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Capitalizing on My African American Christian Heritage in the Cultivation

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Capitalizing on My African American Christian Heritage in the Cultivation Masthead Logo Digital Commons @ George Fox University Doctor of Ministry Theses and Dissertations 2-1-2019 Capitalizing on my African American Christian Heritage in the Cultivation of Spiritual Formation and Contemplative Spiritual Disciplines Claire Appiah [email protected] This research is a product of the Doctor of Ministry (DMin) program at George Fox University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Appiah, Claire, "Capitalizing on my African American Christian Heritage in the Cultivation of Spiritual Formation and Contemplative Spiritual Disciplines" (2019). Doctor of Ministry. 288. https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/dmin/288 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Ministry by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GEORGE FOX UNIVERSITY CAPITALIZING ON MY AFRICAN AMERICAN CHRISTIAN HERITAGE IN THE CULTIVATION OF SPIRITUAL FORMATION AND CONTEMPLATIVE SPIRITUAL DISCIPLINES A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF PORTLAND SEMINARY IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF MINISTRY BY CLAIRE APPIAH PORTLAND, OREGON FEBRUARY, 2019 Portland Seminary George Fox University Portland, Oregon CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL ________________________________ DMin Dissertation ________________________________ This is to certify that the DMin Dissertation of Claire Appiah has been approved by the Dissertation Committee on February 21, 2019 for the degree of Doctor of Ministry in Leadership and Global Perspectives Dissertation Committee: Primary Advisor: Clifford Berger, DMin Secondary Advisor: Carlos Jermaine Richard, DMin Lead Mentor: Jason Clark, PhD, DMin Expert Advisor: Clifford Berger, DMin Copyright © 2019 by Claire Appiah All rights reserved All quotations from the Bible are from the King James Version. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Special thanks to Dr. Loren Kerns for his consideration in allowing me to be accepted into the Doctor of Ministry: Leadership in Global Perspectives Program, and for continual support along the way. It has been quite a blessed and rewarding experience. Many thanks to Dr. Jason Paul Clark for the amazing experiences and challenges in being able to see things in a new light and to see new possibilities in service to God. I can hardly believe I had been walking around without the body of knowledge that you brought awareness to our cohort under your astute leadership. I am grateful to the brilliant and anointed Dr. Clifford Berger for taking me on as his advisee for this dissertation project. Thank you for your patience and understanding throughout the process. You have been such a motivating and encouraging factor in getting the job done. You are Truly a God-Send! Thanks to Dr. Diane Zemke who graciously took on the task of doing a lot of the final editing at the last moment. You have been so helpful and diligent in helping me to complete the dissertation in a timely manner. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... vi SECTION 1: THE PERCEIVED OPPORTUNITY ........................................................ 1 A Story ........................................................................................................................ 2 Gleaning from the Past for Spiritual Empowerment in the Present................................ 3 Early Beginnings: Acculturation of Enslaved Africans in the New World................. 3 African Slavery in America Supplanted by African American Segregation and Discrimination .................................................................................................... 5 Christianization of Free and Enslaved Africans in America .......................................... 6 The Impetus of the Revivalist Movements in the Conversion of Enslaved and Free Africans to Christianity ...................................................................................... 6 Emergence of Independent and Separate Churches Among Persons of African Descent ............................................................................................................ 10 Institutional and Non-Institutional Slave Religion in the Antebellum South ............ 13 African and African American Spirituality in Christianity .......................................... 16 Continuities and Discontinuities in African Spirituality with Christianity ............... 16 The Primacy of the Holy Spirit in African American Pentecostalism and the Azusa Street Revival Nexus ........................................................................................ 20 A Perceived Ministry Opportunity: Integrating the Heritage of African American Communal Spirituality into Personal Spiritual Disciplines for Holistic Spirituality ....................................................................................................... 24 A Brief Look at the Emphases of Some Prominent African American Churches ..... 26 Summary ................................................................................................................... 27 SECTION 2: OTHER PROPOSED SOLUTIONS ........................................................ 29 The Efficacy of the Holy Spirit in Nuances of African American Christian Praxis ...... 29 Experiencing Transformation and Wholeness ......................................................... 29 The Power of the Holy Spirit in Personal and Corporate Communion with God ..... 30 Spiritual and Social Transformation in African American Spirituality ........................ 34 The Mission of African American Christians .......................................................... 34 Proactive Holistic Ministry: The Sacred and The Secular ....................................... 35 Emergent Paradigms of Pentecostalism in Multi-Cultural and Multi-Ethnic Spirituality .......................................................................................................... 38 Oasis Christian Center: Propagating the Mission of God through Celebrity Status .. 38 Jesus Christ as Model for Altruism and Social Ministry .......................................... 40 Challenge to Christian Faith Leads to Spiritual Conflict ......................................... 42 Summary ................................................................................................................... 45 SECTION 3: THESIS ................................................................................................... 48 The Influence of My African American Christian Legacy in My Spiritual Journey ..... 48 Hypothesis ............................................................................................................. 48 Identified Uniqueness of African American Spirituality and Contemplative Spiritual Disciplines ....................................................................................................... 51 Cultivating the Contemplative Life ............................................................................ 54 iv Intimacy with God through the Power of the Holy Spirit ........................................ 54 Identifying Some of the Christian Contemplative Spiritual Disciplines for Spiritual Formation ......................................................................................................... 61 Centering Prayer .................................................................................................... 71 Correlations Between Christian Spirituality and Well-Being: A Theoretical Approach ............................................................................................................................ 73 An Examination of Meditative Practices from a Neurological Perspective .............. 73 Health Benefits Associated with Religion and Spirituality ...................................... 74 Dissenting Voices to Christian Spiritual Formation and Contemplative Spiritual Disciplines .......................................................................................................... 76 Spiritual Formation ................................................................................................ 76 Contemplative Prayer ............................................................................................. 77 Christian Mysticism ............................................................................................... 77 Meditation .............................................................................................................. 78 Summary ................................................................................................................... 78 SECTION 4: ARTIFACT DESCRIPTION ................................................................... 80 SECTION 5: ARTIFACT SPECIFICATION ............................................................... 83 The Creation of the Artifact and Plan for Utilization .................................................. 83 Current Plan for Utilization of the Artifact ................................................................. 83 SECTION 6: POSTSCRIPT ......................................................................................... 85 Execution of the Dissertation ....................................................................................
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