Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006-07 [FR200]
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Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006-07 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006- 07 National Institute of Population Studies Islamabad, Pakistan Macro International Inc. Calverton, Maryland USA June 2008 NIPS This report summarizes the findings of the 2006-07 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) carried out by the National Institute of Population Studies. The Government of Pakistan provided financial assistance in terms of in-kind contribution of government staff time, office space, and logistical support. Macro International provided financial and technical assistance for the survey through the MEASURE DHS programme, which is funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and is designed to assist developing countries to collect data on fertility, family planning, and maternal and child health. Additional support for the PDHS was received from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)/Pakistan and from UNICEF/Pakistan. The opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the donor organisations. Additional information about the survey may be obtained from the National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS), Block 12-A, Capital Inn Building, G-8 Markaz, P.O. Box 2197, Islamabad, Pakistan (Telephone: 92-51-926-0102 or 926-0380; Fax: 92-51-926-0071; Internet:: www.nips.org.pk) Information about the DHS programme may be obtained from MEASURE DHS, Macro International Inc., 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705, U.S.A. (Telephone: 1-301-572-0200; Fax: 1-301-572-0999; E-mail: [email protected]; Internet: measuredhs.com). Suggested citation: National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS) [Pakistan], and Macro International Inc. 2008. Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006-07. Islamabad, Pakistan: National Institute of Population Studies and Macro International Inc. CONTENTS Page TABLES AND FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... xv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................................................... xvii SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ................................................................................................... xix MAP OF PAKISTAN ............................................................................................................. xxvi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Shahid Munir and Khalid Mehmood 1.1 Geography, Climate, and History .................................................................... 1 1.2 Economy and Population ................................................................................ 2 1.3 Organization and Implementation of the 2006-07 PDHS ................................ 3 1.3.1 Objectives of the Survey ................................................................... 3 1.3.2 Institutional Framework .................................................................... 4 1.3.3 Sample Design .................................................................................. 4 1.3.4 Questionnaires ................................................................................. 5 1.3.5 Training of Field Staff ........................................................................ 7 1.3.6 Field Supervision and Monitoring...................................................... 7 1.3.7 Fieldwork and Data Processing ......................................................... 8 1.3.8 Field Problems .................................................................................. 8 1.4 Response Rates ............................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 2 HOUSEHOLD POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS Aysha Sheraz and Zafar Zahir 2.1 Household Population by Age and Sex .......................................................... 11 2.2 Household Composition ............................................................................... 14 2.3 Education of the Household Population ........................................................ 16 2.3.1 Educational Attainment of Household Population ........................... 16 2.3.2 School Attendance Ratios ............................................................... 18 2.4 Housing Characteristics ................................................................................. 21 2.5 Household Possessions .................................................................................. 24 2.6 Socioeconomic Status Index .......................................................................... 25 2.7 Availability of Services in Rural Areas ............................................................. 26 2.8 Registration with the National Database and Registration Authority ............... 27 CHAPTER 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS Zahir Hussain and Zafar Iqbal Qamar 3.1 Characteristics of Survey Respondents ........................................................... 29 3.2 Educational Attainment and Literacy ............................................................. 30 3.3 Employment ................................................................................................. 33 3.3.1 Employment Status ......................................................................... 33 Contents | iii 3.3.2 Occupation .................................................................................... 36 3.3.3 Type of Earnings ............................................................................. 37 3.3.4 Employment before and after Marriage ........................................... 37 3.4 Knowledge and Attitudes Concerning Tuberculosis ....................................... 39 CHAPTER 4 FERTILITY Syed Mubashir Ali and Ali Anwar Buriro 4.1 Current Fertility ............................................................................................. 41 4.2 Fertility Trends .............................................................................................. 44 4.3 Children Ever Born and Children Surviving ................................................... 46 4.4 Birth Intervals ................................................................................................ 48 4.5 Age at First Birth ............................................................................................ 49 4.6 Teenage Fertility............................................................................................ 51 CHAPTER 5 FAMILY PLANNING Iqbal Ahmad and Mumtaz Eskar 5.1 Knowledge of Contraceptive Methods ........................................................... 53 5.2 Ever Use of Family Planning Methods ............................................................ 55 5.3 Current Use of Contraceptive Methods ......................................................... 56 5.4 Differentials in Contraceptive Use by Background Characteristics .................. 58 5.5 Use of Social Marketing Contraceptive Brands .............................................. 60 5.6 Timing of Sterilization ................................................................................... 61 5.7 Source of Contraception ............................................................................... 62 5.8 Cost of Contraceptive Methods ..................................................................... 63 5.9 Informed Choice ........................................................................................... 64 5.10 Future Use of Contraception ......................................................................... 65 5.11 Reasons for Not Intending to Use .................................................................. 65 5.12 Exposure to Family Planning Messages .......................................................... 66 5.13 Contact of Nonusers with Family Planning Providers ..................................... 68 CHAPTER 6 OTHER DETERMINANTS OF FERTILITY Mehboob Sultan and Mubashir Baqai 6.1 Marital Status ................................................................................................ 69 6.2 Polygyny ....................................................................................................... 70 6.3 Consanguinity ............................................................................................... 70 6.4 Age at First Marriage ..................................................................................... 72 6.5 Postpartum Amenorrhoea, Abstinence, and Insusceptibility ........................... 73 CHAPTER 7 FERTILITY PREFERENCES Syed Mubashir Ali and Faateh ud din Ahmad 7.1 Desire for More Children .............................................................................. 77 7.2 Need for Family Planning .............................................................................. 81 7.3 Ideal Number of Children ............................................................................. 83 7.4 Wanted and Unwanted Fertility .................................................................... 86 iv Contents CHAPTER 8 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Anne Cross, Farrukh Raza, and Zafar Zahir 8.1 Data Quality ................................................................................................. 89 8.2 Levels and Trends in Infant and Child Mortality ............................................. 90 8.3 Socioeconomic Differentials in Infant and