinium populations within 1 individual nudibranch could be homogeneous or heterogeneous at inter- or intra-clade levels (or both). Our results suggested that the Pteraeolidia-Symbiodinium symbiosis is flexible and favours symbiont phylotypes best adapted for that environment. -
Title FEEDING PREFERENCES and RATES of the SNAIL, IANTHINA
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kyoto University Research Information Repository FEEDING PREFERENCES AND RATES OF THE SNAIL, IANTHINA PROLONGATA, THE BARNACLE, LEPAS Title ANSERIFERA, THE NUDIBRANCHS, GLAUCUS ATLANTICUS AND FIONA PINNATA, AND THE FOOD WEB IN THE MARINE NEUSTON Author(s) Bieri, Robert PUBLICATIONS OF THE SETO MARINE BIOLOGICAL Citation LABORATORY (1966), 14(2): 161-170 Issue Date 1966-06-30 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/175429 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University FEEDING PREFERENCES AND RATES OF THE SNAIL, IANTHINA PROLONGATA, THE BARNACLE, LEPAS ANSERIFERA, THE NUDIBRANCHS, GLAUCUS ATLANTICUS AND FIONA PINNATA, AND THE FOOD WEB IN THE MARINE NEUSTON'l RoBERT BIERI Antioch College, Yellow Springs, Ohio With Plates III-IV and 1 Text-figure On the afternoon of November 5, 1965 during strong north-northwest winds, Porpita, Velella, Physalia, G!aucus, Lepas, Fiona, and three species of Ianthina were blown onto the north beach of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory. In the Laboratory with an ample supply of running sea water, many of these animals lived for several days and I was able to observe their feeding preferences and rates. On the basis of these obervations and the reports of other workers it is possible to construct a preliminary diagram of the neuston food web. Ianthina prolongata Of the three species of Ianthina washed ashore, I. janthina forma balteata, I. umbilicata, and I. prolongata, I. prolongata was most abundant. I was able to collect more than 160 of them in less than an hour. -
THE FESTIVUS ISSN: 0738-9388 a Publication of the San Diego Shell Club
(?mo< . fn>% Vo I. 12 ' 2 ? ''f/ . ) QUfrl THE FESTIVUS ISSN: 0738-9388 A publication of the San Diego Shell Club Volume: XXII January 11, 1990 Number: 1 CLUB OFFICERS SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD President Kim Hutsell R. Tucker Abbott Vice President David K. Mulliner American Malacologists Secretary (Corres. ) Richard Negus Eugene V. Coan Secretary (Record. Wayne Reed Research Associate Treasurer Margaret Mulliner California Academy of Sciences Anthony D’Attilio FESTIVUS STAFF 2415 29th Street Editor Carole M. Hertz San Diego California 92104 Photographer David K. Mulliner } Douglas J. Eernisse MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION University of Michigan Annual dues are payable to San Diego William K. Emerson Shell Club. Single member: $10.00; American Museum of Natural History Family membership: $12.00; Terrence M. Gosliner Overseas (surface mail): $12.00; California Academy of Sciences Overseas (air mail): $25.00. James H. McLean Address all correspondence to the Los Angeles County Museum San Diego Shell Club, Inc., c/o 3883 of Natural History Mt. Blackburn Ave., San Diego, CA 92111 Barry Roth Research Associate Single copies of this issue: $5.00. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Postage is additional. Emily H. Vokes Tulane University The Festivus is published monthly except December. The publication Meeting date: third Thursday, 7:30 PM, date appears on the masthead above. Room 104, Casa Del Prado, Balboa Park. PROGRAM TRAVELING THE EAST COAST OF AUSTRALIA Jules and Carole Hertz will present a slide program on their recent three week trip to Queensland and Sydney. They will also bring a display of shells they collected Slides of the Club Christmas party will also be shown.