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Update of the Digital Global Map of Irrigation Areas to Version 5 Update of the Digital Global Map of Irrigation Areas to Version 5 DOCUMENTATION Stefan Siebert • Verena Henrich • Karen Frenken • Jacob Burke Update of the Digital Global Map of Irrigation Areas (GMIA) to Version 5 by Stefan Siebert, Verena Henrich Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) University of Bonn, Germany and Karen Frenken, Jacob Burke Land and Water Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany October 2013 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Chief, Publishing and Multimedia Service, Information Division, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to [email protected] © FAO 2013 Contents 1 Summary ............................................................................................................ 5 2 Project history ................................................................................................... 6 3 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 7 4 Data and methods ............................................................................................. 8 4.1 Mapping of area equipped for irrigation................................................... 8 4.2 Mapping of area actually irrigated and of areas equipped for irrigation with groundwater, surface water or water from non-conventional sources.... 9 4.3 Assessment of map quality..................................................................... 10 5 Results ............................................................................................................. 13 6 Discussion ....................................................................................................... 16 6.1 Consistency of irrigation statistics......................................................... 16 6.2 Reference year of the irrigation statistics.............................................. 16 6.3 Map quality ............................................................................................... 16 Appendix A Detailed description of data sources, assumptions and results per continent and country............................................................................................ 19 Appendix B Additional tables with country specific data................................167 4 Update of the Digital Global Map of Irrigation Areas to Version 5 - Summary 1 Summary The Land and Water Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany, are cooperating in the development of a global irrigation-mapping facility. This report describes the update of the Digital Global Map of Irrigation Areas to version 5. For this update, the inventory of subnational irrigation statistics was updated with new information derived from national census surveys or irrigation sector studies. For the first time, the global map of irrigation areas also contains data layers on the percentage of area equipped for irrigation that is actually used for irrigation and on the source of irrigation water (groundwater, surface water, water from non-conventional sources). The number of subnational units in the global inventory increased to 36 090 for area equipped for irrigation, 10 316 for area actually irrigated and 14 483 for the statistics on the water source for irrigation. The reference years for the statistics differ between countries and variables but in most cases the data refer to period 2000 - 2008. Total area equipped for irrigation at the global scale in version 5 of this data set is 307.6 million ha of which 255.2 million ha (83 percent) were actually irrigated. 116.2 million ha (38 percent of the total area equipped for irrigation) were equipped for irrigation with groundwater, 191.2 million ha (62 percent) for irrigation with surface water and 0.3 million ha (0.1 percent) for irrigation with non- conventional water sources. In order to distribute the statistics on area equipped for irrigation per subnational unit, digital spatial data layers and printed maps were used. Irrigation maps were derived from project reports, irrigation subsector studies, and books related to irrigation and drainage. These maps were digitized and compared with satellite images of many regions. In areas without spatial information on irrigated areas, additional information was used to locate areas where irrigation is likely, such as land-cover and land-use maps that indicate agricultural areas or areas with crops that are usually grown under irrigation. In contrast, percentage of area actually irrigated and of area equipped for irrigation with groundwater, surface water or with water from non-conventional sources was kept constant in most cases for all grid cells belonging to the same subnational statistical unit because the information on the spatial distribution of these areas was very limited. Consequently, map quality differs a lot between the data layers. In the data layer on area equipped for irrigation, 93 percent of the total irrigated area was assigned to regions with excellent, very good or good map quality; the corresponding shares were 43 percent for area actually irrigated and 42 percent for the data layer on the water source of irrigation. 5 Update of the Digital Global Map of Irrigation Areas to Version 5 – Project history 2 Project history Brief history of the Digital Global Map of Irrigation Areas 1999 Version 1 Digital Global Map of Irrigated Areas Version 1 published (resolution: 0.5 ° × 0.5 °). Döll, P. & Siebert, S. 1999. A digital global map of irrigated areas. Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Germany; Döll, P. & Siebert, S. 2000. A digital global map of irrigated areas. ICID journal 49, 55-66. 2001 Version 2 Cooperation was established between the project team of the Global Map of Irrigated Areas and the FAO Aquastat programme. As a result of this cooperation, the map-generation methodology was improved and an update of the continents of Latin America and Europe was made. The global grid resolution was increased to a grid of 5 arc-minutes and the map was made available to the general public as Version 2. Siebert, S. & Döll, P. 2001. A digital global map of irrigated areas - an update for Latin America and Europe. Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Germany. 2002 Version 2.1 Update of Africa and Oceania using the improved map-generation methodology described in Siebert & Döll (2001). Siebert, S., Döll, P. & Hoogeveen, J. 2002. A digital global map of irrigated areas - an update for Africa and Oceania. Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Germany and FAO, Rome, Italy. 2005 Version 2.2 Update of the continent of Asia using the map-generation methodology described in Siebert & Döll (2001). Siebert, S., Feick, S. & Hoogeveen, J. 2005. A digital global map of irrigated areas - an update for Asia. Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany and FAO, Rome, Italy. 2005 Version 3 Update of the map for North America, assessment of the map quality of map version 3 based on two indicators of map quality. Siebert, S., Döll, P., Hoogeveen, J., Faurès, J-M., Frenken, K. & Feick, S. 2005. Development and validation of the global map of irrigation areas. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 9, 535-547. DOI:10.5194/hess-9-535-2005 2006 Version 4 Update of the map for the continents of Africa and Europe and for parts of Latin America using the methodology described in Siebert et al. (2005). Siebert, S., Hoogeveen, J. & Frenken, K. 2006. Irrigation in Africa, Europe and Latin America - Update of the Digital Global Map of Irrigation Areas to Version 4. Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany and FAO, Rome, Italy. 2010 Development of an inventory on area actually irrigated and water sources used for irrigation. Siebert, S., Burke, J., Faurès, J-M., Frenken, K., Hoogeveen, J., Döll, P. & Portmann, F.T. 2010. Groundwater use for irrigation – a global inventory. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, 1863-1880. DOI:10.5194/hess-14-1863- 2010 2013 Version 5 Development of map version 5 containing layers for area equipped for irrigation, area actually irrigated and water sources used for irrigation. Siebert, S., Henrich, V., Frenken, K. & Burke, J. 2013. Update of the digital global map of irrigation areas to version 5. Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms- Universität, Bonn, Germany and FAO, Rome, Italy, (this document). The complete documentation of the Digital Global Map of Irrigation Areas is always
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