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Progress Towards Regional Integration in West Africa

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Progress Towards Regional Integration in West Africa ECA-WA 2015 An assessment of progress towards regional integration in the ECOWAS Sub-Regional Office Economic Community for West Africa of West African States ECA-WA/NREC/2015/03 Original text: French AN ASSESSMENT OF PROGRESS TOWARDS REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN THE ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF WEST AFRICAN STATES SINCE ITS INCEPTION MAY 2015 1 ECA-WA 2015 An assessment of progress towards regional integration in the ECOWAS CONTENT LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................................ 5 LIST OF CHARTS ........................................................................................................................ 6 LIST OF BOXES ........................................................................................................................... 6 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................ 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 10 FOREWORD .............................................................................................................................. 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 14 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 19 I. RATIONALE FOR REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN WEST AFRICA .......................................... 20 1. THEORETICAL REASONS ..................................................................................................... 20 1.1. Overview of regional intergration ................................................................................................... 20 1.2. Static and dynamic effects of trade integration .............................................................................. 23 1.3. Potential benefits from sectoral policy coordination ..................................................................... 26 1.4. Advantages and key factors of success in currency and financial unification ............................. 27 2. HISTORICAL AND PRACTICAL REASONS ............................................................................ 27 2.1. Historical Facts and geographical context ...................................................................................... 27 2.2. Cross-border Initiatives and activities ............................................................................................ 30 3. HISTORY OF SUB-REGIONAL STRUCTURING INITIATIVES ................................................ 33 II. ESTABLISHMENT AND EVOLUTION OF ECOWAS .............................................................. 34 1. GOALS PURSUED BY ECOWAS FOUNDING FATHERS .......................................................... 34 2. MAJOR STEPS AND DECISIONS ............................................................................................ 35 2.1. The Revised Treaty .......................................................................................................................... 35 2.2. Subsequent institutional development ............................................................................................ 38 2.3. Community building gains .............................................................................................................. 39 III. REVIEW OF MAJOR ECOWAS COMMON SECTORAL POLICIES ....................................... 50 1. TRADE, CUSTOMS AND FREE MOVEMENT .......................................................................... 50 1.1. Free movement of persons ............................................................................................................... 50 1.2. Free movement of goods ................................................................................................................. 51 2. INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................................................................................ 56 2.1. Road transport .................................................................................................................................. 56 2.2. Rail transport .................................................................................................................................... 59 2.3. Air transport ...................................................................................................................................... 61 2.4. Maritime and inland waterway transport ........................................................................................ 61 3. TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY .......................................... 61 4. ENERGY AND MINES ............................................................................................................. 63 4.1. Energy ............................................................................................................................................... 63 4.2. Mines................................................................................................................................................. 66 5. AGRICULTURE, ENVIRONMENT AND WATER RESOURCES ................................................ 67 2 ECA-WA 2015 An assessment of progress towards regional integration in the ECOWAS 5.1. Agriculture ........................................................................................................................................ 67 5.2. Environment ..................................................................................................................................... 68 5.3. Water resources ................................................................................................................................ 69 6. INDUSTRY, AND PROMOTION OF THE PRIVATE AND FINANCIAL SECTORS ..................... 70 6.1. Promoting industrial development .................................................................................................. 70 6.2. Promoting investment ...................................................................................................................... 70 6.3. Financing the regional economy ..................................................................................................... 71 7. SOCIAL AFFAIRS AND GENDER ISSUES ............................................................................... 72 7.1. Health ................................................................................................................................................ 72 7.2. Gender and childhood issues ........................................................................................................... 73 8. EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND CULTURE ................................................................................. 73 8.1. Education .......................................................................................................................................... 73 8.2. Science and Technology .................................................................................................................. 74 8.3. Culture .............................................................................................................................................. 74 8.4. Youth and Sports .............................................................................................................................. 75 9. POLITICAL AFFAIRS, PEACE AND SECURITY ...................................................................... 75 9.1. The Protocol relating to the Mcchanism for Conflict Prevention, Management, Resolution, Peace-keeping and Security .................................................................................................................... 75 9.2. The Protocol on Democracy and Good Governance ..................................................................... 78 10. MACROECONOMIC POLICY AND RESEARCH .................................................................... 79 10.1. Macroeconomic Policy Convergence and Establishment of a Monetary Union and a Single Currency ................................................................................................................................................... 79 10.2. Specialised agencies in monetary policy and convergence ......................................................... 85 10.3. Research and Statistics .................................................................................................................. 86 IV. ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF ECOWAS POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES ON THE PROGRESS OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN MEMBER STATES ......... 88 1. GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF ECOWAS SECTORAL POLICIES ................................................ 88 2. PEACE, SECURITY AND GOVERNANCE.............................................................................. 101 3. FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS ......................................................................................... 103 4. INTRA-REGIONAL TRADE .................................................................................................. 105 4.1. A relatively low level of intra-regional trade ............................................................................... 105 4.2. ….Which are explained by factors of a different nature ............................................................
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