Mythological Emblem Glyphs of Ancient Maya Kings
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With the Protection of the Gods: an Interpretation of the Protector Figure in Classic Maya Iconography
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2012 With The Protection Of The Gods: An Interpretation Of The Protector Figure In Classic Maya Iconography Tiffany M. Lindley University of Central Florida Part of the Anthropology Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Lindley, Tiffany M., "With The Protection Of The Gods: An Interpretation Of The Protector Figure In Classic Maya Iconography" (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 2148. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/2148 WITH THE PROTECTION OF THE GODS: AN INTERPRETATION OF THE PROTECTOR FIGURE IN CLASSIC MAYA ICONOGRAPHY by TIFFANY M. LINDLEY B.A. University of Alabama, 2009 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Anthropology in the College of Sciences at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2012 © 2012 Tiffany M. Lindley ii ABSTRACT Iconography encapsulates the cultural knowledge of a civilization. The ancient Maya of Mesoamerica utilized iconography to express ideological beliefs, as well as political events and histories. An ideology heavily based on the presence of an Otherworld is visible in elaborate Maya iconography. Motifs and themes can be manipulated to convey different meanings based on context. -
The Rulers of Palenque a Beginner’S Guide
The Rulers of Palenque A Beginner’s Guide By Joel Skidmore With illustrations by Merle Greene Robertson Citation: 2008 The Rulers of Palenque: A Beginner’s Guide. Third edition. Mesoweb: www. mesoweb.com/palenque/resources/rulers/PalenqueRulers-03.pdf. Publication history: The first edition of this work, in html format, was published in 2000. The second was published in 2007, when the revised edition of Martin and Grube’s Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens was still in press, and this third conforms to the final publica- tion (Martin and Grube 2008). To check for a more recent edition, see: www.mesoweb.com/palenque/resources/rulers/rulers.html. Copyright notice: All drawings by Merle Greene Robertson unless otherwise noted. Mesoweb Publications The Rulers of Palenque INTRODUCTION The unsung pioneer in the study of Palenque’s dynastic history is Heinrich Berlin, who in three seminal studies (Berlin 1959, 1965, 1968) provided the essential outline of the dynasty and explicitly identified the name glyphs and likely accession dates of the major Early and Late Classic rulers (Stuart 2005:148-149). More prominent and well deserved credit has gone to Linda Schele and Peter Mathews (1974), who summarized the rulers of Palenque’s Late Classic and gave them working names in Ch’ol Mayan (Stuart 2005:149). The present work is partly based on the transcript by Phil Wanyerka of a hieroglyphic workshop presented by Schele and Mathews at the 1993 Maya Meet- ings at Texas (Schele and Mathews 1993). Essential recourse has also been made to the insights and decipherments of David Stuart, who made his first Palenque Round Table presentation in 1978 at the age of twelve (Stuart 1979) and has recently advanced our understanding of Palenque and its rulers immeasurably (Stuart 2005). -
What Maya Collapse? Terminal Classic Variation in the Maya Lowlands
J Archaeol Res (2007) 15:329–377 DOI 10.1007/s10814-007-9015-x ORIGINAL PAPER What Maya Collapse? Terminal Classic Variation in the Maya Lowlands James J. Aimers Published online: 17 August 2007 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007 Abstract Interest in the lowland Maya collapse is stronger than ever, and there are now hundreds of studies that focus on the era from approximately A.D. 750 to A.D. 1050. In the past, scholars have tended to generalize explanations of the collapse from individual sites and regions to the lowlands as a whole. More recent approaches stress the great diversity of changes that occurred across the lowlands during the Terminal Classic and Early Postclassic periods. Thus, there is now a consensus that Maya civilization as a whole did not collapse, although many zones did experience profound change. Keywords Maya Á Collapse Á Terminal Classic–Early Postclassic Introduction ‘‘Much has been published in recent years about the collapse of Maya civilization and its causes. It might be wise to preface this chapter with a simple statement that in my belief no such thing happened’’ (Andrews IV 1973, p. 243). More than three decades after Andrews made this statement, interest in the lowland Maya collapse is more intense than ever. Of the more than 400 books, chapters, or articles of which I am aware, over half were published in the last ten years. As always, speculation about the collapse follows contemporary trends (Wilk 1985), and widespread concern over war and the physical environment have made the lowland Maya into a cautionary tale for many (Diamond 2005; Gibson 2006; J. -
Canuto-Et-Al.-2018.Pdf
RESEARCH ◥ shows field systems in the low-lying wetlands RESEARCH ARTICLE SUMMARY and terraces in the upland areas. The scale of wetland systems and their association with dense populations suggest centralized planning, ARCHAEOLOGY whereas upland terraces cluster around res- idences, implying local management. Analy- Ancient lowland Maya complexity as sis identified 362 km2 of deliberately modified ◥ agricultural terrain and ON OUR WEBSITE another 952 km2 of un- revealed by airborne laser scanning Read the full article modified uplands for at http://dx.doi. potential swidden use. of northern Guatemala org/10.1126/ Approximately 106 km science.aau0137 of causeways within and .................................................. Marcello A. Canuto*†, Francisco Estrada-Belli*†, Thomas G. Garrison*†, between sites constitute Stephen D. Houston‡, Mary Jane Acuña, Milan Kováč, Damien Marken, evidence of inter- and intracommunity con- Philippe Nondédéo, Luke Auld-Thomas‡, Cyril Castanet, David Chatelain, nectivity. In contrast, sizable defensive features Carlos R. Chiriboga, Tomáš Drápela, Tibor Lieskovský, Alexandre Tokovinine, point to societal disconnection and large-scale Antolín Velasquez, Juan C. Fernández-Díaz, Ramesh Shrestha conflict. 2 CONCLUSION: The 2144 km of lidar data Downloaded from INTRODUCTION: Lowland Maya civilization scholars has provided a unique regional perspec- acquired by the PLI alter interpretations of the flourished from 1000 BCE to 1500 CE in and tive revealing substantial ancient population as ancient Maya at a regional scale. An ancient around the Yucatan Peninsula. Known for its well as complex previously unrecognized land- population in the millions was unevenly distrib- sophistication in writing, art, architecture, as- scape modifications at a grand scale throughout uted across the central lowlands, with varying tronomy, and mathematics, this civilization is the central lowlands in the Yucatan peninsula. -
Polities and Places: Tracing the Toponyms of the Snake Dynasty
Polities and Places: Tracingthe Toponymsof the Snake Dynasty SIMON MARTIN University of Pennsylvania Museum ERIK VELÁSQUEZ GARCÍA Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México One of the more intriguing and important topics to thonous ones that had at some point transferred their emerge in Maya studies of recent years has been the his- capitals or splintered, each faction laying claim to the tory of the “Snake” dynasty. Research over the past two same title. The landscape of the Classic Maya proves decades has identified mentions of its kings across the to have been a volatile one, not simply in the dynamic length and breadth of the lowlands and produced evi- interactions and imbalances of power between polities, dence that they were potent political players for almost but in the way the polities themselves were shaped by two centuries, spanning the Early Classic to Late Classic historical forces through time. periods.1 Yet this data has implications that go beyond a single case study and can be used to address issues of general relevance to Classic Maya politics. In this brief Placing Calakmul paper we use them to further explore the meaning of The distinctive Snake emblem glyphs and their connection to polities and emblem glyph is ex- places. pressed in full as K’UH- The significance of emblem glyphs—whether they ka-KAAN-la-AJAW or are indicative of cities, deities, domains, polities, or k’uhul kaanul ajaw (Fig- dynasties—has been debated since their discovery ure 1).3 It first came to (Berlin 1958). The recognition of their role as the scholarly notice as one personal epithets of kings based on the title ajaw “lord, of the “four capitals” ruler” (Lounsbury 1973) was the essential first step to listed on Copan Stela A, comprehension (Mathews and Justeson 1984; Mathews a set of cardinally affili- Figure 1. -
Itinerary & Program
Overview Explore Belize in Central America in all of its natural beauty while embarking on incredible tropical adventures. Over nine days, this tour will explore beautiful rainforests, Mayan ruins and archeology, and islands of this tropical paradise. Some highlights include an amazing tour of the Actun Tunichil Muknal (“Cave of the Crystal Maiden”), also known at ATM cave; snorkeling the second largest barrier reef in the world, the critically endangered Mesoamerican Barrier Reef, at the tropical paradise of South Water Caye; touring Xunantunich Mayan ruin (“Sculpture of Lady”); and enjoying a boat ride on the New River to the remote Mayan village of Lamanai. Throughout this tour, we’ll have the expertise of Luis Godoy from Belize Nature Travel, a native Mayan and one of Belize’s premier licensed guides, to lead us on some amazing excursions and share in Belize’s heritage. We’ll also stay at locally owned hotels and resorts and dine at local restaurants so we can truly experience the warm and welcoming culture of Belize. UWSP Adventure Tours leaders Sue and Don Kissinger are ready to return to Belize to share the many experiences and adventures they’ve had in this beautiful country over the years. If you ask Sue if this is the perfect adventure travel opportunity for you she’ll say, “If you have an adventurous spirit, YOU BETTER BELIZE IT!” Tour Leaders Sue and Don Kissinger Sue and Don have travelled extensively throughout the United States, Canada, Central America, Africa and Europe. They met 36 years ago as UW-Stevens Point students on an international trip and just celebrated their 34th wedding anniversary. -
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The Investigation of Classic Period Maya Warfare at Caracol, Belice
The Investigation of Classic Period Maya Warfare at Caracol, Belice ARLEN F. CHASE DIANE Z. CHASE University of Central Florida Prior to the 1950s the prevalent view of the like rulers who were concerned whith preserving ancient Maya was as a peaceful people. ln 1952, their histories in hieroglyphic texts on stone and Robert Rands completed his Ph. D. thesis on the stucco; investigations at the site have thus far evidences of warfare in Classic Maya art, following uncovered some 40 carved monuments (Beetz and up on the important work just completed by Tatia- Satterthwaite 1981; A. Chase and D. Chase na Proskouriakoff (1950). Since then, research has 1987b). Caracol is unusual, however, in having rapidly accumulated substantial documentation left us written records that it successfully waged that the Maya were in fact warlike (cf. Marcus warfare against two of its neighboring polities at 1974; Repetto Tio 1985). There is now evidence different times within the early part of the Late for the existence of wars between major political Classic Period. units in the Maya area and, importantly, Maya There are two wars documented in the hiero- kingship has also been shown to be inextricably glyphic texts: Caracol defeats Tikal in 9.6.8.4.2 or joined with concepts of war, captives, and sacrifice A. D. 562 (A. Chase and D. Chase 1987a:6, (Demarest 1978; Schele and Miller 1986; Freidel 1987b:33,60; S. Houston in press) and Naranjo in 1986). Warfare also has been utilized as a power- 9.9.18.16.3 or A. D. 631 (Sosa and Reents 1980). -
Ancient Maya Territorial Organisation of Central Belize: Confluence of Archaeological and Epigraphic Data
&RQWULEXWLRQVLQ1HZ:RUOG $UFKDHRORJ\ ± ANCIENT MAYA TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION OF CENTRAL BELIZE: CONFLUENCE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND EPIGRAPHIC DATA CHRISTOPHE H ELMKE University of Copenhagen JAIME AWE ,QVWLWXWHRI$UFKDHRORJ\%HOL]H Abstract 7KHPRGHOVSURSRVHGIRUDQFLHQW0D\DWHUULWRULDORUJDQL]DWLRQLQFHQWUDO%HOL]HGLIIHUVLJQL¿FDQWO\IURPRQH UHVHDUFKHU WR DQRWKHU 'XH WR WKH UHODWLYH GHDUWK RI KLHURJO\SKLF GDWD PRVW PRGHOV KDYH EHHQ IRUPXODWHG RQ WKHEDVLVRIDUFKDHRORJLFDOGDWDDORQHDQGDUHSUHGRPLQDQWO\VLWHVSHFL¿FDVVHVVPHQWV,QYHVWLJDWLRQVLQFHQWUDO %HOL]HRYHUWKHSDVWIRXUGHFDGHVKDYHKRZHYHUEURXJKWWROLJKWVHYHUDONH\SLHFHVRIHSLJUDSKLFGDWDLQFOXGLQJ (PEOHP*O\SKV:KHQYLHZHGLQFRQMXQFWLRQWKHDUFKDHRORJLFDODQGHSLJUDSKLFGDWDSURYLGHDQHZYDQWDJHIRU GHWHUPLQLQJWKHVWUXFWXUHRIWKH&ODVVLFSHULRGVRFLRSROLWLFDOODQGVFDSHRIWKH%HOL]H9DOOH\ Resumen /RVPRGHORVSURSXHVWRVSDUDODRUJDQL]DFLyQWHUULWRULDOGHORVPD\DVGHO3HUtRGR&OiVLFRHQ%HOLFH&HQWUDO GL¿HUHQVLJQL¿FDWLYDPHQWHGHXQLQYHVWLJDGRUDRWUR'HELGRDODHVFDVH]GHGDWRVMHURJOt¿FRVODPD\RUtDGHORV PRGHORVVHKDQIRUPXODGRWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDWDQVRORGDWRVDUTXHROyJLFRV\VHFHQWUDQSUHGRPLQDQWHPHQWHVREUH FDGDVLWLRLQYHVWLJDGR/DVH[SORUDFLRQHVHQ%HOLFH&HQWUDOGHODVFXDWUR~OWLPDVGpFDGDVVLQHPEDUJRKDQVDFDGR DODOX]QXPHURVDVSLH]DVFODYHTXHDSRUWDQGDWRVHSLJUi¿FRVLQFOX\HQGR*OLIRV(PEOHPD9LVWRVHQFRQMXQWRORV GDWRVDUTXHROyJLFRV\HSLJUi¿FRVSURSRUFLRQDQXQDSRVLFLyQPiVYHQWDMRVDHQODGHWHUPLQDFLyQGHODHVWUXFWXUD del paisaje socio-político del Período Clásico del Valle de Belice. INTRODUCTION $ YDULHW\ RI PRGHOV RI DQFLHQW 0D\D WHUULWRULDO RUJDQLVDWLRQ KDYH EHHQ SURSRVHG IRU WKH %HOL]H 9DOOH\RYHUWKHSDVWIRXUGHFDGHV,QSDUWWKHTXDQWLW\RIVXFKPRGHOVFDQEHH[SODLQHGE\WKHIDFW -
Zachary Nelson
FAMSI © 2008: Zachary Nelson Satellite Survey of El Zotz, Guatemala Research Year: 2007 Culture: Maya Chronology: Pre-Classic through Terminal Classic Location: Petén, Guatemala Sites: El Zotz, El Diablo, Las Palmitas, El Palmar Table of Contents Abstract Resumen Introduction Objectives Methods and Findings El Zotz Mapping Las Palmitas El Diablo El Palmar Conclusions Acknowledgments List of Figures Sources Cited Zachary Nelson Brigham Young University [email protected] -1- Abstract IKONOS satellite imagery is not a cure-all for effective canopy penetration in Petén, Guatemala. It failed to distinguish between sites and natural features at El Zotz, Guatemala. Various types of data manipulation failed to provide sufficient penetrating power. This suggests that micro-environmental factors may be at work, and a pan- Petén process is still in the future. Ground survey of the El Zotz region included mapping at subsidiary sites. Las Palmitas (North Group) has a pyramid with a standing room complete with ancient and modern graffiti. El Diablo (West Group) was mapped. El Palmar, near a cival or residual lake, is configured in an “E-Group” pattern similar to astronomical features identified at Uaxactún. Resumen Las imágenes de satélite de tipo IKONOS todavía no sirven en todo el Petén para penetrar la selva. En El Zotz, las imágenes no pudieron distinguir entre edificios y selva aun con manipulación digital. Eso quiere decir que éxito puede ser un resultado de factores micro-ambiental y todavía no hemos logrado un sistema que siempre funciona. Mapeo de pie en la región alrededor de El Zotz incluyó elaboración de mapas de sitios pequeños. -
El Material De Molienda De Chinkultic, Chiapas
65 EL MATERIAL DE MOLIENDA DE CHINKULTIC, CHIAPAS María Elena Ruiz Aguilar Keywords: Arqueología Maya, Chiapas, Chinkultic, lítica, piedra de moler, mano de moler, hachuela, pulidor, aspectos clasificatorios En el presente trabajo se da a conocer en forma general el material de molienda y sus derivados, procedente del Proyecto Arqueológico Chinkultic. El estudio forma parte de una investigación mayor, en la que se incluyen otras colecciones de molienda que corresponden a la región, con el objeto de elaborar una clasificación tipológica de los Altos Orientales de Chiapas. Esta región comprende fundamentalmente los valles de Comitán, La Trinitaria y la zona lacustre de Montebello (Navarrete 1975:11). Chinkultic, se localiza en los límites del Parque Nacional de Montebello, a 33 km de la carretera que va de Comitán a dicho centro turístico, en el municipio de La Trinitaria (Figura 1). Los artefactos analizados corresponden a diferentes temporadas de campo (1976 a 2002), y provienen del escombro de 11 estructuras, cuya ubicación se encuentra distribuida en tres conjuntos de la siguiente manera: • E-1 y E-4 en el Conjunto A, donde se asienta la parte alta del grupo. • E-13, E-14, E-16, E-17, E-19 y E-20 en el Conjunto B, que se sitúa en la parte baja y plana, ocupando la porción central, del otro lado del río Yubnaranjo. • Finalmente E-22 (Juego de Pelota), E-23, E-27 y el rancho El Rincón en el Conjunto C, en el extremo suroeste del sitio respectivamente (Figura 2). • El material del rancho El Rincón y de La Bolsa se tomó en cuenta a partir de una muestra de superficie conservada actualmente por sus propietarios. -
By ROBERT L. RANDS
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Bureau of American Ethnology BuUetin 157 Anthropological Papers, No. 48 Some ManifestatioDs of Water in Mesoamerican Art By ROBERT L. RANDS 265 1 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 27 The better established occurrences of water 273 Types of associations 273 The Maya codices 277 The Mexican codices 280 Aztec and Teotihuacdn murals, sculptures, and ceramics 285 Summary 291 The proposed identifications of water 292 Artistic approach to the identifications 292 Non-Maya murals, sculptures, and ceramics 293 Maya murals, sculptures, and ceramics 298 General considerations 298 Highest probability (A) 302 Probability B : paraphernalia and secondary associations 315 Probability B : fang, tongue, or water (?) 320 Artistic typology and miscellany 322 Water and the water lily 330 Conclusions 333 Appendix A. Nonartistic data and current reconstructions 342 Direct water associations : physiological data 342 Water from container 344 Water from mouth 348 Water from eye 348 Water from breast 350 Water from between legs 350 Water from body (pores ?) 350 Water from hand 352 Water from other object held in hand 354 Waterlike design from head 355 Glyph in water 365 Object in water 359 Tlaloc 359 Anthropomorphic Long-nosed God 359 Female water deity 369 Black god (M, B) 360 Miscellaneous anthropomorphic figures 360 Frog 360 Serpent 361 Jaguar (ocelot) 361 Bird 363 Miscellaneous animal 363 Serpentine-saurian monster 364 Detached rear head of monster 364 Other grotesque head, face 365 267 268 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 157 Appendix A. Nonartistic data and current reconstructions—Con. page Death, misfortune, destruction _. 365 Water descending on surface water 365 Water descending on figure 366 The bending-over rainmaker 366 The sky monster and its affiliates 366 Balanced water and vegetation 367 Summary 367 Appendix B.