India’s Princely States This book reassesses the place of the Indian princely states within the history of South Asia and weaves together hitherto uncharted areas. It employs a multi-disciplinary approach and critiques some of the received paradigms of conventional historiography about Princely India, leading the reader into new realms of discussion such as literary constructions, aspects of political economy and legitimacy, military collaborations, gender issues, peasant movements, health policies and the mechanisms for controlling and integrating the states. The contributors focus on a range of states in different regions and base their analyses on hitherto unused or underused archival sources. The collection will appeal to scholars of South Asia and students of transnational histories, cultural and racial studies, international politics, economic history and social history of health and medicine. Waltraud Ernst is Professor in the History of Medicine at Oxford Brookes University, UK. She has published widely on the history of mental illness in South Asia. Her publications include Mad Tales from the Raj (1991); Race, Science and Medicine (co-edited with B.J. Harris, 1999); Plural Medicine, Tradition and Modernity (ed., 2002) and The Normal and the Abnormal (ed., 2006). She is currently completing a book on ‘Mental Illness and Colonialism’ and is engaged in a collaborative research project on ‘Colonial Medicine and Indigenous Health Practices in Southern and Eastern Princely States of India, c.1880–1960’. Biswamoy Pati is Reader in the Department of History, Sri Venkateswara College, Delhi University, India. His research interests focus on colonial Indian social history. He is the author of Identity, Hegemony, Resistance: Towards a Social History of Conversions in Orissa, 1800–2000 (2003); Situating Social History: Orissa, 1800–1997 (2001); and Resisting Domination: Peasants, Tribals and the National Movement in Orissa, 1920–1950 (1993). He has co-edited Health, Medicine and Empire: Perspectives on Colonial India (with Mark Harrison, 2001; 2006). He has also edited The 1857 Rebellion: Debates in Indian History and Society (2007). Waltra-FM.indd i 8/12/2007 5:32:04 PM Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia 1 The Police in Occupation 8 Religion and Nationalism Japan in India Control, corruption and The case of the Punjab resistance to reform Harnik Deol Christopher Aldous 9 Japanese Industrialisation 2 Chinese Workers Historical and cultural A new history perspectives Jackie Sheehan Ian Inkster 3 The Aftermath of Partition in 10 War and Nationalism in China South Asia 1925–1945 Tai Yong Tan and Gyanesh Hans J. van de Ven Kudaisya 4 The Australia–Japan Political 11 Hong Kong in Transition Alignment One country, two 1952 to the present systems Alan Rix Edited by Robert Ash, Peter Ferdinand, Brian Hook and 5 Japan and Singapore in the Robin Porter World Economy Japan’s economic advance 12 Japan’s Postwar into Singapore, 1870–1965 Economic Recovery and Shimizu Hiroshi and Anglo-Japanese Relations, Hirakawa Hitoshi 1948–1962 Noriko Yokoi 6 The Triads as Business Yiu Kong Chu 13 Japanese Army Stragglers and Memories of the 7 Contemporary Taiwanese War in Japan, Cultural Nationalism 1950–1975 A-chin Hsiau Beatrice Trefalt Waltra-FM.indd ii 8/12/2007 5:32:05 PM 14 Ending the Vietnam War 23 Russian Views of Japan, The Vietnamese communists’ 1792–1913 perspective An anthology of travel Ang Cheng Guan writing David N. Wells 15 The Development of the Japanese Nursing Profession 24 The Internment of Western Adopting and adapting Civilians under the Japanese, Western influences 1941–1945 Aya Takahashi A patchwork of internment Bernice Archer 16 Women’s Suffrage in Asia Gender nationalism and 25 The British Empire and Tibet democracy 1900–1922 Louise Edwards and Mina Wendy Palace Roces 26 Nationalism in Southeast 17 The Anglo-Japanese Alliance, Asia 1902–1922 If the people are with us Phillips Payson O’Brien Nicholas Tarling 18 The United States and 27 Women, Work and the Japanese Cambodia, 1870–1969 Economic Miracle From curiosity to The case of the cotton textile confrontation industry, 1945–1975 Kenton Clymer Helen Macnaughtan 19 Capitalist Restructuring and the 28 A Colonial Economy in Crisis Pacific Rim Burma’s rice cultivators and Ravi Arvind Palat the world depression of the 1930s 20 The United States and Ian Brown Cambodia, 1969–2000 A troubled relationship 29 A Vietnamese Royal Exile in Kenton Clymer Japan Prince Cuong De (1882–1951) 21 British Business in Post-Colonial Tran My-Van Malaysia, 1957–70 Neo-colonialism or 30 Corruption and Good disengagement? Governance in Asia Nicholas J. White Nicholas Tarling 22 The Rise and Decline of Thai 31 US–China Cold War Absolutism Collaboration, 1971–1989 Kullada Kesboonchoo Mead S. Mahmud Ali Waltra-FM.indd iii 8/12/2007 5:32:05 PM 32 Rural Economic Development 38 Japanese-American Civilian in Japan Prisoner Exchanges and From the nineteenth century to Detention Camps, 1941–45 the Pacific War Bruce Elleman Penelope Francks 39 Regionalism in Southeast Asia 33 Colonial Armies in Southeast To foster the political will Asia Nicholas Tarling Edited by Karl Hack and Tobias Rettig 40 Changing Visions of East Asia, 1943–93 34 Intra Asian Trade and the World Transformations and continuities Market R.B. Smith (Edited by A.J.H. Latham and Heita Chad J. Mitcham) Kawakatsu 41 Christian Heretics in Late 35 Japanese-German Relations, Imperial China 1895–1945 Christian inculturation and War, diplomacy and public state control, 1720–1850 opinion Lars P. Laamann Edited by Christian W. Spang and Rolf-Harald Wippich 42 Beijing – A Concise History Stephen G. Haw 36 Britain’s Imperial Cornerstone in China 43 The Impact of the The Chinese maritime Russo-Japanese War customs service, Edited by Rotem Kowner 1854–1949 Donna Brunero 44 Business–Government Relations in Prewar Japan 37 Colonial Cambodia’s ‘Bad Peter von Staden Frenchmen’ The rise of French rule and 45 India’s Princely States the life of Thomas Caraman, People, princes and colonialism 1840–1887 Edited by Waltraud Ernst and Gregor Muller Biswamoy Pati Waltra-FM.indd iv 8/12/2007 5:32:05 PM India’s Princely States People, princes and colonialism Edited by Waltraud Ernst and Biswamoy Pati Waltra-FM.indd v 8/12/2007 5:32:05 PM First published 2007 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2007. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2007 editorial selection and matter, Waltraud Ernst and Biswamoy Pati; individual chapters, the contributors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN 0-203-93380-X Master e-book ISBN ISBN10: 0–415–41541–1 (hbk) ISBN10: 0–203–93380–X (ebk) ISBN13: 978–0–415–41541–5 (hbk) ISBN13: 978–0–203–93380–0 (ebk) Waltra-FM.indd vi 8/12/2007 5:32:05 PM Contents Notes on contributors ix Acknowledgements xiii 1 People, princes and colonialism 1 WALTRAUD ERNST AND BISWAMOY PATI 2 Colonial and postcolonial historiography and the princely states: relations of power and rituals of legitimation 15 HIRA SINGH 3 ‘Cruel, Oriental despots’: representations in nineteenth-century British colonial fiction, 1858–1900 30 INDRANI SEN 4 Narcotrafficking, princely ingenuity and the Raj: the subjugation of the Sindia state, c.1843–44 49 AMAR FAROOQUI 5 The agrarian system of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir: a study of colonial settlement policies, 1860–1905 68 SHAKTI KAK 6 The order of legitimacy: princely Orissa, 1850–1947 85 BISWAMOY PATI 7 Loyal feudatories or depraved despots? The deposition of princes in the Central India Agency, c.1880–1947 99 FIONA GROEN HOU T Waltra-FM.indd vii 8/12/2007 5:32:05 PM viii Contents 8 ‘Hostages in our camp’: military collaboration between princely India and the British Raj, c.1880–1920 118 SAMIKSHA SEHRAWAT 9 Historicizing debates over women’s status in Islam: the case of Nawab Sultan Jahan Begam of Bhopal 139 SIOBHAN LAMBERT-HURLEY 10 The Maharana and the Bhils: the ‘Eki’ movement in Mewar, 1921–22 157 HARI SEN 11 Women’s hospitals and midwives in Mysore, 1870–1920: princely or colonial medicine 173 BARBARA N. RAMUSACK 12 Public health administration in princely Mysore: tackling the influenza pandemic of 1918 194 T.V. SEKHER 13 Border incidents, internal disorder and the nizam’s claim for an independent Hyderabad 212 MANJIRI N. KAMAT Index 225 Waltra-FM.indd viii 8/12/2007 5:32:05 PM Contributors Waltraud Ernst is Professor in the History of Medicine at Oxford Brookes University, UK. She has published widely on the history of mental illness in South Asia. Her publications include Mad Tales from the Raj (1991); Race, Science and Medicine (co-edited with B.J. Harris, 1999); Plural Medicine, Tradition and Modernity (ed., 2002) and The Normal and the Abnormal (ed., 2006). She is currently completing a book on ‘Mental Illness and Colonialism’ and engaged in a collaborative research project on ‘Colonial Medicine and Indigenous Health Practices in Southern and Eastern Princely States of India, c.1880–1960’.