DOCSLIB.ORG

This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Journal of Human Evolution 60 (2011) 731e745 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Human Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhevol Morphological systematics of the kipunji (Rungwecebus kipunji) and the ontogenetic development of phylogenetically informative characters in the Papionini Christopher C. Gilbert a,b,c,*, William T. Stanley d, Link E. Olson e, Tim R.B. Davenport f, Eric J. Sargis g,h a Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA b Department of Anthropology, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA c New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA d Department of Zoology, The Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA e Department of Mammalogy, University of Alaska Museum, 907 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA f Wildlife Conservation Society, Tanzania Program, P.O. Box 922, Zanzibar, Tanzania g Department of Anthropology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208277, New Haven, CT 06520-8277, USA h Divisions of Vertebrate Zoology and Vertebrate Paleontology, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA article info abstract Article history: Since its discovery and description, the systematic position of the kipunji (Rungwecebus kipunji) has been Received 22 May 2010 a matter of debate. Although it was first placed in the mangabey genus Lophocebus, subsequent Accepted 8 January 2011 molecular studies indicated that the kipunji is most closely related to baboons (Papio). However, the kipunji does not appear to possess cranial features typical of Papio, thus necessitating the erection of Keywords: a new genus, Rungwecebus. The recovery of an M2-stage subadult male kipunji voucher specimen, in Rungwecebus addition to the original M1-stage subadult male voucher specimen, has since allowed further study. Here, Papionin we describe the craniodental morphology of the newly acquired kipunji specimen and present Cercopithecine Crania a phylogenetic analysis of Rungwecebus craniodental morphology using quantitative and qualitative Juvenile characters. We examined the skulls of 76 M1- and M2-stage subadult males representing all extant Subadult papionin genera, taking note of character states that are static throughout ontogeny. To control for Phylogeny ontogenetic changes, only those characters expressing unchanged character states between subadult and Ontogeny adult specimens were coded for Rungwecebus and entered into a larger, recently published 151-character Allometry matrix of adult male morphology. To account for allometry, the narrow allometric coding method and the general allometric coding method were applied. The resulting most parsimonious trees suggest that Rungwecebus is phylogenetically closest to Lophocebus, a result consistent with initial morphological descriptions. However, due to the large amount of missing data for Rungwecebus, there are low bootstrap support values associated with any relationships within the larger Theropithecus/Papio/Lophocebus/ Rungwecebus grouping. Taken in combination with previous molecular, phenetic, and ecological studies, the results of this study suggest that Rungwecebus is best regarded as a distinct genus closely related to Papio, Lophocebus, and Theropithecus. Adult morphological specimens are necessary to fully understand the adult kipunji morphotype, and its phylogenetic position will only be more precisely resolved with additional morphological and molecular data. Ó 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction Since its discovery and description, the kipunji’s systematic posi- tion has been a matter of some conjecture. On the basis of The kipunji (Rungwecebus kipunji) is an endemic Tanzanian morphological and behavioral observations in the field as well as papionin monkey known only from the Mt. Rungwe-Livingstone from photographs, Jones et al. (2005) first placed the kipunji in the forests in the Southern Highlands and the Ndundulu Forest in the mangabey genus Lophocebus as a new species (L. kipunji). Subse- Udzungwa Mountains (Jones et al., 2005; Davenport et al., 2006). quently, a subadult male voucher specimen with erupted M1s (FMNH 187122) was recovered from the type locality on Mt. Run- gwe in Tanzania. Morphological analysis of this specimen revealed * Corresponding author. further similarities with Lophocebus; however, molecular analyses E-mail address: [email protected] (C.C. Gilbert). on the basis of DNA obtained from this same specimen suggested 0047-2484/$ e see front matter Ó 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.01.005 Author's personal copy 732 C.C. Gilbert et al. / Journal of Human Evolution 60 (2011) 731e745 that the kipunji is not a member of Lophocebus but is instead most might display (see Davenport et al., 2006), particularly because closely related to baboons (Papio)(Davenport et al., 2006; Olson papionin cranial shape is known to change throughout ontogeny et al., 2008). These findings necessitated the erection of a new (e.g., Freedman, 1962; Leigh et al., 2003; Leigh, 2006, 2007). genus, Rungwecebus, to accommodate the kipunji (R. kipunji), Singleton et al. (2010) used 3-D geometric morphometrics and which is morphologically distinct from Papio (Jones et al., 2005; different papionin models of ontogenetic cranial development to Davenport et al., 2006). A recent, detailed 3-D geometric morpho- predict the kipunji’s adult morphology, but it is impossible to know metric study of FMNH 187122 has also documented the phenetic how accurate these estimates are in the absence of an older kipunji distinctiveness of the kipunji, not only relative to Papio, but to the specimen for direct comparison. In addition, as Singleton et al. other papionin genera as well (Singleton, 2009). (2010) pointed out, it is difficult to estimate the adult expression of Recently, a series of studies has been published regarding the some phylogenetically informative qualitative morphological char- molecular systematics and origins of the kipunji. After acters, such as the orientation of the temporal and nuchal lines. the initial molecular work by Davenport et al. (2006) and Olson The phylogenetic position of Rungwecebus is not only important et al. (2008), Zinner et al. (2009) and Burrell et al. (2009) in and of itself, but also to the broader grouping of the Rungwece- demonstrated that the mtDNA of the kipunji from Mt. Rungwe is bus/Lophocebus/Papio/Theropithecus clade within the African not only nested within Papio, but is most similar to the mtDNA of papionins. Previous morphological and molecular phylogenetic the yellow baboon (P. cynocephalus) populations adjacent to the studies have failed to resolve the relationships within the Lopho- kipunji’s known distribution in Tanzania. Both studies suggested cebus/Papio/Theropithecus grouping (Disotell et al., 1992; Disotell, that the introgression of baboon mtDNA into the kipunji genome 1994, 2000; Harris and Disotell, 1998; Harris, 2000; Tosi et al., was the result of multiple hybridization events between kipunjis 2003; Gilbert and Rossie, 2007; Gilbert et al., 2009a), and the and adjacent yellow baboon populations. However, these studies addition of Rungwecebus adds new combinations of character states offered different hypotheses regarding the origins of the kipunji. and new information about character state polarities that could Burrell et al. (2009) hypothesized that the kipunji may be the result improve our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of a relatively recent (w0.65 Ma) hybrid speciation event that within this clade. A greater understanding of phylogeny is neces- occurred between a population of Lophocebus mangabeys and sary to resolve lingering questions about morphological and yellow baboons, thereby explaining the presence of yellow baboon behavioral evolution within this clade. mtDNA in the kipunji genome. Alternatively, Zinner et al. (2009) In this paper, we describe the morphology of a recently hypothesized that the kipunji is the sister lineage to Papio and vouchered M2-stage subadult male kipunji specimen, Southern has since experienced an unknown degree of hybridization with Highlands Conservation Programme (SHCP) 2458, and compare it adjacent baboon populations. This scenario would explain why to the original M1-stage subadult voucher specimen (FMNH Zinner et al. (2009) found the kipunji nuclear genome to be distinct 187122). This additional, ontogenetically advanced specimen from Papio while observing that the mtDNA is most similar to allows for a more confident estimation of the kipunji’s adult male adjacent yellow baboon populations. morphology. We describe the specimen, and outline and summa- This
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Body Measurements for the Monkeys of Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea
    Primate Conservation 2009 (24): 99–105 Body Measurements for the Monkeys of Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea Thomas M. Butynski¹,², Yvonne A. de Jong² and Gail W. Hearn¹ ¹Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA ²Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Program, Nanyuki, Kenya Abstract: Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, has a rich (eight genera, 11 species), unique (seven endemic subspecies), and threat- ened (five species) primate fauna, but the taxonomic status of most forms is not clear. This uncertainty is a serious problem for the setting of priorities for the conservation of Bioko’s (and the region’s) primates. Some of the questions related to the taxonomic status of Bioko’s primates can be resolved through the statistical comparison of data on their body measurements with those of their counterparts on the African mainland. Data for such comparisons are, however, lacking. This note presents the first large set of body measurement data for each of the seven species of monkeys endemic to Bioko; means, ranges, standard deviations and sample sizes for seven body measurements. These 49 data sets derive from 544 fresh adult specimens (235 adult males and 309 adult females) collected by shotgun hunters for sale in the bushmeat market in Malabo. Key Words: Bioko Island, body measurements, conservation, monkeys, morphology, taxonomy Introduction gordonorum), and surprisingly few such data exist even for some of the more widespread species (for example, Allen’s Comparing external body measurements for adult indi- swamp monkey Allenopithecus nigroviridis, northern tala- viduals from different sites has long been used as a tool for poin monkey Miopithecus ogouensis, and grivet Chlorocebus describing populations, subspecies, and species of animals aethiops).
    [Show full text]
  • Controlled Animals
    Environment and Sustainable Resource Development Fish and Wildlife Policy Division Controlled Animals Wildlife Regulation, Schedule 5, Part 1-4: Controlled Animals Subject to the Wildlife Act, a person must not be in possession of a wildlife or controlled animal unless authorized by a permit to do so, the animal was lawfully acquired, was lawfully exported from a jurisdiction outside of Alberta and was lawfully imported into Alberta. NOTES: 1 Animals listed in this Schedule, as a general rule, are described in the left hand column by reference to common or descriptive names and in the right hand column by reference to scientific names. But, in the event of any conflict as to the kind of animals that are listed, a scientific name in the right hand column prevails over the corresponding common or descriptive name in the left hand column. 2 Also included in this Schedule is any animal that is the hybrid offspring resulting from the crossing, whether before or after the commencement of this Schedule, of 2 animals at least one of which is or was an animal of a kind that is a controlled animal by virtue of this Schedule. 3 This Schedule excludes all wildlife animals, and therefore if a wildlife animal would, but for this Note, be included in this Schedule, it is hereby excluded from being a controlled animal. Part 1 Mammals (Class Mammalia) 1. AMERICAN OPOSSUMS (Family Didelphidae) Virginia Opossum Didelphis virginiana 2. SHREWS (Family Soricidae) Long-tailed Shrews Genus Sorex Arboreal Brown-toothed Shrew Episoriculus macrurus North American Least Shrew Cryptotis parva Old World Water Shrews Genus Neomys Ussuri White-toothed Shrew Crocidura lasiura Greater White-toothed Shrew Crocidura russula Siberian Shrew Crocidura sibirica Piebald Shrew Diplomesodon pulchellum 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Online Appendix for “The Impact of the “World's 25 Most Endangered
    Online appendix for “The impact of the “World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates” list on scientific publications and media” Table A1. List of species included in the Top25 most endangered primate list from the list of 2000-2002 to 2010-2012 and used in the scientific publication analysis. There is the year of their first mention in the Top25 list and the consecutive mentions in the following Top25 lists. Species names are the current species names (based on IUCN) and not the name used at the time of the Top25 list release. First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Species mention mention mention mention mention mention Ateles fusciceps 2006 Ateles hybridus 2006 2008 2010 Ateles hybridus brunneus 2004 Brachyteles hypoxanthus 2000 2002 2004 Callicebus barbarabrownae 2010 Cebus flavius 2010 Cebus xanthosternos 2000 2002 2004 Cercocebus atys lunulatus 2000 2002 2004 Cercocebus galeritus galeritus 2002 Cercocebus sanjei 2000 2002 2004 Cercopithecus roloway 2002 2006 2008 2010 Cercopithecus sclateri 2000 Eulemur cinereiceps 2004 2006 2008 Eulemur flavifrons 2008 2010 Galagoides rondoensis 2006 2008 2010 Gorilla beringei graueri 2010 Gorilla beringei beringei 2000 2002 2004 Gorilla gorilla diehli 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Hapalemur aureus 2000 Hapalemur griseus alaotrensis 2000 Hoolock hoolock 2006 2008 Hylobates moloch 2000 Lagothrix flavicauda 2000 2006 2008 2010 Leontopithecus caissara 2000 2002 2004 Leontopithecus chrysopygus 2000 Leontopithecus rosalia 2000 Lepilemur sahamalazensis 2006 Lepilemur septentrionalis 2008 2010 Loris tardigradus nycticeboides
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of 100 High-Coverage Genomes from a Pedigreed Captive Baboon Colony
    Downloaded from genome.cshlp.org on September 27, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Resource Analysis of 100 high-coverage genomes from a pedigreed captive baboon colony Jacqueline A. Robinson,1 Saurabh Belsare,1 Shifra Birnbaum,2 Deborah E. Newman,2 Jeannie Chan,2 Jeremy P. Glenn,2 Betsy Ferguson,3,4 Laura A. Cox,5,6 and Jeffrey D. Wall1 1Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA; 2Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA; 3Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA; 4Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA; 5Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, USA; 6Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA Baboons (genus Papio) are broadly studied in the wild and in captivity. They are widely used as a nonhuman primate model for biomedical studies, and the Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC) at Texas Biomedical Research Institute has maintained a large captive baboon colony for more than 50 yr. Unlike other model organisms, however, the genomic resources for baboons are severely lacking. This has hindered the progress of studies using baboons as a model for basic biology or human disease. Here, we describe a data set of 100 high-coverage whole-genome sequences obtained from the mixed colony of olive (P. anubis) and yellow (P. cynocephalus) baboons housed at the SNPRC.
    [Show full text]
  • Mandrillus Leucophaeus Poensis)
    Ecology and Behavior of the Bioko Island Drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus poensis) A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University by Jacob Robert Owens in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2013 i © Copyright 2013 Jacob Robert Owens. All Rights Reserved ii Dedications To my wife, Jen. iii Acknowledgments The research presented herein was made possible by the financial support provided by Primate Conservation Inc., ExxonMobil Foundation, Mobil Equatorial Guinea, Inc., Margo Marsh Biodiversity Fund, and the Los Angeles Zoo. I would also like to express my gratitude to Dr. Teck-Kah Lim and the Drexel University Office of Graduate Studies for the Dissertation Fellowship and the invaluable time it provided me during the writing process. I thank the Government of Equatorial Guinea, the Ministry of Fisheries and the Environment, Ministry of Information, Press, and Radio, and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism for the opportunity to work and live in one of the most beautiful and unique places in the world. I am grateful to the faculty and staff of the National University of Equatorial Guinea who helped me navigate the geographic and bureaucratic landscape of Bioko Island. I would especially like to thank Jose Manuel Esara Echube, Claudio Posa Bohome, Maximilliano Fero Meñe, Eusebio Ondo Nguema, and Mariano Obama Bibang. The journey to my Ph.D. has been considerably more taxing than I expected, and I would not have been able to complete it without the assistance of an expansive list of people. I would like to thank all of you who have helped me through this process, many of whom I lack the space to do so specifically here.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sex Lives of Female Olive Baboons (Papio Anubis)
    Competition, coercion, and choice: The sex lives of female olive baboons (Papio anubis) DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Jessica Terese Walz Graduate Program in Anthropology The Ohio State University 2016 Dissertation Committee: Dawn M. Kitchen, Chair Douglas E. Crews W. Scott McGraw Copyrighted by Jessica Walz 2016 Abstract Since Darwin first described his theory of sexual selection, evolutionary biologists have used this framework to understand the potential for morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits to evolve within each sex. Recently, researchers have revealed important nuances in effects of sexual coercion, intersexual conflict, and sex role reversals. Among our closest relatives living in complex societies in which individuals interact outside of just the context of mating, the sexual and social lives of individuals are tightly intertwined. An important challenge to biological anthropologists is demonstrating whether female opportunities for mate choice are overridden by male- male competitive and male-female coercive strategies that dominate multi-male, multi- female societies. In this dissertation, I explore interactions between these various mechanisms of competition, coercion, and choice acting on the lives of female olive baboons to determine how they may influence expression of female behavioral and vocal signals, copulatory success with specific males, and the role of female competition in influencing mating patterns. I found females solicit specific males around the time of ovulation. Although what makes some males more preferred is less clear, there is evidence females choose males who might be better future protectors – males who will have long group tenures and are currently ascending the hierarchy.
    [Show full text]
  • ANTH 42 Lect 15 Quiz Clock
    Quiz clock! Minutes remaining:! ONE! ANTH 42" 30 sec …! Lect 15" 5! 4! Guenons, SIV, 3! conservation, and 2! macaques & baboons (yes, we’re behind)! A fast overview of HIV/SIV! SIV --> HIV: Viral clades “cut hunter”! correlated with primate clades. Note colobus (top) and talapoin (upper right); rest guenons.! If natural process, why never in millennia, then >10 times in <50 years? But not Emerging viruses: So requires “why now” perfectly. adaptive radiation term; multiple theories, Mandrill! into new hosts (us). check my publications SARS, Ebola?, page if interested.! HIV…! The bushmeat trade/crisis! Wildlife (including apes) is traditionally eaten in Central Africa. Killing and butchery creates ample potential for blood-blood contact.! Traditional use! Globalization! The bushmeat trade/crisis! GI parasites at Kibale - less dramatic but ubiquitous! New & Significant # Taï recombinant chimpanzees died viruses... ?! of respiratory illness acquired from researchers.! The crisis: commercialization. ! Primate conservation and primatology as global health issue! Macaques & baboons! Macaques & baboons! Macaques (esp. rhesus) are “the Baboons (esp. monkey” in olive) are “the biomedical work.! monkey” to early behavioral studies (recall DeVore & aggressive baboons, Jay and peaceful langurs)! Macaques! Macaques! Commensal monkeys! Toque macaques (M. sinica), olive baboons (P. anubis), gelada (T. gelada). Good presentation of coping with ecological and social complexity.! Life of Mammals: Social Climbers! 18m! Hamadryas (Papio hamadryas)! Only Asian baboon; hybrid zone with P. anubis - herding behavior by males.! Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx)! The baboons (Africa)! Gelada (Theropithecus gelada) (last survivor of Theropithecus, used to be widespread, # species, & some big)! Just about everyplace, Pay attention to how baboon life is presented a baboon…! from “Murder in the Troop”! (cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Intellectualism and Interesting Facts on Baboons (Papio Anubis Les.; Family: Cercopithecidae) (The Olive Baboons) in Yankari Game Reserve, Bauchi, Nigeria
    International Journal of Research Studies in Zoology (IJRSZ) Volume 3, Issue 2, 2017, PP 51-55 ISSN 2454-941X http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2454-941X.0302004 www.arcjournals.org Intellectualism and Interesting Facts on Baboons (Papio anubis Les.; Family: Cercopithecidae) (the olive baboons) in Yankari Game Reserve, Bauchi, Nigeria Ukwubile Cletus Anes Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Biology Unit, School of Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Nigeria. Abstract: Baboons are the type of monkey that are found in African forests and the Arabians. There are five species of baboons worldwide which are distributed in different habitats such as tropical rainforests, savannas, open woodlands and semi-arid areas. A close observation made on baboons at the Yankari Game Reserve(YGR), showed that they feed on various foods which are the reason they are known as pests as well as they are scavengers on elephant's dung. Apart from poaching activity by humans, baboons at YGR are also threatened by loss of habitat due to regular predatory activity by a lion (Pathera leo) in the reserve on the baboons. Out of the five species, only one species (Papio anubis) are found in the large population at the Yankari Game Reserve. This increase in the population of the olive baboons at the YGR has become a source of concern to tourists and researchers who visit the reserve. Due to frequent visits by people to the reserve, the baboons has developed a high level of intellectualism as well as tricks to overcome the dominance by humans encroaching their habitat. Some of these behaviours are groupings, pretence, and acrobatics.
    [Show full text]
  • Colobus Guereza
    Lauck et al. Retrovirology 2013, 10:107 http://www.retrovirology.com/content/10/1/107 RESEARCH Open Access Discovery and full genome characterization of two highly divergent simian immunodeficiency viruses infecting black-and-white colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) in Kibale National Park, Uganda Michael Lauck1, William M Switzer2, Samuel D Sibley3, David Hyeroba4, Alex Tumukunde4, Geoffrey Weny4, Bill Taylor5, Anupama Shankar2, Nelson Ting6, Colin A Chapman4,7,8, Thomas C Friedrich1,3, Tony L Goldberg1,3,4 and David H O'Connor1,9* Abstract Background: African non-human primates (NHPs) are natural hosts for simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV), the zoonotic transmission of which led to the emergence of HIV-1 and HIV-2. However, our understanding of SIV diversity and evolution is limited by incomplete taxonomic and geographic sampling of NHPs, particularly in East Africa. In this study, we screened blood specimens from nine black-and-white colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza occidentalis) from Kibale National Park, Uganda, for novel SIVs using a combination of serology and “unbiased” deep-sequencing, a method that does not rely on genetic similarity to previously characterized viruses. Results: We identified two novel and divergent SIVs, tentatively named SIVkcol-1 and SIVkcol-2, and assembled genomes covering the entire coding region for each virus. SIVkcol-1 and SIVkcol-2 were detected in three and four animals, respectively, but with no animals co-infected. Phylogenetic analyses showed that SIVkcol-1 and SIVkcol-2 form a lineage with SIVcol, previously discovered in black-and-white colobus from Cameroon. Although SIVkcol-1 and SIVkcol-2 were isolated from the same host population in Uganda, SIVkcol-1 is more closely related to SIVcol than to SIVkcol-2.
    [Show full text]
  • AFRICAN PRIMATES the Journal of the Africa Section of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group
    Volume 9 2014 ISSN 1093-8966 AFRICAN PRIMATES The Journal of the Africa Section of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group Editor-in-Chief: Janette Wallis PSG Chairman: Russell A. Mittermeier PSG Deputy Chair: Anthony B. Rylands Red List Authorities: Sanjay Molur, Christoph Schwitzer, and Liz Williamson African Primates The Journal of the Africa Section of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group ISSN 1093-8966 African Primates Editorial Board IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group Janette Wallis – Editor-in-Chief Chairman: Russell A. Mittermeier Deputy Chair: Anthony B. Rylands University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK USA Simon Bearder Vice Chair, Section on Great Apes:Liz Williamson Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK Vice-Chair, Section on Small Apes: Benjamin M. Rawson R. Patrick Boundja Regional Vice-Chairs – Neotropics Wildlife Conservation Society, Congo; Univ of Mass, USA Mesoamerica: Liliana Cortés-Ortiz Thomas M. Butynski Andean Countries: Erwin Palacios and Eckhard W. Heymann Sustainability Centre Eastern Africa, Nanyuki, Kenya Brazil and the Guianas: M. Cecília M. Kierulff, Fabiano Rodrigues Phillip Cronje de Melo, and Maurício Talebi Jane Goodall Institute, Mpumalanga, South Africa Regional Vice Chairs – Africa Edem A. Eniang W. Scott McGraw, David N. M. Mbora, and Janette Wallis Biodiversity Preservation Center, Calabar, Nigeria Colin Groves Regional Vice Chairs – Madagascar Christoph Schwitzer and Jonah Ratsimbazafy Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Michael A. Huffman Regional Vice Chairs – Asia Kyoto University, Inuyama,
    [Show full text]
  • Theropithecus Gelada) on an Intact Afro-Alpine Grassland at Guassa, Ethiopia ______
    LONG-TERM RANGING PATTERNS OF WILD GELADA MONKEYS (THEROPITHECUS GELADA) ON AN INTACT AFRO-ALPINE GRASSLAND AT GUASSA, ETHIOPIA ____________________________________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, Fullerton ____________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Anthropology ____________________________________ By Cha Moua Thesis Committee Approval: Associate Professor Peter J. Fashing, Chair Associate Professor Nga Nguyen, Department of Anthropology Associate Professor Elizabeth G. Pillsworth, Department of Anthropology Fall, 2015 ABSTRACT Long-term studies of animal ranging ecology are critical to understanding how animals utilize their habitat across space and time. Although gelada monkeys (Theropithecus gelada) inhabit an unusual, high altitude habitat that presents unique ecological challenges, no long-term studies of their ranging behavior have been conducted. To close this gap, I investigated the daily path length (DPL), annual home ranges (95%), and annual core areas (50%) of a band of ~220 wild gelada monkeys at Guassa, Ethiopia, from January 2007 to December 2011 (for total of n = 785 full-day follows). I estimated annual home ranges and core area using the fixed kernel reference (FK REF) and smoothed cross-validation (FK SCV) bandwidths, and the minimum convex polygon (MCP) method. Both annual home range (MCP - 2007: 5.9 km2; 2008: 8.6 km2; 2009: 9.2 km2; 2010: 11.5 km2; 2011: 11.6 km2) and core area increased over the 5-year study period. The MCP and FK REF generated broadly consistent, though slightly larger estimates that contained areas in which the geladas were never observed. All three methods omitted one to 19 sleeping sites from the home range depending on the year.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phenetic Affinities of Rungwecebus Kipunji
    Journal of Human Evolution 56 (2009) 25–42 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Human Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhevol The phenetic affinities of Rungwecebus kipunji Michelle Singleton Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA article info abstract Article history: The kipunji, a recently discovered primate endemic to Tanzania’s Southern Highlands and Udzungwa Received 31 August 2007 Mountains, was initially referred to the mangabey genus Lophocebus (Cercopithecinae: Papionini), but Accepted 28 July 2008 subsequent molecular analyses showed it to be more closely related to Papio. Its consequent referral to a new genus, Rungwecebus, has met with skepticism among papionin researchers, who have questioned Keywords: both the robustness of the phylogenetic results and the kipunji’s morphological distinctiveness. This Rungwecebus circumstance has been exacerbated by the immaturity of the single available specimen (FMNH 187122), Lophocebus an M1-stage juvenile. Therefore, a geometric morphometric analysis of juvenile papionin cranial shape Papio Papionini was used to explore the kipunji’s phenetic affinities and evaluate morphological support for its sepa- Geometric morphometrics ration from Lophocebus. Three-dimensional craniometric landmarks and semi-landmarks were collected on a sample of 124 subadult (dp4-M2 stage) cercopithecid crania. Traditional interlandmark distances were compared and a variety of multivariate statistical shape analyses were performed for the zygo- maxillary region (diagnostic in mangabeys) and the cranium as a whole. Raw and size-adjusted inter- landmark distances show the kipunji to have a relatively taller, shorter neurocranium and broader face and cranial base than is seen in M1-stage Lophocebus.
    [Show full text]