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Recycling Concrete Pavements EB043P

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Recycling Concrete Pavements EB043P ENGINEERING BULLETIN EB043P Recycling Concrete Pavements Recycling Concrete Pavements This publication is intended SOLELY for use by PROFESSIONAL PERSONNEL who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of the information provided herein, and who will accept total responsibility for the application of this information. The American Concrete Pavement Asso- ciation DISCLAIMS any and all RESPONSIBILITY and LIABILITY for the accuracy of and the application of the information contained in this publication to the full extent permitted by law. PAVEMENT ASSOCIATION AMERICAN CONCRETE American Concrete Pavement Association 5420 Old Orchard Rd., Suite A100 Skokie, IL 60077-1059 www.pavement.com AMERICAN CONCRETE EB043P EB043P AMERICAN CONCRETE PAVEMENT ASSOCIATION PAVEMENT ASSOCIATION Recycling Concrete Pavements American Concrete Pavement Association 5420 Old Orchard Rd., Suite A100 Skokie, IL 60077-1059 (847) 966-ACPA www.pavement.com ACPA is the premier national association representing concrete pavement contractors, cement companies, equipment and materials manufacturers and suppliers. We are organized to address common needs, solve other problems, and accomplish goals related to research, promotion, and advancing best practices for design and construction of concrete pavements. Recycling Concrete Pavements Keywords: AASHTO, ASTM, aggregate, alkali-aggregate reactivity (AAR), alkali-carbonate reactivity (ACR), alkali-silica reactivity (ASR), asphalt-treated subbase (ATB), base, beneficiation, carbonation, cement-treated subbase (CTB), cement-stabilized, coarse aggregate, cone crusher, crushed, daylighted, dense-graded, drainable, econocrete, edge drainage, fine aggregate, free-draining , gap-graded, geosynthetic, gradation, grading, granular, gravel, greenhouse gas, horizontal shaft impact crusher, impact crusher , jaw crusher, lean concrete subbase (LCB), materials-related, natural, open-graded, permeable, proportioning, recycled concrete aggre- gate (RCA), recycling, sieve, stabilized, subbase, sulfate resistance, sustainable, sustainability , unstabilized, vertical shaft impact crusher, virgin aggregate, well-graded, workability, yield. Abstract: This engineering bulletin provides background information on recycling concrete pavements into recycled concrete aggre- gate (RCA) for use in bases, subbases, new concrete mixtures, granular fill, etc. It details the economic and environmental (su stain- able) reasons to recycle concrete pavements, the methods and steps of producing RCA, the properties and characteristics of RCA, the various uses of RCA, the properties of concrete containing RCA, and the performance of concrete pavements constructed using RCA. Recommendations and guidelines for using RCA in various applications also are provided. Acronyms Commonly Used in this Bulletin: AAR alkali-aggregate reactivity CTB cement-treated subbase AASHTO American Association of State Highway and CTE coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction Transportation Officials DOT Department of Transportation ACI American Concrete Institute EPA Environmental Protection Agency ACPA American Concrete Pavement Association FHWA Federal Highway Administration ACR alkali-carbonate reactivity GHG greenhouse gas ASR alkali-silica reactivity JPCP jointed plain concrete pavement ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials JRCP jointed reinforced concrete pavement ATB asphalt-treated subbase LCB lean concrete subbase AVA air void analyzer NaCl sodium chloride (e.g., salt) Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide RCA recycled concrete aggregate CO2 carbon dioxide w/cm water-cementitious materials ratio CRCP continuously reinforced concrete pavement © 2009 American Concrete Pavement Association This publication is intended SOLELY for use by PROFES- All rights reserved. No part of this book may be SIONAL PERSONNEL who are competent to evaluate the reproduced in any form without permission in significance and limitations of the information provided writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer herein, and who will accept total responsibility for the appli- who wishes to quote brief passages in a review cation of this information. The American Concrete Pavement written for inclusion in a magazine or newspaper . Association DISCLAIMS any and all RESPONSIBILITY and ISBN 978-0-9800251-1-8 LIABILITY for the accuracy of and the application of the information contained in this publication to the full extent permitted by law. EB043P ii Table of Contents Executive Summary. ix Executive Overview . xi Chapter 1. Introduction . 1 What is Concrete Recycling? . 1 Why Concrete Pavement Recycling? . 1 Economics of Concrete Pavement Recycling . 2 Sustainability Issues. 2 Conservation of Virgin Aggregate Resources. 2 Landfill Reduction . 3 Energy Savings . 3 Reduced Emission of Greenhouse Gasses (GHGs) and Other Pollutants . 3 Carbon Sequestration Through RCA Carbonation . 3 Pavement Performance Improvements . 4 Foundation Stability. 4 Concrete Strength . 4 Recycled Concrete Pavements: A Proven Technology. 4 Chapter 2. Production of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) . 7 Evaluation of Source Concrete . 7 Pavement Preparation. 7 Pavement Breaking and Removal. 8 Removal of Embedded Steel. 11 Crushing and Sizing . 12 Beneficiation . 13 Stockpiling . 14 In-Place Concrete Recycling . 14 iii Recycling Concrete Pavements Recycling of Returned Ready Mixed Concrete. 15 Chapter 3. Properties and Characteristics of RCA . 17 Physical Properties . 17 Particle Composition, Shape and Texture . 17 Gradation . 18 Absorption Capacity . 18 Specific Gravity. 19 Mechanical Properties . 19 Los Angeles Abrasion Mass Loss . 19 Freeze-Thaw Durability . 19 Chemical Properties . 20 Alkali-Silica Reactivity (ASR) . 20 Sulfate Soundness Mass Loss. 20 Chloride Content. 20 Precipitate Potential . 21 Concerns with Surface Dust and Contaminants . 21 Chapter 4. Uses of RCA . 23 Unstabilized (Granular) Subbase and Backfill . 23 Unstabilized Dense-graded Subbase. 23 Unstabilized Free-draining Subbase . 24 Cement-Stabilized Subbase . 24 Concrete Mixtures . 25 Asphalt Pavement and Asphalt-Stabilized Subbase. 25 Other Applications . 26 Granular Fill . 26 Erosion Control (Rip-rap) . 26 Innovative Applications. 26 Chapter 5. Properties of Concrete Containing RCA . 27 Properties of Fresh (Plastic) RCA Concrete . 27 iv Workability, Finishability and Water Bleeding . 27 Water Demand . ..
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